A carbon dioxide storage exploration and expansion collaborative integrated system and method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a coordinated integrated system and method for carbon dioxide storage, exploration and expansion. The system comprises the following steps: selecting a target reservoir for carbon dioxide storage: using a multifunctional carbon dioxide injection device as a seismic source to generate seismic waves in a borehole near the surface stratum for seismic exploration, preliminarily determining the location of the target reservoir; then further seismic exploration is performed in the dense cap rock to ultimately select a target reservoir that meets the requirements; injecting carbon dioxide into the target reservoir: using the multifunctional carbon dioxide injection device as an injection device to inject carbon dioxide in a liquefied state into the target reservoir for storage; expanding the target reservoir: using the multifunctional carbon dioxide injection device as a fracturing device to eject high-pressure carbon dioxide gas to impact and fracture the surrounding rock mass, thereby increasing the permeability of the target reservoir and expanding the carbon dioxide reserves; the present invention only requires one system to realize the functions of reservoir site selection, CO2 injection and storage, and reservoir expansion, thereby effectively improving the overall construction efficiency and reducing the storage cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a carbon dioxide storage system and method, specifically a carbon dioxide storage, exploration and storage expansion coordinated integrated system and method, belonging to the field of carbon dioxide storage technology. Background Art

[0002] Carbon capture and storage (CCUS) can effectively reduce the amount of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere. Potential CO2 storage options include underground geological storage, deep-sea storage, and mineral carbonization. Of these, underground geological storage is considered the most viable method.

[0003] Traditional CO2 storage technology faces challenges in reservoir site selection and storage expansion after CO2 injection. Site selection requires comprehensive consideration of geological conditions, reservoir characteristics, and groundwater systems to ensure the safety and stability of the storage system. Regarding storage expansion, since stored CO2 reacts with water molecules in the reservoir pores to form CaCO3, blocking CO2 migration pathways, the permeability and capacity of the existing storage layer must be improved during the storage process to meet the growing storage demand.

[0004] At present, some related technologies and research have made certain progress in the field of carbon dioxide storage. For example, the ground three-dimensional seismic reflection wave method is widely used in site selection, but its application in deep underground and complex geological conditions has the problem of reduced accuracy. In terms of storage expansion, if it is found that the permeability of the existing storage layer is reduced or the capacity is insufficient, the current method is mainly to drill a new well to the new reservoir and continue the CO2 storage work from the new well. Although this method can achieve storage expansion, it requires the construction of a new well, resulting in a significant increase in construction period and cost. In addition, it will waste the storage capacity of the original reservoir. The original reservoir is only blocked due to the reduced permeability of the migration channel, not because there is no storage space. In addition, the existing reservoir site selection, CO2 injection and reservoir expansion require different equipment at each stage, which makes the operation complicated and reduces the overall construction efficiency.

[0005] Therefore, how to provide a new system and method that can realize the functions of reservoir site selection, CO2 injection and storage, and reservoir expansion with only one system, thereby effectively improving the overall construction efficiency. In addition, it can conduct fine detection of reservoir site selection and realize the expansion process by increasing reservoir permeability during reservoir expansion, thereby effectively reducing the construction cost of reservoir expansion. This is one of the research directions of this industry. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In response to the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides an integrated system and method for carbon dioxide storage, exploration and expansion. Only one system is required to realize the functions of reservoir site selection, CO2 injection and storage, and reservoir expansion, thereby effectively improving the overall construction efficiency. In addition, it can conduct detailed detection of reservoir site selection and realize the expansion process by increasing reservoir permeability during reservoir expansion, effectively reducing the construction cost of reservoir expansion.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts a technical solution: a carbon dioxide storage, exploration and expansion coordinated integrated system, including a carbon dioxide storage tank, a chiller, an injection pump, a multifunctional carbon dioxide injection device, a monitoring and control system, multiple geophones and a seismic exploration and processing system.

[0008] The carbon dioxide storage tank is connected to one end of a refrigeration machine, which is used to adjust the temperature and pressure of the carbon dioxide output from the carbon dioxide storage tank, thereby forming liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide; the liquid inlet of the injection pump is connected to the other end of the refrigeration machine, and the liquid outlet of the injection pump is connected to a multifunctional carbon dioxide injection device through a pipeline. The injection pump is used to transport the liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide produced by the refrigeration machine to the multifunctional carbon dioxide injection device through a pipeline and control the delivery pressure. The liquid outlet of the injection pump is equipped with a control valve and a flow meter, the flow meter is used to monitor the flow rate of the injected liquid carbon dioxide, and the control valve is used to control the injection amount; the multiple detectors are arranged on the ground in a row at equal intervals, and each detector is connected to a seismic exploration and processing system, which is used to feed back the monitored seismic waves to the seismic exploration and processing system for analysis and processing to determine the underground geological conditions;

[0009] The multifunctional carbon dioxide injection device includes a housing, a heating device, a first magnetically controlled valve, and a second magnetically controlled valve. The housing is cylindrical, with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet respectively provided at both ends of the housing. The liquid inlet of the housing is connected to the injection pump via a pipeline. A plurality of energy discharge ports are provided on the circumferential surface of the housing, each of which is equipped with a first magnetically controlled valve for controlling the opening and closing of the energy discharge ports. A second magnetically controlled valve is installed near the liquid inlet in the housing for controlling the connection between the liquid inlet and the interior of the housing. The heating device is located inside the housing for heating the liquid carbon dioxide inside the housing. A flow meter is installed near the liquid outlet in the housing for monitoring the flow rate of the liquid carbon dioxide discharged through the liquid outlet.

[0010] The monitoring and control system is on the ground and is connected to the flow meter, heating device, flow meter, first magnetic control valve and second magnetic control valve. It is used to obtain detection data fed back by the flow meter and flow meter, and control the heating device, first magnetic control valve and second magnetic control valve after analysis and processing.

[0011] Furthermore, a wireless transmission module is provided in the housing, and the heating device, the flow meter, the first magnetically controlled valve, and the second magnetically controlled valve all communicate wirelessly with the monitoring and control system via the wireless transmission module. Wireless communication eliminates wiring work and makes use more convenient.

[0012] Furthermore, the monitoring and control system is a computer.

[0013] Furthermore, the detector is a three-component detector. This structure makes the acquired seismic wave data more accurate, ensuring the accuracy of subsequent inversion.

[0014] The working method of the above-mentioned integrated system for carbon dioxide storage, exploration and expansion has the following specific steps:

[0015] S1. Select target reservoir for CO2 storage:

[0016] S1.1. First, a hole is drilled into the near-surface formation, and the bottom of the current hole is in the near-surface formation. The multifunctional carbon dioxide injection device is extended into the hole so that its liquid outlet is at the bottom of the hole. The control valve is opened, and at the same time, the first magnetic control valve is closed and the second magnetic control valve is opened through the monitoring and control system. At this time, the carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage tank is injected into the shell through the refrigeration machine, the injection pump and the pipeline. After a period of time, the second magnetic control valve is controlled to be closed through the monitoring and control system, and at the same time, the heating device is controlled to continuously heat the liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide in the shell. Due to the increase in temperature, the liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide is quickly gasified, causing the carbon dioxide to change its phase and generate a large pressure in the shell, and is ejected through the liquid outlet as high-pressure carbon dioxide gas to the drill. The bottom of the hole is impacted, thereby exciting seismic waves for seismic exploration. Various detectors on the ground receive the reflected wave signals of the excited seismic waves in the underground, and feed the data back to the seismic exploration processing system for inversion. The geological conditions within a certain range around the borehole are obtained through the inversion results, and a target reservoir that meets the requirements is selected according to the principle of carbon dioxide geological storage. The principle of carbon dioxide geological storage is that the upper and lower rock layers of the target reservoir are both dense caprocks; if a target reservoir that meets the requirements can be selected, step S1.2 is entered, otherwise a new location is selected on the ground for drilling, and the process of this step is repeated until a target reservoir that meets the requirements is selected; the carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage tank is pressurized by the collected carbon dioxide gas and injected into the carbon dioxide storage tank for subsequent storage.

[0017] S1.2. Based on the target reservoir selected in step S1.1, the borehole is continued downward until the bottom of the borehole reaches the dense cap rock above the target reservoir. At this time, the seismic wave excitation process in step S1.1 is repeated to conduct seismic exploration again, thereby obtaining the inversion results of this seismic exploration. Based on the inversion results, it can be determined whether there are geological structures in the dense cap rock above the current target reservoir. If geological structures that may leak carbon dioxide are found in the dense cap rock, a new location is selected on the ground and steps S1.1 and S1.2 are repeated until it is determined that there are no geological structures that may leak carbon dioxide in the dense cap rock above the current target coal seam, and the process proceeds to step S2.

[0018] S2. Injecting carbon dioxide into the target reservoir:

[0019] Continue drilling the borehole determined in step S1 until it reaches the target reservoir and drill along the target reservoir. After completion, place the multifunctional carbon dioxide injection device into the borehole and reach the target reservoir, so that the first magnetic control valve is in a closed state and the second magnetic control valve is in an open state. The heating device is in an inoperative state, and the control valve is opened. At this time, liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage tank is injected into the shell through the chiller, the injection pump and the pipeline. The liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide is discharged from the liquid outlet through the shell into the target reservoir. The liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide is vaporized into carbon dioxide gas in the target reservoir and enters the fissures of the target reservoir for storage. An injection rate threshold is set, and the monitoring and control system controls the flow meter to monitor the injection rate of the liquid carbon dioxide in real time. The real-time injection rate is compared with the set threshold. If the real-time injection rate is higher than the threshold, the injection of carbon dioxide into the target reservoir continues. If the real-time injection rate continues to decrease and falls below the set threshold, the process proceeds to step S3.

[0020] S3. Expand the target reservoir:

[0021] By monitoring and controlling the system, the second magnetic control valve is closed to disconnect the shell from the pipeline, and at the same time the first magnetic control valve is opened, and the heating device is controlled to heat the liquid carbon dioxide in the shell, so that the temperature in the shell rises rapidly. Due to the rapid increase in temperature, the liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide is quickly gasified, and the carbon dioxide changes its phase to generate a huge pressure in the shell, and is ejected through the liquid outlet and various energy release ports with high-pressure carbon dioxide gas to impact and fracture the target reservoir around the borehole, thereby increasing the fracture network of the rock around the location of the multifunctional carbon dioxide injection device, completing the increase of the permeability of the target reservoir and the expansion of the second The process of expanding the carbon dioxide reserves; after the heating device cools down to the ambient temperature, continue the process of injecting carbon dioxide into the target reservoir in step S2, and continue to monitor the real-time injection rate through the flow meter. If the real-time injection rate continues to decrease and is lower than the set threshold, repeat this step and expand the target reservoir again. This cycle continues until after a certain expansion, the real-time injection rate of injected carbon dioxide is still lower than the set threshold, indicating that the current reservoir has reached the maximum reserve. The multifunctional carbon dioxide injection device is removed from the borehole and the borehole is sealed, thereby completing the carbon dioxide storage work of the current target reservoir.

[0022] Furthermore, the heating device has a temperature detection function, which can further ensure that the heating device controls the heating temperature more accurately.

[0023] Compared with the existing technology, the present invention combines a carbon dioxide storage tank, a refrigeration machine, an injection pump, a multifunctional carbon dioxide injection device, a monitoring and control system, multiple geophones and a seismic exploration and processing system.

[0024] In the process of selecting the target reservoir for carbon dioxide storage, a multifunctional carbon dioxide injection device is used as a seismic source. Liquid carbon dioxide is injected into the multifunctional carbon dioxide injection device, and the heating device is controlled to heat the liquid carbon dioxide to rapidly vaporize and eject it from the liquid outlet to generate high-pressure gas. The high-pressure gas impacts the bottom of the borehole to generate seismic waves for seismic exploration. At this time, each detector receives the reflected wave and inverts the geological conditions within a certain range around the borehole through the seismic exploration processing system. The target reservoir location is preliminarily determined based on the situation. Then, the drilling continues downward and another seismic exploration process is carried out in the dense caprock to further determine whether there are leakage points in the dense caprock, and finally the target reservoir location that meets the requirements is selected;

[0025] During the process of injecting carbon dioxide into the target reservoir, the multifunctional carbon dioxide injection device serves as the injection device, and the carbon dioxide storage tank injects liquid carbon dioxide into the multifunctional carbon dioxide injection device through a pipeline. At this time, the heating device does not work, and the liquid carbon dioxide is partially vaporized in the multifunctional carbon dioxide injection device and injected into the target reservoir in a liquefied state through the liquid outlet. It is further vaporized in the target reservoir and stored in the fractures.

[0026] During the expansion of the target reservoir, the multifunctional carbon dioxide injection device acts as a fracturing device. The heating device rapidly increases the temperature to rapidly gasify the liquid carbon dioxide inside the multifunctional carbon dioxide injection device, forming high-pressure gas. The high-pressure gas is then ejected through various energy release ports and liquid outlets to impact and fracture the surrounding rock mass, thereby increasing the permeability of the target reservoir and expanding carbon dioxide reserves.

[0027] Through the above-mentioned whole working process of the present invention, it can be known that the present invention only needs one system to realize the functions of reservoir site selection, CO2 injection and storage, and reservoir expansion (that is, the multifunctional carbon dioxide injection device serves as a seismic source, an injection device, and a fracturing device in three stages respectively), thereby effectively improving the overall construction efficiency. In addition, it can carry out fine detection of reservoir site selection and realize the expansion process by increasing the reservoir permeability during reservoir expansion, thereby effectively reducing the construction cost of expansion. Moreover, the three stages can achieve the storage of carbon dioxide by changing the ejection speed and direction of carbon dioxide. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the layout of the system of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the multifunctional carbon dioxide injection device of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 It is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.

[0031] In the figure: 1. Near-surface formation, 2. Tight cap rock, 3. Target reservoir, 4. CO2 storage tank, 5. Chiller, 6. Injection pump, 7. Control valve, 8. Flow meter, 9. Detector, 10. Multifunctional CO2 injection device, 10-1. Liquid inlet, 10-2. Energy release port, 10-3. Liquid outlet, 10-4. First magnetic control valve, 10-5. Second magnetic control valve, 10-6. Heating device, 10-7. Flow meter, 11. Monitoring and control system, 12. Seismic exploration and processing system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The present invention will be further described below.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, a carbon dioxide storage exploration and expansion coordinated integrated system includes a carbon dioxide storage tank 4, a chiller 5, an injection pump 6, a multifunctional carbon dioxide injection device 10, a monitoring and control system 11, multiple geophones 9 and a seismic exploration processing system 12.

[0034] The carbon dioxide storage tank 4 is connected to one end of a refrigeration machine 5, which is used to adjust the temperature and pressure of the carbon dioxide output from the carbon dioxide storage tank 4, thereby forming liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide; the liquid inlet of the injection pump 6 is connected to the other end of the refrigeration machine 5, and the liquid outlet of the injection pump 6 is connected to a multifunctional carbon dioxide injection device 10 through a pipeline. The injection pump 6 is used to transport the liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide produced by the refrigeration machine 5 to the multifunctional carbon dioxide injection device 10 through a pipeline and control the delivery pressure. The liquid outlet of the injection pump 6 is equipped with a control valve 7 and a flow meter 8. The flow meter 8 is used to monitor the flow rate of the injected liquid carbon dioxide, and the control valve 7 is used to control the injection amount; the multiple geophones 9 are arranged on the ground in a row at equal intervals, and each geophone 9 is connected to a seismic exploration and processing system 12, which is used to feed back the monitored seismic waves to the seismic exploration and processing system 12 for analysis and processing to determine the underground geological conditions;

[0035] like Figure 2 As shown, the multifunctional carbon dioxide injection device 10 includes a shell, a heating device 10-6, a first magnetically controlled valve 10-4 and a second magnetically controlled valve 105. The shell is cylindrical, with a liquid inlet 10-1 and a liquid outlet 10-3 respectively provided at both ends of the shell. The liquid inlet 10-1 of the shell is connected to the injection pump 6 through a pipeline. A plurality of energy discharge ports 10-2 are provided on the circumferential surface of the shell, and each energy discharge port 10-2 is equipped with a first magnetically controlled valve 10-4 for controlling the opening and closing of the energy discharge port 10-2; a second magnetically controlled valve 10-5 is installed near the liquid inlet in the shell for controlling the connection and disconnection between the liquid inlet 10-1 and the interior of the shell; the heating device 10-6 is located inside the shell for heating the liquid carbon dioxide inside the shell; a flow meter 10-7 is installed near the liquid outlet 10-3 in the shell for monitoring the flow rate of the liquid carbon dioxide discharged through the liquid outlet 10-3; the heating device 10-6 has a temperature detection function;

[0036] The monitoring and control system 11 is on the ground and is connected to the flow meter 8, the heating device 10-6, the flow meter 10-7, the first magnetic control valve 10-4 and the second magnetic control valve 10-5. It is used to obtain the detection data fed back by the flow meter 8 and the flow meter 10-7, and control the heating device 10-6, the first magnetic control valve 10-4 and the second magnetic control valve 10-5 after analysis and processing; the monitoring and control system 11 is a computer; the detector 9 is a three-component detector.

[0037] As an improvement of the present invention, a wireless transmission module is provided in the shell, and the heating device 10-6, the flow meter 10-7, the first magnetic control valve 10-4 and the second magnetic control valve 10-5 all communicate wirelessly with the monitoring and control system 11 through the wireless transmission module.

[0038] The above-mentioned carbon dioxide storage tank 4, refrigerator 5, injection pump 6, monitoring and control system 11, detector 9, seismic exploration processing system 12, flow meter 8, flow meter 10-7, wireless transmission module, heating device 10-6 and first magnetic control valve 10-4 and second magnetic control valve are all existing equipment or components and can be purchased on the market.

[0039] like Figure 3 As shown, the working method of the above-mentioned integrated system for carbon dioxide storage, exploration and expansion has the following specific steps:

[0040] S1. Select target reservoir 3 for CO2 storage:

[0041] S1.1. First, a hole is drilled into the near-surface formation 1, and the bottom of the current hole is in the near-surface formation 1. The multifunctional carbon dioxide injection device 10 is extended into the hole so that its liquid outlet 10-3 is at the bottom of the hole. The control valve 7 is opened, and at the same time, the first magnetic control valve 10-4 is closed and the second magnetic control valve 10-5 is opened through the monitoring and control system 11. At this time, the carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage tank 4 is injected into the shell through the refrigeration machine 5, the injection pump 6 and the pipeline. After a period of time, the second magnetic control valve 10-5 is controlled to be closed through the monitoring and control system 11, and at the same time, the heating device 10-6 is controlled to continuously heat the liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide in the shell. Due to the increase in temperature, the liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide is quickly gasified, causing the carbon dioxide to change its phase to generate a large pressure in the shell and pass through the liquid outlet 10-3 High-pressure carbon dioxide gas is ejected to impact the bottom of the borehole, thereby stimulating seismic waves for a seismic exploration. The various detectors 9 on the ground receive the reflected wave signals of the stimulated seismic waves in the underground, and feed the data back to the seismic exploration processing system 12 for inversion. The geological conditions within a certain range around the borehole are obtained through the inversion results, and a target reservoir 3 that meets the requirements is selected according to the principle of carbon dioxide geological storage. The principle of carbon dioxide geological storage is that the upper and lower rock layers of the target reservoir 3 are both dense cap rocks 2; if a target reservoir 3 that meets the requirements can be selected, step S1.2 is entered, otherwise a new location is selected on the ground for drilling, and the process of this step is repeated until a target reservoir 3 that meets the requirements is selected; the carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage tank 4 is pressurized by the collected carbon dioxide gas and injected into the carbon dioxide storage tank 4 for subsequent storage.

[0042] S1.2. According to the target reservoir 3 selected in step S1.1, the borehole is continued to be drilled downward until the bottom of the hole reaches the dense cap rock 2 above the target reservoir 3. At this time, the seismic wave excitation process in step S1.1 is repeated to conduct seismic exploration again, so as to obtain the inversion result of this seismic exploration. According to the inversion result, it can be determined whether there is a geological structure in the dense cap rock 2 above the current target reservoir 3. If it is found that there is a geological structure in the dense cap rock 2 that may leak carbon dioxide (such as a fault structure, etc., these geological structures will cause leakage points in the dense cap rock, resulting in carbon dioxide being able to enter the atmosphere from the leakage point after being sealed in the target reservoir, resulting in sealing failure), a new position is selected on the ground, and steps S1.1 and S1.2 are repeated until it is determined that there is no geological structure in the dense cap rock above the current target coal seam that may leak carbon dioxide, and then step S2 is entered;

[0043] S2. Injecting carbon dioxide into target reservoir 3:

[0044] Continue drilling the borehole determined in step S1 until it reaches the target reservoir 3 and drills along the target reservoir 3. After completion, place the multifunctional carbon dioxide injection device 10 into the borehole and into the target reservoir 3, so that the first magnetic control valve 4 is in a closed state and the second magnetic control valve 5 is in an open state; the heating device 10-6 is in an inoperative state, and the control valve 7 is opened. At this time, the liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage tank 4 is injected into the shell at a constant pressure through the refrigeration machine 5, the injection pump 6 and the pipeline. The liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide is discharged from the shell through the liquid outlet 10-3 into the target reservoir 3. The liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide is vaporized into carbon dioxide gas in the target reservoir 3 and enters the fissures of the target reservoir 3 for storage. An injection rate threshold is set, and the monitoring and control system 11 controls the flow meter 10-7 to monitor the injection rate of the liquid carbon dioxide in real time. The real-time injection rate is compared with the set threshold. If the real-time injection rate is higher than the threshold, the injection of carbon dioxide into the target reservoir 3 continues. If the real-time injection rate continues to decrease and falls below the set threshold, the process proceeds to step S3.

[0045] S3. Expand the target reservoir 3:

[0046] The second magnetic control valve 10-5 is closed by the monitoring and control system 11, so that the shell is disconnected from the pipeline. At the same time, the first magnetic control valve 10-4 is opened, and the heating device 10-6 is controlled to heat the liquid carbon dioxide in the shell, so that the temperature in the shell rises rapidly. Due to the rapid increase in temperature, the liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide is quickly gasified, and the carbon dioxide changes its phase to generate a huge pressure in the shell. The high-pressure carbon dioxide gas is ejected through the liquid outlet 10-3 and each energy release port 10-2 to impact and fracture the target reservoir 3 around the borehole, thereby increasing the fracture network of the rock around the location of the multifunctional carbon dioxide injection device 10, completing a process of increasing the permeability of the target reservoir. The process of increasing the carbon dioxide reserves; after the heating device 10-6 cools down to the ambient temperature, the process of injecting carbon dioxide into the target reservoir 3 is continued in step S2, and the real-time injection rate is continuously monitored by the flow meter 10-7. If the real-time injection rate continues to decrease and is lower than the set threshold, this step is repeated to expand the target reservoir 3 again. This cycle is continued until, after a certain expansion, the real-time injection rate of the injected carbon dioxide is still lower than the set threshold, indicating that the current target reservoir 3 has reached the maximum reserve. The multifunctional carbon dioxide injection device is removed from the borehole, and the borehole is sealed, thereby completing the carbon dioxide storage work in the current target reservoir 3.

[0047] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A carbon dioxide storage exploration and expansion coordinated integrated system, characterized by: It includes a carbon dioxide storage tank, a refrigeration machine, a liquid injection pump, a multifunctional carbon dioxide injection device, a monitoring and control system, multiple geophones and a seismic exploration and processing system. The carbon dioxide storage tank is connected to one end of a refrigeration machine, which is used to adjust the temperature and pressure of the carbon dioxide output from the carbon dioxide storage tank, thereby forming liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide; the liquid inlet of the injection pump is connected to the other end of the refrigeration machine, and the liquid outlet of the injection pump is connected to a multifunctional carbon dioxide injection device through a pipeline. The injection pump is used to transport the liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide produced by the refrigeration machine to the multifunctional carbon dioxide injection device through a pipeline and control the delivery pressure. The liquid outlet of the injection pump is equipped with a control valve and a flow meter, the flow meter is used to monitor the flow rate of the injected liquid carbon dioxide, and the control valve is used to control the injection amount; the multiple detectors are arranged on the ground in a row at equal intervals, and each detector is connected to a seismic exploration and processing system, which is used to feed back the monitored seismic waves to the seismic exploration and processing system for analysis and processing to determine the underground geological conditions; The multifunctional carbon dioxide injection device includes a housing, a heating device, a first magnetically controlled valve, and a second magnetically controlled valve. The housing is cylindrical, with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet respectively provided at both ends of the housing. The liquid inlet of the housing is connected to the injection pump via a pipeline. A plurality of energy discharge ports are provided on the circumferential surface of the housing, each of which is equipped with a first magnetically controlled valve for controlling the opening and closing of the energy discharge ports. A second magnetically controlled valve is installed near the liquid inlet in the housing for controlling the connection between the liquid inlet and the interior of the housing. The heating device is located inside the housing for heating the liquid carbon dioxide inside the housing. A flow meter is installed near the liquid outlet in the housing for monitoring the flow rate of the liquid carbon dioxide discharged through the liquid outlet. The monitoring and control system is on the ground and is connected to the flow meter, heating device, flow meter, first magnetic control valve and second magnetic control valve. It is used to obtain detection data fed back by the flow meter and flow meter, and control the heating device, first magnetic control valve and second magnetic control valve after analysis and processing.

2. The integrated system for carbon dioxide storage, exploration and expansion according to claim 1, characterized in that: A wireless transmission module is provided in the shell, and the heating device, the flow meter, the first magnetic control valve and the second magnetic control valve all communicate wirelessly with the monitoring and control system through the wireless transmission module.

3. The integrated system for carbon dioxide storage, exploration and expansion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring and control system is a computer.

4. The integrated system for carbon dioxide storage, exploration and expansion according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detector is a three-component detector.

5. A method for operating the integrated system for carbon dioxide storage, exploration and expansion according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The specific steps are: S1. Select target reservoir for CO2 storage: S1.

1. First, a hole is drilled into the near-surface formation, and the bottom of the current hole is in the near-surface formation. The multifunctional carbon dioxide injection device is extended into the hole so that its liquid outlet is at the bottom of the hole. The control valve is opened, and at the same time, the first magnetic control valve is closed and the second magnetic control valve is opened through the monitoring and control system. At this time, the carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage tank is injected into the shell through the refrigeration machine, the injection pump and the pipeline. After a period of time, the second magnetic control valve (10-5) is controlled to be closed through the monitoring and control system, and at the same time, the heating device (10-6) is controlled to continuously heat the liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide in the shell. Due to the increase in temperature, the liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide is quickly gasified, causing the carbon dioxide to change its phase and produce a relatively large amount of carbon dioxide in the shell. The high pressure is generated, and high-pressure carbon dioxide gas is ejected from the liquid outlet to impact the bottom of the borehole, thereby exciting seismic waves for a seismic exploration. Each detector (9) on the ground receives the reflected wave signal of the excited seismic wave in the underground, and feeds the data back to the seismic exploration processing system for inversion. The geological conditions within a certain range around the borehole are obtained through the inversion result, and a target reservoir (3) that meets the requirements is selected according to the principle of carbon dioxide geological storage. The principle of carbon dioxide geological storage is that the upper and lower rock layers of the target reservoir (3) are both dense caprocks (2); if a target reservoir that meets the requirements can be selected, step S1.2 is entered, otherwise a new location is selected on the ground for drilling, and the process of this step is repeated until a target reservoir that meets the requirements is selected; S1.2, according to the target reservoir (3) selected in step S1.1, the borehole is continued to be drilled downward until the bottom of the hole reaches the dense cap rock (2) above the target reservoir (3). At this time, the process of exciting seismic waves in step S1.1 is repeated to conduct seismic exploration again, thereby obtaining the inversion result of this seismic exploration. According to the inversion result, it can be determined whether there is a geological structure in the dense cap rock (2) above the current target reservoir (3). If it is found that there is a geological structure that may leak carbon dioxide in the dense cap rock, a new position is selected on the ground again, and steps S1.1 and S1.2 are repeated until it is determined that there is no geological structure that may leak carbon dioxide in the dense cap rock above the current target reservoir, and then step S2 is entered; S2. Injecting carbon dioxide into the target reservoir: Continue drilling the borehole determined in step S1, drill it into the target reservoir, and drill along the target reservoir. After completion, place the multifunctional carbon dioxide injection device into the borehole and reach the target reservoir (3), so that the first magnetic control valve is in a closed state and the second magnetic control valve is in an open state; the heating device is in an inoperative state, and the control valve is opened. At this time, the liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide storage tank is injected into the shell through the refrigeration machine, the injection pump and the pipeline, and the liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide is discharged from the liquid outlet through the shell to the target reservoir (3). The liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide is gasified into carbon dioxide gas in the target reservoir and enters the cracks of the target reservoir for storage. Set an injection rate threshold, and the monitoring and control system controls the flow meter (10-7) to monitor the injection rate of the liquid carbon dioxide in real time. The real-time injection rate is compared with the set threshold. If the real-time injection rate is higher than the threshold, continue to inject carbon dioxide into the target reservoir. If the real-time injection rate continues to decrease and is lower than the set threshold, enter step S3. S3. Expand the target reservoir: The second magnetic control valve (10-5) is closed by the monitoring and control system to disconnect the shell from the pipeline, and the first magnetic control valve (10-4) is opened at the same time, and the heating device is controlled to heat the liquid carbon dioxide in the shell, so that the temperature in the shell is rapidly increased. Due to the rapid increase in temperature, the liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide is rapidly gasified, and the carbon dioxide changes its phase to generate a huge pressure in the shell, and the high-pressure carbon dioxide gas is ejected through the liquid outlet and various energy release ports to impact and fracture the target reservoir around the borehole, thereby increasing the fracture network of the rock around the location of the multifunctional carbon dioxide injection device, completing a permeability increase of the target reservoir. permeability and expansion of carbon dioxide reserves; after the heating device is cooled to ambient temperature, the process of injecting carbon dioxide into the target reservoir is continued in step S2, and the real-time injection rate is continuously monitored by the flow meter. If the real-time injection rate continues to decrease and is lower than the set threshold, this step is repeated to expand the target reservoir again. This cycle is continued until, after a certain expansion, the real-time injection rate of injected carbon dioxide is still lower than the set threshold, indicating that the current reservoir has reached the maximum reserve. The multifunctional carbon dioxide injection device is removed from the borehole and the borehole is sealed, thereby completing the carbon dioxide storage work of the current target reservoir.

6. The operating method of the carbon dioxide storage exploration and expansion coordinated integrated system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The heating device has a temperature detection function.

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