Mechanized mining of parallel thin veins

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of parallel thin vein mechanized mining method, by using the way of half intra-vein in parallel vein interval to construct slope, it is back to construction in vein interval, simultaneously, using the mining layering in vein as intra-vein walking passage, using double layering synchronous stoping mode in vein, can effectively reduce the engineering quantity of slope, simplify mining preparation engineering, realize low mining cutting ratio, small engineering quantity mining preparation.Meanwhile, by constructing ore chute in vein interval, using rock drilling jumbo to drill rock for layering stoping, using shovel-truck to mine, can improve the degree of mechanization, reduce overall engineering quantity, reduce mining cutting ratio, and further reduce overall mining cost, achieve the purpose of parallel thin vein mechanized mining.This parallel thin vein mechanized mining method can realize the angle adjustment of vein interval slope, and is suitable for the mechanized efficient mining of thin vein with a vein inclination of more than 30°.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mining technology, and in particular to a mechanized mining method for parallel thin veins. Background Technology

[0002] In my country, precious metal veins are mostly developed in parallel, multi-vein formations, especially in gold, tungsten, and lead-zinc mines. There are two conventional methods for mining these veins: individual mining, where each vein is prepared separately, and combined mining, which uses external inclined ramps and connects the mining tunnels for unified preparation. Without a supporting backfilling system, individual mining of parallel veins can easily lead to some veins being unrecoverable and a large amount of cutting work. The external inclined ramp method, when the vein spacing is large, can easily result in an excessively high cut-to-recovery ratio. In practice, both methods have certain limitations, and controlling the cut-to-recovery ratio is difficult, leading to high recovery costs and poor economic efficiency.

[0003] In the prior art, patent CN108060924B discloses a mechanized combined mining method for steeply inclined multi-layered thin ore bodies. This method combines multiple thin ore bodies into a single vein, arranges inclined ramps outside the vein, performs unified preparation, connects them via layered connecting tunnels, and employs a layered backfilling mining method for extraction. However, this method involves a large amount of cutting work and has high mining costs. Furthermore, when the ore vein is relatively gentle, the amount of cutting work will increase further.

[0004] In view of this, it is necessary to design a mechanized mining method for parallel thin veins to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a mechanized mining method for parallel thin veins. By constructing inclined ramps in a semi-vein manner between parallel veins, and turning back between veins, the method utilizes the mining layers within the vein as the walking channel within the vein. A double-layer synchronous mining mode is adopted within the vein, which can effectively reduce the amount of engineering work for inclined ramps, simplify the preparation engineering, and achieve a low mining-to-cut ratio and a small amount of preparation work.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, this invention provides a method for mechanized mining of parallel thin veins, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Mining layout: Classify the occurrence of the ore veins and arrange the mining areas along the ore veins;

[0008] S2. Inclined ramp construction: The first and second veins are divided into several layers along the vein height direction, and an inclined ramp is constructed between the first and second veins in a half-vein manner.

[0009] S3. Vein mining: Based on the ramps described in step S2, back-mining is carried out between veins, and synchronous mining is carried out between adjacent layers within the vein. After mining is completed, sealing and backfilling are carried out.

[0010] S4. Collapsed ore transportation: The loader transports the collapsed ore to the ore pass through the connecting roadway connected to the inclined ramp, then through the vein transport roadway to the external transport roadway, and finally into the hoisting and transport system for transfer processing.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S2, the construction method of the ramp is as follows: the ramp is constructed vertically from the first layer of the first vein to the second layer of the second vein, then the ramp is constructed vertically from the third layer of the second vein to the second layer of the first vein, then the ramp is constructed vertically from the third layer of the first vein to the fourth layer of the second vein, and so on, to gradually complete the construction of the ramp.

[0012] As a further improvement of the present invention, in step S3, the specific operation of the vein mining is as follows: First, the first layer of the second vein is mined; then, after the first layer of the first vein is mined, the second vein is mined from the ramp to the second layer of the second vein. After mining to the boundary of the mining area, the third layer of the second vein is mined in a retreating manner. After mining is completed, the vein is sealed and backfilled; then, the second vein is mined from the ramp to the second layer of the first vein. After mining to the boundary of the mining area, the third layer of the first vein is mined in a retreating manner. After mining is completed, the vein is sealed and backfilled; then, the second vein is mined from the ramp to the fourth layer of the second vein, and so on, to gradually complete the vein mining.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present invention, a plurality of cross-vein transport tunnels are provided between the first vein and the second vein.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present invention, a vein-side roadway is provided at the junction of the vein and the ore vein.

[0015] As a further improvement of the present invention, the extra-pulse transport lane is disposed at one end of the trans-pulse transport lane.

[0016] As a further improvement of the present invention, the vein transport tunnels are respectively located at the bottom and upper middle part of the vein.

[0017] As a further improvement of the present invention, the ore chute is located between the bottom cross-vein transport roadway and the upper and middle cross-vein transport roadway.

[0018] As a further improvement of the present invention, the length of the mining area is 80-100m, the width is the width of the ore vein, and the height is the height of the middle section.

[0019] As a further improvement of the present invention, the parallel thin vein mechanized mining method is applicable to the mining of thin veins with a dip angle of 30° or more.

[0020] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0021] 1. This invention is based on the setting method of the inclined ramp within the vein, which allows for construction to be carried out in a back-turning manner between veins. At the same time, the mining layers within the vein are used as the walking channels within the vein. The double-layer mining mode is adopted within the vein, which can effectively reduce the amount of engineering work of the inclined ramp, simplify the mining preparation engineering, and achieve a low mining-cutting ratio and a small amount of engineering preparation.

[0022] 2. This invention simplifies the mining preparation process by setting inclined ramps between and within parallel veins. It can adjust the mining layer height and the length of the inclined ramps within the vein according to the vein spacing and vein angle, thereby achieving the adjustment of the inclined ramp angle between veins. It is suitable for the mechanized and efficient mining of thin veins with a vein dip angle of more than 30°.

[0023] 3. The entire process of this invention adopts trolley operation, which reduces labor intensity, increases safety, and allows for simultaneous mining of multiple veins and working faces, resulting in higher equipment utilization and greater production capacity.

[0024] 4. The present invention employs a layered synchronous mining method within the ore vein, mining two layers of ore body and constructing a ore pass between the ore veins for transporting caving ore. Layered mining uses a rock drilling rig for drilling and a loader for ore extraction, which can improve the degree of mechanization, reduce the overall workload, reduce the mining-to-cut ratio, and thus reduce the overall mining cost, achieving the goal of mechanized and efficient mining of parallel thin ore veins. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a front view of the parallel thin vein mechanized mining method of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram (II-II) of the parallel thin vein mechanized mining method of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram (III-III) of the parallel thin vein mechanized mining method of the present invention.

[0028] Figure Labels

[0029] 11. Bottom external haulage roadway; 12. Along-vein roadway; 13. Bottom cross-vein haulage roadway; 21. Upper-middle external haulage roadway; 22. Upper-middle cross-vein haulage roadway; 30. Inclined ramp; 41. Ore pass connecting roadway; 42. Ore pass; 51. Collapsed ore; 52. Shallow hole; 61. Ore body; 62. Stope boundary; 70. Mining layer; 80. Cemented backfill area; 91. First vein; 92. Second vein. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] It should also be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention with unnecessary details, only the structures and / or processing steps closely related to the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, while other details that are not closely related to the present invention are omitted.

[0032] Additionally, it should be noted that the terms “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0033] like Figure 1-3 As shown, the present invention provides a method for mechanized mining of parallel thin veins, comprising the following steps:

[0034] S1. Classify the occurrence of the ore vein, arrange the mining areas along the ore vein, and divide the ore body 61 into several mining areas according to the mining area boundary line 62. The length of the mining area is 80-100m, the width is the width of the ore vein, and the height is the height of the middle section.

[0035] S2. Divide the first vein 91 and the second vein 92 into several mining layers 70 along the vein height direction. First, mine the first layer ① of the second vein 92. Then, after mining the first layer ① of the first vein 91, construct a ramp 30 vertically towards the second layer ② of the second vein 92. Mining proceeds from the ramp 30 to the second layer ② of the second vein 92. After mining to the boundary of the mining area, retreat mining proceeds towards the third layer ③ of the second vein 92. After the initial mining is completed, the area is sealed and backfilled. Then, a ramp 30 is constructed vertically from the third layer of the second vein 92 to the second layer of the first vein 91. Mining is carried out from the ramp 30 to the second layer of the first vein 91. After mining to the boundary of the mining area, the third layer of the first vein 91 is mined in a retreating manner. After mining is completed, the area is sealed and backfilled. Then, a ramp 30 is constructed vertically from the third layer of the first vein 91 to the fourth layer of the second vein 92, and so on, for vein mining.

[0036] S3. Using a loader, the collapsed ore 51 is transported to the ore pass 42 via the ore pass connecting roadway 41 connected to the inclined ramp 30, then transported to the external transport roadway via the vein transport roadway, and finally enters the hoisting transport system for transfer processing.

[0037] Specifically, the 30° angle of the ramp is determined according to the vein occurrence, vein spacing, and stratification height. The vein strata are numbered from bottom to top; the mining area is operated by drilling rigs to construct shallow holes 52, and ore is extracted by loaders, with a single loader responsible for 3-5 working faces.

[0038] Specifically, after the mined area is sealed and filled, a cemented backfill zone of 80 is formed.

[0039] Specifically, several cross-vein transport roadways are set between the first vein 91 and the second vein 92, located at the bottom and upper middle of the vein respectively. A vein-side roadway 12 is set at the junction of the cross-vein transport roadway and the vein. A bottom vein external transport roadway 11 is set at one end of the bottom cross-vein transport roadway 13, and an upper middle vein external transport roadway 21 is set at one end of the upper middle cross-vein transport roadway 22. A ore pass 42 is set between the bottom cross-vein transport roadway 13 and the upper middle cross-vein transport roadway 22.

[0040] Specifically, the parallel thin vein mechanized mining method is applicable to the mining of thin veins with a dip angle of 30° or more.

[0041] In summary, the parallel thin vein mechanized mining method disclosed in this invention, by constructing inclined ramps 30 in a semi-vein manner between parallel veins, and then turning back between veins, while utilizing the mining layers within the vein as the vein's walking passage, and employing a double-layer mining mode within the vein, effectively reduces the workload of the inclined ramps 30, simplifies the preparation work, and achieves low mining-to-cut ratio and minimal preparation work. Simultaneously, by constructing ore chutes 42 between veins, using drilling rigs for layered mining, and utilizing loaders for ore extraction, the degree of mechanization is improved, the overall workload is reduced, the mining-to-cut ratio is lowered, and thus the overall mining cost is reduced, achieving the goal of efficient mechanized mining of parallel thin veins. This parallel thin vein mechanized mining method of the present invention can adjust the angle of the inter-vein inclined ramps 30 and is suitable for efficient mechanized mining of thin veins with a dip angle of 30° or higher.

[0042] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for mechanized mining of parallel thin veins, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Mining layout: Classify the occurrence of the ore veins and arrange the mining areas along the ore veins; S2. Inclined ramp construction: The first and second veins are divided into several layers along their height. Inclined ramps are constructed between the first and second veins in a half-vein manner. The ramps are released as follows: the ramps are constructed vertically from the first vein layer ① to the second vein layer ②, then from the second vein layer ③ to the first vein layer ②, then from the first vein layer ③ to the second vein layer ④, and so on, to gradually complete the ramp construction. S3. Vein Mining: Based on the ramp setup described in step S2, back-mining is carried out between veins, and synchronous mining is performed between adjacent layers within the vein. After mining is completed, sealing and backfilling are performed. Specifically, the vein mining method is as follows: First, the first layer of the second vein is mined. Then, after mining the first layer of the first vein, mining proceeds from the ramp to the second layer of the second vein. After mining to the boundary, the third layer of the second vein is mined in a retreating manner. After mining, sealing and backfilling are performed. Then, mining proceeds from the ramp to the second layer of the first vein. After mining to the boundary, the third layer of the first vein is mined in a retreating manner. After mining, sealing and backfilling are performed. Then, mining proceeds from the ramp to the fourth layer of the second vein, and so on, gradually completing the vein mining. S4. Collapsed ore transportation: The loader transports the collapsed ore to the ore pass through the connecting roadway connected to the inclined ramp, then through the vein transport roadway to the external transport roadway, and finally into the hoisting and transport system for transfer processing.

2. The mechanized mining method for parallel thin veins according to claim 1, characterized in that: Several cross-vein transport tunnels are set between the first vein and the second vein.

3. The mechanized mining method for parallel thin veins according to claim 2, characterized in that: The section where the haulage roadway intersects the ore vein is equipped with a vein-side roadway.

4. The mechanized mining method for parallel thin veins according to claim 2, characterized in that: The external transport lane is located at one end of the through-vein transport lane.

5. The mechanized mining method for parallel thin veins according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cross-vein transport tunnels are respectively located at the bottom and upper middle part of the vein.

6. The mechanized mining method for parallel thin veins according to claim 5, characterized in that: The ore pass is located between the bottom cross-vessel transport roadway and the upper-middle cross-vessel transport roadway.

7. The mechanized mining method for parallel thin veins according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the mining area is 80-100m, the width is the width of the ore vein, and the height is the height of the middle section.

8. The mechanized mining method for parallel thin veins according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parallel thin vein mechanized mining method is applicable to the mining of thin veins with a dip angle of 30° or more.

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