Straw smashing and returning to field device and method with film surface impurity removing function

Abstract

The application discloses a straw smashing and returning to field device and method with film surface impurity removing function, which comprises a rack, a transmission system and a cutter head. A plurality of smashing chambers are formed by an upper guard plate, side guard plates, a guide plate and a bottom guard plate on the rack, a straw smashing and discharging port is arranged on the side of the rack, the transmission system is arranged on the upper surface of the rack and is connected with a plurality of secondary transmission gear boxes through a main transmission gear box, a cutter head is arranged at the lower end of each transmission gear box, the cutter head is located in the smashing chamber of the rack, a moving cutter and an air knife are arranged on the cutter head, the moving cutter can be matched with a fixed cutter arranged on the rear side of the rack to complete straw smashing, the air knife is arranged at the lowermost position of the cutter head, the air knife blows the film surface impurities away from the film surface while the straw is smashed, meanwhile, the guide plate arranged below the bottom guard plate of the rack guides the impurities to the two sides of the film surface, and the film surface impurity removing function is realized. The application can form a plurality of smashing chambers, guarantees the smashing quality of straws with different water contents, and provides different installation methods of the moving cutter with a small number of blades.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of straw crushing and returning to the field technology, and in particular, a straw crushing and returning to the field device and method with a film surface cleaning function. Background Technology

[0002] To conserve water, cotton is commonly planted using plastic film mulch. Six rows of cotton are planted per row of mulch, with a row spacing of 66 ± 10 cm. After the cotton harvest in autumn, the cotton stalks need to be crushed and returned to the field, and the mulch film laid on the ground needs to be recycled. The agricultural machinery used to accomplish this is an integrated straw crushing and residual film recycling machine. First, the straw crushing and returning device crushes the cotton stalks and throws them off the film surface. Then, a film rake is used to pick up and collect the mulch film.

[0003] The straw crushing and returning device is one of the core working components of the integrated straw crushing and residual film recycling machine. Currently, the straw crushing and returning devices used in conjunction with the mulch rake are mainly horizontal structures, using a horizontal cutter shaft with multiple throwing blades arranged on it. The straw is crushed and thrown into a discharge spiral behind the cutter shaft, which then transports the crushed straw to the ground outside the mulch film. The discharge spiral is prone to clogging during the transport of straw, leading to breakage. Alternatively, a throwing pipe is arranged behind the cutter shaft, through which the cutter shaft throws the crushed straw directly to the rear of the mulch rake. To smoothly throw the straw out of the throwing pipe, an air knife is installed on the cutter shaft, resulting in higher power consumption. The cutter shaft of the horizontal straw crushing and returning device is long, and the blades wear out severely after long-term operation, resulting in uneven mass distribution of the cutter shaft. When the cutter shaft rotates at high speed, it will vibrate violently, causing the frame housing and bearing seats to break. When replacing the blades, all blades need to be replaced, resulting in high operating costs. Some of the cotton stalks crushed by the cutter shaft will fall onto the surface of the plastic film, resulting in more impurities in the residual film picked up by the film rake.

[0004] Currently, there are also vertical structures for straw crushing and returning devices. The cutter shaft of the vertical straw crushing and returning device is perpendicular to the ground, and 2-4 sets of moving blades are arranged on the cutter shaft to form a cutter disc. The surface formed by the high-speed rotation of the cutter disc is parallel to the ground, which can directly throw the crushed straw onto the film surface. Vertical straw crushing and returning devices primarily employ three methods to crush cotton stalks from one plastic film mulch film in a single operation: ① Using a single cutter head to cut and crush six rows of cotton stalks. The advantage of this method is that it only requires one cutter shaft and a transmission gearbox. The disadvantage is that the large rotation radius of the cutter head makes it unsuitable for high-speed operation. ② Using two cutter heads of equal diameter, one cutting four rows of cotton stalks and the other cutting two rows. The advantage of this method is that it reduces the rotation radius of the cutter heads, but the fact that one cutter head cuts two rows results in wasted power. ③ Using two cutter heads of unequal diameter, with the larger rotation radius cutting four rows of cotton stalks and the smaller rotation radius cutting two rows. This method overcomes the disadvantages of the first two methods and improves operating efficiency. However, the transmission system driving the two cutter heads requires an overrunning clutch and a friction clutch, resulting in a complex transmission system structure. Furthermore, currently used vertical straw crushing and returning machines operate independently for straw crushing and returning, directly spreading the crushed straw onto the plastic film surface. These reasons prevented the vertical straw crushing device from being used in conjunction with the film rake for combined straw crushing and residual film recycling.

[0005] The moisture content of cotton stalks is a crucial factor affecting the quality of shredding and the amount of impurities on the surface of the plastic film. Cotton stalks are mainly shredded and returned to the field and plastic film is recycled in autumn and spring. In autumn, the moisture content of cotton stalks is moderate, making them easy to shred after cutting. In spring, cotton stalks in the field have been dried for a long time, resulting in very low moisture content. During shredding, the stalks often break but are not completely shredded. Simply increasing the rotation speed of the shredder blades is unlikely to improve the shredding quality.

[0006] Compared with horizontal straw crushing and returning devices, vertical straw crushing and returning devices have the advantages of fewer blades and less vibration after blade wear. Based on the vertical straw crushing and returning device and in conjunction with the technical requirements of residual film recycling, this invention proposes a technical concept for straw crushing and removing impurities from the surface of the mulch film, and designs a device to achieve this function, while ensuring the crushing quality of straw with different moisture contents. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to crush cotton stalks and return them to the field, while simultaneously removing impurities from the surface of the plastic film, thereby improving the cleanliness of subsequent plastic film recycling. This invention provides a straw crushing and returning device and method with a film surface cleaning function. Three blades with equal radii of rotation are used to cut and crush six rows of cotton stalks for returning to the field. Each blade cuts two rows of cotton stalks. The blades throw the cut stalks into the crushing chamber, where they are crushed and thrown to the side of the plastic film. Simultaneously, the blades generate airflow to remove impurities from the surface of the plastic film.

[0008] This invention proposes a straw crushing and returning device with a membrane surface cleaning function.

[0009] This includes the transmission system, cutter head, and frame.

[0010] The frame includes: an upper guard plate (1), side guard plates (2), a partition plate (3), and a bottom guard plate (4). The side guard plates (2) are fixedly connected to the lower periphery of the upper guard plate (1). The side guard plates (2) include a first side guard plate (2-1) and a second side guard plate (2-2). The first side guard plate (2-1) surrounds the left side and rear of the upper guard plate (1), and the second side guard plate (2-2) surrounds the right side of the upper guard plate (1). Both the first side guard plate (2-1) and the second side guard plate (2-2) are perpendicular to the upper guard plate (1). The bottom guard plate (4) is connected below the side guard plates (2), and the bottom guard plate (4) is parallel to the upper guard plate (1). There is a gap between the second side guard plate (2-2) and the first side guard plate (2-1) located behind the upper guard plate (1). The crushing chamber is formed by the side guard plate (2-2), the upper guard plate (1), and the bottom guard plate (4), and the gap serves as the outlet (6) of the crushing chamber. A partition plate (3) is arranged between the upper guard plate (1) and the bottom guard plate (4). The partition plate (3) is distributed between the side guard plate (1) and the side guard plate (2-2). The partition plate (3) is perpendicular to the upper guard plate (1) and parallel to the side guard plate (2-2). There is a gap between the rear end of the partition plate (3) and the side guard plate (1). A frame rod (5) is fixed above the upper guard plate (1) to support and fix the upper guard plate (1) to prevent deformation. A guide plate (7) is arranged below the bottom guard plate (4). The guide plate (7) is symmetrically pointed, with the pointed end facing forward and the open end facing backward.

[0011] The transmission system includes: a main transmission gearbox (8), a secondary transmission gearbox (9), and a connecting shaft (10); the secondary transmission gearbox (9) is distributed on both sides of the main transmission gearbox (8), and the main transmission gearbox (8) and the secondary transmission gearbox (9) are connected by the connecting shaft (10). The main transmission gearbox (8) and the secondary transmission gearbox (9) are both fixedly installed on the upper guard plate (1), and the main transmission gearbox (8) and the secondary transmission gearbox (9) are located between the side guard plate 2 (2-2) and the partition plate (3), between the partition plate (3) and the partition plate (3), and between the partition plate and the side guard plate 1 (2-1).

[0012] The cutter head is located between the upper guard plate (1) and the bottom guard plate (4), and is mounted on the power output shaft at the lower end of the main transmission gearbox (8) and the secondary transmission gearbox (9). It includes: a moving cutter (11), an air cutter (12), and a fixed plate (13); there are two fixed plates (13), which are parallel vertically and are fixedly connected by a connecting pipe (14); the fixed plate (13) has several holes evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the moving cutter (11) Holes are provided on both the moving knife (11) and the air knife (12). The hole spacing of the moving knife (11) and the air knife (12) is equal to the hole spacing on the fixed plate (13). The moving knife (11) and the air knife (12) are fastened to the fixed plate (13) through the holes. Several moving knives are installed on each fixed plate (13). Only the moving knife (11) is installed on the upper fixed plate (13). The moving knife (11) and the air knife (12) are installed on the same set of holes on the lower fixed plate (13) at the same time, with the moving knife on top and the air knife on the bottom.

[0013] The fixed plate has 6 holes, and the moving knife (11) and the air knife (12) have 2 holes. Three blades can be installed on the fixed plate, or two blades can be installed opposite each other.

[0014] Among them, there is one main transmission gearbox (8), N secondary transmission gearboxes (9), N spacers (3), and N+1 cutter discs, where N is related to the number of straw rows.

[0015] Among them, sharp corner grooves (16) are provided on the upper guard plate (1) and the bottom guard plate (4). The sharp corner grooves (16) on the upper guard plate (1) and the bottom guard plate (4) have the same shape and size and are aligned with each other. The sharp corner grooves (16) are located between adjacent transmission gearboxes. The tip of the sharp corner groove (16) faces forward, the opening end of the sharp corner groove (16) faces backward, and the rear end is close to the side guard plate (2-1). The guide plate (17) can pass through the sharp corner groove of the upper guard plate (1) and be inserted into the sharp corner groove (16) of the bottom guard plate (4). The cross-sectional shape and size of the guide plate (17) are the same as those of the sharp corner groove (16).

[0016] Among them, a fixed blade (15) is fixed on the side guard plate (2-1) behind the upper guard plate (1), and the fixed blade can cooperate with the moving blade on the blade disc to crush.

[0017] Wherein, the front end of the bottom guard plate (4) does not exceed the rotation center of the cutter head.

[0018] The guide plate (7) is made of flexible materials such as plastic, canvas or brush.

[0019] Based on the above-mentioned device, the present invention proposes a method for straw crushing and returning to the field with a membrane surface cleaning function:

[0020] The main drive gearbox (8) is connected to the power output shaft of the power machine. The power machine drives the main drive gearbox (8) and the secondary drive gearbox (9) to rotate in sequence, which in turn drives the fixed plate (13), the moving blade (11) and the air blade (12) on the cutter head to rotate at high speed.

[0021] During operation, each row of straw is positioned within the gap formed by the side guard plate (2) and the partition plate (3). The moving blade (11) on the cutter head cuts the straw and throws it into the crushing chamber formed by the upper guard plate (1), the bottom guard plate (4), and the side guard plate (2). In the crushing chamber, the straw is shredded by the interaction of the moving blade (11) and the fixed blade (15) and is thrown out to both sides from the discharge port (6).

[0022] While crushing straw, the air knife (12) at the bottom of the cutter head rotates at high speed to form an airflow, which blows the impurities on the surface of the mulch film away from the film surface. The blown-away impurities move to both sides of the mulch film under the guidance of the guide plate (7), thus cleaning the impurities on the film surface.

[0023] Furthermore, the adjustment method for straw crushing with different moisture contents is as follows: Guide plates (17) and fixed blades (15) are selectively installed according to the moisture content. When the straw moisture content is low, the guide plate (17) is inserted into the sharp corner groove (16) on the bottom guard plate (4) through the sharp corner groove (16) on the upper guard plate (1). At this time, the upper guard plate (1), bottom guard plate (4), side guard plate (2), and guide plate (17) form a trapezoidal crushing chamber, with the blade disc located in the middle of the crushing chamber. The fixed blades are then... (15) Installed on the side guard plate (2-1), the cutter head rotates at high speed, and the moving blade (11) throws the cut straw into the crushing chamber. After the straw is crushed in the crushing chamber, it is thrown out from the outlet (6). When the straw has a high moisture content, the guide plate (17) can be removed, and a large crushing chamber is formed by the upper guard plate (1), the bottom guard plate (4), and the side guard plate (2). The straw is crushed in the crushing chamber and thrown out from the outlet (6). The number of fixed blades (15) can be selected according to the straw crushing effect.

[0024] Furthermore, the method for replacing the moving blades is as follows: disassemble the 6 moving blades on each cutter head, select the 4 moving blades with less wear, select four holes that are symmetrical about an axis on the fixed plate, and make the center lines between adjacent holes parallel to each other. Install two parallel moving blades on these two sets of symmetrical holes to ensure that the cutter head is balanced and does not vibrate when rotating at high speed.

[0025] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0026] 1. In this invention, a horizontally rotating blade is used to cut and crush cotton stalks and then throw them out, which can reduce the frequent malfunctions of the existing horizontal structure that requires a dedicated cotton stalk discharge device after the vertical rotating blade crushes the cotton stalks.

[0027] 2. In this invention, the airflow generated by the air knife removes impurities from the surface of the mulch film, which helps to improve the cleanliness of the mulch film recycling.

[0028] 3. By adding guide plates to form multiple crushing chambers, the crushing quality of cotton stalks with different moisture contents can be guaranteed.

[0029] 4. The number of moving blades used in this invention is small, and different methods of installing the moving blades can be adopted. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention when the guide plate is installed.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the invention, showing the bottom guide plate.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention with the upper protective plate removed.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the frame structure of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the frame structure of the present invention with the upper protective plate removed.

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the transmission system and the cutter head assembled together according to the present invention.

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cutter head of the present invention with two moving cutters installed.

[0037] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cutter head of the present invention with three moving cutters installed.

[0038] In the diagram: 1. Upper guard plate, 2. Side guard plate, 2-1. Side guard plate one, 2-2. Side guard plate two, 3. Spare plate, 4. Bottom guard plate, 5. Frame rod, 6. Discharge port, 7. Guide plate, 8. Main drive gearbox, 9. Secondary drive gearbox, 10. Connecting shaft, 11. Moving blade, 12. Air blade, 13. Fixed plate, 14. Connecting pipe, 15. Fixed blade, 16. Sharp corner groove, 17. Guide plate. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples of cotton stalks.

[0040] like Figure 1-8 The diagram shown is a structural diagram of a straw crushing and returning device with a film surface cleaning function proposed in this invention, including a transmission system, a cutter head, and a frame.

[0041] The frame includes an upper guard plate 1, side guard plates 2, a partition plate 3, a bottom guard plate 4, and a frame rod 5. The side guard plates 2 are fixedly connected to the periphery of the upper guard plate 1. Side guard plate 1 (2-1) surrounds the left side and rear of the upper guard plate 1, and side guard plate 2 (2-2) surrounds the right side of the upper guard plate 1. Both side guard plates 2-1 and 2-2 are perpendicular to the upper guard plate 1. The bottom guard plate 4 is fixedly connected below the side guard plates 2 and is parallel to the upper guard plate 1. There is a gap between side guard plate 2 (2-2) and side guard plate 2 (2-1) located behind the upper guard plate 1. 2. The upper guard plate 1 and the bottom guard plate 4 surround and form the outlet 6; a partition plate 3 is arranged between the upper guard plate 1 and the bottom guard plate 4. There are two partition plates 3, which are distributed between the first side guard plate 2-1 and the second side guard plate 2-2. The partition plate 3 is perpendicular to the upper guard plate 1 and parallel to the second side guard plate 2-2. There is a gap between the rear end of the partition plate 3 and the first side guard plate 2-1; a frame rod 5 is fixed above the upper guard plate 1 to support and fix the upper guard plate 1 to prevent deformation; a guide plate 7 is arranged below the bottom guard plate 4. The guide plate 7 is symmetrically pointed, with the pointed end facing forward and the open end facing backward.

[0042] The transmission system includes a main transmission gearbox 8, a secondary transmission gearbox 9, and a connecting shaft 10. There are two secondary transmission gearboxes 9, which are distributed on both sides of the main transmission gearbox 8. The main transmission gearbox 8 and the secondary transmission gearbox 9 are connected by the connecting shaft 10. Both the main transmission gearbox 8 and the secondary transmission gearbox 9 are fixedly installed on the upper guard plate 1.

[0043] The cutter head includes a moving blade 11, an air blade 12, and a fixed plate 13. There are two fixed plates 13, which are parallel to each other and are fixedly connected by a connecting pipe 14. The fixed plate 13 has 6 holes evenly distributed in the circumferential direction. The moving blade 11 and the air blade 12 each have 2 holes. The hole spacing of the 2 holes on the moving blade 11 and the air blade 12 is equal to the hole spacing of the 2 adjacent holes on the fixed plate 13. The moving blade 11 and the air blade 12 are fastened to the fixed plate 13 with bolts. Each fixed plate 13 can install 3 moving blades. The upper fixed plate 13 only installs the moving blade 11, while the lower fixed plate 13 fixes both the moving blade 11 and the air blade 12. There are 3 cutter heads, which are respectively installed on the power output shaft at the lower end of the main transmission gearbox 8 and the secondary transmission gearbox 9. The cutter heads are located between the upper guard plate 1 and the bottom guard plate 4.

[0044] A fixed blade 15 is fixed on the side guard plate 2-1 behind the upper guard plate 1.

[0045] Sharp corner grooves 16 are provided on the upper guard plate 1 and the bottom guard plate 4 respectively. The sharp corner grooves 16 on the upper guard plate 1 and the bottom guard plate 4 are the same size and aligned with each other. The sharp corner grooves 16 are located between the main transmission gearbox 8 and the secondary transmission gearbox 9. The tip of the sharp corner grooves 16 faces forward and the opening end of the sharp corner grooves 16 faces backward and is close to the side guard plate 2-1. The guide plate 17 can pass through the sharp corner grooves 16 on the upper guard plate 1 and the bottom guard plate 4. The shape and size of the guide plate 17 are the same as those of the sharp corner grooves 16.

[0046] The front end of the bottom guard plate 4 does not exceed the rotation center of the cutter head.

[0047] The guide plate 7 is made of flexible materials such as plastic, canvas, or brush.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] Taking cotton as an example, the present invention provides a method for returning crushed straw to the field with a film-surface cleaning function as follows:

[0050] During operation, the three cutter discs rotate at high speed, cutting the cotton stalks and throwing them into the crushing chamber formed by the upper guard plate 1, the bottom guard plate 4, and the side guard plate 2. Under the action of the moving blade 11 and the fixed blade 15, the cotton stalks are shredded and thrown out from the discharge port. The air knife 12 rotates at high speed to form an airflow, blowing impurities off the surface of the mulch film. Some of the blown-off impurities move to both sides of the mulch film under the action of the guide plate 7, avoiding them from remaining on the surface of the mulch film.

[0051] Adjustable for cotton stalk crushing with different moisture contents: The moisture content of cotton stalks is an important factor affecting the crushing quality. The guide plate 17 and fixed blade 15 can be selectively installed according to the moisture content of the cotton stalks. When the moisture content of the cotton stalks is low (for example, in spring, the moisture content is usually below 25%), the two guide plates 17 are inserted into the sharp corner groove 16 on the bottom guard plate 4 through the sharp corner groove 16 on the upper guard plate 1. At this time, the upper guard plate 1, the bottom guard plate 4, the side guard plate 2, and the guide plate 17 form three trapezoidal crushing chambers. The three blades are located in the middle of the crushing chambers. The fixed blade 15 is installed on the side guard plate 2-1. The blades rotate at high speed and throw the cut cotton stalks into the crushing chambers. After crushing the cotton stalks, they are thrown out from the discharge port.

[0052] When the cotton stalks have a high moisture content (for example, in autumn, the moisture content is usually between 25-70%), the guide plate 17 can be removed, and a large crushing chamber is formed by the upper guard plate 1, the bottom guard plate 4, and the side guard plate 2. The cotton stalks are crushed in the crushing chamber and thrown out from the discharge port. The number of fixed blades can also be selected according to the crushing effect of the cotton stalks.

[0053] Method for adjusting the moving blades: After long-term operation, the moving blade 11 will wear out and need to be replaced. You can remove the 6 blades on each cutter head and select the 4 moving blades with less wear. Select four holes on the fixed plate and make the center line between two adjacent holes parallel to each other. Install two parallel moving blades on these two sets of holes. This can ensure that the cutter head is balanced when rotating at high speed and does not vibrate.

[0054] Example 3: Field operation results:

[0055] The straw crushing and returning device with film surface cleaning function described in this invention was prototyped at Xinjiang Youhoupu Agricultural Machinery Co., Ltd., and combined with the chain rake-type residual film picking device manufactured by the same company to form an integrated machine for straw crushing and residual film recycling. Operations were conducted in spring. Due to the low moisture content of cotton stalks in spring, all three guide plates were installed on the straw crushing and returning device. Before operation, the main transmission gearbox 8 of the straw crushing and returning device was connected to the power output shaft of the tractor. The height of the straw crushing and returning device was adjusted so that the bottom of the device was close to the surface of the mulch film but not in contact with it. The front end of the device was lower than the rear end, causing the front end of the cutter head to tilt downwards. During operation, the tractor speed was set to 6 km / h, and the tractor power output shaft speed was adjusted to 720 rpm. The three cutter heads cut and crushed two rows of cotton stalks respectively. Field operation results showed that six rows of cotton stalks could be crushed and thrown to one side of the mulch film, with good crushing effect. The airflow generated by the air knife 12 could blow away impurities on the surface of the mulch film, resulting in less impurities in the harvested residual film, achieving the expected results.

[0056] The detailed descriptions listed above are merely specific descriptions of feasible embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent methods or modifications that do not depart from the technology of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A straw crushing and returning device with a membrane surface cleaning function, characterized in that, Includes the frame, drive system, and cutter head; The frame includes: an upper guard plate (1), side guard plates (2), a partition plate (3), and a bottom guard plate (4). The side guard plates (2) are fixedly connected to the lower periphery of the upper guard plate (1). The side guard plates (2) include a first side guard plate (2-1) and a second side guard plate (2-2). The first side guard plate (2-1) surrounds the left side and rear of the upper guard plate (1), and the second side guard plate (2-2) surrounds the right side of the upper guard plate (1). Side guard plate 1 (2-1) and side guard plate 2 (2-2) are both perpendicular to the upper guard plate (1); a bottom guard plate (4) is connected below the side guard plate (2), and the bottom guard plate (4) is parallel to the upper guard plate (1); there is a gap between side guard plate 2 (2-2) and side guard plate 1 (2-1) located behind the upper guard plate (1), and the bottom guard plate is formed by side guard plate 1 (2-1), side guard plate 2 (2-2), upper guard plate (1) and bottom guard plate. (4) A crushing chamber is formed by surrounding the gap, which serves as the outlet (6) of the crushing chamber; a partition plate (3) is arranged between the upper guard plate (1) and the bottom guard plate (4). The partition plate (3) is distributed between the first side guard plate (2-1) and the second side guard plate (2-2). The partition plate (3) is perpendicular to the upper guard plate (1) and parallel to the second side guard plate (2-2). There is a gap between the rear end of the partition plate (3) and the first side guard plate (2-1); a frame rod (5) is fixed above the upper guard plate (1) to support and fix the upper guard plate (1) to prevent deformation; a guide plate (7) is arranged below the bottom guard plate (4). The guide plate (7) is symmetrically pointed, with the pointed end facing forward and the open end facing backward. The function of the guide plate (7) is to guide the blown impurities to both sides of the straw crushing and returning device in conjunction with the airflow generated by the air knife (12). The transmission system includes: a main transmission gearbox (8), a secondary transmission gearbox (9), and a connecting shaft (10); the secondary transmission gearbox (9) is distributed on both sides of the main transmission gearbox (8), and the main transmission gearbox (8) and the secondary transmission gearbox (9) are connected by the connecting shaft (10). The main transmission gearbox (8) and the secondary transmission gearbox (9) are both fixedly installed on the upper guard plate (1), and the main transmission gearbox (8) is located between adjacent partition plates (3), and the secondary transmission gearbox (9) is located between the second side guard plate (2-2) and the partition plate (3), or between the partition plate (3) and the partition plate (3), or between the partition plate and the first side guard plate (2-1); The cutter head is located between the upper guard plate (1) and the bottom guard plate (4), and is mounted on the power output shaft at the lower end of the main transmission gearbox (8) and the secondary transmission gearbox (9). It includes: a moving cutter (11), an air cutter (12), and a fixed plate (13); there are two fixed plates (13), which are parallel vertically and are fixedly connected by a connecting pipe (14); the fixed plate (13) has several holes evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the moving cutter (11) Holes are provided on both the moving knife (11) and the air knife (12). The hole spacing of the moving knife (11) and the air knife (12) is equal to the hole spacing on the fixed plate (13). The moving knife (11) and the air knife (12) are fastened to the fixed plate (13) through the holes. Several moving knives are installed on each fixed plate (13). Only the moving knife (11) is installed on the upper fixed plate (13). The moving knife (11) and the air knife (12) are installed on the same set of holes on the lower fixed plate (13) at the same time, with the moving knife on top and the air knife on the bottom. The fixed plate has six holes, and the moving knife (11) and the air knife (12) have two holes. Three blades are installed on the fixed plate or two blades are installed opposite each other. Sharp corner grooves (16) are provided on the upper guard plate (1) and the bottom guard plate (4) respectively. The sharp corner grooves (16) on the upper guard plate (1) and the bottom guard plate (4) have the same shape and size and are aligned with each other. The sharp corner grooves (16) are located between adjacent transmission gearboxes. The tip of the sharp corner groove (16) faces forward, the opening end of the sharp corner groove (16) faces backward, and the rear end is close to the side guard plate (2-1). The guide plate (17) passes through the sharp corner groove of the upper guard plate (1) and is inserted into the sharp corner groove (16) of the bottom guard plate (4). The cross-sectional shape and size of the guide plate (17) are the same as those of the sharp corner groove (16). The guide plate (17) and the sharp corner grooves (16) of the upper guard plate (1) and the bottom guard plate (4) work together to adjust the crushing chamber of the entire straw crushing and returning device. When the guide plate (17) is inserted into the sharp corner grooves (16) of the upper guard plate (1) and the bottom guard plate (4), multiple small "trapezoidal" crushing chambers can be formed. When the guide plate (17) is not inserted into the sharp corner grooves (16) of the upper guard plate (1) and the bottom guard plate (4), the entire straw crushing and returning device has only one large crushing chamber. The front end of the bottom guard plate (4) does not exceed the rotation center of the cutter head.

2. The straw crushing and returning device with membrane surface cleaning function according to claim 1, characterized in that, There is one main drive gearbox (8), N secondary drive gearboxes (9), N spacers (3), and N+1 cutter discs, where N is related to the number of straw rows.

3. The straw crushing and returning device with membrane surface cleaning function according to claim 1, characterized in that, A fixed blade (15) is fixed on the side guard plate (2-1) behind the upper guard plate (1). The fixed blade can cooperate with the moving blade on the blade disc to crush the material.

4. The straw crushing and returning device with membrane surface cleaning function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide plate (7) is made of plastic or a brush.

5. A method for a straw crushing and returning device with membrane surface cleaning function according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main drive gearbox (8) is connected to the power output shaft of the power machine. The power machine drives the main drive gearbox (8) and the secondary drive gearbox (9) to rotate in sequence, which in turn drives the fixed plate (13), the moving blade (11) and the air blade (12) on the cutter head to rotate at high speed. During operation, each row of straw is positioned within the gap formed by the side guard plate (2) and the partition plate (3). The moving blade (11) on the cutter head cuts the straw and throws it into the crushing chamber formed by the upper guard plate (1), the bottom guard plate (4), and the side guard plate (2). In the crushing chamber, the straw is shredded and thrown out from the discharge port (6) by the interaction of the moving blade (11) and the fixed blade (15). While crushing straw, the air knife (12) at the bottom of the cutter head rotates at high speed to form an airflow, which blows the impurities on the surface of the mulch film away from the film surface. The blown-away impurities move to both sides of the mulch film under the guidance of the guide plate (7), thus cleaning the impurities on the film surface. Adjustment method for straw crushing with different moisture contents: Selectively install guide plates (17) according to the moisture content; When the straw moisture content is low, insert the guide plate (17) into the sharp corner groove (16) on the bottom guard plate (4) through the sharp corner groove (16) on the upper guard plate (1). At this time, the upper guard plate (1), the bottom guard plate (4), the side guard plate (2), and the guide plate (17) form a "trapezoidal" crushing chamber. The cutter disc is located in the middle of the crushing chamber. The fixed blade (15) is installed on the side guard plate (2-1). The cutter disc rotates at high speed, and the moving blade (11) throws the cut straw into the crushing chamber. After the straw is crushed in the crushing chamber, it is thrown out from the discharge port (6); When the straw moisture content is high, remove the guide plate (17). The upper guard plate (1), the bottom guard plate (4), and the side guard plate (2) form a large crushing chamber. The straw is crushed in the crushing chamber and thrown out from the discharge port (6). It also includes a method for replacing the moving blades: disassemble the six moving blades on each cutter head, select the four moving blades with less wear, select four holes that are symmetrical about the axis on the fixed plate, and make the center lines between adjacent holes parallel to each other. Install two parallel moving blades on these two sets of symmetrical holes to ensure that the cutter head is balanced and does not vibrate when rotating at high speed.

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