A fluidic assisted tool rock breaking system

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a jet flow auxiliary cutter rock breaking system. The jet flow auxiliary cutter rock breaking system comprises a pulse abrasive water jet flow system, a first jet flow system and a rotary joint. The pulse abrasive water jet flow system sprays pulse abrasive water jet flow to the surrounding rock of a working face through a second jet flow mechanism. The first jet flow system sprays abrasive air jet flow to the surrounding rock of the working face through the first jet flow mechanism. The rotary joint is arranged at the center of a cutter head and is used for maintaining the connection relationship between the internal pipeline of the cutter head and the external pipeline of the cutter head. In the rotary direction of the cutter head, the first jet flow mechanism and the second jet flow mechanism are sequentially arranged on the cutter head from back to front. The pulse abrasive water jet flow system and the first jet flow system are integrally arranged, and the surrounding rock of the working face is first impacted and wetted by the pulse abrasive water jet flow in the rotary direction of the cutter head, so that the rock strength is reduced and the dust is reduced, and then the rock is broken by the abrasive air jet flow, thereby improving the rock breaking efficiency and saving energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and in particular to a jet-assisted cutting tool rock-breaking system. Background Technology

[0002] With rapid societal development, the contradiction between urbanization and land scarcity is becoming increasingly prominent, leading to problems such as land shortages, overcrowded living spaces, and traffic congestion. Underground tunnel construction technology has become a hot topic in contemporary society, capable of significantly improving urban land utilization and alleviating the conflict between urban development and land resource scarcity. Full-face tunnel boring machines (TBMs) play a crucial role in tunnel and underground engineering construction. TBMs primarily rely on the rotation of cutterheads to break and fracture rock. However, during the excavation of hard rock, the cutterheads are prone to a series of wear problems, including cutter bearing failure, cutter ring breakage, uneven cutter wear, and cutter ring chipping. Opening the cutterhead for replacement can easily lead to excavation face instability and tunnel collapse, making cutter damage one of the most significant factors affecting excavation efficiency and construction costs. Existing technologies include weakening rocks with high-temperature lasers followed by water jet breaking, which can greatly reduce the stress on the cutting rollers and increase rock breaking efficiency. However, these technologies have high energy consumption, require sophisticated equipment, and suffer from poor safety due to the high-temperature lasers and high-pressure water jets, thus significantly reducing the likelihood of widespread application of such devices.

[0003] Therefore, there is a need to provide an improved technical solution that addresses the shortcomings of the existing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a jet-assisted cutting tool rock-breaking system to solve or alleviate the problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A jet-assisted rock-breaking system includes:

[0007] The pulsed abrasive water jet system includes a water supply device, a second abrasive supply device, an abrasive mixing chamber, a pulse generator, and a second spraying mechanism. The second abrasive supply device and the abrasive mixing chamber are located inside the cutter head. The water supply device is connected to the inlet of the abrasive mixing chamber via a water supply pipeline. The outlet of the abrasive mixing chamber is connected to the pulse generator and outputs a pulsed abrasive water jet to the second spraying mechanism. The second spraying mechanism sprays the pulsed abrasive water jet onto the surrounding rock at the working face.

[0008] Abrasive air jet system: includes a first abrasive supply device, an air supply device, and a first jetting mechanism; the air supply device is connected to the first abrasive supply device via a first air supply pipeline and outputs abrasive air jet to the first jetting mechanism, and the first jetting mechanism jets the abrasive air jet onto the surrounding rock at the working face.

[0009] Along the rotation direction of the cutter head, the first spray mechanism and the second spray mechanism are arranged sequentially on the cutter head from back to front;

[0010] Rotary joint: The rotary joint is located at the center of the cutter head and is used to maintain the connection between the internal pipeline and the external pipeline of the cutter head. The first air supply pipeline and the water supply pipeline are respectively connected to the first spraying mechanism and the abrasive mixing chamber located inside the cutter head through the rotary joint.

[0011] In the jet-assisted rock-breaking system described above, preferably, the pulse generating device includes a pulse mixing chamber and a solenoid valve disposed inside the cutter head;

[0012] The air supply device is connected to the inlet of the pulse mixing chamber via a second air supply pipeline to a solenoid valve; the outlet of the abrasive mixing chamber is connected to the inlet of the pulse mixing chamber, and the outlet of the pulse mixing chamber outputs a pulsed abrasive water jet to the second injection mechanism;

[0013] The second gas supply line is connected to the solenoid valve and then to the inlet of the pulse mixing chamber via a rotary joint.

[0014] In the jet-assisted rock-breaking system described above, preferably, the gas supply device includes a pressure regulating device;

[0015] The pressure regulating device is used to regulate the gas pressure output by the gas supply device.

[0016] In the jet-assisted rock-breaking system described above, preferably, the first jetting mechanism is mounted on the telescopic member, and the first jetting mechanism extends and retracts along the axial direction of the cutter head under the action of the telescopic member.

[0017] In the jet-assisted rock-breaking system described above, preferably, the first jetting mechanism can move radially along the cutter head.

[0018] In the jet-assisted rock-breaking system described above, preferably, the air supply device is connected to the inlet of the second abrasive supply device in sequence through a second air supply pipeline and a third air supply pipeline.

[0019] In the jet-assisted rock-breaking system described above, preferably, the gas pressure output by the gas supply device is always less than 2 MPa;

[0020] The pulse frequency of the pulsed abrasive water jet is consistent with the fixed frequency of the rock.

[0021] In the jet-assisted rock-breaking system described above, preferably, a gas treatment unit is provided at the outlet of the first abrasive supply device; and a water treatment unit is provided at the outlet of the water supply device.

[0022] The gas processing unit is used to adjust the pressure and flow rate of the abrasive air jet in the first gas supply pipeline;

[0023] The water treatment unit is used to adjust the pressure and flow rate of the water jet in the water supply pipeline.

[0024] The jet-assisted rock-breaking system described above preferably further includes a central control system and a monitoring system.

[0025] The monitoring system is used to collect information on the pressure on the cutterhead and the development of cracks on the working face, and transmit it to the central control system.

[0026] The central control system regulates the pressure and flow of the water treatment unit and the gas treatment unit based on the collected information.

[0027] In the jet-assisted rock-breaking system described above, preferably, the monitoring system includes an ultrasonic damage detector and a pressure sensor mounted on the cutterhead.

[0028] Compared with the closest prior art, the technical solution of this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0029] 1. By integrating pulsed abrasive water jet and abrasive air jet, the structure is simple. According to the direction of the cutter head rotation, the pulsed abrasive water jet first impacts and wets the surrounding rock of the working face, reducing the rock strength and dust, and then the abrasive air jet breaks the rock, which improves the rock breaking efficiency and saves energy.

[0030] 2. By setting the pulse frequency of the pulsed abrasive water jet to be consistent with the natural frequency of the rock at the working face, and by using the third air supply pipeline in conjunction with the second abrasive supply device to increase the feeding speed, the impact effect of the pulsed abrasive water jet on the surrounding rock at the working face is improved, thereby realizing the subsequent low-pressure rock breaking of the abrasive air jet. This makes the overall system work safely and reliably, and further reduces system energy consumption and equipment damage rate. Attached Figure Description

[0031] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application. Wherein:

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a jet-assisted cutting tool rock-breaking system according to some embodiments of this application;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a pulse abrasive water jet system for rock breaking with a jet-assisted cutting tool, provided according to some embodiments of this application.

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a second abrasive supply device for a jet-assisted cutting tool rock-breaking system according to some embodiments of this application;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic axial cross-sectional view of a rotary joint of a jet-assisted rock-breaking system according to some embodiments of this application;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a rotary joint of a jet-assisted rock-breaking system according to some embodiments of this application;

[0037] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the cutterhead structure of a jet-assisted rock-breaking system according to some embodiments of this application.

[0038] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0039] 1. Pressure sensor; 2. Second abrasive supply device; 3. Cutter head; 4. Pulse mixing chamber; 5. Third air supply line switch valve; 6. Abrasive mixing chamber; 7. Third air supply line; 8. Water treatment unit; 9. Water pump; 10. Water source switch valve; 11. Water tank; 12. Second injection mechanism; 13. Solenoid valve; 14. Second air supply line; 15. Second air supply line switch valve; 16. Abrasive supply line; 17. Telescopic component; 18. First air supply line; 19. Gas treatment unit; 20. Water source supply line; 21. First abrasive supply device; 22. First air supply line switch valve; 23. High-pressure gas cylinder; 24. Air source switch valve; 25. Pressure gauge; 26. Air compressor; 27. Unloading valve; 28. First injection mechanism; 29. ​​Clamp; 30. Ultrasonic damage detector 31. Measuring instrument; 32. Rotary joint; 33. Rotating part; 34. Fixed part; 35. First annular pipe; 36. Second annular pipe; 37. Third annular pipe; 38. Rotary joint inlet of the first air supply pipe; 39. Rotary joint outlet of the first air supply pipe; 40. First storage structure; 41. Second storage structure; 42. Air inlet; 43. Cutting tool; 44. Third jetting mechanism; 45. Bubble; 46. Abrasive supply pipe switch valve; 47. Second abrasive supply device inlet; 48. Second abrasive supply device outlet; 49. Water supply pipe rotary joint inlet; 50. Water supply pipe rotary joint outlet; 51. Second air supply pipe rotary joint outlet; 52. Abrasive water jet pipe; 53. Pulse abrasive water jet pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The present application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Various examples are provided by way of explanation and not by way of limitation. In fact, those skilled in the art will recognize that modifications and variations can be made to the present application without departing from the scope or spirit thereof. For example, a feature shown or described as part of one embodiment may be used in another embodiment to produce yet another embodiment. Therefore, it is desirable that the present application encompass such modifications and variations that fall within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0041] In the following description, the terms "first / second / third" are used merely to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific order of objects. It is understood that "first / second / third" may be interchanged in a specific order or sequence where permitted, so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein.

[0042] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments of this disclosure only and is not intended to limit this disclosure.

[0043] In the description of this application, the terms "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," and "bottom," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and do not require that this application be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting this application. The terms "connected," "linked," and "set up" used in this application should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections or detachable connections; direct connections or indirect connections through intermediate components; wired connections, radio connections, or wireless communication signal connections. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms according to the specific circumstances.

[0044] For clarity, in this document, "inlet" refers to the end of the device that receives the medium along the direction of medium flow when the system is operating, and "outlet" refers to the end of the device that outputs the medium along the direction of medium flow when the system is operating. "Upstream" refers to the end of the device that receives the medium along the direction of medium flow when the system is operating, and "downstream" refers to the end of the device that receives the medium along the direction of medium flow when the system is operating.

[0045] The following is in conjunction with the attached diagram. Figures 1 to 6 A jet-assisted cutting tool rock-breaking system according to the present invention will be described in further detail.

[0046] This invention provides a jet-assisted rock-breaking system, comprising:

[0047] The pulsed abrasive water jet system includes a water supply device, a second abrasive supply device 2, an abrasive mixing chamber 6, a pulse generator, and a second jetting mechanism 12. The second abrasive supply device 2 and the abrasive mixing chamber 6 are located inside the cutter head 3. The water supply device is connected to the inlet of the abrasive mixing chamber 6 through a water supply pipeline 20. The second abrasive supply device 2 is connected to the inlet of the abrasive mixing chamber 6 through an abrasive supply pipeline 16. The outlet of the abrasive mixing chamber 6 is connected to the pulse generator and outputs a pulsed abrasive water jet to the second jetting mechanism 12. The second jetting mechanism 12 sprays the pulsed abrasive water jet onto the surrounding rock at the working face.

[0048] Abrasive air jet system: includes a first abrasive supply device 21, an air supply device, and a first jetting mechanism 28; the air supply device is connected to the first abrasive supply device 21 via the first air supply pipeline 18 and outputs abrasive air jet to the first jetting mechanism 28, and the first jetting mechanism 28 jets the abrasive air jet onto the surrounding rock at the working face.

[0049] Along the rotation direction of the cutter head 3, the first spray mechanism 28 and the second spray mechanism are arranged sequentially from back to front on the cutter head 3;

[0050] Rotary joint 31: Rotary joint 31 is located at the center of the cutter head 3 and is used to maintain the connection between the internal pipeline of the cutter head 3 and the external pipeline of the cutter head 3. The first air supply pipeline 18 and the water supply pipeline 20 are respectively connected to the first spraying mechanism 28 and the abrasive mixing chamber 6 located inside the cutter head 3 through rotary joint 31.

[0051] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the water supply device comprises a water tank 11, a high-pressure water pump 9, and a water supply switch valve 10; the air supply device comprises an air compressor 26, a high-pressure gas cylinder 23, and an air supply switch valve 24; the first injection mechanism 28 and the second injection mechanism 12 are both Laval nozzles; the first abrasive supply device 21 and the second abrasive supply device 2 are both abrasive tanks, wherein the second abrasive supply device 2 is a self-priming abrasive tank that can be detachably embedded into the side wall of the cutter head 3, combined with... Figure 3As shown, the second abrasive supply device 2 specifically includes a first storage structure 39 and a second storage structure 40 arranged vertically. The first storage structure 39 is fitted inside the second storage structure 40. The first storage structure 39 has an outlet at its bottom. The second storage structure 40 has an air inlet 41 on its outer periphery and a second abrasive supply device outlet 47 at its bottom. The two ends of the abrasive supply pipeline 16 are respectively connected to the second abrasive supply device outlet 47 and the inlet of the abrasive mixing chamber 6. The first storage structure 39 is used to store abrasive. When the water supply pipeline 20 inputs water jets into the abrasive mixing chamber 6, it works in conjunction with the air inlet 41 on the second storage structure 40 to generate a suction effect in the abrasive mixing chamber 6. Under the action of suction and the weight of the abrasive, the first storage structure 39... The abrasive in the storage structure 39 is fed into the second storage structure 40 from the bottom outlet of the first storage structure 39, and then fed into the abrasive mixing chamber 6 through the second storage structure 40 and the abrasive supply pipeline 16. The abrasive supply pipeline 16 is equipped with an abrasive supply pipeline switch valve 45. Along the flow direction of the medium in the pipeline, the water supply pipeline 20 is connected in sequence to the water tank 11, the water supply switch valve 10, and the water pump 9 to the inlet of the abrasive mixing chamber 6. The first air supply pipeline 18 is connected in sequence to the air compressor 26, the air supply switch valve 24, the high-pressure gas cylinder 23, and the first abrasive supply device 21 to the first injection mechanism 28. The abrasive supply pipeline 16 is connected in sequence to the outlet of the abrasive supply device and the abrasive supply pipeline switch valve 45 to the other inlet of the abrasive mixing chamber 6.

[0052] Water supply pipeline 20 inputs pressurized water from the water supply device into abrasive mixing chamber 6 through the inlet of the water supply pipeline 20. A third jetting mechanism 43, specifically a Laval nozzle, is also installed at the inlet of the abrasive mixing chamber 6 to increase the flow velocity of the water jet, thereby increasing the impact capability of the abrasive water jet and the pulsed abrasive water jet. Abrasive supply pipeline 16 inputs pressurized abrasive flow from the second abrasive supply device 2 into abrasive mixing chamber 6 through another inlet of the abrasive mixing chamber 6. The pressurized water flow and the pressurized abrasive flow mix in the abrasive mixing chamber 6 to form an abrasive water jet. The abrasive water jet is output from the outlet of the abrasive mixing chamber 6. After passing through the pulse generator, it forms a pulsed abrasive water jet. The pulsed abrasive water jet is transported to the second jetting mechanism 12 through the pulsed abrasive water jet pipeline 53. The second jetting mechanism 12 sprays the pulsed abrasive water jet onto the surrounding rock at the working face.

[0053] The first air supply pipeline 18 inputs the pressurized airflow output from the air source supply device 21 through the inlet of the first abrasive supply device 21 to form an abrasive air jet. The abrasive air jet is output from the outlet of the first abrasive supply device 21 and continues to be transported to the first injection mechanism 28 through the first air supply pipeline 18. The first injection mechanism 28 sprays the abrasive air jet onto the surrounding rock at the working face.

[0054] Combination Figures 4-5As shown, the rotary joint 31 is located at the center of the rear wall of the cutter head 3. The rotary joint 31 is divided into a rotating part 32 and a fixed part 33 along the axial direction of the cutter head 3. The rotating part 32 is used to connect the internal pipeline of the cutter head 3, and the fixed part 33 is used to connect the external pipeline of the cutter head 3. The rotating part 32 and the fixed part 33 are coaxially arranged and are rotatably connected by bearings or fitting. The rotary joint 31 is provided with multiple annular pipelines. The multiple annular pipelines are coaxially arranged with the rotating part 32, the fixed part 33 and the cutter head 3, and the rotating part 32 rotates with the cutter head 3. The rotating part 32 is provided with multiple rotary joint outlets that are respectively connected to different annular pipelines. The fixed part 33 is provided with rotary joint inlets that are respectively connected to different annular pipelines. The first air supply pipeline 18 and the water supply pipeline 20 are respectively connected to the first spraying mechanism 28 and the abrasive mixing chamber 6 provided inside the cutter head 3 through different annular pipelines.

[0055] The annular pipeline specifically includes a first annular pipeline 34, a second annular pipeline 35, and a third annular pipeline 36. The first air supply pipeline 18 is divided by the rotary joint 31 into a section from the first injection mechanism 28 inside the cutter head 3 to the rotary joint outlet 38 of the first air supply pipeline, and a section from the rotary joint inlet 37 outside the cutter head 3 to the air supply device. The rotary joint inlet 37 of the first air supply pipeline is located in the fixed part 33 and connected to the first annular pipeline 34. The rotary joint outlet 38 of the first air supply pipeline is located in the rotating part 32 and connected to the first annular pipeline 34. The water supply pipeline 20 is divided by the rotary joint 31 into a section from the inlet of the abrasive mixing chamber 6 inside the cutter head 3 to the rotary joint outlet 49 of the water supply pipeline, and a section from the rotary joint inlet 49 outside the cutter head 3. In section 8, the water supply pipe rotary joint inlet 48 is located in the fixed part 33 and connected to the second annular pipe 35. The water supply pipe rotary joint outlet 49 is located in the rotating part 32 and connected to the second annular pipe 35. With this configuration, when the rotating part 32 rotates with the cutter head 3, the first air supply pipe rotary joint inlet 37 can always be connected to the first air supply pipe rotary joint outlet 38 through the first annular pipe 34, and the water supply pipe rotary joint inlet 48 can always be connected to the water supply pipe rotary joint outlet 49 through the second annular pipe 35. Thus, when the internal pipes of the cutter head 3 rotate with the cutter head 3, the connection with the external pipes of the cutter head 3 can be maintained through the rotary joint 31, ensuring the normal operation of the system.

[0056] Along the rotation direction of the cutter head 3, the first jet mechanism 28 and the second jet mechanism 12 are arranged sequentially from back to front inside the cutter head 3. The first jet mechanism 28 and the second jet mechanism 12 rotate with the cutter head 3 and continuously impact the surrounding rock of the working face according to the same motion trajectory between the adjacent cutter head 3 cutter 42. The pulsed abrasive water jet first impacts and wets the surrounding rock of the working face to reduce the strength of the surrounding rock and reduce the dust caused by the cutting work. Then, the abrasive air jet further impacts the rock of the working face to cause cracks or further expand the existing cracks. Subsequently, the cutter head 3 cutter 42 located on the adjacent motion trajectory squeezes and shears the surrounding rock of the working face to achieve efficient rock breaking and reduce energy consumption.

[0057] In other embodiments of the present invention, the second abrasive supply device 2 is located at a position other than the side wall of the cutter head 3.

[0058] In other embodiments of the present invention, the second abrasive supply device 2 is an abrasive tank with an internal propulsion piston.

[0059] The pulse generating device includes a pulse mixing chamber 4 and a solenoid valve 13 disposed inside the cutter head 3; the air supply device is connected to the solenoid valve 13 to the inlet of the pulse mixing chamber 4 via the second air supply line 14; the outlet of the abrasive mixing chamber 6 is connected to the inlet of the pulse mixing chamber 4, and the outlet of the pulse mixing chamber 4 outputs a pulsed abrasive water jet to the second spraying mechanism 12; the second air supply line 14 is connected to the solenoid valve 13 to the inlet of the pulse mixing chamber 4 via a rotary joint 31.

[0060] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the outlet of the abrasive mixing chamber 6 is connected to the inlet of the pulse mixing chamber 4 through the abrasive water jet pipeline 52, and the abrasive water jet is input into the pulse mixing chamber 4 through the inlet of the pulse mixing chamber 4. The pressurized air flow in the second air supply pipeline 14 forms stable pressure bubbles 44 under the action of the solenoid valve 13, and is input into the pulse mixing chamber 4 through the inlet of the pulse mixing chamber 4. In the pulse mixing chamber 4, the stable pressure bubbles 44 divide the abrasive water jet at a fixed frequency to form a pulsed abrasive water jet. The pulsed abrasive water jet is output from the outlet of the pulse mixing chamber 4 and is transported to the second spraying mechanism 12 through the pulsed abrasive water jet pipeline 53. The second spraying mechanism 12 sprays the pulsed abrasive water jet onto the surrounding rock of the working face.

[0061] The second air supply line 14 is divided by the rotary joint 31 into two sections: the section from the inlet of the pulse mixing chamber 4 inside the cutter head 3 to the rotary joint outlet 51 of the second air supply line, and the section from the rotary joint inlet 50 of the second air supply line outside the cutter head 3 to the air source supply device. The rotary joint outlet 51 of the second air supply line is located in the rotating part 32 and connected to the third annular line 36. The rotary joint inlet 50 of the second air supply line is located in the fixed part 33 and connected to the third annular line 36. A second air supply line switch valve 15 is also provided on the section from the rotary joint inlet 50 of the second air supply line to the air source supply device. A first air supply line switch valve 22 is also provided on the first air supply line 18 between the first abrasive supply device 21 and the air source supply device.

[0062] In other embodiments of the present invention, the pulse generating device may be a compression piston disposed in the abrasive mixing chamber 6 or a perforated plate disposed at the outlet of the abrasive mixing chamber 6.

[0063] In other embodiments of the present invention, the second gas supply line switch valve 15 may also be provided in the section from the outlet 51 of the second gas supply line rotary joint to the inlet of the pulse mixing chamber 4.

[0064] The gas supply device includes a pressure regulating device; the pressure regulating device is used to regulate the gas pressure output by the gas supply device.

[0065] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the pressure regulating device is located between the air source switch valve 24 and the air compressor 26, and is used to control the output pressure of the air compressor 26. On the one hand, it is used to ensure the safety of the first air supply pipeline 18, and on the other hand, it can adjust the output pressure of the air compressor 26 to below the required working pressure as needed, and then adjust the gas pressure output by the air source supply device. When the gas pressure output by the air source supply device meets the system working requirements, the air source switch valve 24 is opened. The pressure regulating device is specifically a pressure gauge 25 and an unloading valve 27 arranged sequentially from front to back along the medium flow direction. The unloading valve 27 is used to reduce the output pressure of the air compressor 26, and the pressure gauge 25 is used to monitor the pressure after the unloading valve 27 is controlled in real time.

[0066] In other embodiments of the present invention, the pressure regulating device is a pressure control valve with the function of displaying pressure values ​​in real time.

[0067] The first spraying mechanism 28 is mounted on the telescopic member 17. Under the action of the telescopic member 17, the first spraying mechanism 28 extends and retracts along the axial direction of the cutter head 3 to adjust the target distance.

[0068] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the end of the first injection mechanism 28 is connected to the telescopic member 17, which is specifically a cylindrical structure. The first injection mechanism 28 and the telescopic member 17 are coaxially arranged. The first air supply pipeline 18 is connected to the telescopic member 17 and delivers the abrasive air jet to the first injection mechanism 28 through the telescopic member 17. Since the abrasive air jet has different erosion and grooving capabilities at different target distances, and the erosion and grooving parameters of the abrasive air jet at the same pressure and flow rate are also different for different rocks, the grooving depth required to assist in rock breaking is different for different rocks. Based on the actual situation of the rock at the working face, the distance between the first injection mechanism 28 and the surrounding rock at the working face is adjusted by controlling the telescopic member 17 to obtain the optimal target distance for the current working face surrounding rock.

[0069] In other embodiments of the present invention, the first injection mechanism 28 and the inner wall of the cutter head 3 are connected by guide rails and guide grooves to achieve extension and retraction along the axial direction of the cutter head 3.

[0070] Since the first jetting mechanism 28 and the second jetting mechanism 12 are located between two adjacent cutters 42 and assist in rock breaking as the cutter head 3 rotates, the adjacent cutters 42 are subjected to uneven forces. Specifically, due to the different linear velocities of the rollers on the adjacent sides, the outer cutter 42 has a larger linear velocity and therefore experiences greater forces, while the inner cutter 42 has a smaller linear velocity and experiences less forces. In addition, due to geological conditions, the degree of crack development during the rock breaking process assisted by the first jetting mechanism 28 and the second jetting mechanism 12 cannot be guaranteed. There may be a situation where the crack development of a certain cutter 42 on one side is poor and the force is greater, which will lead to severe wear of the cutter 42. Therefore, when the force on a certain cutter 42 on one side is greater, the first jetting mechanism 28 can move radially along the cutter head 3 to that side to assist in rock breaking, thereby reducing the force on that side of the cutter 42 and ensuring the working efficiency of the whole machine.

[0071] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the cutter head 3 is provided with a radial groove, the first spraying mechanism 28 is disposed in the groove, the end of the first spraying mechanism 28 is connected to the clamp 29, the clamp 29 is disposed inside the cutter head 3, and the first spraying mechanism 28 is driven to move radially along the cutter head 3 in the groove by a radial slide rail disposed inside the cutter head 3.

[0072] In other embodiments of the present invention, the end of the first spraying mechanism 28 is connected to a telescopic rod arranged radially inside the cutter disc 3. By controlling the radial extension and retraction of the telescopic rod, the first spraying mechanism 28 is driven to move radially in the groove along the cutter disc 3.

[0073] The gas supply device is connected to the inlet 46 of the second abrasive supply device in sequence through the second gas supply pipeline 14 and the third gas supply pipeline 7.

[0074] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the third air supply line 7 is installed inside the cutter head 3. The third air supply line 7 is equipped with a third air supply line switch valve 5, and its two ends are respectively connected to the inlet 46 of the second abrasive supply device and the second air supply line 14 between the upstream of the solenoid valve 13 and the downstream of the rotary joint 31. The gas output from the air source supply device passes through the second air supply line 14 and the third air supply line 7 in sequence, and is input into the second abrasive supply device 2 from the inlet 46 of the second abrasive supply device. This increases the pressure difference between the inlet 46 of the second abrasive supply device and the outlet 47 of the second abrasive supply device. Combined with the suction effect in the abrasive mixing chamber 6 and the weight of the abrasive, this further enhances the feeding speed of the second abrasive supply device 2, thereby improving the impact capability of the pulse abrasive water jet.

[0075] In other embodiments of the present invention, the third air supply line 7 branches off from the second air supply line 14 and is connected to the inlet 46 of the second abrasive supply device via a rotary joint 31. That is, both ends of the third air supply line 7 are respectively connected to the second air supply line 14 between the inlet 46 of the second abrasive supply device, the upstream of the rotary joint 31, and the downstream of the air supply device.

[0076] The gas pressure output by the gas supply device is always less than 2 MPa; the pulse frequency of the pulsed abrasive water jet is consistent with the fixed frequency of the rock.

[0077] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, a pressure regulating device is installed between the air compressor 26 and the air source switch valve 24 to ensure that the gas pressure output by the air source supply device is always less than 2 MPa, thereby performing low-pressure rock breaking, reducing energy consumption, protecting the device, and improving the safety of system operation. The natural frequency of the surrounding rock at the working face is pre-sampled and analyzed, and the frequency of the pulsed abrasive water jet is set to be consistent with the natural frequency of the surrounding rock at the working face by adjusting the solenoid valve 13, so as to achieve the rock self-vibration effect to assist in rock breaking, further enhance the impact capability of the pulsed abrasive water jet, reduce the rock strength, and compensate for the low-pressure rock breaking efficiency of the abrasive water jet.

[0078] A gas treatment unit 19 is installed at the outlet of the first abrasive supply device 21; a water treatment unit 8 is installed at the outlet of the water supply device.

[0079] The gas processing unit 19 is used to adjust the pressure and flow rate of the abrasive air jet in the first air supply line 18;

[0080] The water treatment unit 8 is used to regulate the pressure and flow rate of the water jet in the water supply pipeline 20.

[0081] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the gas treatment unit 19 and the water treatment unit 8 are respectively located on the water supply pipeline 20 and the first air supply pipeline 18 outside the cutterhead 3. The gas treatment unit 19 and the water treatment unit 8 specifically include a pressure regulating valve and a flow regulating valve. By controlling the gas treatment unit 19 and the water treatment unit 8 to adjust the abrasive air jet parameters and the water jet pressure and flow rate, the strength of the surrounding rock and the degree of fracture development at the tunnel face are matched to achieve optimal rock breaking by the auxiliary cutter 42.

[0082] In other embodiments of the present invention, the gas processing unit 19 and the water processing unit 8 are respectively located on the water supply pipeline 20 and the first gas supply pipeline 18 inside the cutter head 3.

[0083] It also includes a central control system and a monitoring system; the monitoring system is used to collect information on the pressure of the cutterhead 3 and the cutting tool 42 and the development of cracks on the working face, and transmit it to the central control system; the central control system controls the water treatment unit 8 and the gas treatment unit 19 to regulate the pressure and flow based on the collected information.

[0084] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the central control system is specifically a PLC controller or a microcontroller controller. The controller is connected to a host computer via wired or wireless means, and the operator can send instructions to the controller through the host computer. In order to further facilitate the control of the entire device, a monitoring system is also set up. The monitoring system transmits the collected information on the pressure of the cutterhead 3 and the cutting tool 42 and the development of cracks at the tunnel face to the central control system and displays it on the host computer for easy viewing by the operator. On the other hand, the central control system controls the water treatment unit 8 and the gas treatment unit 19 to adjust the pressure and flow rate according to the collected information, so as to match the strength of the surrounding rock and the degree of crack development at the tunnel face during the actual tunneling process, reduce energy consumption, and improve rock breaking efficiency.

[0085] The monitoring system includes an ultrasonic damage detector 30 and a pressure sensor 1 mounted on the cutter head 3.

[0086] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the pressure sensor 1 is specifically disposed on the front wall of the cutter head 3 to monitor the force on the cutter 42, the ultrasonic damage detector 30 probe is disposed on the front wall of the cutter head 3, and the ultrasonic damage detector 30 body is disposed in the stable area of ​​the rear wall of the cutter head 3 to monitor the development of cracks on the working face.

[0087] A method for rock breaking with a jet-assisted cutting tool 42, comprising:

[0088] Step S1: Pre-sample and analyze the natural frequency of the surrounding rock at the working face, set the frequency of solenoid valve 13 to be consistent with the natural frequency of the surrounding rock at the working face, and turn on the high-pressure water pump 9, air compressor 26, water source switch valve 10, and abrasive supply pipeline switch valve 45.

[0089] Step S2: The high-pressure water pump 9 delivers water from the water tank 11 along the water supply pipeline 20 to the abrasive mixing chamber 6. Through the combined action of the abrasive added from the second abrasive supply device 2 to the abrasive mixing chamber 6 and the water jet sprayed by the third spraying mechanism 43, an abrasive water jet with good erosion performance is formed.

[0090] Step S3: Control the unloading valve 27, observe the pressure gauge 25 value, and ensure that the output gas pressure of the high-pressure gas cylinder 23 and the air compressor 26 is always below 2 MPa. Open the gas source switch valve 24, the second gas supply line switch valve 15, and the third gas supply line switch valve 5.

[0091] Step S4: Under the stabilizing effect of the second air supply line 14, the solenoid valve 13 forms a stable pressure bubble 44, which divides the abrasive water jet into a pulse jet at a fixed frequency in the pulse mixing chamber 4. Then, the pulse abrasive water jet is sprayed through the second spray mechanism 12 on the cutter head 3 to impact the surrounding rock of the working face. Under the stabilizing effect of the third air supply line 7, the second abrasive supply device 2 increases the feeding speed to the abrasive mixing chamber 6. The high-pressure gas cylinder 23 and the air compressor 26 output gas pressure to form a low-pressure abrasive air jet through the first abrasive supply device 21, and sprayed through the first spray mechanism 28 to impact the surrounding rock of the working face.

[0092] Step S5: The TBM system starts working. As the cutterhead 3 rotates, the second jet mechanism 12 and the first jet mechanism 28 impact the same position of the surrounding rock at the working face along the same trajectory.

[0093] Step S6: The monitoring system transmits the collected information on the development of cracks in the surrounding rock at the working face and the pressure information of the cutterhead 3 and the cutter 42 to the central control system in real time.

[0094] Step S61: When the development of cracks on one side is poor, causing the tool 42 to be subjected to greater force on one side, control the first spraying mechanism 28 to move radially to that side of the tool 42 to reduce the force.

[0095] Step S62: When the overall crack development of the surrounding rock at the working face is poor, the overall stress on the cutter 42 is large. The central control system controls the water treatment unit 8 and the gas treatment unit 19 to adjust the fluid injection pressure and flow rate, and controls the first injection mechanism 28 to move axially to the optimal target distance to increase the jet impact capability and reduce the stress on the cutter 42.

[0096] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A fluid assisted cutter rock breaking system, characterized by, Comprise: Pulse abrasive water jet system: including water supply device, second abrasive supply device, abrasive mixing chamber, pulse generating device, second jet mechanism; the second abrasive supply device, abrasive mixing chamber is arranged in the cutter head, the water supply device is connected to the abrasive mixing chamber inlet through the water supply pipeline, the second abrasive supply device is connected to the abrasive mixing chamber inlet through the abrasive supply pipeline, the abrasive mixing chamber outlet is connected to the pulse generating device, and the pulse abrasive water jet is output to the second jet mechanism, and the second jet mechanism sprays the pulse abrasive water jet to the surrounding rock of the working face; Abrasive air jet system: including first abrasive supply device, gas supply device, first jet mechanism; the gas supply device is connected to the first abrasive supply device through the first gas supply pipeline, and the abrasive air jet is output to the first jet mechanism, and the first jet mechanism sprays the abrasive air jet to the surrounding rock of the working face; Along the rotation direction of the cutter head, the first jet mechanism and the second jet mechanism are sequentially arranged on the cutter head from back to front; Rotary joint: the rotary joint is arranged at the center of the cutter head, which is used to maintain the connection relationship between the internal pipeline of the cutter head and the external pipeline of the cutter head, and the first gas supply pipeline and the water supply pipeline are respectively connected to the first jet mechanism and the abrasive mixing chamber arranged in the cutter head through the rotary joint.

2. A fluid assisted cutter rock breaking system according to claim 1, wherein, The pulse generating device comprises a pulse mixing chamber arranged in the cutter head and an electromagnetic valve; The gas supply device is connected to the pulse mixing chamber inlet through the second gas supply pipeline; the abrasive mixing chamber outlet is connected to the pulse mixing chamber inlet, and the pulse abrasive water jet is output to the second jet mechanism; The second gas supply pipeline connects the electromagnetic valve to the pulse mixing chamber inlet through the rotary joint.

3. The fluid assisted cutter rock breaking system of claim 1, wherein, The gas supply device comprises a pressure regulating device; The pressure regulating device is used to adjust the gas pressure output by the gas supply device.

4. The fluid assisted cutter rock breaking system of claim 1, wherein, The first jet mechanism is arranged on the telescopic member, and the first jet mechanism is telescopic along the axial direction of the cutter head under the action of the telescopic member.

5. The fluid assisted cutter rock breaking system of claim 1, wherein, The first jet mechanism can move radially along the cutter head.

6. A fluid assisted cutter rock breaking system according to claim 3, wherein, The gas supply device is connected to the second abrasive supply device inlet through the second gas supply pipeline and the third gas supply pipeline in sequence.

7. A fluid assisted cutter rock breaking system according to claim 3, wherein, The gas pressure output by the gas supply device is always less than 2MPa; The pulse frequency of the pulse abrasive water jet is consistent with the fixed frequency of the rock.

8. The fluid assisted cutter rock breaking system of claim 1, wherein, The gas treatment unit is arranged at the outlet of the first abrasive supply device; and the water treatment unit is arranged at the outlet of the water supply device; The gas treatment unit is used to adjust the pressure value and flow value of the abrasive air jet in the first gas supply pipeline; The water treatment unit is used to adjust the pressure value and flow value of the water jet in the water supply pipeline.

9. A fluid assisted cutter rock breaking system according to claim 8, wherein, It also comprises a central control system and a monitoring system; The monitoring system is used to collect the cutter cutter pressure information and the working face crack development information, and transmit them to the central control system; The central control system controls the water treatment unit and the gas treatment unit to adjust the pressure and flow according to the collected information.

10. A fluid assisted cutter rock breaking system according to claim 9, wherein, The monitoring system comprises an ultrasonic damage detector and a pressure sensor arranged on the cutter head.

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