Experimental equipment and method for chasing, blocking, guiding and luring fish

Abstract

This invention provides an experimental device and method for attracting, blocking, guiding, and enticing fish. The bottom center of the experimental fish tank is hinged to a base. Multiple lifting devices connect the fish tank to the base on both sides of the hinge point. One end of the fish tank has an outlet, and the other end has a return channel, which is connected to the outlet via a pump to form a circulation system. A sliding experimental platform is mounted on the fish tank, and the experimental device for attracting, blocking, guiding, and enticing fish is installed on the platform. Fish-blocking nets are installed inside the fish tank and on both sides of the platform. This helps us better understand how to protect marine and freshwater ecosystems. In summary, the purpose of constructing this experimental device for attracting, blocking, guiding, and enticing fish is to protect fishery resources and the ecological environment, and to promote sustainable development.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fish swimming experiments, and in particular to an experimental device and method for driving, blocking, guiding and attracting fish. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects, the original continuous river ecosystem has been fragmented into discontinuous environmental units, resulting in ecological fragmentation. The construction and operation of these projects will prevent migratory fish from reaching their original habitats, affecting their survival and reproduction. This may lead to a decline in population size, loss of genetic diversity in fish populations, and degradation of the quality of economically important fish species, ultimately impacting fish resources. Therefore, in order to protect fish resources and restore river biodiversity, water conservancy projects are increasingly incorporating different types of fish passage facilities. These fish passage facilities are generally studied through hydraulic model tests of fishways.

[0003] Some fish cannot detect the entrance to the fishway when entering the dam area because the entrance is often designed to blend into the surrounding environment, making it difficult for fish to visually distinguish. Furthermore, the entrance to the fishway usually has flow control structures such as gates and grilles, which can also affect the fish's visual and olfactory perception. Therefore, to help fish find the fishway entrance quickly and efficiently, various fish-driving, blocking, and guiding devices are installed outside the entrance, while various fish-attracting devices are installed at the entrance to encourage fish to approach. However, most current methods use special materials or chemicals to attract fish, but these methods are affected by water flow and cannot be used for extended periods. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide an experimental device and method for driving, blocking, guiding, and attracting fish, thereby solving the problem that some fish cannot detect the entrance to the fish passage when they enter the dam area.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an experimental device for driving, blocking, guiding and attracting fish, wherein the bottom middle of the experimental fish tank is hinged to the base, and the two sides of the hinge position of the experimental fish tank are connected to the base through multiple lifting devices. One end of the experimental fish tank is provided with a water outlet, and the other end is provided with a return tank. The return tank is connected to the water outlet through a pump body to form a circulation.

[0006] The experimental fish tank is equipped with a sliding experimental platform, on which experimental equipment for driving, blocking, guiding, and attracting fish is installed.

[0007] Fish-blocking nets are installed inside the experimental fish tank and on both sides of the experimental table.

[0008] In the preferred embodiment, the experimental equipment for driving, blocking, guiding, and attracting fish on the experimental platform includes: a sound-generating device, a pulse voltage rod, and a light-emitting device.

[0009] In the preferred embodiment, the experimental platform is provided with a first drive mounting base and a second drive mounting base with the same structure on both sides. A second motor is provided on the movable plate of the first drive mounting base. The gear on the second motor meshes with the second rack of the experimental platform. The movable plate of the first drive mounting base is slidably connected to the experimental platform. A lifting column is provided on one side of the second motor. A lifting mounting plate is slidably provided on the lifting column. Experimental equipment for driving, blocking, guiding and attracting fish is installed at the lower end of the lifting mounting plate.

[0010] In the preferred embodiment, the lower end of the lifting mounting plate is connected to the sound-generating mounting frame, and multiple sound-generating devices are mounted on the sound-generating device.

[0011] In the preferred embodiment, the lifting column has a hollow structure inside, with an opening on one side of the hollow structure, and a screw rod inside the lifting column;

[0012] The screw is connected to the third motor, and the nut slider on the upper end of the lifting mounting plate is slidably connected to the inside of the lifting column and threadedly connected to the screw.

[0013] In the preferred embodiment, a water flow velocity meter is installed on the lifting mounting plate of the second drive mounting base.

[0014] In the preferred embodiment, the pulse mounting base is mounted on the lifting mounting plate, and the pulse mounting base is provided with multiple vertically arranged pulse voltage rods, and the pulse voltage rods are provided with multiple vertical pulse contacts;

[0015] Multiple pulse voltage rods are electrically connected to the pulse power supply;

[0016] The pulse voltage rods are set with alternating positive and negative poles.

[0017] In the preferred embodiment, a first motor is provided on the experimental platform, and the gear on the first motor meshes with the first rack on the experimental fish tank;

[0018] The experimental platform is also equipped with a mounting rod, which is slidably connected to the platform. The upper end of the mounting rod has a U-shaped hook structure, and a camera is installed at the end of the hook, with the camera facing the experimental fish tank.

[0019] In the preferred embodiment, the fish barrier includes a first fish barrier and a second fish barrier with the same structure;

[0020] The first fish-blocking net panel is slidably connected to the clamping frame, the two ends of the clamping frame are connected to the sliding frame, the two ends of the sliding frame are slidably connected to the two sides of the experimental fish tank, and the width of the first fish-blocking net panel is smaller than the internal width of the experimental fish tank.

[0021] The clamping frame is equipped with a fixing pin, which passes through the clamping frame and the first fish-blocking net plate;

[0022] The sliding frame has locking nuts at both ends, which pass through the sliding frame and rest against the experimental fish tank.

[0023] The method includes:

[0024] S1. Experimental steps for fish to tend to or avoid sound: install a sound-generating mounting bracket on the lifting mounting plate and disassemble the sound-generating device. The fish used in the experiment are placed between the first and second fish-blocking net plates.

[0025] One fish was used in each experiment, and the number of repeated experiments for each experimental background condition was 10 fish.

[0026] S2. Place the fish used in the experiment between the first and second fish-blocking net panels, and adjust the sound source frequency to: 100 Hz, 500 Hz, and 1000 Hz.

[0027] Sound pressure level: 50 dB, 100 dB, 150 dB;

[0028] S3. A total of 10 test conditions were conducted, namely 9 combinations of sound source frequency and intensity, and 1 control group without equipment. A total of 10 sample sizes were replicated, and the number of tests was 100.

[0029] S4. Place a single working condition at half the water depth at one end of the pool, and test the sound source frequency and intensity data of the characteristic points at half the water depth for each working condition, for a total of 9 working conditions. Draw the sound source frequency and intensity distribution map in the pool at half the water depth for the 9 working conditions.

[0030] Example of a single test process for S5 and 100 tests: Place one fish in a tank and let it move freely for 5 minutes. After 5 minutes, the sound source device starts to operate under a single condition, that is, the operation time is 30 minutes. The real-time position of the fish in the tank is observed and recorded by a camera.

[0031] Then, the frequency of fish appearing in different locations is analyzed using human eyes or computer software.

[0032] S6. Since fish will not appear at a decibel level higher than 100, it can be determined that 100 decibels is a sound that fish will flee from and avoid.

[0033] Then a 100-decibel playback device can be installed at the entrance of the tailrace tunnel of the hydropower station;

[0034] This prevents fish from entering the tailrace channel of the hydroelectric power station;

[0035] S7. Disassemble the sound-generating device and the sound-generating mounting bracket, install the pulse mounting base and the pulse voltage rod on the lifting mounting plate, and use the first drive mounting base to control the pulse voltage rod to penetrate into the experimental fish tank.

[0036] The control pulse current is a square wave with a peak voltage of 50-200V, a frequency of 1-20Hz, and a pulse width of 1-5ms.

[0037] The outflow velocity of the experimental fish tank was controlled at 0-1.0 m / s, and the overall flow velocity of the experimental fish tank was controlled.

[0038] Adjusting the aforementioned variable parameters to change the experimental conditions will produce different experimental working conditions;

[0039] Under different working conditions, observe the behavior of the experimental fish in crossing the electric pulse barrier or escaping in the opposite direction after swimming to the vicinity of the electrode for the first time. If the experimental fish can cross the electric pulse barrier, it is recorded that the working condition cannot stop the experimental fish from swimming upstream. If the experimental fish suddenly shows the behavior of escaping in the opposite direction when it approaches the electric pulse barrier, it is recorded that the working condition can stop the experimental fish from swimming upstream.

[0040] Statistical analysis of the interception rate of electric pulses on fish swimming upstream under each working condition;

[0041] The operating condition with the highest interception rate was selected as the operating condition of the electric fish barrier equipment at the tailrace channel inlet of the hydropower station.

[0042] S8. Select the optimal working conditions for sound-based fish blocking and electric fish blocking, and set the optimal working conditions at the inlet of the tailrace channel of the hydropower station to block fish.

[0043] Pulsed voltage has a good interception effect on fish, but this good effect is mainly reflected when the flow rate is low;

[0044] When the current is high, the fish swim at a high speed. The fish rushes forward at high speed. Even if it suddenly encounters a pulse voltage, before the fish can react, it has already passed through the pulse voltage barrier. Although it has received an electric shock from the pulse voltage, it has still crossed the pulse voltage barrier.

[0045] Therefore, pulse voltage cannot effectively intercept fish when the flow rate is high or the fish are swimming at a high speed.

[0046] This invention provides an experimental apparatus and method for assessing the effectiveness of fish-driving, intercepting, guiding, and attracting methods under different conditions. This experimental apparatus can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of various fish-driving, intercepting, guiding, and attracting methods under different conditions. Through this experimental apparatus, we can test different methods of driving, intercepting, guiding, and attracting fish to evaluate their impact on fish. These devices can help us understand the directional responses of different species and sizes of fish to different physical signals such as light, sound, and electricity, and can also help us understand the applicability of various methods under different aquatic conditions. Furthermore, these devices can also be used to evaluate methods for preventing the accidental capture of non-target fish and to assess the effectiveness of various ecological and environmental protection measures. In conclusion, the experimental apparatus for driving, intercepting, guiding, and attracting fish is of great significance for fish conservation and sustainable development.

[0047] The primary purpose of constructing experimental equipment for driving, blocking, guiding, and attracting fish is to evaluate the impact of various methods on fish and to identify the most effective way to increase or decrease the passage of target or non-target fish through fishways, thereby protecting fishery resources and the ecological environment. Furthermore, this experimental equipment can also be used to assess the effectiveness of various ecological and environmental protection measures, helping us better understand how to protect marine and freshwater ecosystems. In conclusion, the purpose of constructing experimental equipment for driving, blocking, guiding, and attracting fish is to protect fishery resources and the ecological environment and promote sustainable development. Attached Figure Description

[0048] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0049] Figure 1 This is a main view structural diagram of the cleaning process of this invention;

[0050] Figure 2 This is a general appearance and structural diagram of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the pusher device of the present invention pushing out the protective housing;

[0052] Figure 4 This is a disassembled structural diagram of the cover plate of the overall protective shell of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 5 This is a structural diagram of the cleaning head and cleaning measuring head of the protective shell of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 6 This is a side view of the protective casing of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 7 This is a side view of the bottom structure of the protective housing of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional side view of the bottom of the protective housing of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 9 This is a structural diagram of the cleaning head and crank arm installation inside the protective housing of the present invention.

[0058] In the diagram: 1. Outlet; 2. Experimental fish tank; 201. Observation glass; 3. Experimental table; 4. Base; 5. Lifting device; 6. Return channel; 7. First guide rail; 8. First fish barrier plate; 801. Clamping frame; 802. Sliding frame; 803. Fixing pin; 804. Locking nut; 9. Second fish barrier plate; 10. Sound generating device; 1001. Sound generating mounting frame; 11. First drive mounting seat; 11. Second motor; 1101. Second rack; 1102. Lifting column; 1103. Third motor; 1104. Lifting mounting plate; 1105. Nut slider; 1106. Screw; 1107. Camera; 12. Mounting rod; 13. Second guide rail; 14. Gear; 15. First motor; 16. First rack; 17. Second drive mounting seat; 18. Water flow velocity meter; 19. Pulse voltage rod; 20. Pulse contact head; 21. Pulse mounting seat; 22. Detailed Implementation

[0059] Example 1

[0060] like Figures 1-9 As shown, an experimental device for driving, blocking, guiding, and attracting fish is provided. The bottom center of the experimental fish tank 2 is hinged to the base 4. Multiple lifting devices 5 connect the fish tank 2 to the base 4 on both sides of the hinge point. One end of the experimental fish tank 2 has an outlet 1, and the other end has a return channel 6, which is connected to the outlet 1 via a pump to form a circulation system. A sliding experimental platform 3 is provided on the experimental fish tank 2, and the experimental device for driving, blocking, guiding, and attracting fish is mounted on the platform 3. Fish-blocking nets are provided inside the experimental fish tank 2 and on both sides of the platform 3. Experimental fish are placed inside the experimental fish tank 2, and the experimental device is used to drive, block, guide, and attract the fish to their destination to test the effectiveness of the fish-guiding method.

[0061] In the preferred embodiment, the experimental equipment for driving away, blocking, guiding, and attracting fish on experimental platform 3 includes: a sound-emitting device 10, a pulse voltage rod 20, and a light-emitting device. The sound-emitting device 10 emits sound to drive away the fish;

[0062] The pulse voltage of the pulse voltage rod 20 has a good interception effect on fish, but this effect is mainly observed at low flow rates. At higher flow rates, fish swim at greater speeds and rush forward. Even if they suddenly encounter the pulse voltage, they haven't had time to react before they have already passed through the pulse voltage barrier. Although they receive the electric shock, they still cross the barrier. Therefore, the pulse voltage is not very effective at intercepting fish at high flow rates or when fish swim at high speeds, thus having certain limitations in its application.

[0063] In the preferred embodiment, the experimental platform 3 has a first drive mounting base 11 and a second drive mounting base 18 with the same structure on both sides. A second motor 1101 is mounted on the movable plate of the first drive mounting base 11. The gear on the second motor 1101 meshes with the second rack 1102 of the experimental platform 3. The movable plate of the first drive mounting base 11 is slidably connected to the experimental platform 3. A lifting column 1103 is located on one side of the second motor 1101. A lifting mounting plate 1105 is slidably mounted on the lifting column 1103. Experimental equipment for driving, blocking, guiding, and attracting fish is mounted at the lower end of the lifting mounting plate 1105. Both the first drive mounting base 11 and the second drive mounting base 18 of the experimental platform 3 can drive the equipment to move up, down, left, and right, facilitating the testing of data at various positions.

[0064] In the preferred embodiment, the lower end of the lifting mounting plate 1105 is connected to the sound-generating mounting bracket 1001, and multiple sound-generating devices 10 are mounted on the sound-generating device 10.

[0065] In the preferred embodiment, the lifting column 1103 has a hollow structure inside, with an opening on one side. A screw 1107 is installed inside the lifting column 1103. The screw 1107 is connected to the third motor 1104. The nut slider 1106 at the upper end of the lifting mounting plate 1105 is slidably connected to the inside of the lifting column 1103 and threadedly connected to the screw 1107. The lifting column 1103 is driven by the third motor 1104 to drive the screw 1107, causing the lifting mounting plate 1105 to slide up and down.

[0066] In a preferred embodiment, a water flow velocity meter 19 is provided on the lifting mounting plate of the second drive mounting base 18. The water flow velocity meter 19 can test the water flow velocity at various locations.

[0067] In the preferred embodiment, the pulse mounting base 22 is mounted on the lifting mounting plate 1105. The pulse mounting base 22 has multiple vertically arranged pulse voltage rods 20, and each pulse voltage rod 20 has multiple vertical pulse contact heads 21. The pulse voltage rods 20 emit pulse voltages, and the vertical pulse contact heads 21 can better diffuse the pulse voltage. The pulse voltage rods 20 are arranged with alternating positive and negative poles.

[0068] Multiple pulse voltage rods 20 are electrically connected to a pulse power supply; the pulse power supply outputs pulse voltage.

[0069] In the preferred embodiment, the experimental platform 3 is equipped with a first motor 16, and the gear 15 on the first motor 16 meshes with the first rack 17 on the experimental fish tank 2; the experimental platform 3 slides automatically on the experimental fish tank 2.

[0070] The experimental platform 3 is also equipped with a mounting rod 13, which is slidably connected to the experimental platform 3. The upper end of the mounting rod 13 has a U-shaped barb structure, and a camera 12 is installed at the end of the barb. The camera 12 is positioned towards the experimental fish tank 2. The mounting rod 13 is used to install the camera 12, which observes the specific movement direction of the fish inside.

[0071] In the preferred embodiment, the fish barrier includes a first fish barrier 8 and a second fish barrier 9 with the same structure;

[0072] The first fish-blocking net plate 8 is slidably connected to the clamping frame 801. Both ends of the clamping frame 801 are connected to the sliding frame 802. Both ends of the sliding frame 802 are slidably connected to the sides of the experimental fish tank 2. The width of the first fish-blocking net plate 8 is smaller than the internal width of the experimental fish tank 2. The clamping frame 801 is provided with a fixing pin 803, which passes through the clamping frame 801 and the first fish-blocking net plate 8. The fixing pin 803 fixes the position and height of the first fish-blocking net plate 8.

[0073] The sliding frame 802 has locking nuts 804 at both ends, which pass through the sliding frame 802 and abut against the experimental fish tank 2. The locking nuts 804 lock the position of the first fish-blocking net plate 8 on the experimental fish tank 2.

[0074] Example 2

[0075] Further explanation in conjunction with Example 1, such as Figure 1-9 The structure shown illustrates the experimental steps for fish to tend towards or avoid acoustics. A sound-generating mounting bracket 1001 is installed on the lifting mounting plate 1105 and the sound-generating device 10 is removed. The experimental fish are placed between the first fish-blocking net plate 8 and the second fish-blocking net plate 9.

[0076] One fish was used in each experiment, and the number of repeated experiments for each experimental background condition was 10 fish.

[0077] The experimental fish were placed between the first fish-blocking net plate 8 and the second fish-blocking net plate 9, and the sound source frequency was adjusted to: 100 Hz, 500 Hz, and 1000 Hz.

[0078] Sound pressure level: 50 dB, 100 dB, 150 dB;

[0079] The total number of tests was 10, namely 9 combinations of sound source frequency and intensity, and 1 control group without equipment. There were a total of 10 sample sizes and 100 tests.

[0080] The sound source frequency is 100 Hz and the sound pressure level is 50 dB; the sound source frequency is 100 Hz and the sound pressure level is 100 dB; the sound source frequency is 100 Hz and the sound pressure level is 150 dB; the sound source frequency is 500 Hz and the sound pressure level is 50 dB; the sound source frequency is 500 Hz and the sound pressure level is 100 dB; the sound source frequency is 500 Hz and the sound pressure level is 150 dB; the sound source frequency is 1000 Hz and the sound pressure level is 50 dB; the sound source frequency is 1000 Hz and the sound pressure level is 100 dB; the sound source frequency is 1000 Hz and the sound pressure level is 150 dB.

[0081] A single working condition was placed at half the water depth at one end of the pool. The sound source frequency and intensity data of the characteristic points at half the water depth were tested under each working condition, for a total of 9 working conditions. The sound source frequency and intensity distribution maps of the pool at half the water depth under the 9 working conditions were plotted.

[0082] Example of a single test in 100 trials: Place one fish in a tank and let it move freely for 5 minutes. After 5 minutes, the sound source device starts to operate under a single condition, that is, the operation time is 30 minutes. The real-time position of the fish in the tank is observed and recorded by a camera.

[0083] Then, the frequency of fish appearing in different locations is analyzed using human eyes or computer software.

[0084] Fish do not appear at decibel levels above 100, so it can be determined that 100 decibels is a sound that fish will flee from and avoid.

[0085] Then a 100-decibel playback device can be installed at the entrance of the tailrace tunnel of the hydropower station;

[0086] This way, fish will not enter the tailrace channel of the hydroelectric power station.

[0087] The auditory system of fish consists of its inner ear, swim bladder, lateral line, and auditory center (Wilson et al., 2009). Fish exhibit acoustic tendency, which is divided into positive and negative acoustic tendency. Positive acoustic tendency refers to the behavior of fish moving towards a sound source upon hearing it, while negative acoustic tendency refers to the behavior of fish fleeing from a sound source upon hearing it (He et al., 1998). Sound-based fish-driving techniques utilize the negative acoustic tendency of fish to achieve the purpose of attracting and stopping them.

[0088] Fish receive and perceive sound through their lateral line system and inner ear (Liu et al., 2019). Both the lateral line system and the inner ear can sense low-frequency vibrations, but the lateral line system can only sense vibrations from sound sources within a range several times the length of the fish's body. In most teleost fish, their inner ear is connected to their swim bladder, which allows them to rise and dive. The swim bladder is highly sensitive to changes in pressure, thus the inner ear can sense sound pressure through it. The ability of fish to sense sound pressure depends on the connection between the inner ear and the swim bladder. Cypriniformes possess Weber's organ, which connects the swim bladder to the inner ear, giving them a wider range of hearing frequencies than non-cyprinid fish (Vetteret et al., 2018).

[0089] Regarding different fish species: Vetter et al. (2015, 2017) found that the sound of a boat motor (0.6-10kHz) could elicit up to 20 consecutive fleeing responses from silver carp and bighead carp from the sound source, but carp showed no negative homing tendency to the sound (Murchy et al., 2017). Nissen et al. (2019) also found that silver carp showed a more pronounced sensitivity to sound. Zhang Peidong et al. (2004) found that when carp and grass carp suddenly heard a continuous 400 Hz sine wave sound source, both species exhibited a startled response and quickly fled away from the sound source, indicating that the sound could indeed have a certain deterrent effect.

[0090] Regarding different sound types: Jesus et al. (2018) used repetitive sinusoidal sweeps of 0-2000 Hz to drive away Dorian carp and Bocaure carp, finding that both species exhibited a continuous escape response from the sound source during a 15-minute broadcast experiment, with rejection rates as high as 88% and 96%, respectively. Qin et al. (2020) and Jesus et al. (2021) found that predator sounds may be more effective at deterring and driving away fish than other types of sounds. Neo et al. (2014, 2015) found that impulse noise has a greater impact on fish than continuous noise. Engas et al. (1995) conducted a sound-based fish-repelling experiment by dividing recorded ship noise into three different frequency ranges, showing that cod and herring only exhibited avoidance responses to noise in their sensitive frequency range. Lovell et al. (2006) found that silver carp have a hearing threshold of up to 3000 Hz, and are most sensitive to frequencies between 750-1500 Hz. Qin et al. (2020) compared the sound pressure levels of the sound source at 132.5 dB and 160 dB, and found that the number of responses to sound by the Lhasa naked carp increased significantly with the increase of sound pressure, and its negative tactile tendency was more obvious. Therefore, sound pressure level is very important in the use of sound to repel fish.

[0091] Example 3

[0092] Further explanation in conjunction with Example 1, such as Figure 1-9 The structure shown.

[0093] Disassemble the sound-generating device 10 and the sound-generating mounting bracket 1001, and install the pulse mounting base 22 and the pulse voltage rod 20 on the lifting mounting plate 1105. The first drive mounting base 11 controls the pulse voltage rod 20 to penetrate into the experimental fish tank 2.

[0094] The control pulse current is a square wave with a peak voltage of 50-200V, a frequency of 1-20Hz, and a pulse width of 1-5ms.

[0095] The outflow velocity of the experimental fish tank 2 was controlled to be 0-1.0 m / s, and the overall flow velocity of the experimental fish tank 2 was controlled.

[0096] Adjusting the aforementioned variable parameters to change the experimental conditions will produce different experimental working conditions;

[0097] Under different working conditions, observe the behavior of the experimental fish in crossing the electric pulse barrier or escaping in the opposite direction after swimming to the vicinity of the electrode for the first time. If the experimental fish can cross the electric pulse barrier, it is recorded that the working condition cannot stop the experimental fish from swimming upstream. If the experimental fish suddenly shows the behavior of escaping in the opposite direction when it approaches the electric pulse barrier, it is recorded that the working condition can stop the experimental fish from swimming upstream.

[0098] Statistical analysis of the interception rate of electric pulses on fish swimming upstream under each working condition;

[0099] The operating condition with the highest interception rate was selected as the operating condition of the electric fish barrier equipment at the tailrace channel inlet of the hydropower station.

[0100] Select the optimal working conditions for sound-based fish blocking and electric fish blocking, and set up the appropriate working conditions at the inlet of the tailrace channel of the hydropower station to intercept fish.

[0101] Pulsed voltage has a good interception effect on fish, but this good effect is mainly reflected when the flow rate is low;

[0102] When the current is high, the fish swim at a high speed. The fish rushes forward at high speed. Even if it suddenly encounters a pulse voltage, before the fish can react, it has already passed through the pulse voltage barrier. Although it has received an electric shock from the pulse voltage, it has still crossed the pulse voltage barrier.

[0103] Therefore, pulse voltage cannot effectively intercept fish when the flow rate is high or the fish are swimming at a high speed.

[0104] Two electrode tubes (steel pipes of length x m) of the electric pulse generation system are fixed in the middle of the experimental water tank, with a distance of x m between the two electrode tubes, a distance of x m from the side of the glass water tank, and a distance of 0.01 m from the bottom of the glass water tank. A stainless steel net is set up 10 m upstream and 10 m downstream of the electrode tubes, and the area between the two nets is the area where fish can move (experimental area).

[0105] The experimental fish species were silver carp and common carp (2 species), with 10 replicates for each experimental condition. The pulsed DC power output from the electrical pulse generation system to the experimental water body was a square wave with a peak voltage of 150V and a pulse width of 2ms. The experimental influencing factors were pulse frequency and water flow velocity. Four pulse frequency levels were set (4 Hz, 6 Hz, 8 Hz, 10 Hz), and two flow velocity levels were set (0.2 m / s, 0.6 m / s). The number of experiments = number of pulse frequency levels 4 × number of flow velocity levels 2 × number of fish species 2 × number of replicates 10 = 160. An example of the steps for a single experiment with an equipment operating condition of pulse frequency 4 Hz and flow velocity of 0.2 m / s is as follows:

[0106] The average flow velocity in the middle section of the tank was adjusted to 0.2 m / s. The electric pulse generation system was turned on, with the pulsed DC voltage set to square wave, peak voltage 150V, pulse width 2 ms, and pulse frequency 4 Hz. One experimental fish was placed in the experimental area near the downstream barrier of the experimental tank. The fish's behavior of crossing the electric pulse barrier or escaping in the opposite direction after first swimming near the electrodes was observed. If the fish could cross the electric pulse barrier, it was recorded that the operating conditions could not intercept the fish's upstream movement; if the fish suddenly exhibited reverse escape behavior when approaching the electric pulse barrier, it was recorded that the operating conditions could intercept the fish's upstream movement. After recording the interception results, the electric pulse generation system was turned off, the fish was removed from the experimental tank, and the fish's body length, total length, weight, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity were tested.

[0107] The interception rate of electric pulses on fish swimming upstream under each working condition was statistically analyzed. Morphological parameters of the experimental fish, such as body length, total length, and weight, were statistically analyzed. Water physical properties, such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and conductivity, were also statistically analyzed. Data statistical analysis was performed using Origin 9.0 software, and data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (Mean ± SD).

[0108] The pulsed DC current was set to a square wave with a peak voltage of 150V and a pulse width of 2 ms. The distance between the electrode tubes was x meters. The basic experimental information and interception rate results are shown in the table below.

[0109] Table 1. Interception rate of electric pulse DC shock on fish swimming upstream

[0110]

[0111] During this experiment, when the fish approached the electrodes, they experienced brief tremors after being electrocuted, but all eventually crossed the pulse electric barrier or returned, and none of the fish fainted.

[0112] In the bighead carp experiment, under a flow velocity of 0.2 m / s, when the frequency increased from 4 to 10, the interception rate increased from 10% to 90%, an increase of 80%; under a flow velocity of 0.6 m / s, when the frequency increased from 4 to 10, the interception rate increased from 0 to 40%, an increase of 40%.

[0113] In carp experiments, at a flow velocity of 0.2 m / s, the interception rate increased from 40% to 90% as the frequency increased from 4 to 10, a 50% increase. At a flow velocity of 0.6 m / s, the interception rate increased from 30% to 70% as the frequency increased from 4 to 10, a 40% increase. Pulsed direct current has a certain interception effect on fish swimming upstream. The higher the pulse frequency of the pulsed direct current, the higher the interception rate for fish swimming upstream. The lower the flow velocity, the higher the interception rate for fish swimming upstream.

[0114] The above embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be considered as limitations on the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention should be defined as the technical solutions described in the claims, including equivalent substitutions of the technical features described in the claims. That is, equivalent substitutions and improvements within this scope are also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental apparatus for driving, blocking, guiding, and attracting fish, characterized in that: the experiment... The bottom center of the fish tank (2) is hinged to the base (4). The two sides of the hinge position of the experimental fish tank (2) are connected to the base (4) through multiple lifting devices (5). One end of the experimental fish tank (2) is provided with an outlet (1) and the other end is provided with a return channel (6). The return channel (6) is connected to the outlet (1) through the pump body to form a circulation. The experimental fish tank (2) is equipped with a sliding experimental platform (3), and the experimental platform (3) is equipped with experimental equipment for driving, blocking, guiding and attracting fish; Fish-blocking nets are installed inside the experimental fish tank (2) and on both sides of the experimental table (3); The lower end of the lifting mounting plate (1105) is connected to the sound-generating mounting bracket (1001); The lifting column (1103) has a hollow structure inside, with an opening on one side of the hollow structure. The lifting column (1103) has a screw (1107) inside. The screw (1107) is connected to the third motor (1104), and the nut slider (1106) at the upper end of the lifting mounting plate (1105) is slidably connected to the inside of the lifting column (1103) and threadedly connected to the screw (1107). The experimental platform (3) has a first drive mounting base (11) and a second drive mounting base (18) with the same structure on both sides. The moving plate of the first drive mounting base (11) is equipped with a second motor (1101). The gear on the second motor (1101) meshes with the second rack (1102) of the experimental platform (3). The moving plate of the first drive mounting base (11) is slidably connected to the experimental platform (3). A lifting column (1103) is provided on one side of the second motor (1101). A lifting mounting plate (1105) is slidably provided on the lifting column (1103). Experimental equipment for driving, blocking, guiding and attracting fish is installed at the lower end of the lifting mounting plate (1105). The pulse mounting base (22) is set on the lifting mounting plate (1105). The pulse mounting base (22) is provided with multiple vertically arranged pulse voltage rods (20), and the pulse voltage rods (20) are provided with multiple vertical pulse contact heads (21). Multiple pulse voltage rods (20) are electrically connected to the pulse power supply; The pulse voltage rod (20) is set with alternating positive and negative poles; The fish barrier includes a first fish barrier (8) and a second fish barrier (9) with the same structure. The first fish-blocking net plate (8) is slidably connected to the clamping frame (801), the two ends of the clamping frame (801) are connected to the sliding frame (802), the two ends of the sliding frame (802) are slidably connected to both sides of the experimental fish tank (2), and the width of the first fish-blocking net plate (8) is smaller than the internal width of the experimental fish tank (2). The clamping frame (801) is provided with a fixing pin (803), which passes through the clamping frame (801) and the first fish-blocking net plate (8). The sliding frame (802) has locking nuts (804) at both ends, and the locking nuts (804) pass through the sliding frame (802) and abut against the experimental fish tank (2).

2. The experimental device for driving, blocking, guiding, and attracting fish according to claim 1, characterized in that: The experimental equipment for driving, blocking, guiding and attracting fish on the experimental table (3) includes: a sound-generating device (10), a pulse voltage rod (20) and a light-emitting device.

3. The experimental device for driving, blocking, guiding, and attracting fish according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water flow velocity meter (19) is provided on the lifting mounting plate of the second drive mounting base (18).

4. The experimental device for driving, blocking, guiding, and attracting fish according to claim 1, characterized in that: The experimental table (3) is equipped with a first motor (16), and the gear (15) on the first motor (16) meshes with the first rack (17) on the experimental fish tank (2); The experimental table (3) is also equipped with an installation rod (13), which is slidably connected to the experimental table (3). The upper end of the installation rod (13) is a U-shaped hook structure, and a camera (12) is provided at the end of the hook. The camera (12) is set towards the experimental fish tank (2).

5. The experimental method of the experimental device for driving, blocking, guiding, and attracting fish according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: The method includes: S1. Experimental steps for fish to tend to or avoid sound: Install the sound-generating mounting bracket (1001) on the lifting mounting plate (1105) and remove the sound-generating device (10). The experimental fish are placed between the first fish-blocking net plate (8) and the second fish-blocking net plate (9). One fish was used in each experiment, and the number of repeated experiments for each experimental background condition was 10 fish. S2. Place the experimental fish between the first fish-blocking net plate (8) and the second fish-blocking net plate (9), and adjust the sound source frequency to: 100 Hz, 500 Hz, 1000 Hz. Sound pressure level: 50 dB, 100 dB, 150 dB; S3. A total of 10 test conditions were conducted, namely 9 combinations of sound source frequency and intensity, and 1 control group without equipment. A total of 10 sample sizes were replicated, and the number of tests was 100. S4. Adjust and place the sound-generating device at the middle position of the water depth in the experimental fish tank, test the sound source frequency and intensity data of the characteristic points at the middle water depth position under 9 combined working conditions, and draw the sound source frequency and intensity distribution map in the experimental fish tank at the middle water depth position under 9 working conditions. Example of a single test process for S5 and 100 tests: Place one fish in a tank and let it move freely for 5 minutes. After 5 minutes, the sound source device starts to operate under a single condition, that is, the operation time is 30 minutes. The real-time position of the fish in the tank is observed and recorded by a camera. Then, the frequency of fish appearing in different locations is analyzed using human eyes or computer software. S6. Fish will not appear at a decibel level higher than 100, so 100 decibels is considered a sound that fish will flee from and avoid. Therefore, a 100-decibel playback device should be installed at the entrance of the tailrace tunnel of the hydroelectric power station; This prevents fish from entering the tailrace channel of the hydroelectric power station; S7. Disassemble the sound-generating device (10) and the sound-generating mounting bracket (1001), install the pulse mounting base (22) and the pulse voltage rod (20) on the lifting mounting plate (1105), and the first drive mounting base (11) controls the pulse voltage rod (20) to penetrate into the experimental fish tank (2); The control pulse current is a square wave with a peak voltage of 50-200V, a frequency of 1-20Hz, and a pulse width of 1-5ms. The outflow velocity of the experimental fish tank (2) was controlled to be 0-1.0 m / s, and the flow velocity of the entire experimental fish tank (2) was controlled. Adjusting the variable parameters of the experimental conditions to produce different experimental working conditions; Under different working conditions, observe the experimental fish's behavior of crossing the electric pulse barrier or escaping in the opposite direction after swimming to the vicinity of the electrode for the first time. If the experimental fish can cross the electric pulse barrier, it is recorded that the working condition cannot intercept the experimental fish from swimming upstream. If the experimental fish suddenly shows the behavior of escaping in the opposite direction when it approaches the electric pulse barrier, it is recorded that the working condition intercepts the experimental fish from swimming upstream. Statistical analysis of the interception rate of electric pulses on fish swimming upstream under each working condition; The operating condition with the highest interception rate was selected as the operating condition of the electric fish barrier equipment at the tailrace channel inlet of the hydropower station. S8. Select the optimal working conditions for sound-based fish blocking and electric fish blocking, and set these conditions at the inlet of the tailrace channel of the hydropower station to block fish. Pulsed voltage has a good interception effect on fish, but this good effect is only observed at low flow rates; When the current is high, the fish swim at a high speed. The fish rushes forward at high speed. Even if it suddenly encounters a pulse voltage, before the fish can react, it has already rushed over the pulse voltage barrier. Although it has received an electric shock from the pulse voltage, it has still crossed the pulse voltage barrier. Therefore, pulse voltage cannot effectively intercept fish when the flow rate is high or the fish are swimming at a high speed.

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