A design and construction method for open-type reinforced concrete columns

Abstract

This invention discloses a design and construction method for an open-type reinforced concrete column, relating to the field of concrete pouring construction. During construction, the column reinforcement and concrete are formed in a single operation, reducing construction measures and procedures such as rebar installation, repeated formwork installation and removal, and flared concrete pouring. This saves on the amount of reinforcement and formwork used, reduces work shifts, lowers construction costs, and accelerates construction progress. Simultaneously, it improves the construction quality of the reinforcement and concrete, especially the reinforcement and concrete of end columns. Kyanite and andalusite are added to the concrete raw materials. During combustion, kyanite and andalusite transform into mullite, and the accompanying expansion balances the firing shrinkage of the product, ultimately densifying the matrix. Therefore, the addition of kyanite and andalusite raises the softening point temperature of the product and improves creep resistance, thereby enhancing the physical properties of the reinforced concrete column and increasing its durability and service life during subsequent use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of concrete pouring construction, and in particular to a design and construction method for an open-type reinforced concrete column. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous deepening of modernization, more and more projects are undergoing continuation or renovation. These continuation and renovation projects often involve strengthening the main structure and adjusting the functional layout, potentially leading to increases in building height, number of floors, and consequently, increased loads. Concrete columns, made of concrete, are the most basic load-bearing components in various engineering structures such as houses, bridges, and hydraulic structures. They are commonly used as floor supports, bridge piers, foundation columns, and compression members in towers and trusses. Concrete column construction requires first installing formwork, then pouring concrete into the area enclosed by the formwork, and finally removing the formwork once the concrete has reached a certain strength.

[0003] However, in current technology, electromechanical pipelines are installed using either exposed or concealed methods. Exposed installation means the pipelines are exposed outside the concrete structure, affecting aesthetics; concealed installation means the pipelines are buried inside the concrete structure, which improves the visual effect, but makes it difficult to access and repair the pipelines if quality problems occur. Especially after the pipes reach the end of their lifespan, the water or electricity inside will pose a huge quality and safety hazard to the building structure and the public. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a design and construction method for open-type reinforced concrete columns to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is: an open-type reinforced concrete column, the open-type reinforced concrete column comprising: a C-shaped reinforced concrete column and an H-shaped reinforced concrete column, the H-shaped reinforced concrete column being equivalent to two C-shaped reinforced concrete columns back to back, and electromechanical pipelines being installed at the openings of the C-shaped reinforced concrete column and the H-shaped reinforced concrete column.

[0006] Preferably, the design and construction method of the open-type reinforced concrete column specifically includes the following steps:

[0007] S1: First, perform structural design for the non-end column parts. Based on the structural stress calculation, determine the cross-sectional dimensions (b1×h1), concrete strength grade, and reinforcement of the non-end column parts of the C-type or H-type reinforced concrete columns, and configure closed stirrups and tie hooks separately.

[0008] S2: Design the dimensions of the opening. Based on the dimensions of the electromechanical pipelines and installation requirements, determine the reserved cross-sectional dimensions (b2×h2) for the opening of the C-type or H-type reinforced concrete column:

[0009] S3: Perform dimensional design for the end column section. Calculate and determine the cross-sectional dimensions (b3×h3) of the end column based on the cross-sectional dimensions of the non-end column and the reserved cross-sectional dimensions of the opening.

[0010] S4: Design the concrete strength grade of the end column. The concrete strength grade of the end column should not be higher than that of the non-end column.

[0011] S5: Design the reinforcement of the end column. According to the cross-sectional dimensions (b3×h3) and concrete strength grade of the end column, in accordance with the design specifications, reinforcement is configured on the outside of the end column (the side away from the non-end column) according to the structural requirements, and open stirrups are set. The open end of the stirrup is anchored into the interior of the non-end column.

[0012] S6: Install the reinforcement bars for C-shaped or H-shaped reinforced concrete columns. Before installing the formwork, all the reinforcement bars inside the column should be installed in one go.

[0013] S7: Install C-type or H-type reinforced concrete column partition netting. If the concrete strength grades of the end columns and non-end columns are inconsistent, permanent concrete partitioning measures need to be installed on the boundary line between the end columns and non-end columns.

[0014] S8: Install C-type or H-type reinforced concrete column formwork, and complete the formwork system of the entire column in one go through integrated design and installation and reinforcement.

[0015] S9: Prepare the concrete to be poured by weighing 50-80 parts by weight of polyamide curing agent, 250-350 parts by weight of tailings, 300-400 parts by weight of sand, 150-250 parts by weight of gypsum, 600-800 parts by weight of quicklime, 700-900 parts by weight of cement, 0.20-0.50 parts by weight of aluminum powder, 100-120 parts by weight of andalusite, 100-120 parts by weight of sillimanite, and 80-100 parts by weight of kyanite.

[0016] S10: After weighing the tailings, andalusite, gypsum, sillimanite and kyanite in step S9, mix them well and add them into the inside of the grinding ball mill to start grinding them to obtain reinforced concrete granules A.

[0017] S11: Mix the polyamide curing agent, sand, cement, aluminum powder, quicklime, high silica mud and gypsum weighed in step S9, and then use wet ball milling to obtain the required particle size. Add water to prepare aerated concrete board material slurry B.

[0018] S12: Add the quicklime and cement weighed in step S10 to slurry B, stir and mix, then add aluminum powder and continue stirring until uniform to obtain concrete material.

[0019] S13: Concrete pouring for C-shaped or H-shaped reinforced concrete columns: Use the concrete material prepared in step S12 for pouring. If the concrete strength grade of the end column and the non-end column parts are the same, the pouring can be completed in one go; otherwise, the concrete of the non-end column parts should be poured first, and then the concrete of the end column parts should be poured.

[0020] S14: Remove C-type or H-type reinforced concrete column formwork: The formwork systems of end columns and non-end columns are not distinguished and are all removed at once;

[0021] S15: Perform concrete curing for C-shaped or H-shaped reinforced concrete columns: the concrete at the end columns and non-end columns are cured together without distinction; at this point, the open-type reinforced concrete column is completed, and the entire preparation process can be finished.

[0022] Preferably, in step S3, b3≤(b1-b2)÷2, h3≥h2.

[0023] Preferably, in step S6, the longitudinal reinforcing bars and closed stirrups at the non-end column locations are installed first, and then the longitudinal reinforcing bars and open stirrups at the end column locations are installed.

[0024] Preferably, in step S4, if the concrete strength grade determined according to the structural design differs from the concrete strength grade determined by the design calculation of the non-end column by no more than two strength grades, the concrete strength grade of the non-end column can be used; otherwise, the concrete strength grade should be determined according to the structural requirements to save materials.

[0025] Preferably, in step S6, compared with the secondary construction of the end column, the installation of rebars, especially open-type stirrups, can be avoided during the secondary construction of the end column. This can reduce the amount of rebar used, eliminate the cost of rebar installation, and ensure the quality of rebar connection.

[0026] Preferably, in step S10, the speed of the grinding ball mill is controlled at 800 r / min, the grinding time is 60 min, and the particle size of the grinding ball mill is 100-200 μm.

[0027] Preferably, in step S11, the speed of the ball mill is controlled at 1000 r / min, the pulverization time is 90 min, and the particle size of the ball mill is 100-150 μm.

[0028] Preferably, in step S12, the stirring speed is controlled at 600 r / min, the stirring time is 90 min, and the stirring temperature is controlled at 50-60 min.

[0029] Preferably, in step S13, compared to the secondary construction of the end column, the end column and non-end column are poured in one go, which can better ensure the quality of concrete pouring and vibration, especially improving the quality of concrete at the end column.

[0030] This invention provides an improved method for preparing high-temperature resistant PVC pipes, which, compared with the prior art, has the following improvements and advantages:

[0031] 1. This invention provides an open-type reinforced concrete column, which allows for the installation of electromechanical pipelines through the opening, making it both aesthetically pleasing and practical. In terms of structural design, the core components are calculated according to conventional structural stress calculations, while the added open end column is designed according to structural requirements. In terms of construction, the reinforcement, formwork, and concrete are constructed in a single process, avoiding secondary reinforcement installation, secondary formwork installation and removal, and secondary concrete pouring, while ensuring the quality of the end column concrete. This not only saves materials, energy, and water but also conserves human resources, effectively reducing construction and management costs.

[0032] 2. In this invention, C-shaped or H-shaped reinforced concrete columns are formed by adding end columns to both sides of a traditional rectangular reinforced concrete column (H-shaped is equivalent to two C-shaped columns back-to-back). Using this type of open column achieves both the aesthetic requirements of concealed electromechanical pipelines and facilitates maintenance in case of problems with the pipelines, achieving two goals at once.

[0033] 3. In this invention, the design of the added end columns is based on the dimensions of the electromechanical pipelines, while the concrete strength grade and reinforcement are determined according to structural requirements. For the portion outside the end columns, the concrete strength grade, cross-sectional dimensions, and reinforcement must be determined based on structural stress calculations. During construction, the column reinforcement and concrete are formed in a single operation, reducing construction measures and procedures such as rebar installation, repeated formwork installation and removal, and concrete pouring at flared ends. This saves on the amount of reinforcement and formwork used, reduces work shifts, lowers construction costs, accelerates construction progress, and improves the construction quality of the reinforcement and concrete, especially for the end columns.

[0034] 4. In this invention, kyanite and andalusite are added to the concrete raw materials. During combustion, kyanite and andalusite transform into mullite, and the accompanying expansion balances the firing shrinkage of the product, ultimately densifying the matrix. Therefore, the product with added kyanite and andalusite has a higher softening point temperature and improved creep resistance, thereby enhancing the physical properties of the reinforced concrete column. This prevents it from easily breaking or creeping during use, thus increasing the durability and service life of the aerated reinforced concrete column in subsequent applications. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the process principle of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the appearance of the open-type (H-type) reinforced concrete column of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the appearance of the open-type (C-type) reinforced concrete column of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of column construction and column weight according to the present invention;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the separation measures for concrete of different strength grades according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The present invention will now be described in detail, and the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] This invention provides an open-type reinforced concrete column and its design and construction method through improvements. The technical solution of this invention is as follows:

[0043] refer to Figure 1-5 ,

[0044] Example 1:

[0045] An open-type reinforced concrete column includes a C-shaped reinforced concrete column and an H-shaped reinforced concrete column. The H-shaped reinforced concrete column is equivalent to two C-shaped reinforced concrete columns arranged back to back. Electrical conduits are installed at the openings of the C-shaped and H-shaped reinforced concrete columns.

[0046] The design and construction method for the open-type reinforced concrete column specifically includes the following steps:

[0047] S1: First, perform structural design for the non-end column parts. Based on the structural stress calculation, determine the cross-sectional dimensions, concrete strength grade, and reinforcement of the non-end column parts of the C-type or H-type reinforced concrete columns, and configure closed stirrups and tie hooks separately.

[0048] S2: Design the dimensions of the opening. Based on the dimensions of the electromechanical pipelines and installation requirements, determine the reserved cross-sectional dimensions for the opening of the C-type or H-type reinforced concrete column.

[0049] S3: Perform dimensional design for the end column section. Calculate and determine the cross-sectional dimensions of the end column based on the cross-sectional dimensions of the non-end column and the reserved cross-sectional dimensions of the opening.

[0050] S4: Design the concrete strength grade of the end column. The concrete strength grade of the end column should not be higher than that of the non-end column.

[0051] S5: Design the reinforcement of the end column. According to the cross-sectional dimensions and concrete strength grade of the end column, and in accordance with the design specifications, reinforcement shall be configured on the outside of the end column, i.e. the side away from the non-end column, in accordance with the structural requirements, and open stirrups shall be set, with the open ends of the stirrups anchored into the interior of the non-end column.

[0052] S6: Install the reinforcement bars for C-shaped or H-shaped reinforced concrete columns. Before installing the formwork, all the reinforcement bars inside the column should be installed in one go.

[0053] S7: Install C-type or H-type reinforced concrete column partition netting. If the concrete strength grades of the end columns and non-end columns are inconsistent, permanent concrete partitioning measures need to be installed on the boundary line between the end columns and non-end columns.

[0054] S8: Install C-type or H-type reinforced concrete column formwork, and complete the formwork system of the entire column in one go through integrated design and installation and reinforcement.

[0055] S9: Prepare the concrete to be poured by weighing 50 parts by weight of polyamide curing agent, 250 parts by weight of tailings, 300 parts by weight of sand, 150 parts by weight of gypsum, 600 parts by weight of quicklime, 700 parts by weight of cement, 0.20 parts by weight of aluminum powder, 100 parts by weight of andalusite, 100 parts by weight of sillimanite and 80 parts by weight of kyanite.

[0056] S10: After weighing the tailings, andalusite, gypsum, sillimanite and kyanite in step S9, mix them well and add them into the inside of the grinding ball mill to start grinding them to obtain reinforced concrete granules A.

[0057] S11: Mix the polyamide curing agent, sand, cement, aluminum powder, quicklime, high silica mud and gypsum weighed in step S9, and then use wet ball milling to obtain the required particle size. Add water to prepare aerated concrete board material slurry B.

[0058] S12: Add the quicklime and cement weighed in step S10 to slurry B, stir and mix, then add aluminum powder and continue stirring until uniform to obtain concrete material.

[0059] S13: Concrete pouring for C-shaped or H-shaped reinforced concrete columns: Use the concrete material prepared in step S12 for pouring. If the concrete strength grade of the end column and the non-end column parts are the same, the pouring can be completed in one go; otherwise, the concrete of the non-end column parts should be poured first, and then the concrete of the end column parts should be poured.

[0060] S14: Remove C-type or H-type reinforced concrete column formwork: The formwork systems of end columns and non-end columns are not distinguished and are all removed at once;

[0061] S15: Perform concrete curing for C-shaped or H-shaped reinforced concrete columns: the concrete at the end columns and non-end columns are cured together without distinction; at this point, the open-type reinforced concrete column is completed, and the entire preparation process can be finished.

[0062] In step S3, b3≤(b1-b2)÷2, h3≥h2.

[0063] In step S6, the longitudinal reinforcing bars and closed stirrups of the non-end column parts are installed first, and then the longitudinal reinforcing bars and open stirrups of the end column parts are installed.

[0064] In step S4, if the concrete strength grade determined according to the structural design differs from the concrete strength grade determined by the design calculation of the non-end column by no more than two strength grades, the concrete strength grade of the non-end column can be used; otherwise, the concrete strength grade should be determined according to the structural requirements to save materials.

[0065] In step S6, compared with the secondary construction of the end column, the installation of rebars during the secondary construction of the end column can be avoided, especially the installation of open-type stirrups. This can reduce the amount of rebar used, eliminate the cost of rebar installation, and ensure the quality of rebar connection.

[0066] In step S10, the speed of the ball mill is controlled at 800 r / min, the pulverization time is 60 min, and the particle size of the ball mill is 100-200 μm.

[0067] In step S11, the speed of the ball mill is controlled at 1000 r / min, the pulverization time is 90 min, and the particle size of the ball mill is 100-150 μm.

[0068] In step S12, the stirring speed is controlled at 600 r / min, the stirring time is 90 min, and the stirring temperature is controlled at 50-60 min.

[0069] In step S13, compared with the secondary construction of the end column, the end column and non-end column are poured in one go, which can better ensure the quality of concrete pouring and vibration, especially improving the quality of concrete at the end column.

[0070] This invention provides an open-type reinforced concrete column, which allows for the installation of electromechanical pipelines through the opening, making it both aesthetically pleasing and practical. In terms of structural design, the core components are calculated according to conventional structural stress, while the added open end column is designed according to structural requirements. In terms of construction, the reinforcement, formwork, and concrete are constructed in a single process, avoiding secondary reinforcement installation, secondary formwork installation and removal, and secondary concrete pouring, while ensuring the quality of the end column concrete. This not only saves materials, energy, and water but also conserves human resources, effectively reducing construction and management costs.

[0071] In this invention, C-shaped or H-shaped reinforced concrete columns are formed by adding end columns to both sides of a traditional rectangular reinforced concrete column (H-shaped is equivalent to two C-shaped columns back-to-back). Using this type of open column achieves both the aesthetic requirements of concealed electromechanical pipelines and facilitates maintenance in case of problems with these pipelines, achieving two goals at once.

[0072] In this invention, the design of the added end columns is based on the dimensions of the electromechanical pipelines, while the concrete strength grade and reinforcement are determined according to structural requirements. For the portion outside the end columns, the concrete strength grade, cross-sectional dimensions, and reinforcement must be determined based on structural stress calculations. During construction, the column reinforcement and concrete are formed in a single operation, reducing construction measures and procedures such as rebar installation, repeated formwork installation and removal, and concrete pouring at flared ends. This saves on the amount of reinforcement and formwork used, reduces work shifts, lowers construction costs, accelerates construction progress, and improves the construction quality of the reinforcement and concrete, especially for the end columns.

[0073] In this invention, kyanite and andalusite are added to the concrete raw materials. During combustion, kyanite and andalusite transform into mullite, and their accompanying expansion balances the firing shrinkage of the product, ultimately densifying the matrix. Therefore, the product with added kyanite and andalusite has a higher softening point temperature and improved creep resistance, thereby enhancing the physical properties of the reinforced concrete column. This prevents it from easily breaking or creeping during use, thus increasing the durability and service life of the aerated concrete column in subsequent applications.

[0074] Example 2:

[0075] An open-type reinforced concrete column includes a C-shaped reinforced concrete column and an H-shaped reinforced concrete column. The H-shaped reinforced concrete column is equivalent to two C-shaped reinforced concrete columns arranged back to back. Electrical conduits are installed at the openings of the C-shaped and H-shaped reinforced concrete columns.

[0076] The design and construction method for the open-type reinforced concrete column specifically includes the following steps:

[0077] S1: First, perform structural design for the non-end column parts. Based on the structural stress calculation, determine the cross-sectional dimensions, concrete strength grade, and reinforcement of the non-end column parts of the C-type or H-type reinforced concrete columns, and configure closed stirrups and tie hooks separately.

[0078] S2: Design the dimensions of the opening. Based on the dimensions of the electromechanical pipelines and installation requirements, determine the reserved cross-sectional dimensions for the opening of the C-type or H-type reinforced concrete column.

[0079] S3: Perform dimensional design for the end column section. Calculate and determine the cross-sectional dimensions of the end column based on the cross-sectional dimensions of the non-end column and the reserved cross-sectional dimensions of the opening.

[0080] S4: Design the concrete strength grade of the end column. The concrete strength grade of the end column should not be higher than that of the non-end column.

[0081] S5: Design the reinforcement of the end column. According to the cross-sectional dimensions and concrete strength grade of the end column, and in accordance with the design specifications, reinforcement shall be configured on the outside of the end column, i.e. the side away from the non-end column, in accordance with the structural requirements, and open stirrups shall be set, with the open ends of the stirrups anchored into the interior of the non-end column.

[0082] S6: Install the reinforcement bars for C-shaped or H-shaped reinforced concrete columns. Before installing the formwork, all the reinforcement bars inside the column should be installed in one go.

[0083] S7: Install C-type or H-type reinforced concrete column partition netting. If the concrete strength grades of the end columns and non-end columns are inconsistent, permanent concrete partitioning measures need to be installed on the boundary line between the end columns and non-end columns.

[0084] S8: Install C-type or H-type reinforced concrete column formwork, and complete the formwork system of the entire column in one go through integrated design and installation and reinforcement.

[0085] S9: Prepare the concrete to be poured by weighing 80 parts by weight of polyamide curing agent, 250-350 parts by weight of tailings, 400 parts by weight of sand, 250 parts by weight of gypsum, 800 parts by weight of raw stone, 900 parts by weight of cement, 0.50 parts by weight of aluminum powder, 120 parts by weight of andalusite, 120 parts by weight of sillimanite and 100 parts by weight of kyanite.

[0086] S10: After weighing the tailings, andalusite, gypsum, sillimanite and kyanite in step S9, mix them well and add them into the inside of the grinding ball mill to start grinding them to obtain reinforced concrete granules A.

[0087] S11: Mix the polyamide curing agent, sand, cement, aluminum powder, quicklime, high silica mud and gypsum weighed in step S9, and then use wet ball milling to obtain the required particle size. Add water to prepare aerated concrete board material slurry B.

[0088] S12: Add the quicklime and cement weighed in step S10 to slurry B, stir and mix, then add aluminum powder and continue stirring until uniform to obtain concrete material.

[0089] S13: Concrete pouring for C-shaped or H-shaped reinforced concrete columns: Use the concrete material prepared in step S12 for pouring. If the concrete strength grade of the end column and the non-end column parts are the same, the pouring can be completed in one go; otherwise, the concrete of the non-end column parts should be poured first, and then the concrete of the end column parts should be poured.

[0090] S14: Remove C-type or H-type reinforced concrete column formwork: The formwork systems of end columns and non-end columns are not distinguished and are all removed at once;

[0091] S15: Perform concrete curing for C-shaped or H-shaped reinforced concrete columns: the concrete at the end columns and non-end columns are cured together without distinction; at this point, the open-type reinforced concrete column is completed, and the entire preparation process can be finished.

[0092] In step S3, b3≤(b1-b2)÷2, h3≥h2.

[0093] In step S6, the longitudinal reinforcing bars and closed stirrups of the non-end column parts are installed first, and then the longitudinal reinforcing bars and open stirrups of the end column parts are installed.

[0094] In step S4, if the concrete strength grade determined according to the structural design differs from the concrete strength grade determined by the design calculation of the non-end column by no more than two strength grades, the concrete strength grade of the non-end column can be used; otherwise, the concrete strength grade should be determined according to the structural requirements to save materials.

[0095] In step S6, compared with the secondary construction of the end column, the installation of rebars during the secondary construction of the end column can be avoided, especially the installation of open-type stirrups. This can reduce the amount of rebar used, eliminate the cost of rebar installation, and ensure the quality of rebar connection.

[0096] In step S10, the speed of the ball mill is controlled at 800 r / min, the pulverization time is 60 min, and the particle size of the ball mill is 100-200 μm.

[0097] In step S11, the speed of the ball mill is controlled at 1000 r / min, the pulverization time is 90 min, and the particle size of the ball mill is 100-150 μm.

[0098] In step S12, the stirring speed is controlled at 600 r / min, the stirring time is 90 min, and the stirring temperature is controlled at 50-60 min.

[0099] In step S13, compared with the secondary construction of the end column, the end column and non-end column are poured in one go, which can better ensure the quality of concrete pouring and vibration, especially improving the quality of concrete at the end column.

[0100] This invention provides an open-type reinforced concrete column, which allows for the installation of electromechanical pipelines through the opening, making it both aesthetically pleasing and practical. In terms of structural design, the core components are calculated according to conventional structural stress, while the added open end column is designed according to structural requirements. In terms of construction, the reinforcement, formwork, and concrete are constructed in a single process, avoiding secondary reinforcement installation, secondary formwork installation and removal, and secondary concrete pouring, while ensuring the quality of the end column concrete. This not only saves materials, energy, and water but also conserves human resources, effectively reducing construction and management costs.

[0101] In this invention, C-shaped or H-shaped reinforced concrete columns are formed by adding end columns to both sides of a traditional rectangular reinforced concrete column (H-shaped is equivalent to two C-shaped columns back-to-back). Using this type of open column achieves both the aesthetic requirements of concealed electromechanical pipelines and facilitates maintenance in case of problems with these pipelines, achieving two goals at once.

[0102] In this invention, the design of the added end columns is based on the dimensions of the electromechanical pipelines, while the concrete strength grade and reinforcement are determined according to structural requirements. For the portion outside the end columns, the concrete strength grade, cross-sectional dimensions, and reinforcement must be determined based on structural stress calculations. During construction, the column reinforcement and concrete are formed in a single operation, reducing construction measures and procedures such as rebar installation, repeated formwork installation and removal, and concrete pouring at flared ends. This saves on the amount of reinforcement and formwork used, reduces work shifts, lowers construction costs, accelerates construction progress, and improves the construction quality of the reinforcement and concrete, especially for the end columns.

[0103] In this invention, kyanite and andalusite are added to the concrete raw materials. During combustion, kyanite and andalusite transform into mullite, and their accompanying expansion balances the firing shrinkage of the product, ultimately densifying the matrix. Therefore, the product with added kyanite and andalusite has a higher softening point temperature and improved creep resistance, thereby enhancing the physical properties of the reinforced concrete column. This prevents it from easily breaking or creeping during use, thus increasing the durability and service life of the aerated concrete column in subsequent applications.

[0104] Example 3:

[0105] An open-type reinforced concrete column includes a C-shaped reinforced concrete column and an H-shaped reinforced concrete column. The H-shaped reinforced concrete column is equivalent to two C-shaped reinforced concrete columns arranged back to back. Electrical conduits are installed at the openings of the C-shaped and H-shaped reinforced concrete columns.

[0106] The design and construction method for the open-type reinforced concrete column specifically includes the following steps:

[0107] S1: First, perform structural design for the non-end column parts. Based on the structural stress calculation, determine the cross-sectional dimensions, concrete strength grade, and reinforcement of the non-end column parts of the C-type or H-type reinforced concrete columns, and configure closed stirrups and tie hooks separately.

[0108] S2: Design the dimensions of the opening. Based on the dimensions of the electromechanical pipelines and installation requirements, determine the reserved cross-sectional dimensions for the opening of the C-type or H-type reinforced concrete column.

[0109] S3: Perform dimensional design for the end column section. Calculate and determine the cross-sectional dimensions of the end column based on the cross-sectional dimensions of the non-end column and the reserved cross-sectional dimensions of the opening.

[0110] S4: Design the concrete strength grade of the end column. The concrete strength grade of the end column should not be higher than that of the non-end column.

[0111] S5: Design the reinforcement of the end column. According to the cross-sectional dimensions and concrete strength grade of the end column, and in accordance with the design specifications, reinforcement shall be configured on the outside of the end column, i.e. the side away from the non-end column, in accordance with the structural requirements, and open stirrups shall be set, with the open ends of the stirrups anchored into the interior of the non-end column.

[0112] S6: Install the reinforcement bars for C-shaped or H-shaped reinforced concrete columns. Before installing the formwork, all the reinforcement bars inside the column should be installed in one go.

[0113] S7: Install C-type or H-type reinforced concrete column partition netting. If the concrete strength grades of the end columns and non-end columns are inconsistent, permanent concrete partitioning measures need to be installed on the boundary line between the end columns and non-end columns.

[0114] S8: Install C-type or H-type reinforced concrete column formwork, and complete the formwork system of the entire column in one go through integrated design and installation and reinforcement.

[0115] S9: Prepare the concrete to be poured by weighing 70 parts by weight of polyamide curing agent, 300 parts by weight of tailings, 350 parts by weight of sand, 200 parts by weight of gypsum, 700 parts by weight of raw stone, 800 parts by weight of cement, 0.30 parts by weight of aluminum powder, 110 parts by weight of andalusite, 110 parts by weight of sillimanite and 90 parts by weight of kyanite.

[0116] S10: After weighing the tailings, andalusite, gypsum, sillimanite and kyanite in step S9, mix them well and add them into the inside of the grinding ball mill to start grinding them to obtain reinforced concrete granules A.

[0117] S11: Mix the polyamide curing agent, sand, cement, aluminum powder, quicklime, high silica mud and gypsum weighed in step S9, and then use wet ball milling to obtain the required particle size. Add water to prepare aerated concrete board material slurry B.

[0118] S12: Add the quicklime and cement weighed in step S10 to slurry B, stir and mix, then add aluminum powder and continue stirring until uniform to obtain concrete material.

[0119] S13: Concrete pouring for C-shaped or H-shaped reinforced concrete columns: Use the concrete material prepared in step S12 for pouring. If the concrete strength grade of the end column and the non-end column parts are the same, the pouring can be completed in one go; otherwise, the concrete of the non-end column parts should be poured first, and then the concrete of the end column parts should be poured.

[0120] S14: Remove C-type or H-type reinforced concrete column formwork: The formwork systems of end columns and non-end columns are not distinguished and are all removed at once;

[0121] S15: Perform concrete curing for C-shaped or H-shaped reinforced concrete columns: the concrete at the end columns and non-end columns are cured together without distinction; at this point, the open-type reinforced concrete column is completed, and the entire preparation process can be finished.

[0122] In step S3, b3≤(b1-b2)÷2, h3≥h2.

[0123] In step S6, the longitudinal reinforcing bars and closed stirrups of the non-end column parts are installed first, and then the longitudinal reinforcing bars and open stirrups of the end column parts are installed.

[0124] In step S4, if the concrete strength grade determined according to the structural design differs from the concrete strength grade determined by the design calculation of the non-end column by no more than two strength grades, the concrete strength grade of the non-end column can be used; otherwise, the concrete strength grade should be determined according to the structural requirements to save materials.

[0125] In step S6, compared with the secondary construction of the end column, the installation of rebars during the secondary construction of the end column can be avoided, especially the installation of open-type stirrups. This can reduce the amount of rebar used, eliminate the cost of rebar installation, and ensure the quality of rebar connection.

[0126] In step S10, the speed of the ball mill is controlled at 800 r / min, the pulverization time is 60 min, and the particle size of the ball mill is 100-200 μm.

[0127] In step S11, the speed of the ball mill is controlled at 1000 r / min, the pulverization time is 90 min, and the particle size of the ball mill is 100-150 μm.

[0128] In step S12, the stirring speed is controlled at 600 r / min, the stirring time is 90 min, and the stirring temperature is controlled at 50-60 min.

[0129] In step S13, compared with the secondary construction of the end column, the end column and non-end column are poured in one go, which can better ensure the quality of concrete pouring and vibration, especially improving the quality of concrete at the end column.

[0130] This invention provides an open-type reinforced concrete column, which allows for the installation of electromechanical pipelines through the opening, making it both aesthetically pleasing and practical. In terms of structural design, the core components are calculated according to conventional structural stress, while the added open end column is designed according to structural requirements. In terms of construction, the reinforcement, formwork, and concrete are constructed in a single process, avoiding secondary reinforcement installation, secondary formwork installation and removal, and secondary concrete pouring, while ensuring the quality of the end column concrete. This not only saves materials, energy, and water but also conserves human resources, effectively reducing construction and management costs.

[0131] In this invention, C-shaped or H-shaped reinforced concrete columns are formed by adding end columns to both sides of a traditional rectangular reinforced concrete column (H-shaped is equivalent to two C-shaped columns back-to-back). Using this type of open column achieves both the aesthetic requirements of concealed electromechanical pipelines and facilitates maintenance in case of problems with these pipelines, achieving two goals at once.

[0132] In this invention, the design of the added end columns is based on the dimensions of the electromechanical pipelines, while the concrete strength grade and reinforcement are determined according to structural requirements. For the portion outside the end columns, the concrete strength grade, cross-sectional dimensions, and reinforcement must be determined based on structural stress calculations. During construction, the column reinforcement and concrete are formed in a single operation, reducing construction measures and procedures such as rebar installation, repeated formwork installation and removal, and concrete pouring at flared ends. This saves on the amount of reinforcement and formwork used, reduces work shifts, lowers construction costs, accelerates construction progress, and improves the construction quality of the reinforcement and concrete, especially for the end columns.

[0133] In this invention, kyanite and andalusite are added to the concrete raw materials. During combustion, kyanite and andalusite transform into mullite, and their accompanying expansion balances the firing shrinkage of the product, ultimately densifying the matrix. Therefore, the product with added kyanite and andalusite has a higher softening point temperature and improved creep resistance, thereby enhancing the physical properties of the reinforced concrete column. This prevents it from easily breaking or creeping during use, thus increasing the durability and service life of the aerated concrete column in subsequent applications.

[0134] The foregoing description enables those skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A design and construction method for an open-type reinforced concrete column, characterized in that: The open-type reinforced concrete column includes: C-shaped reinforced concrete column and H-shaped reinforced concrete column. The H-shaped reinforced concrete column is equivalent to two C-shaped reinforced concrete columns back to back. Electrical and mechanical pipelines are installed at the opening of the C-shaped and H-shaped reinforced concrete columns. The design and construction method for the open-type reinforced concrete column specifically includes the following steps: S1: First, perform structural design for the non-end column parts. Based on the structural stress calculation, determine the cross-sectional dimensions, concrete strength grade, and reinforcement of the non-end column parts of the C-type or H-type reinforced concrete columns, and configure closed stirrups and tie hooks separately. S2: Design the dimensions of the opening. Based on the dimensions of the electromechanical pipelines and installation requirements, determine the reserved cross-sectional dimensions for the opening of the C-type or H-type reinforced concrete column. S3: Perform dimensional design for the end column section. Calculate and determine the cross-sectional dimensions of the end column based on the cross-sectional dimensions of the non-end column and the reserved cross-sectional dimensions of the opening. S4: Design the concrete strength grade of the end column. The concrete strength grade of the end column should not be higher than that of the non-end column. S5: Design the reinforcement of the end column. According to the cross-sectional dimensions and concrete strength grade of the end column, and in accordance with the design specifications, reinforcement shall be configured on the outside of the end column, i.e. the side away from the non-end column, in accordance with the structural requirements, and open stirrups shall be set, with the open ends of the stirrups anchored into the interior of the non-end column. S6: Install the reinforcement bars for C-shaped or H-shaped reinforced concrete columns. Before installing the formwork, all the reinforcement bars inside the column should be installed in one go. S7: Install C-type or H-type reinforced concrete column partition netting. If the concrete strength grades of the end columns and non-end columns are inconsistent, permanent concrete partitioning measures need to be installed on the boundary line between the end columns and non-end columns. S8: Install C-type or H-type reinforced concrete column formwork, and complete the formwork system of the entire column in one go through integrated design and installation and reinforcement. S9: Prepare the concrete to be poured by weighing 50-80 parts by weight of polyamide curing agent, 250-350 parts by weight of tailings, 300-400 parts by weight of sand, 150-250 parts by weight of gypsum, 600-800 parts by weight of quicklime, 700-900 parts by weight of cement, 0.20-0.50 parts by weight of aluminum powder, 100-120 parts by weight of andalusite, 100-120 parts by weight of sillimanite, and 80-100 parts by weight of kyanite. S10: After weighing the tailings, andalusite, gypsum, sillimanite and kyanite in step S9, mix them well and add them into the inside of the grinding ball mill to start grinding them to obtain reinforced concrete granules A. S11: Mix the polyamide curing agent, sand, cement, aluminum powder, quicklime, high silica mud and gypsum weighed in step S9, and then use wet ball milling to obtain the required particle size. Add water to prepare aerated concrete board material slurry B. S12: Add the quicklime and cement weighed in step S10 to slurry B, stir and mix, then add aluminum powder and continue stirring until uniform to obtain concrete material. S13: Concrete pouring for C-shaped or H-shaped reinforced concrete columns: Use the concrete material prepared in step S12 for pouring. If the concrete strength grade of the end column and the non-end column parts are the same, the pouring can be completed in one go; otherwise, the concrete of the non-end column parts should be poured first, and then the concrete of the end column parts should be poured. S14: Remove C-type or H-type reinforced concrete column formwork: The formwork systems of end columns and non-end columns are not distinguished and are all removed at once; S15: Perform concrete curing for C-shaped or H-shaped reinforced concrete columns: the concrete at the end columns and non-end columns are cured together without distinction; at this point, the open-type reinforced concrete column is completed, and the entire preparation process can be finished.

2. The design and construction method of an open-type reinforced concrete column according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, b3≤(b1-b2)÷2, h3≥h2.

3. The design and construction method for an open-type reinforced concrete column according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, the longitudinal reinforcing bars and closed stirrups of the non-end column parts are installed first, and then the longitudinal reinforcing bars and open stirrups of the end column parts are installed.

4. The design and construction method of an open-type reinforced concrete column according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, if the concrete strength grade determined according to the structural design differs from the concrete strength grade determined by the design calculation of the non-end column by no more than 2 strength grades, the concrete strength grade of the non-end column shall be adopted; otherwise, the concrete strength grade shall be determined according to the structural requirements in order to save materials.

5. The design and construction method of an open-type reinforced concrete column according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, compared with the secondary construction of the end column, the installation of rebars during the secondary construction of the end column can be avoided, especially the installation of open-type stirrups. This can reduce the amount of rebar used, eliminate the cost of rebar installation, and ensure the quality of rebar connection.

6. The design and construction method of an open-type reinforced concrete column according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S10, the speed of the ball mill is controlled at 800 r / min, the pulverization time is 60 min, and the particle size of the ball mill is 100-200 μm.

7. The design and construction method of an open-type reinforced concrete column according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S11, the speed of the ball mill is controlled at 1000 r / min, the pulverization time is 90 min, and the particle size of the ball mill is 100-150 μm.

8. The design and construction method of an open-type reinforced concrete column according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S12, the stirring speed is controlled at 600 r / min, the stirring time is 90 min, and the stirring temperature is controlled at 50-60 min.

9. The design and construction method of an open-type reinforced concrete column according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S13, compared with the secondary construction of the end column, the end column and non-end column are poured in one go, which can better ensure the quality of concrete pouring and vibration, especially improving the quality of concrete at the end column.

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