The invention discloses an alkaline fertilizer composed of the following components in percentage by weight: 31-99.4% of macroelements, 0.5-50% of medium elements, 0.1-15% of microelements and 0-50% of synergic components, wherein the macroelements include two and even more selected from urea, diammonium phosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, dipotassium phosphate, tripotassium phosphate, potassium pyrophosphate, potassium tripolyphosphate, potassium nitrate, potassium carbonate, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium formate, potassium silicate and potassium hydroxide; the medium elements are one or more selected from calcium nitrate, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, EDTA calcium and EDTA magnesium; the microelements are one or more selected from ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate or an EDTA chelate of iron, zinc, manganese and copper, EDDHA iron, borax, disodium octaborate tetrahydrate and sodium molybdate; and the synergic components include one or more selected from sodium humate, potassium humate, sodium fulvate, potassium fulvate, sodium alginate, potassium alginate and a plant growth regulator.