A building backside heating compensation system and a compensation method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of forced circulation residential heating system, and discloses a building shady surface heating compensation system and a compensation method, which utilizes a heat collector to vaporize refrigerant, and the refrigerant vapor is transported to a condenser on the shady surface to condense and release heat, so as to transport the heat of the sunny surface to the shady surface to overcome the temperature difference between the two, and part of the refrigerant vapor is condensed in the heat exchange coil in the hot water tank to generate hot water. The heat collector designed in the present application has the advantages of both vacuum tube solar heat collector and flat plate solar heat collector, can be used in areas with temperature below 0 degrees, and can be hung on the outer wall of the building. Since all the heat exchange devices are high-efficiency phase change heat exchangers, a large heat exchanger is not needed, the required flow of the refrigerant is low, and a small power type circulating pump can meet the requirements, so the whole system has low equipment cost and operation cost.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of forced circulation residential heating systems, in particular to a building back-shading heating compensation system and a compensation method. BACKGROUND

[0002] High-latitude regions including northern China generally have heating needs in winter. Currently available heating equipment includes personal heating equipment using electricity or gas, and equipment for centralized heating by heating water and then supplying it to each household. The scale effect of heating equipment is very obvious, and the average operating cost of personal heating equipment is much higher than that of centralized heating, so centralized heating is the mainstream way of heating in winter.

[0003] The user end of the current centralized heating is the fin-type radiator commonly known as a "radiator", and hot water passes through it to heat indoor air to increase room temperature. When installing this heating equipment, the same idea as the fire-fighting equipment is used, that is, a radiator is installed in each fixed area (Guo Jun, Zou Pinghua. Building heating design (second edition) [M]. China Architecture and Building Press, 1987). However, this raises a problem. In buildings with passive insulation, the heating effect of sunlight entering the room is still very obvious, resulting in a significant temperature difference between the sunny side and the back-shading side of the building. By comparison, the back-shading side is very cold in winter.

[0004] This problem is particularly serious in the East Asian monsoon region. Because of the East Asian monsoon region including northern China, the low temperature in winter is not entirely due to a significant decrease in solar radiation, but largely due to the invasion of Siberian cold air (Han Aixing, Zhang Haiwen. China's building energy-saving work and technology development status [C] / / Enhance independent innovation ability to promote Jilin economic development - Qiming Cup · Jilin Province the fourth session of the scientific and technological academic papers (Volume I). 2006). In addition to this, the back-shading side also has the cooling effect of north wind and snow, so the temperature difference between the sunny side and the back-shading side of the building with heating in winter is particularly obvious.

[0005] This problem has been ignored by the housing industry for a long time, and there is no solution to this problem in the academic community. However, residents in such buildings generally use some temporary measures to compensate for the temperature, such as adding personal heating equipment such as electric heaters to the back-shading side to compensate for the temperature, but the energy consumption is obvious.

[0006] In addition, there are some devices for heating using solar energy in the prior art, such as CN101290146A - residential building closed heating system. But this kind of device has great limitations in use, because it can only use vacuum tube type solar collector (the internal of flat plate type solar collector is not vacuumized, in the area where the minimum temperature in winter is less than zero, the water in the copper pipe of the solar collector will freeze and the heat loss is serious, so it cannot be used), and the vacuum tube type solar collector cannot be hung on the building outer wall because a large cylindrical water tank needs to be set on the top, so it can only be used on the top floor or bungalow. But the top floor or bungalow itself has no obvious temperature difference between the sunny side and the shady side due to the sunlight heating effect of the roof, so it does not need to be heated and compensated, and central heating is enough. SUMMARY

[0007] The application provides a building shady side heating compensation system and a compensation method.

[0008] The technical problem to be solved is that the heating radiators of central heating are uniformly arranged, the sunny side of the building has additional heating by sunlight, and the shady side has cooling effect of north wind and accumulated ice and snow, resulting in obvious temperature difference between the sunny side and the shady side, and the indoor of the shady side is particularly cold.

[0009] To solve the above technical problem, the application adopts the following technical scheme: a building shady side heating compensation system, comprising a collector arranged at a position of the sunny side of the building which can be directly irradiated by sunlight, a condenser arranged in the indoor of the shady side of the building, and a hot water tank arranged in the indoor and used for storing hot water; the hot water tank is a heat preservation water tank;

[0010] The collector comprises a light absorbing box suspended in a light transmitting vacuum outer box, one side of the light absorbing box facing the sun is coated with light absorbing paint, and the box is filled with refrigerant; the upper end of the light absorbing box is communicated with the inlet of the condenser and the inlet of the heat exchange coil in the hot water tank through heat preservation pipes; the outlet of the condenser and the heat exchange coil is communicated with the inlet of a circulating pump through heat preservation pipes, and the outlet of the circulating pump is communicated with the bottom of the vacuum outer box through a heat preservation pipe.

[0011] Further, the collector comprises a plate-shaped vacuum outer box, a plurality of long strip-shaped light absorbing boxes are arranged side by side in the vacuum outer box, the upper end outlet of each light absorbing box is connected to a heat preservation pipe marked as steam main pipe, and the lower end outlet is connected to a heat preservation pipe marked as liquid return main pipe; the side wall of the vacuum outer box facing the sun is a tempered glass plate, and the wall of the vacuum outer box parallel to the tempered glass is marked as the shady wall; a box support column for preventing the vacuum outer box from being pressed by external air is top supported between the tempered glass plate and the shady wall, the box support column is uniformly arranged between adjacent light absorbing boxes and has a spacing with each light absorbing box;

[0012] The heat preservation tubes in the vacuum outer box are all hard tubes, the steam main pipe and the liquid return main pipe are supported between the upper and lower ends of the vacuum outer box and are separated from the inner surface of the vacuum outer box by means of heat preservation tube supports; the heat preservation tube supports are supported between the toughened glass plate and the back sun wall, and gaps are left between the light absorption box and the toughened glass plate and between the light absorption box and the back sun wall; the positions where the steam main pipe and the liquid return main pipe pass out of the vacuum outer box are sealed by heat preservation sealing materials.

[0013] Further, a three-way valve for flow distribution is arranged at the intersection position of the heat exchange coil and the inlet pipeline of the condenser.

[0014] Further, a buffer tank for avoiding the air lock caused by the non-condensed steam rushing into the circulating pump is arranged at the inlet of the circulating pump, the buffer tank is a pressure-resistant heat preservation tank, the outlet pipeline of the heat exchange coil and the condenser is connected to the top of the buffer tank, and the inlet of the circulating pump is communicated with the bottom of the buffer tank.

[0015] Further, the circulating pump is a variable frequency pump, and an outlet pressure gauge is arranged at the outlet of the circulating pump.

[0016] Further, a throttling orifice plate is arranged at the top outlet of each light absorption box.

[0017] Further, the pipelines between the heat collector, the hot water tank and the condenser all monotonously rise or monotonously descend.

[0018] Further, the condenser is a finned radiator.

[0019] Further, the refrigerant is a low-pressure high-temperature refrigerant.

[0020] A building back sun surface heating compensation method adopts the building back sun surface heating compensation system to compensate the temperature of the building back sun position and simultaneously generate hot water; the refrigerant in the heat collector is heated and vaporized into refrigerant steam by sunlight and then is introduced into the condenser and the heat exchange coil, is condensed into refrigerant liquid in the condenser and the heat exchange coil and releases heat, so that the room with insufficient heating of the building back sun surface is heated and the water in the hot water tank is heated.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the building back sun surface heating compensation system and the compensation method have the following beneficial effects:

[0022] In this invention, the refrigerant is vaporized using a solar collector, and the refrigerant vapor is transported to a condenser on the shaded side for condensation and heat release. This transfers heat from the sunny side to the shaded side to overcome the temperature difference between them. Simultaneously, some of the refrigerant vapor condenses in the heat exchange coils in the hot water tank, thereby generating hot water. Furthermore, since the heat is transferred from the high-temperature side to the low-temperature side in this invention, the vaporization and condensation processes can occur spontaneously, without the need for high-energy-consuming equipment such as compressors in air conditioners to pressurize and force the refrigerant vapor to condense.

[0023] In this invention, a solar collector is formed by suspending several light-absorbing boxes filled with refrigerant inside a vacuum outer box supported by support columns. The light-absorbing boxes are completely isolated from the external environment, so there is no heat loss due to heat exchange with the external environment. At the same time, since the fluid flowing inside the entire device is refrigerant, it will not freeze, so it can be used in areas with temperatures below 0 degrees Celsius. It can also be hung on the exterior wall of a building, so it can be applied to high-rise buildings that are not on the top floor. It combines the advantages of both vacuum tube solar collectors and flat plate solar collectors.

[0024] In this invention, since all heat exchange equipment uses high-efficiency phase change heat transfer, large heat exchangers are not required (phase change heat transfer has a high convective heat transfer coefficient), and the required refrigerant flow rate is also very low (the phase change enthalpy in phase change heat transfer is much greater than the specific heat capacity). The circulating pump only needs a model with very low power to meet the requirements, and the equipment cost and operating cost of the entire system are low. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Fig. 1 This is a plan view of a building shaded side heating compensation system according to the present invention;

[0026] Fig. 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the solar collector;

[0027] 1-Collector, 11-Vacuum outer box, 12-Light-absorbing box, 13-Insulation pipe support, 14-Outer box support column, 2-Condenser, 3-Hot water tank, 4-Three-way valve, 5-Circulation pump. Detailed Implementation

[0028] like Figs. 1-2 As shown, a building shaded side heating compensation system includes a solar collector 1 installed on the sunny side of the building where it can be directly exposed to sunlight, a condenser 2 installed indoors on the shaded side of the building, and a hot water tank 3 installed indoors for storing hot water; the hot water tank 3 is an insulated water tank.

[0029] The heat collector 1 comprises a light-absorbing box 12 suspended in a light-transmitting vacuum outer box 11, the light-absorbing box 12 is coated with light-absorbing paint on the side facing the sun (the light-absorbing paint in the existing solar heat collector 1 can be directly used) and is filled with refrigerant; the upper end of the light-absorbing box 12 is communicated with the inlet of the condenser 2 and the inlet of the heat exchange coil in the hot water tank 3 through heat preservation pipes; the outlet of the condenser 2 and the heat exchange coil are connected to the inlet of the circulating pump 5 through heat preservation pipes, and the outlet of the circulating pump 5 is connected to the bottom of the vacuum outer box 11 through a heat preservation pipe.

[0030] Here, the heat collector 1 can be hung on the outer wall of the building or placed on the balcony, and its appearance is exactly the same as that of the flat-plate solar heat collector 1, so it can be arranged on the wall when hung on the outer wall or arranged vertically to the sunlight when placed on the balcony. Of course, it can also be placed on the roof or the ground near the bungalow.

[0031] Note that the refrigerant should not completely fill the light-absorbing box 12, and a space of about 10 cm high should be left at the top to prevent the refrigerant from overflowing.

[0032] The heat collector 1 comprises a plate-shaped vacuum outer box 11, and a plurality of long strip-shaped light-absorbing boxes 12 are arranged side by side in the vacuum outer box 11; the upper end outlet of each light-absorbing box 12 is connected to a heat preservation pipe marked as a steam main pipe, and the lower end outlet is connected to a heat preservation pipe marked as a liquid return main pipe; the side wall of the vacuum outer box 11 facing the sun is a tempered glass plate, and the side wall of the vacuum outer box 11 parallel to the tempered glass is marked as a shaded wall; a box support column 14 for preventing the vacuum outer box 11 from being pressed by external air (because the vacuum outer box 11 has a large area, the rigidity is low) is supported between the tempered glass plate and the shaded wall; the box support column 14 is uniformly arranged between adjacent light-absorbing boxes 12 and has a spacing with each light-absorbing box 12; unlike double glazing, the vacuum outer box 11 only needs to ensure that the light-absorbing box 12 and the pipeline inside are not in heat exchange with the outside, and does not need to be free of heat exchange between the box walls, so the box support column 14 does not need to be made of heat preservation material, and only needs to be free of contact with the light-absorbing box 12 and the pipeline.

[0033] That is to say, here is not like the flat-plate solar collector 1 with the built-in black glass plate to absorb light, and then the glass plate to the heat transfer to the copper pipe next to the glass plate heated copper pipe in the water, but directly by the light absorption box 12 to absorb heat, so the light absorption box 12 does not need to use copper, can be made of steel, and the pipe connected to the top can be made of cast iron or steel, thereby significantly reducing the cost. And because the light absorption box 12 here is vacuum outside, inside the pressure to support its shape, the stiffness requirement is very low, so you can use stamping or gold such as lightweight and inexpensive thin-walled structure, but should be sealed to the joint. At the same time, the vacuum outer box 11 here can directly use the existing flat-plate solar collector 1 structure, that is, a metal (usually aluminum alloy) bottom, plus a tempered glass cover, but should be sealed.

[0034] The heat preservation pipe in the vacuum outer box 11 is a hard pipe, and the steam main pipe and the liquid return main pipe are supported between the upper and lower ends of the vacuum outer box 11 and are separated from the inner surface of the vacuum outer box 11 by means of the heat preservation pipe support 13; the heat preservation pipe support 13 is supported between the tempered glass plate and the shady wall, and the light absorption box 12 is left with a gap between the tempered glass plate and the shady wall; the position where the steam main pipe and the liquid return main pipe pass out of the vacuum outer box 11 is sealed by heat preservation sealing material (usually soft rubber).

[0035] Here, each technical feature is combined: the heat preservation pipe support 13 suspends the pipes in the vacuum outer box 11 and the light absorption box 12, and the pipes in the vacuum outer box 11 and the light absorption box 12 are not in contact with the walls of the vacuum outer box 11, so that these relatively hot components are separated from the outside environment by the vacuum, and the heat preservation pipe support 13 and the position where the pipes pass out of the vacuum outer box 11 are broken by the heat preservation material. Note that the heat preservation pipe support 13 needs to be made of hard heat preservation material.

[0036] The heat exchange coil and the inlet pipe of the condenser 2 are crossed, and a three-way valve 4 is provided for flow distribution. The three-way valve 4 here is used to distribute the flow of refrigerant vapor entering the hot water tank 3 and the condenser 2, so as to adjust the hot water temperature and the heating compensation degree, adapt to the preferences of different users, and allow the flow to be completely distributed to the hot water tank 3 when heating is not needed. The reason why the three-way valve 4 is used instead of two separate valves in the two branches is to avoid the danger of the user closing both valves.

[0037] A buffer tank is also arranged at the inlet of the circulating pump 5 to avoid the non-condensed steam rushing into the circulating pump 5 to cause air lock. The buffer tank is a pressure-resistant and heat-insulating tank. The heat exchange coil and the outlet pipeline of the condenser 2 are connected to the top of the buffer tank, and the inlet of the circulating pump 5 is communicated with the bottom of the buffer tank. The capacity of the buffer tank should be larger than the total volume of all the liquid refrigerants, so that only the circulating pump 5 needs to be stopped when not in use. With the passage of time, all the refrigerants will be filled into the buffer tank and safely stored in the room, avoiding the refrigerants being exposed to the sun for a long time in the collector 1 in the non-circulating state during long-term non-use.

[0038] The circulating pump 5 is a variable frequency pump, and an outlet pressure gauge is arranged at the outlet of the circulating pump 5. Here, the outlet pressure of the circulating pump 5 determines the temperature of the refrigerant vapor, that is, the upper limit of the hot water temperature in the hot water tank 3, so the circulating pump 5 needs to use a variable frequency pump to adjust the outlet pressure, and an outlet pressure gauge is arranged to monitor. Of course, an outlet valve can be arranged between the outlet pressure gauge and the circulating pump 5, but this has a problem that it is not as energy-saving as the variable frequency pump.

[0039] A throttling orifice plate is arranged at the top outlet of each light absorption box 12. The throttling orifice plate here is used to reduce the pressure of the refrigerant vapor to avoid its liquefaction during pipeline flow to cause energy loss and blockage of the pipeline. Of course, the pipelines between the collector 1 and the hot water tank 3 and the condenser 2 can also be arranged to monotonously rise or monotonously fall, so that even if there is liquefaction during the flow process, the liquefied refrigerant will not accumulate in the pipeline.

[0040] The condenser 2 is a finned radiator, which is a very common and low-cost condenser 2 that can be directly purchased from the market, and will not be described here.

[0041] The refrigerant is a low-pressure high-temperature refrigerant, such as R114, so the circulating pump 5 only needs to pressurize the liquid refrigerant to about three atmospheres of gauge pressure to ensure that the hot water in the hot water tank 3 is hot enough. The energy consumption of pressurizing the liquid to this pressure is very low.

[0042] A building back shading heating compensation method uses the above-mentioned building back shading heating compensation system to compensate for the temperature of the building back shading position and simultaneously generate hot water. The refrigerant in the collector 1 is heated and vaporized by sunlight to become refrigerant vapor, which is then introduced into the condenser 2 and the heat exchange coil. In the condenser 2 and the heat exchange coil, it is condensed into refrigerant liquid and releases heat, thereby providing heating for the room with insufficient heating on the building back shading surface and heating the water in the hot water tank 3.

[0043] The above-described embodiments are only used to describe the preferred embodiments of the present application, and do not limit the scope of the present application. Without departing from the design spirit of the present application, various modifications and improvements to the technical solutions of the present application made by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A building reverse face heating compensation system, characterized in that: The heat collector (1) is arranged on the sunny side of the building, the condenser (2) is arranged on the shady side of the building, and the hot water tank (3) is arranged in the room and used for storing hot water. The heat collector (1) comprises light-absorbing boxes (12) which are suspended in the transparent vacuum outer box (11), the sunny side of the light-absorbing box (12) is coated with light-absorbing paint, and the light-absorbing box (12) is filled with refrigerant; the upper end of the light-absorbing box (12) is communicated with the inlet of the condenser (2) and the inlet of the heat exchange coil in the hot water tank (3) through heat preservation pipes; the outlet of the condenser (2) and the heat exchange coil is communicated with the inlet of the circulating pump (5) through heat preservation pipes, and the outlet of the circulating pump (5) is communicated with the bottom of the vacuum outer box (11) through heat preservation pipes. A throttling orifice is arranged at the top outlet of each light-absorbing box (12) to reduce the pressure of the refrigerant vapor and avoid energy loss and pipe blockage caused by vapor liquefaction during pipeline flow. The refrigerant in the heat collector (1) is heated and vaporized by sunlight to become refrigerant vapor, which is then introduced into the condenser (2) and the heat exchange coil, and condensed into refrigerant liquid in the condenser (2) and the heat exchange coil, thereby releasing heat and providing heating for the room on the shady side of the building and heating the water in the hot water tank (3). The heat collector (1) comprises a plate-shaped vacuum outer box (11), a plurality of long strip-shaped light-absorbing boxes (12) are arranged side by side in the vacuum outer box (11), the upper end outlet of each light-absorbing box (12) is connected to a heat preservation pipe marked as a vapor main pipe, and the lower end outlet is connected to a heat preservation pipe marked as a liquid return main pipe; the side wall of the vacuum outer box (11) facing the sun is a tempered glass plate, and the side wall of the vacuum outer box (11) parallel to the tempered glass plate is marked as a shady wall; a vacuum outer box support column (14) is arranged between the tempered glass plate and the shady wall to prevent the vacuum outer box (11) from being compressed by external air pressure, and the vacuum outer box support column (14) is uniformly arranged between adjacent light-absorbing boxes (12) and spaced apart from each light-absorbing box (12); The heat preservation pipes in the vacuum outer box (11) are hard pipes, the vapor main pipe and the liquid return main pipe are supported between the upper and lower ends of the vacuum outer box (11) and are separated from the inner surface of the vacuum outer box (11) by heat preservation pipe supports (13); the heat preservation pipe supports (13) are supported between the tempered glass plate and the shady wall, and gaps are left between the light-absorbing boxes (12) and the tempered glass plate and the shady wall; the positions where the vapor main pipe and the liquid return main pipe pass out of the vacuum outer box (11) are sealed by heat preservation sealing materials; the heat preservation pipe supports (13) suspend the pipes and light-absorbing boxes (12) in the vacuum outer box (11), and the pipes and light-absorbing boxes (12) in the vacuum outer box (11) are not in contact with the walls of the vacuum outer box (11); The refrigerant is R114, and the circulating pump (5) needs to pressurize the liquid refrigerant to three atmospheres of gauge pressure. The circulating pump (5) is also provided with a buffer tank at the inlet thereof for avoiding the non-condensed steam from rushing into the circulating pump (5) to cause air binding, the buffer tank is a pressure-resistant heat-insulating tank, the heat exchange coil and the outlet pipeline of the condenser (2) are communicated with the top of the buffer tank, and the inlet of the circulating pump (5) is communicated with the bottom of the buffer tank; the capacity of the buffer tank is larger than the total volume of all the liquid refrigerants.

2. A building fagade heating compensation system according to claim 1, characterized in that A three-way valve (4) for flow distribution is arranged at the intersection position of the heat exchange coil and the inlet pipeline of the condenser (2).

3. A building fagade heating compensation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circulating pump (5) is a variable frequency pump, and the outlet of the circulating pump (5) is provided with an outlet pressure gauge.

4. The building fagade heating and cooling compensation system of claim 1, wherein: The pipelines between the heat collector (1), the hot water tank (3) and the condenser (2) are all monotonously ascending or monotonously descending.

5. The building fagade heating and cooling compensation system according to claim 1, wherein: The condenser (2) is a finned radiator.

6. A method of compensating for a building's shady side heating, characterized by: The building back-shaded heating compensation system of claim 1 is used for temperature compensation of a building back-shaded position and simultaneously produces hot water.

Images