A method for hydrogen production using an oxygen-permeable membrane and its application

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of hydrogen production technology, specifically relating to a method and application of hydrogen production via an oxygen-permeable membrane. The method includes the following steps: (1) introducing water vapor into a second oxygen-permeable membrane reactor R2 to generate a high-temperature reactive gas 1; (2) mixing the remaining hydrogen-containing gas on the water vapor side of the second oxygen-permeable membrane reactor R2 with the high-temperature reactive gas 1 and introducing it into a first oxygen-permeable membrane reactor R1; (3) introducing water vapor into the first oxygen-permeable membrane reactor R1, where oxygen migrates through the oxygen-permeable membrane to the oxygen side and reacts with the mixed gas 1 to generate a high-temperature reactive gas 2; (4) introducing a portion of the high-temperature reactive gas 2 as a circulating gas into the second oxygen-permeable membrane reactor R2 and mixing it with fuel; (5) introducing the remaining hydrogen-rich gas on the water vapor side of the first oxygen-permeable membrane reactor R1 into a first condenser C1 to obtain high-purity hydrogen. This invention further reduces energy consumption while increasing the production rate, providing a convenient, efficient, and economical way to produce hydrogen.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This patent belongs to the field of hydrogen production technology, specifically relating to a method for producing hydrogen using an oxygen-permeable membrane and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Global energy primarily comprises traditional fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas, as well as emerging clean energy sources like wind, hydro, solar, ocean, and hydrogen. Traditional fossil fuels are non-renewable, and their combustion produces toxic gases and greenhouse gases that severely pollute the environment. With industrial development, energy demand is increasing daily. To address this growing demand and the need for low-carbon energy, and to accelerate the global transition from a fossil fuel economy to a low-carbon economy, the development of clean and inexpensive new energy sources is urgently needed. Hydrogen is a highly efficient and ideal clean energy source. Due to its numerous advantages, including pollution-free combustion, high energy density, high chemical reactivity, and abundant renewable resources, it is considered one of the more ideal energy sources to replace traditional fossil fuels.

[0003] Currently, hydrogen production can be categorized into four main processes and technologies: water electrolysis, fossil fuel-based hydrogen production, industrial by-product hydrogen production, and biomass-based hydrogen production. Water electrolysis is costly and limited to small-scale applications, hindering its widespread adoption. Fossil fuel-based hydrogen production uses non-renewable energy sources, consumes significant energy during the process, and impacts the environment, with large emissions of carbon dioxide contributing to the greenhouse effect. Industrial by-product hydrogen production produces hydrogen with low purity, requiring complex and energy-intensive purification systems that also generate greenhouse gases. Biomass-based hydrogen production also produces hydrogen with low purity, the technology is not yet fully mature, and investment costs are high.

[0004] An oxygen-permeable membrane is a novel type of oxygen separation membrane. Its principle is based on the oxygen partial pressure difference across the membrane at a certain temperature. Water vapor is decomposed into oxygen and hydrogen through the membrane's separation action. Oxygen diffuses from the high partial pressure side to the low partial pressure side, and the remaining hydrogen-rich water vapor is condensed and separated to produce high-purity hydrogen. Compared to conventional hydrogen production technologies, it offers advantages such as system simplicity, low energy consumption, rapid start-up, low cost, and convenient operation, significantly improving the economics and system efficiency of hydrogen production technology.

[0005] Chinese patent CN104163399B discloses an apparatus for producing hydrogen by alternating decomposition of water using oxygen-permeable membranes and hydrogen-permeable membranes. The apparatus includes: a flat box-shaped body internally divided into several spaced-apart oxygen-permeable chambers and hydrogen-permeable chambers; and inner pipes extending into each oxygen-permeable and hydrogen-permeable chamber. The inner pipes of adjacent chambers are connected end-to-end by outer pipes, forming a connected serpentine steam channel. The inner pipes in the oxygen-permeable chambers are made of oxygen-permeable membranes, and the inner pipes in the hydrogen-permeable chambers are made of hydrogen-permeable membranes. A chemical potential difference exists between the inner and outer sides of the hydrogen-permeable membrane in the hydrogen-permeable chamber and the inner and outer sides of the oxygen-permeable membrane in the oxygen-permeable chamber. Under the influence of this chemical potential difference, oxygen permeates through the oxygen-permeable membrane, and hydrogen permeates through the hydrogen-permeable membrane, entering the area between the inner pipe and the corresponding chamber's inner wall, respectively. In this invention, the steam channel is formed by alternating connections of inner pipes in the oxygen-permeable and hydrogen-permeable membranes, resulting in a significantly higher water vapor decomposition rate compared to using a single oxygen-permeable membrane or a single hydrogen-permeable membrane.

[0006] However, conventional oxygen-permeable membrane hydrogen production technology is difficult to improve in terms of hydrogen production rate. It is difficult to meet the requirements in terms of both rate and energy consumption at the same time, and it cannot produce hydrogen in a more convenient, efficient and economical way. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention provides a method and application for hydrogen production using an oxygen-permeable membrane. This invention effectively improves the hydrogen production rate while further reducing energy consumption, making hydrogen production convenient, efficient, and economical.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0009] A method for producing hydrogen using an oxygen-permeable membrane includes the following steps:

[0010] (1) Water vapor is introduced into the second oxygen-permeable membrane reactor, and oxygen migrates through the oxygen-permeable membrane to the oxygen side to react with the fuel and generate high-temperature reaction gas 1.

[0011] (2) Mix the remaining hydrogen-containing gas on the steam side of the second oxygen-permeable membrane reactor with the high-temperature reaction gas generated in step (1) to obtain mixed gas 1, and introduce mixed gas 1 into the first oxygen-permeable membrane reactor.

[0012] (3) Water vapor is introduced into the first oxygen-permeable membrane reactor. Oxygen migrates through the oxygen-permeable membrane to the oxygen side and reacts with mixed gas one to generate high-temperature reaction gas two.

[0013] (4) A portion of the high-temperature reaction gas obtained in step (3) is used as the exhaust gas discharge system, and the other portion is introduced as the circulating gas into the second oxygen-permeable membrane reactor and mixed with the fuel.

[0014] (5) After the remaining hydrogen-rich gas on the water vapor side of the first oxygen-permeable membrane reactor in step (3) is introduced into the first condenser to separate the condensate, high-purity hydrogen is obtained.

[0015] Preferably, the structure of the first oxygen-permeable membrane reactor and the second oxygen-permeable membrane reactor is selected from one or more of the tube sheet structure and the flat plate structure.

[0016] More preferably, the tube diameter of the tube-plate structure oxygen-permeable membrane is 1-20 mm, the membrane thickness is 0.1-5 mm, and the tube spacing is 0.5-5 times the tube diameter; the membrane thickness of the plate structure oxygen-permeable membrane is 0.1-5 mm, and the membrane spacing is 0.5-25 mm.

[0017] Preferably, the oxygen-permeable membrane is selected from one or more of single-layer membranes, double-layer membranes, and mixed conductor oxygen-permeable membranes.

[0018] Preferably, the oxygen-permeable membrane is selected from one or more of the following structures: perovskite, fluorite-perovskite, fluorite-metal, and perovskite-metal.

[0019] Preferably, the operating temperature of the first and second oxygen-permeable membrane reactors is 400–1000°C; the pressure difference across the oxygen-permeable membrane is 0–9 MPa, and the pressure inside the membrane cavity is not lower than the pressure outside the membrane cavity.

[0020] Preferably, the circulating gas in step (4) accounts for 10-90% of the volume of the high-temperature reaction gas.

[0021] Preferably, in step (2), the hydrogen volume concentration of the residual hydrogen-containing gas on the water vapor side of the second oxygen-permeable membrane reactor is 0-40%, and in step (5), the hydrogen volume concentration of the residual hydrogen-rich gas on the water vapor side of the first oxygen-permeable membrane reactor is 0-95%.

[0022] More preferably, in step (2), the hydrogen volume concentration of the residual hydrogen-containing gas on the steam side of the second oxygen-permeable membrane reactor is 5-20%, and in step (5), the hydrogen volume concentration of the residual hydrogen-rich gas on the steam side of the first oxygen-permeable membrane reactor is 50-80%.

[0023] The present invention also claims protection for an application of the above method in the field of hydrogen production.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] (1) The present invention provides a method for producing hydrogen using an oxygen-permeable membrane. Fuel enters the second oxygen-permeable membrane reactor R2 and undergoes an incomplete combustion reaction with oxygen to generate a high-temperature reaction gas containing CO. This gas consumes oxygen and releases heat, providing heat for the migration of oxygen in the second oxygen-permeable membrane reactor R2 and increasing the migration rate. The mixed gas enters the first oxygen-permeable membrane reactor R1 and can react rapidly with the oxygen separated from water vapor, accelerating the rate of hydrogen production from water vapor decomposition. At the same time, the heat released by the reaction is used to maintain the reaction temperature for hydrogen separation, ensuring the hydrogen production rate. The present invention improves the hydrogen production rate while making full use of the heat in the reaction, and the two complement each other.

[0026] (2) The high-temperature reaction gas 2 in the first oxygen-permeable membrane reactor R1 of the present invention can be further utilized and recycled as part of the fuel, which greatly improves the utilization rate of raw materials. At the same time, the condensate generated by the system can also be recycled, which increases the internal circulation of the system and further reduces the production cost.

[0027] (3) The process of the present invention utilizes the oxygen enrichment characteristics of the oxygen-permeable membrane. Under the separation action of the membrane, water vapor is decomposed into oxygen and hydrogen. After the hydrogen-rich water vapor is condensed and separated, hydrogen with a purity of more than 99% can be obtained. The system is simple and convenient, and the hydrogen has high purity and can be directly supplied to hydrogen fuel cells. The oxygen-permeable membrane hydrogen production method of the present invention has low energy consumption, low operating cost and convenient operation. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a hydrogen production method using an oxygen-permeable membrane according to the present invention.

[0029] In the diagram, R1 is the first oxygen-permeable membrane reactor; R2 is the second oxygen-permeable membrane reactor; and C1 is the first condenser. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. Of course, the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0031] Although the steps in this invention are arranged by reference numerals, this is not intended to limit the order of the steps. Unless the order of the steps is explicitly stated or the execution of a step requires other steps as a basis, the relative order of the steps can be adjusted. It is understood that the term "and / or" as used herein refers to and covers any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0032] This invention claims a method for producing hydrogen using an oxygen-permeable membrane, comprising the following steps:

[0033] (1) Water vapor is introduced into the second oxygen permeable membrane reactor R2. Oxygen migrates through the oxygen permeable membrane to the oxygen side and reacts with the fuel to generate high-temperature reaction gas 1. The fuel enters the second oxygen permeable membrane reactor and undergoes incomplete combustion reaction with the oxygen transferred from the decomposition of water vapor to generate a mixed gas containing CO. While consuming oxygen, it releases heat to provide heat for the migration of oxygen in the second oxygen permeable membrane reactor.

[0034] (2) Mix the remaining hydrogen-containing gas on the water vapor side of the second oxygen-permeable membrane reactor R2 with the high-temperature reaction gas generated in step (1) to obtain mixed gas 1, and introduce mixed gas 1 into the first oxygen-permeable membrane reactor R1; the volume concentration of hydrogen in the hydrogen-containing gas is 0 to 40%, which can be 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, or 40%, preferably 5 to 20%;

[0035] (3) Water vapor is introduced into the first oxygen-permeable membrane reactor R1. Oxygen migrates to the oxygen side through the oxygen-permeable membrane and reacts with mixed gas one to generate high-temperature reaction gas two.

[0036] (4) A portion of the high-temperature reaction gas 2 obtained in step (3) is used as an exhaust gas to be discharged from the system, and the other portion is introduced as a circulating gas into the second oxygen-permeable membrane reactor R2 and mixed with fuel. The circulating gas accounts for 10% to 90% of the volume of the high-temperature reaction gas 2, and can be 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90%.

[0037] (5) After the residual hydrogen-rich gas on the water vapor side of the first oxygen-permeable membrane reactor R1 in step (3) is introduced into the first condenser C1 to separate the condensate, high-purity hydrogen is obtained; the volume concentration of hydrogen in the hydrogen-rich gas is 0-95%, which can be 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, or 95%, preferably 50-80%.

[0038] Preferably, the structure of the first oxygen-permeable membrane reactor R1 and the second oxygen-permeable membrane reactor R2 is selected from one or more of the tube sheet structure and the flat plate structure.

[0039] Specifically, the diameter of the tubes in the tube-plate structure of the oxygen-permeable membrane is 1–20 mm, which can be 1 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, or 20 mm; the membrane thickness is 0.1–5 mm, which can be 0.1 mm, 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, or 5 mm; and the tube spacing is 0.5–5 times the tube diameter, which can be 0.5 times the tube diameter, 1 times the tube diameter, 2 times the tube diameter, 3 times the tube diameter, 4 times the tube diameter, or 5 times the tube diameter. The thickness of the flat plate structure of the oxygen-permeable membrane is 0.1–5 mm, which can be 0.1 mm, 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, or 5 mm; and the membrane spacing is 0.5–25 mm, which can be 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, 20 mm, or 25 mm.

[0040] Specifically, the oxygen-permeable membrane is selected from one or more of the following: single-layer membrane, double-layer membrane, and mixed conductor oxygen-permeable membrane.

[0041] Specifically, the oxygen-permeable membrane is selected from one or more of the following structures: perovskite, fluorite-perovskite, fluorite-metal, and perovskite-metal.

[0042] Specifically, the operating temperature of the first oxygen-permeable membrane reactor R1 and the second oxygen-permeable membrane reactor R2 is 400-1000℃, which can be 400℃, 500℃, 600℃, 700℃, 800℃, 900℃, or 1000℃; the pressure difference across the oxygen-permeable membrane is 0-9MPa, which can be 0MPa, 1MPa, 3MPa, 6MPa, or 9MPa; and the pressure inside the membrane cavity is not lower than the pressure outside the membrane cavity.

[0043] The present invention will be further described below through specific embodiments.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] A method for producing hydrogen using an oxygen-permeable membrane includes the following steps:

[0046] (1) Water vapor is introduced into the second oxygen permeable membrane reactor R2. Oxygen migrates through the oxygen permeable membrane to the oxygen side and reacts with the fuel. The operating temperature of the second oxygen permeable membrane reactor R2 is 900℃, generating high-temperature reaction gas 1.

[0047] (2) Mix the remaining hydrogen-containing gas on the water vapor side of the second oxygen-permeable membrane reactor R2 with the high-temperature reaction gas generated in step (1) to obtain mixed gas 1, and introduce mixed gas 1 into the first oxygen-permeable membrane reactor R1; the volume concentration of hydrogen in the hydrogen-containing gas is 15%.

[0048] (3) Water vapor is introduced into the first oxygen permeable membrane reactor R1. Oxygen migrates to the oxygen side through the oxygen permeable membrane and reacts with mixed gas one. The operating temperature of the first oxygen permeable membrane reactor R1 is 900℃, generating high-temperature reaction gas two.

[0049] (4) 30% of the high-temperature reaction gas 2 obtained in step (3) is discharged from the exhaust gas system, and the other part is introduced into the second oxygen-permeable membrane reactor R2 as circulating gas and mixed with fuel. The circulating gas accounts for 70% of the volume of the high-temperature reaction gas 2.

[0050] (5) The remaining hydrogen-rich gas on the water vapor side of the first oxygen-permeable membrane reactor R1 in step (3) is introduced into the first condenser C1 to separate the condensate, thereby obtaining high-purity hydrogen gas. The volume concentration of hydrogen in the hydrogen-rich gas is 95%.

[0051] Specifically, the oxygen permeable membranes of the first oxygen permeable membrane reactor R1 and the second oxygen permeable membrane reactor R2 are perovskite-metallic double-layer oxygen permeable membranes with a tube sheet structure. The membrane tube diameter is 10 mm, the membrane thickness is 2 mm, the tube spacing is 1.5 times the tube diameter, and the pressure difference on both sides of the oxygen permeable membrane tube is 3 MPa.

[0052] In the embodiments, the condensate can be reused to generate water vapor. The heat required to generate water vapor can be obtained by optimizing the condensation and cooling process of hydrogen-rich gas. The above heat exchange process can be arbitrarily combined and optimized according to the temperature gradient, and is not limited to the heat exchange methods listed.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] A method for producing hydrogen using an oxygen-permeable membrane includes the following steps:

[0055] (1) Water vapor is introduced into the second oxygen permeable membrane reactor R2. Oxygen migrates through the oxygen permeable membrane to the oxygen side and reacts with the fuel. The operating temperature of the second oxygen permeable membrane reactor R2 is 500℃, generating high-temperature reaction gas 1.

[0056] (2) Mix the remaining hydrogen-containing gas on the water vapor side of the second oxygen-permeable membrane reactor R2 with the high-temperature reaction gas generated in step (1) to obtain mixed gas 1, and introduce mixed gas 1 into the first oxygen-permeable membrane reactor R1; the volume concentration of hydrogen in the hydrogen-containing gas is 10%.

[0057] (3) Water vapor is introduced into the first oxygen permeable membrane reactor R1. Oxygen migrates to the oxygen side through the oxygen permeable membrane and reacts with mixed gas one. The operating temperature of the first oxygen permeable membrane reactor R1 is 500℃, generating high-temperature reaction gas two.

[0058] (4) 40% of the high-temperature reaction gas 2 obtained in step (3) is discharged from the exhaust gas system, and the other part is introduced into the second oxygen-permeable membrane reactor R2 as circulating gas and mixed with fuel. The circulating gas accounts for 60% of the volume of the high-temperature reaction gas 2.

[0059] (5) The remaining hydrogen-rich gas on the water vapor side of the first oxygen-permeable membrane reactor R1 in step (3) is introduced into the first condenser C1 to separate the condensate, thereby obtaining high-purity hydrogen gas. The volume concentration of hydrogen in the hydrogen-rich gas is 90%.

[0060] Specifically, the oxygen permeable membranes of the first oxygen permeable membrane reactor R1 and the second oxygen permeable membrane reactor R2 are perovskite-metallic double-layer oxygen permeable membranes with a tube sheet structure. The membrane tube diameter is 5 mm, the membrane thickness is 1 mm, the tube spacing is 1 times the tube diameter, and the pressure difference on both sides of the oxygen permeable membrane tube is 1.5 MPa.

[0061] Example 3

[0062] A method for producing hydrogen using an oxygen-permeable membrane includes the following steps:

[0063] (1) Water vapor is introduced into the second oxygen permeable membrane reactor R2. Oxygen migrates through the oxygen permeable membrane to the oxygen side and reacts with the fuel. The operating temperature of the second oxygen permeable membrane reactor R2 is 750℃, generating high-temperature reaction gas 1.

[0064] (2) Mix the remaining hydrogen-containing gas on the water vapor side of the second oxygen-permeable membrane reactor R2 with the high-temperature reaction gas generated in step (1) to obtain mixed gas 1, and introduce mixed gas 1 into the first oxygen-permeable membrane reactor R1; the volume concentration of hydrogen in the hydrogen-containing gas is 12%.

[0065] (3) Water vapor is introduced into the first oxygen permeable membrane reactor R1. Oxygen migrates to the oxygen side through the oxygen permeable membrane and reacts with mixed gas one. The operating temperature of the first oxygen permeable membrane reactor R1 is 750℃, generating high-temperature reaction gas two.

[0066] (4) 35% of the high-temperature reaction gas 2 obtained in step (3) is discharged from the exhaust gas system, and the other part is introduced into the second oxygen-permeable membrane reactor R2 as circulating gas and mixed with fuel. The circulating gas accounts for 65% of the volume of the high-temperature reaction gas 2.

[0067] (5) The remaining hydrogen-rich gas on the water vapor side of the first oxygen-permeable membrane reactor R1 in step (3) is introduced into the first condenser C1 to separate the condensate, thereby obtaining high-purity hydrogen gas. The volume concentration of hydrogen in the hydrogen-rich gas is 92%.

[0068] Specifically, the oxygen permeable membranes of the first oxygen permeable membrane reactor R1 and the second oxygen permeable membrane reactor R2 are perovskite-metallic double-layer oxygen permeable membranes with a tube sheet structure. The membrane tube diameter is 7 mm, the membrane thickness is 1.5 mm, the tube spacing is 1.2 times the tube diameter, and the pressure difference across the oxygen permeable membrane tube is 2 MPa.

[0069] Comparative Example 1

[0070] A method for producing hydrogen using an oxygen-permeable membrane includes the following steps:

[0071] Water vapor is introduced into the first oxygen-permeable membrane reactor R1. Oxygen migrates through the oxygen-permeable membrane to the oxygen side and reacts with the fuel. The operating temperature of the first oxygen-permeable membrane reactor R1 is 900℃, generating high-temperature reaction gas 1. 30% of the high-temperature reaction gas 1 is discharged from the system, and 70% is used as circulating gas to mix with the fuel. The remaining hydrogen-rich gas with a volume concentration of 95% on the water vapor side of the first oxygen-permeable membrane reactor R1 is introduced into the first condenser C1 to obtain high-purity hydrogen and condensate.

[0072] Specifically, the oxygen permeable membrane of the first oxygen permeable membrane reactor R1 is a perovskite-metallic double-layer oxygen permeable membrane with a tube sheet structure. The membrane tube diameter is 10 mm, the membrane thickness is 2 mm, the tube spacing is 1.5 times the tube diameter, and the pressure difference on both sides of the oxygen permeable membrane tube is 3 MPa.

[0073] The hydrogen production rates and products of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 1. The hydrogen production rate is calculated based on the oxygen permeable membrane area and the water vapor side area.

[0074] Table 1 Hydrogen production rate and products

[0075] <![CDATA[Hydrogen production rate / [mL / (cm 2 ·min)]]]> product Example 1 30 hydrogen Example 2 27.8 hydrogen Example 3 26.5 hydrogen Comparative Example 1 15.6 hydrogen

[0076] As shown in Table 1, the hydrogen production rate of the hydrogen production method used in Examples 1-3 of the present invention is faster than that of Comparative Example 1.

[0077] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for producing hydrogen using an oxygen-permeable membrane, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Water vapor is introduced into the second oxygen-permeable membrane reactor (R2), and oxygen migrates through the oxygen-permeable membrane to the oxygen side to react with the fuel and generate high-temperature reaction gas 1; (2) Mix the remaining hydrogen-containing gas on the water vapor side of the second oxygen-permeable membrane reactor (R2) with the high-temperature reaction gas generated in step (1) to obtain mixed gas one, and introduce mixed gas one into the first oxygen-permeable membrane reactor (R1). (3) Water vapor is introduced into the first oxygen-permeable membrane reactor (R1), and oxygen migrates to the oxygen side through the oxygen-permeable membrane and reacts with mixed gas one to generate high-temperature reaction gas two; (4) A portion of the high-temperature reaction gas obtained in step (3) is used as the exhaust gas discharge system, and the other portion is introduced as the circulating gas into the second oxygen-permeable membrane reactor (R2) and mixed with the fuel; (5) After the remaining hydrogen-rich gas on the steam side of the first oxygen-permeable membrane reactor (R1) in step (3) is introduced into the first condenser (C1) to separate the condensate, high-purity hydrogen is obtained. The circulating gas mentioned in step (4) accounts for 10-90% of the volume of the high-temperature reaction gas.

2. The method for producing hydrogen using an oxygen-permeable membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that, The structure of the first oxygen-permeable membrane reactor (R1) and the second oxygen-permeable membrane reactor (R2) is selected from either a tube sheet structure or a flat plate structure.

3. The method for producing hydrogen using an oxygen-permeable membrane according to claim 2, characterized in that, The tube-plate structure oxygen-permeable membrane has a tube diameter of 1~20mm, a membrane thickness of 0.1~5mm, and a tube spacing of 0.5~5 times the tube diameter; the flat plate structure oxygen-permeable membrane has a membrane thickness of 0.1~5mm and a membrane spacing of 0.5~25mm.

4. The method for producing hydrogen using an oxygen-permeable membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oxygen-permeable membrane is selected from one of the following: single-layer membrane, double-layer membrane, and hybrid conductor oxygen-permeable membrane.

5. The method for producing hydrogen using an oxygen-permeable membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that, The oxygen-permeable membrane is selected from one or more of the following structures: perovskite, fluorite-perovskite, fluorite-metal, and perovskite-metal.

6. The method for producing hydrogen using an oxygen-permeable membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that, The operating temperature of the first oxygen-permeable membrane reactor (R1) and the second oxygen-permeable membrane reactor (R2) is 400~1000℃; the pressure difference across the oxygen-permeable membrane is 0~9MPa, and the pressure inside the membrane cavity is not lower than the pressure outside the membrane cavity.

7. The method for producing hydrogen using an oxygen-permeable membrane according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step (2), the hydrogen volume concentration of the remaining hydrogen-containing gas on the steam side of the second oxygen-permeable membrane reactor (R2) is >0 and ≤40%, and in step (5), the hydrogen volume concentration of the remaining hydrogen-rich gas on the steam side of the first oxygen-permeable membrane reactor (R1) is >0 and ≤95%.

8. The method for producing hydrogen using an oxygen-permeable membrane according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step (2), the hydrogen volume concentration of the remaining hydrogen-containing gas on the steam side of the second oxygen-permeable membrane reactor (R2) is 5~20%, and in step (5), the hydrogen volume concentration of the remaining hydrogen-rich gas on the steam side of the first oxygen-permeable membrane reactor (R1) is 50~80%.

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