A method for breeding high-zinc composite nutritional potato

Abstract

The present invention provides a breeding method for high-zinc composite nutritional potatoes, the method comprising: using Zheda purple-resistant powder potato as the male parent and Dongnong 303 as the female parent, hybridizing to obtain seedlings, planting the seedlings in zinc-rich nutrient soil, selecting plants with higher plant height than the male parent, selecting plants with purple skin and purple flesh, planting their tubers, selecting strains with purple skin and purple flesh and uniform and stable tubers, selecting high-zinc asexual plants, planting their tubers, selecting high-zinc and high-anthocyanin asexual plants S3; planting their tubers, selecting high-zinc, high-anthocyanin and high-resistant starch asexual plants S4; planting their tubers, selecting high-zinc, high-anthocyanin, and high-resistant starch strains, and obtaining high-zinc composite nutritional potatoes. The present invention can not only obtain high-zinc, high-anthocyanin and high-resistant starch potatoes, but also significantly reduce the breeding population, has the technical advantages of saving labor and cost, and achieves the advantages of better and more efficient breeding.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of potato breeding, and in particular to a breeding method for high-zinc composite nutrition potatoes. Background Art

[0002] Deficiencies in micronutrients, such as vitamins and minerals, are currently a hot topic in public nutrition worldwide. Zinc deficiency affects approximately 38% of pregnant women and 43% of preschoolers worldwide, and approximately 165 million children worldwide experience cognitive and physical developmental challenges due to growth retardation. Anthocyanins, a type of bioflavonoid, are recognized as the most effective natural antioxidant for scavenging free radicals in the human body. Resistant starch (RS) is a general term for starch and its degradation products that are difficult to digest and absorb in the healthy small intestine. It has many important physiological functions, including lowering blood sugar and lipids, controlling weight, and promoting intestinal health. Generally, fresh potatoes contain high levels of resistant starch (RS2) before cooking, but lower levels of resistant starch (RS3) after cooking. The market is in need of new, practical, fresh potato varieties with high levels of resistant starch.

[0003] Based on the pursuit of high yield, high quality and disease resistance in classical crop breeding, functional crops pay more attention to improving nutritional and economic value. They not only carry the mission of ensuring people's nutrition and health, but also shoulder the mission of upgrading traditional "food crops" to "food and economic crops".

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a breeding method for high-zinc composite nutritional potatoes to promote the potential of potato staple food consumption and food innovation, which will help increase added value and innovate functional foods. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a method for breeding high-zinc composite nutritional potatoes, which can not only obtain high-zinc, high-anthocyanin and high-resistant starch potatoes, but also significantly reduce the breeding population, has the technical advantages of saving labor and cost, and achieves the advantages of better and more efficient breeding.

[0006] The specific technical solutions are as follows:

[0007] A method for breeding high-zinc composite nutritional potatoes comprises the following steps:

[0008] (1) Using ZJU purple-resistant powder potato as the male parent and Dongnong 303 as the female parent, hybridization was performed to obtain F1 generation seedlings;

[0009] (2) After the F1 generation seedlings are raised in a greenhouse, they are planted in zinc-rich nutrient soil, and plants with a plant height higher than that of the male parent in step (1) are selected. After harvesting the tubers, tubers with purple skin and purple flesh are selected to obtain S1 generation seed potatoes;

[0010] (3) Planting the S1 generation, selecting tubers with purple skin and purple flesh that are uniformly homozygous and stable, and selecting high-zinc asexual plants among them to obtain S2 generation seed potatoes;

[0011] (4) Planting the S2 generation, selecting clones with high zinc and high anthocyanin content, and obtaining the S3 generation seed potatoes;

[0012] (5) Planting the S3 generation, selecting clones with high zinc, high anthocyanin, and high resistant starch, and obtaining the S4 generation seed potatoes;

[0013] (6) Plant the S4 generation, select strains with high zinc, high anthocyanin, and high resistant starch, and breed high zinc complex nutrition potatoes.

[0014] Among them, Zhejiang University Purple Resistant Flour Potato is a new purple potato variety bred by Zhejiang University with high resistant starch content in both raw and cooked potatoes. It is suitable for both fresh consumption (high RS3) and processing (high RS2). The university has applied to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs for protection of new plant variety rights (variety right application number 20221002296). For details, please see the Announcement on Protection of New Plant Varieties on November 1, 2022. It can be purchased from the Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Zhejiang University.

[0015] Dongnong 303 is a potato variety bred by Northeast Agricultural University. Its yellow skin and flesh make it excellent when steamed, and its starch is high-quality, making it suitable for food processing. It can be purchased from Northeast Agricultural University or at the market.

[0016] Furthermore, in step (2), the zinc-rich nutrient soil is cultivation soil added with a zinc sulfate aqueous solution; the concentration of zinc in the zinc sulfate aqueous solution is 0.8 to 1.2 mg / kg, and the zinc sulfate aqueous solution is added within 18 to 22 days after the seeds are sown and germinated.

[0017] Furthermore, in step (2), the plant height is measured 28 to 30 days after the addition of the zinc sulfate aqueous solution; the criterion for judging whether the plant height is higher than that of the father plant is that the offspring plant height is extremely significantly higher than that of the father plant height at the 0.01% level.

[0018] Furthermore, in steps (3) to (6), the zinc content in the plants ≥ 30 mg / kg is used as the criterion for selecting high-zinc asexual plants.

[0019] Furthermore, in steps (3) to (6), anthocyanin content in the plants ≥ 2.0 mg / g is used as the criterion for selecting high anthocyanin clone plants.

[0020] Furthermore, in steps (3) to (6), the resistant starch content in the plants ≥ 4.5% is used as the criterion for selecting high-resistant starch asexual plants.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] (1) The present invention is based on potatoes with multiple nutritional traits with high zinc as the core, and has formulated targeted breeding strategies and selection priorities. That is, on the basis of ensuring high zinc content, high anthocyanin and resistant starch content are selected. In particular, efficient appearance identification is used for initial screening of zinc and anthocyanin, which significantly reduces the breeding population and has the technical advantage of saving labor and cost.

[0023] (2) The potatoes obtained by the present invention have the multi-nutritional complex characteristics of high zinc, high anthocyanin and high resistant starch, achieving better and more efficient breeding, which is related to its specific selection of two potato parents. It is suitable for the development of high-zinc infant and children's products and is also suitable for consumption by people with diabetes and hyperlipidemia.

[0024] (3) The high-zinc nutritional composite potato obtained by the present invention has a high content of the beneficial element zinc and achieves a lower content of heavy metals by utilizing the antagonistic effect of zinc. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] Study on the response of potato varieties Zheda Zikangfenshu and Dongnong 303 to different zinc concentrations in plant height

[0028] Using two cultivars, Zheda Purple Anti-Flour Potato and Dongnong 303, with significantly different zinc content, as test tube seedlings, the experiment involved adding different gradients of ZnSO₄·7H₂O to the soil 15 days after virus-free seedlings were transplanted. The concentrations ranged from 0 mg / kg to 0.2 mg / kg, 0.4 mg / kg, 0.6 mg / kg, 0.80 mg / kg, 1.0 mg / kg, and 1.2 mg / kg. Plant height measurements after 20 days revealed significant differences in the sensitivity of the two cultivars to exogenous zinc nutrition, due to their inherent zinc-rich properties. The medium-to-low zinc cultivar, Zheda Purple Anti-Flour Potato, performed normally at a zinc concentration of 0.4 mg / kg, showed some growth inhibition at 0.6 mg / kg, and significantly and severely suppressed plant height at 0.80 mg / kg. In contrast, the zinc-rich cultivar, Dongnong 303, maintained normal growth at this concentration, but only experienced severe growth inhibition at 1.2 mg / kg. Therefore, the sensitivity of cultivars to zinc can be used to conduct early screening of potato plants for zinc-rich conditions, improving efficiency and saving labor and costs.

[0029] Table 1 Plant height response of ZJU Zikang Fenshu and Dongnong 303 to different zinc concentrations

[0030]

[0031] Note: * and ** indicate significant differences compared with the untreated control at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] A method for breeding high-zinc composite nutritional potatoes, comprising the following steps:

[0034] (1) Using ZJU purple-resistant powder potato as the male parent and Dongnong 303 as the female parent, hybridization was performed to obtain F1 generation seedlings;

[0035] (2) After the F1 generation seedlings are raised in a greenhouse, they are planted in zinc-rich nutrient soil, and plants with a plant height higher than that of the male parent in step (1) are selected. After harvesting the tubers, tubers with purple skin and purple flesh are selected to obtain S1 generation seed potatoes;

[0036] The zinc-rich nutrient soil is cultivation soil added with a zinc sulfate aqueous solution; the zinc concentration in the zinc sulfate aqueous solution is 0.8 to 1.2 mg / kg, and the zinc sulfate aqueous solution is added within 18 to 22 days after seed sowing and germination; the plant height is measured 28 to 30 days after the zinc sulfate aqueous solution is added; and the criterion for judging whether the plant height is higher than that of the father plant is that the offspring plant height is extremely significantly higher than that of the father plant height at the 0.01% level.

[0037] (3) Planting the S1 generation, selecting tubers with purple skin and purple flesh that are uniformly homozygous and stable, and selecting high-zinc asexual plants among them to obtain S2 generation seed potatoes;

[0038] The zinc content in the plants ≥30 mg / kg was used as the criterion for selecting high zinc asexual plants.

[0039] (4) Planting the S2 generation, selecting clones with high zinc and high anthocyanin content, and obtaining the S3 generation seed potatoes;

[0040] The zinc content ≥30 mg / kg and the anthocyanin content ≥2.0 mg / g in the plants were used as the criteria for selecting high zinc and high anthocyanin asexual plants.

[0041] (5) Planting the S3 generation, selecting clones with high zinc, high anthocyanin, and high resistant starch, and obtaining the S4 generation seed potatoes;

[0042] The zinc content ≥30 mg / kg, anthocyanin content ≥2.0 mg / g, and resistant starch content ≥4.5% in the plants were used as the criteria for selecting high zinc, high anthocyanin, and high resistant starch asexual plants.

[0043] (6) Planting the S4 generation, selecting strains with high zinc, high anthocyanin, and high resistant starch, and breeding high-zinc composite nutritional potatoes, initially named "Duozi potato";

[0044] The zinc content ≥30 mg / kg, anthocyanin content ≥2.0 mg / g, and resistant starch content ≥4.5% in the plants were used as the criteria for selecting high zinc, high anthocyanin, and high resistant starch asexual plants.

[0045] The evaluation criteria for high zinc, high anthocyanin and high resistant starch asexual plants were zinc ≥ 30 mg / kg, anthocyanin ≥ 2.0 mg / g and resistant starch ≥ 4.5%, respectively.

[0046] A comparison of zinc, anthocyanin, resistant starch RS3, and heavy metal cadmium in various varieties is shown in Table 2. The determination methods of the various indicators in Table 2 are as follows: zinc, see: GB / T5009.14-2003; anthocyanin, see: GB / T 22244-2008 Determination of anthocyanins in health foods; resistant starch (RS3) in cooked potatoes, see: DB23 / T 1245-2008.

[0047] Comparative testing revealed that the bred "Duozi Potato" contained 36.4 mg / kg of zinc, 2.35 mg / g of anthocyanins, 4.8% of RS3 resistant starch, and 0.02 mg / kg of cadmium. Resistant starch levels were comparable to those of its higher-content parent, the Zhejiang University Purple Resistant Starch Potato, with no significant difference. Zinc and anthocyanin levels were slightly higher than those of the higher-content parent, but neither reached a significant difference. Cadmium levels, the harmful heavy metal, were significantly lower than those of both parents, likely due to the high levels of zinc and anthocyanins, particularly the antagonistic effects of zinc. In terms of fresh-eating quality, the "Duozi Potato" exhibited superior quality, exhibiting a softer, more glutinous texture. This is attributed to its significantly lower amylose content of 26.8%, significantly lower than that of its parents.

[0048] Table 2 Comparison of various traits of “Duozishu” hybridized with ZJU purple-resistant starchy potato and Dongnong 303

[0049]

[0050]

[0051] Note: * indicates extremely significant difference compared with ZJU Purple Anti-Fenshu at 0.05 level

[0052] Therefore, the new "Duozi Potato," a high-zinc, multi-nutrient potato variety bred by this invention, boasts superior functionality across multiple nutritional components, making it suitable for product development for infants and young children with high zinc needs, as well as those with diabetes and hyperlipidemia. This will help boost the potential of potato staple food consumption and promote food innovation. Furthermore, and importantly, this new potato variety, high in the beneficial element zinc and low in the heavy metal cadmium, aligns with the future development direction of nutritionally safe agricultural products.

Claims

1. A method for breeding high-zinc composite nutritional potatoes, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Using ZJU purple-resistant powder potato as the male parent and Dongnong 303 as the female parent, hybridization was performed to obtain F1 generation seedlings; (2) After the F1 generation seedlings are raised in a greenhouse, they are planted in zinc-rich nutrient soil, and plants with a plant height higher than the male parent in step (1) are selected. After harvesting the tubers, tubers with purple skin and purple flesh are selected to obtain S1 generation seed potatoes; (3) Planting the S1 generation, selecting tubers with purple skin and purple flesh that are uniformly homozygous and stable, and selecting high-zinc asexual plants to obtain S2 generation seed potatoes; (4) Planting the S2 generation, selecting clones with high zinc and high anthocyanin content, and obtaining the S3 generation seed potatoes; (5) Planting the S3 generation, selecting clones with high zinc, high anthocyanin, and high resistant starch, and obtaining the S4 generation seed potatoes; (6) Planting the S4 generation, selecting strains with high zinc, high anthocyanin, and high resistant starch, and breeding high zinc composite nutrition potatoes; In steps (3) to (6), the zinc content in the plants ≥30 mg / kg is used as the criterion for selecting high-zinc asexual plants.

2. The method for breeding high-zinc composite nutritional potatoes according to claim 1, wherein: In step (2), the zinc-rich nutrient soil is cultivation soil added with a zinc sulfate aqueous solution; the concentration of zinc in the zinc sulfate aqueous solution is 0.8-1.2 mg / kg, and the zinc sulfate aqueous solution is added within 18-22 days after the seeds are sown and germinated.

3. The breeding method for high-zinc composite nutritional potato according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the plant height is measured 28 to 30 days after the addition of the zinc sulfate aqueous solution; the criterion for judging whether the plant height is higher than that of the father plant is that the offspring plant height is extremely significantly higher than that of the father plant height.

4. The method for breeding high-zinc composite nutritional potatoes according to claim 1, wherein: In steps (4) to (6), the anthocyanin content in the plant ≥2.0 mg / g is used as the criterion for selecting high anthocyanin asexual plants.

5. The breeding method for high-zinc composite nutritional potato according to claim 1, wherein: In steps (5) to (6), the resistant starch RS3 content in the plants ≥ 4.5% is used as the criterion for selecting high-resistant starch asexual plants.

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