A method for artificial cultivation of large-flowered sesame.

Abstract

This invention discloses a method for artificially cultivating large-flowered sesame, comprising the following steps: S1, preparing the seedbed: After tilling the land, make raised beds and evenly spread well-rotted organic fertilizer on the bed surface; thoroughly water the bed surface, stir the surface soil into a thin mud, and scrape it smooth to create a slurry; S2, sowing: On the slurry bed surface, sow the seeds or tubers of the host plant, tiger nut, at a spacing of 10-15 cm, and evenly scatter the large-flowered sesame seeds on the muddy bed surface; S3, seedling management: Immediately after sowing, construct an arched shed, controlling the light transmittance at 40%-50%; ventilate in the morning and evening 20-30 days after emergence; remove the arched shed after 45-60 days and remove weeds; maintain the relative soil moisture content of the bed surface at 60%-80%. The advantages of this invention are: effectively increasing the yield of large-flowered sesame, achieving a double harvest of large-flowered sesame and tiger nut.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of large-flowered sesame cultivation technology, and in particular to a method for artificially cultivating large-flowered sesame. Background Technology

[0002] Large-flowered sesame ( Centranthera grandiflora It belongs to the genus *Sesamum* of the family Orobanchaceae, and is mainly distributed in southern China, such as Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou, and Guangdong. It is also found in India, Nepal, Myanmar, and Southeast Asia. The entire plant of *Sesamum indicum* can be used medicinally and has significant medicinal value. *Sesamum indicum* is a semi-parasitic plant; its roots attach to the roots of nearby plants through haustoria to absorb water and nutrients. This characteristic results in slow growth and low yield in traditionally cultivated *Sesamum indicum*. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for artificially cultivating sesame grass that can effectively increase the yield of sesame grass.

[0004] This invention provides a method for artificially cultivating large-flowered sesame, comprising the following steps:

[0005] S1. Making seedbeds: From March to May, after tilling the land, make ridges. Spread well-rotted organic fertilizer evenly on the ridge surface, mix it with the soil, and level it. Water the ridge surface thoroughly. After the soil has fully absorbed the water, stir the surface soil into a thin mud and scrape it to create a slurry.

[0006] S2. Sowing: On the raised bed where the soil has thickened, sow the host plant, tiger pea (Senecio rowleyanus), at a spacing of 5-15cm. Cyperus esculentus Seeds or tubers of sesame (the tubers need to be pressed into the mud); sesame (the large-flowered sesame) Centranthera grandiflora Sow the seeds evenly on the muddy surface of the seedbed;

[0007] S3. Seedling Management: Immediately after sowing, construct an arched greenhouse and cover it with a shade net to control the light transmittance inside the greenhouse at 40%-50%; ventilate in the morning and evening 20-30 days after emergence; remove the arched greenhouse after 45-60 days and remove weeds, leaving only tiger nuts as the host; maintain the relative soil moisture content of the seedbed at 60%-80% during the emergence and seedling stage of flaxseedlings; after 2 months of emergence, carry out routine water and fertilizer management (apply nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium water-soluble fertilizer several times depending on plant growth).

[0008] S4. Harvesting: Large-flowered sesame and tiger nuts can be harvested 1-3 years after sowing.

[0009] Furthermore, in step S2, the amount of *Sesamum indicum* seeds used is 0.5-0.7 g / m³. 2 .

[0010] Furthermore, the amount of organic fertilizer used in step S1 is 3-4 kg / m³. 2 .

[0011] Furthermore, the raised beds in step S1 are 5-8 cm high.

[0012] Furthermore, in step S2, the planting base is selected in an area with an altitude of 1200-1700m, abundant rainfall, humid air, and no frost. The base is selected in a sunny area with medium to high fertility, convenient irrigation and drainage, and a guaranteed water source.

[0013] Furthermore, the seeds of *Sesamum indicum* used in step S2 are obtained by harvesting the *Sesamum indicum* fruits after they have matured and turned black, drying them, extracting the seeds, and storing them in a cool place at room temperature for later use.

[0014] Furthermore, before step S4, a pruning step is also included: tiger nuts need to be pruned before October of the first year after planting. The tiger nuts are pruned for the first time 15-20 days after the greenhouse is removed. Thereafter, tiger nuts are pruned once every 40-60 days.

[0015] Furthermore, after the first trimming, retain a height of 14-16cm for the tiger nuts. After each subsequent trimming, reduce the height by 2-3cm from the height of the previous trimming.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S3, the height of the arched canopy is 40-50cm.

[0017] Beneficial effects of this invention:

[0018] (1) The present invention provides a unique treatment for the seedbed: the seedbed is thoroughly watered, and after the soil has fully absorbed the water, the surface soil is stirred into a thin mud and then leveled. This serves two purposes: firstly, it can absorb the seeds of sesame (the seeds of sesame are very small and light) and prevent them from falling into the deep crevices of the soil; secondly, it helps to increase the humidity of the seedbed and meet the high water requirements of sesame, thereby helping to improve the germination rate of sesame seeds.

[0019] (2) This invention selects the dominant host plant, tiger nut, and sows it at a specific plant spacing. Then, it sows the seeds of large-flowered sesame. By regularly pruning the tiger nut, the parasitic relationship between large-flowered sesame and the host plant is coordinated. Compared with other host plants and traditional planting methods, this invention can effectively increase the root fresh weight and yield of large-flowered sesame. This invention has practical significance for protecting wild large-flowered sesame resources and improving the planting benefits of this rare ethnic medicinal herb in Yunnan.

[0020] (3) The underground rhizomes of the host plant tiger nut can be sold commercially, and the pruned tiger nut stems and leaves can be used as high-quality feed. Therefore, tiger nut is also a good economic crop. Compared with other host plants, tiger nut can increase economic benefits as a host plant. In addition, choosing tiger nut as a host plant can effectively reduce the number of times the host plant is pruned, thus reducing pruning time and labor costs. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below. It should be noted that these descriptions are for the purpose of aiding understanding the present invention, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0022] Example 1

[0023] A method for artificially cultivating large-flowered sesame grass includes the following steps:

[0024] S1. Preparing the seedbed: Choose an area at an altitude of 1200-1700m, with abundant rainfall, humid air, and no frost. The base should be a sunny planting area with medium to high fertility, convenient irrigation and drainage, and a reliable water source. From March to May, after tilling the land, make beds 10-15m long, 1.4m wide, and 5-8cm high. Evenly spread 3-4kg / m² of fertilizer on the bed surface. 2 Mix well-rotted organic fertilizer with the soil and level it; water the bed thoroughly, and after the soil has fully absorbed the water, stir the surface soil into a thin mud and scrape it to create a slurry.

[0025] S2. Sowing: On the muddy raised bed, sow the seeds or tubers of the host plant, tiger pea, at a spacing of 10cm. The tubers need to be pressed into the mud. Evenly scatter the seeds of large-flowered sesame on the muddy raised bed surface. The amount of large-flowered sesame seeds used is 0.5-0.7g / m². 2 The seeds of the large-flowered sesame grass used are obtained by harvesting the large-flowered sesame grass fruits after they have matured and turned black, drying them, peeling out the seeds, and storing them in a cool place at room temperature for later use.

[0026] S3. Seedling Management: Immediately after sowing, construct a 40-50cm high arched shed and cover it with a shade net to control the light transmittance inside the shed to 40%-50%; ventilate in the morning and evening 20-30 days after emergence; remove the arched shed after 45-60 days and remove weeds, leaving only tiger nuts as the host; maintain the relative moisture content of the soil surface at 60%-80% during the emergence and seedling stage of flaxseed; after 2 months of emergence, carry out routine water and fertilizer management. In this example, apply 0.05% Hoagland nutrient solution every 2-3 weeks depending on the plant growth.

[0027] S4. Pruning: Tiger peas need to be pruned before October of the first year after planting. The first pruning should be done 15-20 days after removing the greenhouse. Afterward, prune the tiger peas every 40-60 days. After the first pruning, retain a height of 14-16cm. After each subsequent pruning, reduce the retained height by 2-3cm from the previous pruning height. For example, if the tiger peas are 15cm after the first pruning, 13cm after the second, and 11cm after the third.

[0028] The purpose of pruning is to regulate the symbiotic relationship between the host plant and the large-flowered sesame. Pruning achieves a reasonable balance between the parasitic and competitive conflict between the large-flowered sesame and the host plant, avoiding both excessive growth of the host plant, which would cause adverse effects such as competition for water, fertilizer, and shade for the large-flowered sesame, and excessive weakness of the host plant, which would prevent it from being unable to provide sufficient material supply for the parasitic large-flowered sesame.

[0029] S5. Harvesting: Harvest the large-flowered sesame and tiger nuts. Harvesting can be done in October-November of the year of sowing, or in October-November of the following year, or in October-November of the third year after sowing. In this embodiment, harvesting is carried out in October-November of the year after sowing (the growing period after sowing is 270-300 days). Since October to April of the following year is the seedling collapse period, it is not included in the growing period.

[0030] Example 2

[0031] A method for artificially cultivating large-flowered sesame, compared to Example 1, only the spacing between the plant and row of the host plant tiger nuts in step S2 is changed from 10cm to 15cm.

[0032] Example 3

[0033] A method for artificially cultivating large-flowered sesame, compared to Example 1, only the spacing between the plant and row of the host plant tiger nut seeds or tubers sown in step S2 is changed from 10cm to 5cm.

[0034] To verify the technical effects of the present invention, potted and field verification experiments were conducted to select the best host plants.

[0035] Experiment 1: Host plant selection pot experiment:

[0036] The experiment was conducted in 2023 at the Xinzai Village base in Pingbian County, Honghe City, Yunnan Province (102°32'22''E, 24°56'14''N, altitude 1445m). The experimental site has a temperate climate with an annual total radiation of (5.3–6.1) × 10⁻⁶. 9 J / m 2 The photosynthetically active radiation is (2.2 ~ 2.6) × 10⁻⁶.9 J / m 2 The average annual temperature is 18.6℃, the average annual rainfall is 815-1189mm (with precipitation mainly concentrated in May to September), the frost-free period is about 337 days, the annual sunshine duration is 2234-2453 hours, and the average annual relative humidity is 73%. The experimental site has a flat terrain, good drainage and convenient irrigation conditions, and the soil type is mountain red soil.

[0037] The experiment used seedlings of *Sedum spectabile* and five host plants (*Tigeria japonica*, *Symplocos rubra*, *Symplocos buergerianum*, *Symplocos rubra*, and *Symplocos buergerianum*) in pots. Three *Sedum spectabile* seedlings were planted in each pot, with one host plant planted 10 cm apart on each side of each *Sedum spectabile* seedling. Each treatment had three replicates. Each pot contained 3 kg of substrate (soil to sand ratio of 1:1) and was placed in a greenhouse for cultivation. During the cultivation period, all potted plants were fertilized weekly with 200 mL of 0.05% Hoagland nutrient solution, and watered as needed to meet the basic nutritional requirements of both *Sedum spectabile* and the host plants. Height increase at 150 days and root fresh weight at 270 days were recorded. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0038] Table 1. Statistical analysis of host plant selection pot experiment results

[0039]

[0040] Note: The data in the table is the average of three repetitions.

[0041] Considering all the above indicators, tiger nuts performed best as a host plant, and when used as a host, tiger nuts showed significant increases in height and root fresh weight.

[0042] Experiment 2: Field Experiment Optimizing Planting Spacing and Bed Surface Treatment for Tiger Peas

[0043] The experimental site was the same as the host plant selection pot experiment, but it was conducted in the field. The experiment included six treatments: Examples 1-3 and Control Groups 1-3. Each treatment was replicated three times. The planting method for the control groups was as follows:

[0044] Control Group 1: Compared to Example 1, only step S1 was changed; the remaining steps were the same as in Example 1. Specifically, step S1 was changed to: selecting an area at an altitude of 1200-1700m with abundant rainfall, humid air, and no frost; choosing a sunny planting area with medium to high fertility, convenient irrigation and drainage, and a reliable water source; and, from March to May, plowing the land and making 5-8cm high ridges, evenly spreading 3-4kg / m² of fertilizer on the ridge surface. 2 Apply well-rotted organic fertilizer, mix it evenly with the soil, and level the surface; then thoroughly water the raised beds.

[0045] Control Group 2: Compared to Example 1, only the sowing method in step S2 was changed to broadcasting; the remaining steps were the same as in Example 1. Specifically, S2 was changed to: Sowing: The seeds of *Sesamum indicum* and *Tiger Pea* were evenly mixed in a ratio of 1:(0.7-0.8) and broadcast on the seedbed. The amount of *Sesamum indicum* seeds used was the same as in Example 1. The *Sesamum indicum* seeds used were obtained after the *Sesamum indicum* fruits matured and turned black, the fruits were collected, dried, and the seeds were extracted and stored in a cool place at room temperature for later use.

[0046] Control Group 3: Compared to Example 1, only steps S1 and S2 were changed; the remaining steps were the same as in Example 1. Specifically, steps S1 and S2 were changed to:

[0047] S1: Select an area at an altitude of 1200-1700m, with abundant rainfall, humid air, and no frost. Choose a sunny planting area with medium to high fertility, convenient irrigation and drainage, and a reliable water source. From March to May, after tilling the land, make 5-8cm high ridges, and evenly spread 3-4kg / m² of fertilizer on the ridge surface. 2 Apply well-rotted organic fertilizer, mix it evenly with the soil, and level the surface; then thoroughly water the raised bed.

[0048] S2: Sowing: Mix the seeds of sesame and tiger nuts evenly in a ratio of 1:(0.7-0.8) and sow them on the seedbed. The amount of sesame seeds used is the same as in Example 1. The sesame seeds used are harvested after the sesame fruits have matured and turned black. After the fruits are dried, the seeds are extracted and stored in a cool place at room temperature for later use.

[0049] After harvesting, the fresh weight of the roots was measured. Simultaneously, labor hours and costs during manual management were calculated. Finally, the fresh weight of the roots per acre of *Sedum spectabile* and the resulting economic benefits were calculated. The experimental results are shown in Table 2 (the data in the table are the average of three replicates):

[0050] Table 2. Field trial results of optimal planting spacing and ridge treatment for tiger nuts.

[0051]

[0052] As shown in Table 2, Example 1 showed significantly better single-plant root fresh weight and root fresh weight per acre, followed by Examples 2 and 3, both of which were significantly higher than the control group. The results indicate that the planting method described in this application is superior to traditional planting methods, significantly improving both yield and profit.

[0053] Calculation methods for each indicator in Experiment 1:

[0054] 1. 150-day height increase observation method

[0055] On the day of transplanting of *Lysimachia nummularia* (recorded as day 0), the vertical distance from the base of each seedling (at the substrate surface) to the growing point was measured using digital calipers and recorded as the initial plant height. On day 150 after sowing, plant height was measured using the same method. Individual plant height data were recorded for three replicates of each treatment, and the average difference between the plant height at 150 days and the initial plant height was calculated to obtain the 150-day increase in height for each treatment.

[0056] Calculation methods for each index in Experiment 2:

[0057] 1. Root Fresh Weight Observation Method

[0058] Ten plants were randomly selected from each treatment. They were carefully dug out around the plant with a small shovel, and the soil attached to the roots was removed (taking care to avoid damaging the root system). After being rinsed clean with a gentle stream of water, the fresh weight of the roots of each plant was weighed using an electronic balance, and the average fresh weight of the roots of the 10 plants was calculated.

[0059] 2. Methods for Observing Working Hours

[0060] For each treatment plot, a designated person should record the time spent on each agricultural operation (such as sowing, thinning, fertilizing, irrigating, and harvesting) (in days; any fraction of a day should be converted to hours, with 8 hours equaling 1 day). The time for all agricultural operations in each plot should be added together and converted to labor hours per acre. The recorder must monitor the entire agricultural operation process to ensure the accuracy of the time records. Agricultural operations for different treatments should ideally be performed by the same group of workers to minimize differences in labor hours due to varying levels of worker proficiency.

[0061] 3. Methods for Observing Labor Costs

[0062] Based on local labor market prices, the cost per working hour is set at 200 yuan / day. Labor cost = Working hour cost × Daily labor cost.

[0063] 4. Fresh root yield of *Sesamum indicum*

[0064] During the harvest season, all the large-flowered sesame in the area is harvested and accurately weighed, and the total yield of the fresh weight of the large-flowered sesame roots per acre is calculated based on this.

[0065] 5. Methods for observing the yield of large-flowered sesame.

[0066] Based on the local market purchase price of 600 yuan / kg for large-flowered sesame, calculate the profit per mu (profit = yield per mu × unit price).

[0067] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. For those skilled in the art, various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and these variations still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for artificially cultivating large-flowered sesame, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Making seedbeds: From March to May, after tilling the land, make ridges. Spread well-rotted organic fertilizer evenly on the ridge surface, mix it with the soil, and level it. Water the ridge surface thoroughly. After the soil has fully absorbed the water, stir the surface soil into a thin mud and scrape it to create a slurry. S2. Sowing: On the muddy bed, sow the seeds or tubers of the host plant, tiger nut, at a spacing of 5-15cm. The tubers need to be pressed into the mud. Sow the seeds of sesame evenly on the muddy bed surface. S3. Seedling Management: Immediately after sowing, construct an arched greenhouse and cover it with shade netting to control the light transmittance inside the greenhouse at 40%-50%; ventilate in the morning and evening 20-30 days after emergence; after 45-60 days, the arched greenhouse can be removed, and weeds should be pulled out, leaving only tiger nuts as the host; during the emergence and seedling stage of flaxseed, the relative soil moisture content on the seedbed should be maintained at 60%-80%; S4. Harvesting.

2. The method for artificially cultivating large-flowered sesame as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of organic fertilizer used in step S1 is 3-4 kg / m³. 2 .

3. The method for artificially cultivating large-flowered sesame as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The raised beds in step S1 are 5-8 cm high.

4. The method for artificially cultivating large-flowered sesame as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the planting base should be located in an area with an altitude of 1200-1700m, abundant rainfall, humid air, and no frost. The base should be located in a sunny area with medium to high fertility, convenient irrigation and drainage, and a guaranteed water source.

5. The method for artificially cultivating large-flowered sesame as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The seeds of *Sesamum indicum* used in step S2 are obtained by harvesting the *Sesamum indicum* fruits after they have matured and turned black, drying them, extracting the seeds, and storing them in a cool, shady place at room temperature for later use.

6. The method for artificially cultivating large-flowered sesame as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Before step S4, there is also a pruning step: Tiger nuts need to be pruned before October of the first year after planting. The first pruning is carried out 15-20 days after the greenhouse is removed. After that, the tiger nuts are pruned once every 40-60 days.

7. The method for artificially cultivating large-flowered sesame as described in claim 6, characterized in that: After the first trimming, retain the tiger nuts at a height of 14-16cm. After each subsequent trimming, reduce the height by 2-3cm from the height of the previous trimming.

8. The method for artificially cultivating large-flowered sesame as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the height of the arched shed is 40-50cm.

9. The method for artificially cultivating large-flowered sesame as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the amount of *Sesamum indicum* seeds used is 0.5-0.7 g / m³. 2 .

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