An aluminum matrix composite and a method for producing the same

Abstract

The application relates to an aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of aluminum-based composite materials. The main technical scheme is as follows: the preparation method of the aluminum-based composite material comprises the following steps: 1) mixing an aluminum matrix powder and metatitanic acid to obtain first mixed powder; performing first ball milling treatment on the first mixed powder to obtain powder after the first ball milling treatment; 2) adding SiC particles and nano TiO2 particles into the powder after the first ball milling treatment to obtain second mixed powder, and performing second ball milling treatment on the second mixed powder to obtain powder after the second ball milling treatment; and 3) performing powder metallurgy sintering treatment on the powder after the second ball milling treatment to obtain an aluminum-based composite material blank. The application mainly aims at preparing a wear-resistant aluminum-based composite material with excellent high-temperature strength, and the wear-resistant aluminum-based composite material can be used as a wear-resistant material at high temperatures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aluminum-based composite materials technology, and in particular to an aluminum-based composite material and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Aluminum-based materials are important lightweight materials, playing an irreplaceable role in defense, aerospace, and rail transportation. With the rapid development of industry, various fields are placing higher demands on the high-temperature resistance and wear resistance of materials.

[0003] Adding ceramic particles such as SiC to an aluminum matrix to prepare SiC / Al composites can improve the wear resistance of the material. However, at high friction speeds, the material experiences a dramatic temperature rise, leading to a decrease in strength and a significant reduction in wear resistance. While silicon carbide particles can improve wear resistance, their effect on strengthening at high temperatures is extremely limited. Therefore, SiC / Al composites are not suitable for wear-resistant applications at high temperatures.

[0004] While adding SiC particles to heat-resistant aluminum alloys such as Al-Cu and Al-Si can produce wear-resistant materials with certain high-temperature resistance, the heat resistance of these alloys is limited, and their strength deteriorates sharply above 200°C, resulting in very limited high-temperature resistance of the resulting materials.

[0005] In summary, there is an urgent need for a high-temperature resistant and wear-resistant aluminum-based composite material. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the present invention provides an aluminum-based composite material and its preparation method, the main purpose of which is to prepare an aluminum-based composite material that is resistant to high temperature and wear.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention mainly provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] On one hand, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material, which includes the following steps:

[0009] 1) Mix aluminum matrix powder and metatitanic acid to obtain a first mixed powder; subject the first mixed powder to a first ball milling process to obtain a powder after the first ball milling process;

[0010] 2) Add SiC particles and nano TiO2 particles to the powder after the first ball milling treatment to obtain a second mixed powder, and perform a second ball milling treatment on the second mixed powder to obtain the powder after the second ball milling treatment.

[0011] 3) The powder after the second ball milling treatment is subjected to powder metallurgy sintering treatment to obtain an aluminum-based composite material blank.

[0012] Preferably, in the step 1), the aluminum matrix powder is selected from aluminum powder or aluminum alloy powder; and / or the particle size of the aluminum matrix powder is 1-25 μm; and / or in the first mixed powder, the mass fraction of metatitanic acid is 2-15%.

[0013] Preferably, in the step 1), the process parameters of the first ball milling treatment are as follows: the rotating speed is 150-500 rpm / min, the ball-to-material weight ratio is (10-30):1, and the ball milling time is 1-5 h.

[0014] Preferably, the particle size of the powder after the first ball milling treatment is 5-60 μm.

[0015] Preferably, in the step 2), the particle size of the SiC particles is 5-50 μm; and / or in the second mixed powder, the mass fraction of the SiC particles is 5-25%.

[0016] Preferably, in the step 2), the particle size of the TiO2 particles is 0.01-200 nm; and / or in the second mixed powder, the mass fraction of the TiO2 particles is 0.5-2%.

[0017] Preferably, in the step 2), the process parameters of the second ball milling treatment are as follows: the rotating speed is 150-500 rpm / min, the ball-to-material weight ratio is (10-30):1, and the ball milling time is 0.5-2 h.

[0018] Preferably, in the step 3), the powder metallurgy sintering treatment is any one of hot-press sintering, cold isostatic sintering, hot isostatic sintering, extrusion sintering and discharge ion beam sintering under an atmosphere or vacuum condition; and the sintering temperature is 600-665 ℃.

[0019] Preferably, the preparation method further comprises the following steps:

[0020] 4) performing plastic deformation processing on the aluminum matrix composite blank to obtain an aluminum matrix composite part.

[0021] In still another aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide an aluminum matrix composite, characterized in that the aluminum matrix composite is prepared by the preparation method of the aluminum matrix composite according to any one of the above embodiments. Preferably, the aluminum matrix composite comprises an aluminum matrix and a strengthening phase; preferably, the strengthening phase comprises SiC, Al3Ti and Al2O3; further preferably, the particle size of Al2O3 is less than 30 nm, the particle size of Al3Ti is less than 200 nm, and the particle size of SiC is micron grade and nanometer grade.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the aluminum matrix composite and the preparation method thereof have at least the following advantages

[0023] Advantages:

[0024] The preparation method of the aluminum-based composite material provided by the embodiment of the present application mainly comprises the following steps: 1) mixing an aluminum matrix powder and metatitanic acid to obtain a first mixed powder; performing first ball milling treatment on the first mixed powder to obtain a powder after the first ball milling treatment; 2) adding SiC particles and nano-TiO2 particles to the powder after the first ball milling treatment to obtain a second mixed powder, and performing second ball milling treatment on the second mixed powder to obtain a powder after the second ball milling treatment; and 3) performing powder metallurgy sintering treatment on the powder after the second ball milling treatment to obtain an aluminum-based composite material blank. Through the design of the above steps: (1) the metatitanic acid is introduced into the raw material for preparing the aluminum-based composite material for the first time in the process, and the metatitanic acid particles are easily refined in the ball milling process, and after being uniformly dispersed, Al2O3 and Al3Ti particles with smaller sizes can be generated, which can significantly improve the high-temperature strength of the material. (2) SiC is used as a strengthening phase for improving the wear resistance of the material, and the integrity of SiC is crucial to the wear resistance of the material. In this embodiment, SiC is added after the first ball milling treatment to avoid damage to the SiC particles in the ball milling process on the premise that the metatitanic acid is fully and uniformly mixed, thereby ensuring the wear resistance of the material. (3) The nano-TiO2 particles can significantly aggravate the cold welding process in the ball milling process, rapidly coarsen the powder, facilitate the subsequent powder metallurgy sintering process, and improve the safety of the ball milling process. If the nano-TiO2 particles are added before the first ball milling treatment, the powder at the end of the process will be rapidly coarsened, and if SiC particles are added to the coarsened aluminum powder, it will be difficult to uniformly mix the SiC particles. Therefore, the nano-TiO2 particles and the SiC particles are added together after the first ball milling treatment, which can fully coarsen the powder through cold welding and avoid the difficulty in uniformly dispersing the SiC particles due to the large size of the aluminum powder. In summary, the synergistic effect of the raw materials and the feeding sequence in the above steps successfully prepares the wear-resistant aluminum-based composite material with excellent high-temperature strength through a simple process.

[0025] The aluminum-based composite material prepared by the present application has excellent mechanical properties at high temperatures, such as a strength of 200 MPa or more at 350℃, which is 160 MPa or more higher than the strength of aluminum alloy, high preparation efficiency, safe and non-flammable powder, easy sintering, simple preparation process, large-scale industrial preparation, high strength and plasticity, and good formability and processability. In summary, the present application prepares the wear-resistant aluminum-based composite material with excellent high-temperature strength, which can be used as a wear-resistant material at high temperatures.

[0026] The above description is only a summary of the technical solutions of the present application, in order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, and the content of the specification can be implemented as follows. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] To further clarify the technical means and effects taken by the present application to achieve the intended purpose, the following describes the specific embodiments, structures, features and effects according to the present application in conjunction with preferred embodiments. In the following description, different "an embodiment" or "embodiments" do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, specific features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments can be combined in any suitable form.

[0028] The present application is mainly used for preparing an aluminum-based composite material with high-temperature resistance and wear resistance. Specifically, metatitanic acid is fully refined by high-energy ball milling and mixed uniformly with aluminum matrix powder, and then nano-TiO2 particles and SiC particles are added. The nano-TiO2 particles can accelerate the cold welding process of ball milling, and large-size powder is quickly obtained to help sintering. The SiC particles can improve the wear resistance of the material. During hot pressing, both metatitanic acid and nano-TiO2 particles can react with the aluminum matrix to form Al2O3 and Al3Ti particles, which can significantly improve the high-temperature strength of the material, thereby solving the problem of existing SiC / Al composite materials not being resistant to high temperature. Finally, the prepared aluminum-based composite material has excellent high-temperature resistance and wear resistance.

[0029] The technical solution of the present application is mainly as follows:

[0030] On the one hand, the preparation method of the aluminum-based composite material of the present application mainly includes the following steps:

[0031] Step 1) Mix aluminum matrix powder and metatitanic acid to obtain a first mixed powder. The first mixed powder is subjected to a first ball milling treatment to obtain a powder after the first ball milling treatment.

[0032] The aluminum matrix powder is selected from aluminum powder (pure aluminum powder) or aluminum alloy powder. The particle size of the aluminum matrix powder is 1-25 μm. In the first mixed powder, the mass fraction of metatitanic acid is 2-15%. The process parameters of the first ball milling treatment are as follows: rotation speed is 150-500 rpm / min, ball-to-material weight ratio is (10-30):1, and ball milling time is 1-5 h. The particle size of the powder after the first ball milling treatment is 5-60 μm.

[0033] Step 2) Add SiC particles and nano-TiO2 particles to the powder after the first ball milling treatment to obtain a second mixed powder. The second mixed powder is subjected to a second ball milling treatment to obtain a powder after the second ball milling treatment.

[0034] The particle size of the SiC particles is 5-50 μm. In the second mixed powder, the mass fraction of the SiC particles is 5-25%. The particle size of the TiO2 particles is 0.01-200 nm. In the second mixed powder, the mass fraction of the TiO2 particles is 0.5-2%. The process parameters of the second ball milling treatment are as follows: the rotation speed is 150-500 rpm / min, the ball-to-material weight ratio is (10-30):1, and the ball milling time is 0.5-2 h.

[0035] Step 3) performing a powder metallurgy sintering treatment on the powder after the second ball milling treatment to obtain an aluminum-based composite material blank (bulk material).

[0036] The powder metallurgy sintering treatment is any one of hot-press sintering, cold isostatic pressing sintering, hot isostatic pressing sintering, extrusion sintering, and discharge ion beam sintering under an atmosphere or vacuum condition; and the sintering temperature is 600-665 ℃.

[0037] Preferably, the method for preparing the aluminum-based composite material further comprises the following steps:

[0038] Step 4) performing plastic deformation processing (such as forging, rolling or extrusion plastic deformation processing) on the aluminum-based composite material blank to obtain an aluminum-based composite material piece.

[0039] Here, the above scheme is described as follows:

[0040] 1. The integrity of SiC as a strengthening phase for improving the wear resistance of the material is crucial to the wear resistance of the material. Here, the present application adds SiC after the first ball milling treatment to avoid damage to the SiC particles in the ball milling under the premise of sufficient and uniform mixing of metatitanic acid, thereby ensuring the wear resistance of the material.

[0041] 2. Compared with TiO2 particles, metatitanic acid particles are easily refined in the ball milling process, and after uniform dispersion, Al2O3 and Al3Ti particles with smaller sizes can be generated, which can significantly improve the high-temperature strength of the material. TiO2 particles cannot be refined in the ball milling process. Therefore, if TiO2 particles are used to obtain fine Al2O3 and Al3Ti particles, the initial TiO2 particle size needs to be reduced, but if the content of TiO2 particles is high, the cost will be significantly increased.

[0042] 3. Nano-TiO2 particles can significantly exacerbate the cold welding process in the ball milling, which can quickly coarsen the powder, facilitate the subsequent powder metallurgy sintering process, and improve the safety of the second ball milling process (fine powder has a large specific surface area and is easy to burn). Therefore, nano-TiO2 particles are added after the first ball milling treatment and before the second ball milling treatment, which facilitates the subsequent powder metallurgy sintering process and improves the safety of the second ball milling process.

[0043] 4. If the nano-TiO2 particles are added before the first ball milling process, the final powder will be coarsened rapidly (e.g. the size is more than 100 μm). If the SiC particles (e.g. less than 50 μm) are added into the coarsened aluminum powder, the SiC particles will be difficult to be mixed uniformly. Therefore, the nano-TiO2 particles and the SiC particles are added together after the first ball milling process, so that the final powder can be coarsened by cold welding and the SiC particles can be uniformly dispersed.

[0044] 5. The aluminum matrix composite prepared by the above scheme has excellent mechanical properties at high temperature, e.g. the strength at 350℃ can be more than 200 MPa, which is 160 MPa higher than that of the aluminum alloy. The preparation efficiency is high, the powder is safe and not easy to burn, and the powder is easy to sinter. The preparation process is simple, and the large-scale industrial preparation can be realized. The aluminum matrix composite has high strength and plasticity, and has good formability and processability.

[0045] The application will be further illustrated by the following specific experimental examples:

[0046] Example 1

[0047] An aluminum matrix composite is prepared in this example, and the main preparation steps are as follows:

[0048] 1) The spherical aluminum powder with a particle size of 12 μm and metatitanic acid are mixed to obtain a first mixed powder (in the first mixed powder, the mass fraction of metatitanic acid is 6%). The first mixed powder is subjected to a first ball milling process to obtain a powder after the first ball milling process.

[0049] The process parameters of the first ball milling process are as follows: the rotation speed is 400 rpm / min, the ball-to-material weight ratio is 15:1, and the ball milling time is 3 h.

[0050] The particle size of the powder after the first ball milling process is 50 μm.

[0051] 2) The SiC particles with a particle size of 30 μm and the nano-TiO2 particles with a particle size of 30 nm are added into the powder after the first ball milling process to obtain a second mixed powder. The second mixed powder is subjected to a second ball milling process to obtain a powder after the second ball milling process.

[0052] In the second mixed powder, the mass fraction of the SiC particles is 12%, and the mass fraction of the nano-TiO2 particles is 1%.

[0053] The process parameters of the second ball milling process are as follows: the rotation speed is 250 rpm / min, the ball-to-material weight ratio is 10:1, and the ball milling time is 1 h.

[0054] 3) heat-press sintering treatment is conducted on the powder after the second ball milling treatment, to obtain a bulk material (aluminum-based composite material blank). The temperature of the heat-press sintering treatment is 630℃.

[0055] In the aluminum-based composite material blank prepared by the embodiment, the SiC is uniformly distributed; the Al2O3 and Al3Ti have small particle sizes (the particle size of the Al2O3 is less than 30 nm, the particle size of the Al3Ti is less than 200 nm, and the particle size of the SiC is micron level and nanometer level), and the material has excellent high-temperature performance, with a yield strength of 200 MPa at a temperature of 350℃.

[0056] Embodiment 2

[0057] An aluminum-based composite material is prepared in the embodiment, and the main preparation steps are as follows:

[0058] 1) spherical aluminum powder with a particle size of 12 μm and metatitanic acid are mixed to obtain a first mixed powder (in the first mixed powder, the mass fraction of the metatitanic acid is 4%); the first mixed powder is subjected to a first ball milling treatment, to obtain a powder after the first ball milling treatment.

[0059] The process parameters of the first ball milling treatment are as follows: the rotation speed is 400 rpm / min, the ball-to-material weight ratio is 15:1, and the ball milling time is 4 h.

[0060] The particle size of the powder after the first ball milling treatment is 50 μm.

[0061] 2) SiC particles with a particle size of 30 μm and nano TiO2 particles with a particle size of 30 nm are added to the powder after the first ball milling treatment, to obtain a second mixed powder; the second mixed powder is subjected to a second ball milling treatment, to obtain a powder after the second ball milling treatment.

[0062] In the second mixed powder, the mass fraction of the SiC particles is 15%, and the mass fraction of the nano TiO2 particles is 2%.

[0063] The process parameters of the second ball milling treatment are as follows: the rotation speed is 250 rpm / min, the ball-to-material weight ratio is 10:1, and the ball milling time is 1 h.

[0064] 3) heat-press sintering treatment is conducted on the powder after the second ball milling treatment, to obtain a bulk material (aluminum-based composite material blank). The temperature of the heat-press sintering treatment is 630℃.

[0065] The aluminum matrix composite material blank prepared in the embodiment has the following characteristics: uniform distribution of SiC; fine particle size of Al2O3 and Al3Ti (particle size of Al2O3 is less than 30 nm, particle size of Al3Ti is less than 200 nm, and particle size of SiC is micron level and nanometer level); and excellent high-temperature performance, with a yield strength of 190 MPa at a temperature of 350 °C.

[0066] Example 3

[0067] An aluminum matrix composite material is prepared in the embodiment, and the main preparation steps are as follows:

[0068] 1) The spherical aluminum powder with a particle size of 12 μm is mixed with metatitanic acid to obtain a first mixed powder (in the first mixed powder, the mass fraction of metatitanic acid is 8%); and the first mixed powder is subjected to first ball milling treatment to obtain a powder after first ball milling treatment.

[0069] The process parameters of the first ball milling treatment are as follows: rotation speed is 400 rpm / min, ball-to-material weight ratio is 15:1, and ball milling time is 4 h.

[0070] The particle size of the powder after first ball milling treatment is 40 μm.

[0071] 2) SiC particles with a particle size of 30 μm and nano TiO2 particles with a particle size of 30 nm are added to the powder after first ball milling treatment to obtain a second mixed powder, and the second mixed powder is subjected to second ball milling treatment to obtain a powder after second ball milling treatment.

[0072] In the second mixed powder, the mass fraction of SiC particles is 10%, and the mass fraction of nano TiO2 particles is 2%.

[0073] The process parameters of the second ball milling treatment are as follows: rotation speed is 250 rpm / min, ball-to-material weight ratio is 10:1, and ball milling time is 1 h.

[0074] 3) The powder after second ball milling treatment is subjected to hot-press sintering treatment to obtain a bulk material (aluminum matrix composite material blank). The temperature of the hot-press sintering treatment is 630 °C.

[0075] The aluminum matrix composite material blank prepared in the embodiment has the following characteristics: uniform distribution of SiC; fine particle size of Al2O3 and Al3Ti (particle size of Al2O3 is less than 30 nm, particle size of Al3Ti is less than 200 nm, and particle size of SiC is micron level and nanometer level); and excellent high-temperature performance, with a yield strength of 190 MPa at a temperature of 350 °C.

[0076] Comparative Example 1

[0077] A comparative example 1 is to prepare an aluminum matrix composite, the main preparation steps are as follows:

[0078] 1) The spherical aluminum powder with a particle size of 12 μm and TiO2 particles are mixed to obtain a first mixed powder (in the first mixed powder, the mass fraction of TiO2 particles is 6%). The first mixed powder is subjected to a first ball milling treatment to obtain a first ball-milled powder.

[0079] The process parameters of the first ball milling treatment are as follows: the rotation speed is 400 rpm / min, the ball-to-material weight ratio is 15:1, and the ball milling time is 3 h.

[0080] The particle size of the first ball-milled powder is 120 μm.

[0081] 2) SiC particles with a particle size of 30 μm are added to the first ball-milled powder to obtain a second mixed powder (in the second mixed powder, the mass fraction of SiC particles is 12%). The second mixed powder is subjected to a second ball milling treatment to obtain a second ball-milled powder.

[0082] The process parameters of the second ball milling treatment are as follows: the rotation speed is 250 rpm / min, the ball-to-material weight ratio is 10:1, and the ball milling time is 1 h.

[0083] 3) The second ball-milled powder is subjected to a hot-press sintering treatment to obtain a bulk material (aluminum matrix composite blank). The temperature of the hot-press sintering treatment is 630 °C.

[0084] In the aluminum matrix composite blank prepared in Comparative Example 1, due to the addition of SiC particles, the size of the first ball-milled powder is too large, resulting in uneven distribution of SiC particles, and the size of Al2O3 and Al3Ti particles is too large (such as Al3Ti above 200 nm), resulting in low high-temperature performance and wear resistance of the aluminum matrix composite.

[0085] Comparative Example 2

[0086] A comparative example 2 is to prepare an aluminum matrix composite, the main preparation steps are as follows:

[0087] 1) The spherical aluminum powder with a particle size of 12 μm, metatitanic acid, and SiC particles are mixed to obtain a mixed powder (in the mixed powder, the mass fraction of metatitanic acid is 6%, and the mass fraction of SiC particles is 12%); the mixed powder is subjected to a ball milling treatment to obtain a ball-milled powder.

[0088] The process parameters of the ball milling treatment are as follows: the rotation speed is 400 rpm / min, the ball-to-material weight ratio is 15:1, and the ball milling time is 1 h.

[0089] 2) The powder after the ball milling treatment is subjected to hot-press sintering treatment to obtain a bulk material (aluminum-based composite blank). The temperature of the hot-press sintering treatment is 630°C.

[0090] In the aluminum-based composite blank prepared in the comparative example, the Al2O3 and Al3Ti particles are unevenly distributed due to the too short ball milling time, so that the high-temperature performance and wear resistance of the material are lower than those of the material obtained in Example 1.

[0091] Comparative Example 3

[0092] An aluminum-based composite is prepared in Comparative Example 3, and the main preparation steps are as follows:

[0093] 1) Spherical aluminum powder with a particle size of 12 μm and metatitanic acid are mixed to obtain a mixed powder (in the mixed powder, the mass fraction of metatitanic acid is 6%, and the mass fraction of SiC particles is 12%); the mixed powder is subjected to ball milling treatment to obtain a powder after the ball milling treatment.

[0094] The process parameters of the ball milling treatment are as follows: the rotation speed is 400 rpm / min, the ball-to-material weight ratio is 15:1, and the ball milling time is 4 h.

[0095] 2) The powder after the ball milling treatment is subjected to hot-press sintering treatment to obtain a bulk material (aluminum-based composite blank). The temperature of the hot-press sintering treatment is 630°C.

[0096] In the composite blank prepared in the comparative example, the SiC particles are severely damaged due to the too long ball milling time, and the high-temperature wear resistance of the material is lower than that of the material obtained in Example 1.

[0097] Comparative Example 4

[0098] An aluminum-based composite is prepared in Comparative Example 4, and the main preparation steps are as follows:

[0099] 1) Spherical aluminum powder with a particle size of 12 μm and metatitanic acid are mixed to obtain a first mixed powder (in the first mixed powder, the mass fraction of metatitanic acid is 6%); the first mixed powder is subjected to first ball milling treatment to obtain a powder after the first ball milling treatment.

[0100] The process parameters of the first ball milling treatment are as follows: the rotation speed is 400 rpm / min, the ball-to-material weight ratio is 15:1, and the ball milling time is 3 h.

[0101] The particle size of the powder after the first ball milling treatment is 50 μm.

[0102] 2) SiC particles with a particle size of 30 μm are added to the powder after the first ball milling treatment to obtain a second mixed powder, and the second mixed powder is subjected to second ball milling treatment to obtain a powder after the second ball milling treatment.

[0103] The mass fraction of SiC particles in the second mixed powder is 12%.

[0104] The process parameters of the second ball milling treatment are as follows: the rotation speed is 250 rpm / min, the ball-to-material weight ratio is 10:1, and the ball milling time is 1 h.

[0105] 3) The powder after the second ball milling treatment is subjected to hot-press sintering treatment to obtain a bulk material (aluminum-based composite blank). The temperature of the hot-press sintering treatment is 630 DEG C.

[0106] Compared with Example 1, the aluminum-based composite blank prepared by using the comparative example does not contain TiO2 particles, so that the size of the powder after the second ball milling treatment is too fine, the powder is severely oxidized and flammable during the preparation process, and the powder metallurgy preparation is much more difficult than that of Example 1.

[0107] In summary, the aluminum-based composite material prepared by the embodiment of the present application has excellent mechanical properties at high temperature, high preparation efficiency, safe and non-flammable powder, and easy sintering; the preparation process is simple, large-scale industrial preparation can be realized, and the material has high strength and plasticity and good formability and processability.

[0108] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the present application in any form. Any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiment according to the technical essence of the present application still belongs to the scope of the technical solution of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an aluminum-based composite material, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: 1) Mix aluminum matrix powder and metatitanic acid to obtain a first mixed powder; subject the first mixed powder to a first ball milling process to obtain a powder after the first ball milling process; 2) Add SiC particles and nano TiO2 particles to the powder after the first ball milling treatment to obtain a second mixed powder, and perform a second ball milling treatment on the second mixed powder to obtain the powder after the second ball milling treatment. 3) The powder after the second ball milling treatment is subjected to powder metallurgy sintering treatment to obtain an aluminum-based composite material blank.

2. The method for preparing the aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1): The aluminum matrix powder is selected from aluminum powder or aluminum alloy powder; The particle size of the aluminum matrix powder is 1-25 μm; and / or In the first mixed powder, the mass fraction of metatitanic acid is 2-15%.

3. The method for preparing the aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1): The process parameters for the first ball milling treatment are as follows: rotation speed is 150-500 rpm / min, ball weight ratio is (10-30):1, and ball milling time is 1-5 h.

4. The method for preparing the aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The particle size of the powder after the first ball milling treatment is 5-60 μm.

5. The method for preparing the aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2): The SiC particles have a particle size of 5-50 μm; and / or In the second mixed powder, the mass fraction of SiC particles is 5-25%.

6. The method for preparing the aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2): The particle size of the nano-TiO2 particles is 0.01-200 nm; and / or In the second mixed powder, the mass fraction of the TiO2 particles is 0.5-2%.

7. The method for preparing the aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 2): The process parameters for the second ball milling process are as follows: rotation speed is 150-500 rpm / min, ball weight ratio is (10-30):1, and ball milling time is 0.5-2 h.

8. The method for preparing the aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 3): The powder metallurgical sintering process is any one of the following sintering processes under atmosphere or vacuum conditions: hot pressing sintering, cold isostatic pressing sintering, hot isostatic pressing sintering, extrusion sintering, and discharge ion beam sintering; wherein the sintering temperature is 600-665℃.

9. The method for preparing the aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method further includes the following steps: 4) Plastic deformation processing is performed on the aluminum-based composite billet to obtain aluminum-based composite parts.

10. An aluminum-based composite material, characterized in that, The aluminum-based composite material is prepared by the method for preparing aluminum-based composite materials according to any one of claims 1-9.

11. The aluminum-based composite material according to claim 10, characterized in that, The aluminum-based composite material includes an aluminum matrix and a reinforcing phase; wherein the reinforcing phase includes SiC, Al3Ti and Al2O3.

12. The aluminum-based composite material according to claim 11, characterized in that, Al2O3 has a particle size of less than 30 nm, Al3Ti has a particle size of less than 200 nm, and SiC has a particle size in the micrometer and nanometer range.