A biochar organic fertilizer mixing and processing device and a black soil returning method

Abstract

A biochar organic fertilizer mixing and processing device and a black soil returning and application method belong to fertilizer processing and application technology. A cylindrical mixing shell is rotatably mounted on the device frame assembly, a transmission frame and a fixed motor are movably mounted on the device frame assembly, a coaxial fixed semi-annular circular track plate and a semi-annular circular external rack are mounted on the outer wall surface of the right end wall plate of the cylindrical mixing shell, a bracket shaft, gear box A, B brackets, gear boxes A, B, forward and reverse spiral rod shafts are assembled in the cylindrical mixing shell cavity, a T-shaped circular shaft, a mother gear, a sub-gear, an auger shaft and auger blades A, B are mounted on the gear boxes A, B respectively, a gear shaft sleeve and a shaft sleeve are mounted on the transmission frame respectively, a gear shaft of the fixed cylindrical gear is mounted on the gear shaft sleeve, and direction joints A, B, C, D and a universal joint transmission connecting shaft and an adjusting rod connect the gear shaft to the motor. The device has high mixing uniformity, high operating efficiency and good fertilizer use effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to organic fertilizer processing and application technology, and mainly relates to a biochar organic fertilizer mixing and processing device and a method for returning the biochar organic fertilizer to the field and applying the biochar organic fertilizer on black soil. Background Art

[0002] Biochar organic fertilizer is a new type of fertilizer that has been successfully developed in recent years. This type of fertilizer uses biochar as a fertilizer carrier and is processed into a composite with organic fertilizer to make up for the lack of nutrients in biochar. It also gives the fertilizer a slow-release function, improving fertilizer efficiency. While supplying nutrients to crops, it also realizes the biochar's function of improving and repairing the soil and its carbon fixation function. Therefore, the demand for biochar organic fertilizer is rapidly increasing. Therefore, the production and processing of biochar organic fertilizer has become a technical problem that must be solved.

[0003] Currently, my country has developed and produced several models of biochar-based organic fertilizer processing equipment, providing technical support for biochar-based organic fertilizer production. However, in practice, existing equipment has been found to suffer from various technical deficiencies due to inadequate structural design. For example, odorless biochar-based organic fertilizer production equipment incorporates a crushing and stirring mechanism, which not only complicates the structure and increases manufacturing costs, but also, during processing, the crushing mechanism causes uneven volume of the processed material, preventing proper mixing and uniformity, reducing operational efficiency. The stirring roller on high-adsorbability biochar-based organic fertilizer production equipment is mounted on a movable block of a linear module and driven by a motor, resulting in a single function and low mixing efficiency. The biochar-fertilizer mixing device uses a crushing rod to pulverize the material during feeding, making it difficult to control the pulverization effect during use. Excessive pulverization results in inefficient mixing with fertilizer, while insufficient pulverization results in a larger material volume, preventing proper mixing and use, and reducing fertilizer efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to address the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, combine with the actual needs of biochar organic fertilizer mixing and processing, and develop and design a biochar organic fertilizer mixing and processing device with a new structure, so as to greatly improve the mixing uniformity of biochar organic fertilizer, improve the processing efficiency of the device, and improve the efficiency and effect of fertilizer use.

[0005] The purpose of the invention is achieved as follows: two pin shafts D are symmetrically and rotatably installed on the device frame assembly, and the rectangular frame support is fixed on the inner side parts opposite to the two pin shafts D. A cylindrical mixing shell is installed on the inner side part of the rectangular frame at right angles to the pin shaft D and can rotate reciprocally in the circumferential direction. A bracket shaft is supported and inserted in the cavity of the cylindrical mixing shell and can be rotatably supported on the center parts of the left end wall plate and the right end wall plate. The left and right end parts of the bracket shaft are located on the outer side of the cylindrical mixing shell and are respectively fixedly connected to the rectangular frame. A gear box A bracket and a gear box B bracket are fixed on the bracket shaft in sequence along the axial direction. Gear box A and gear box B are rotatably installed on the outer end parts of the gear box A bracket and the gear box B bracket, respectively. The coaxial fixed mother gears are respectively installed in the gear boxes A and the gear boxes B, and the sub-gears are rotatably installed in the gear boxes A and the gear boxes B at the outer parts of the circumference of the mother gear. The sub-gears are meshed with the mother gear, and the auger shaft is fixed on the sub-gear, and the auger shaft is located outside the gear boxes A and the gear boxes B. The auger blades A and the auger blades B are respectively fixed on the auger shaft of the gear box A and the auger shaft of the gear box B, and the T-shaped circular shafts are respectively fixed on the central parts of the gear boxes A and the gear boxes B. The forward screw shaft and the reverse screw shaft are respectively staggered with each other in the circumferential direction in the cylindrical mixing shell cavity, and the left and right ends of the forward screw shaft and the reverse screw shaft are respectively connected to the left and right end walls of the cylindrical mixing shell. The plates are fixedly connected, and the forward screw shaft and the reverse screw shaft are respectively inserted into the center holes of gear box A and gear box B, and the T-shaped circular shaft fixed in gear box A is snap-fitted and slidably matched with the forward spiral groove of the forward screw shaft, and the T-shaped circular shaft fixed in gear box B is snap-fitted and slidably matched with the reverse spiral groove of the reverse screw shaft. A material port is provided on the left end wall plate of the cylindrical mixing shell, and the material port closing plate can be slidably fitted on the outer side of the left end wall plate of the cylindrical mixing shell, and a semi-annular circular track plate is fixed on the outer wall surface of the right end wall plate of the cylindrical mixing shell, and a semi-annular circular external rack is fixed on the outer wall surface of the right end wall plate of the cylindrical mixing shell, coaxially with the inner side of the semi-annular circular track plate. The motor is mounted on the device frame On the assembly, the adjusting rod of the fixed universal joint D is axially telescopically movably sleeved on the motor shaft of the motor, and the transmission frame is installed on the device frame assembly at the position between the cylindrical mixing shell and the motor so as to be movably moved left and right. The gear shaft sleeve and the shaft sleeve can be slidably sleeved on the transmission frame respectively, and the gear shaft is rotatably mounted on the gear shaft sleeve. The cylindrical gear and the universal joint A are respectively fixed on the left and right ends of the gear shaft. The left end of the gear shaft is inserted and slidably matched or disengaged from the semi-annular circular track plate. The cylindrical gear and the semi-annular circular outer rack are mutually engaged or disengaged. The square hinge joint A hinges the universal joint B to the universal joint A, and the pin C and the square hinge joint B hinge the universal joint C to the universal joint D.The two sides of the universal joint transmission connecting shaft are respectively inserted into the universal joint B and universal joint C in a removable manner. The left and right ends of the connecting rod are respectively hingedly connected to the shaft sleeve device frame assembly through the pin A and pin B, thus forming a biochar organic fertilizer mixing and processing device.

[0006] The invention adopts a cylindrical gear to drive a semi-ring circular external rack to drive the cylindrical mixing shell as a whole to repeatedly swing and rotate 180 degrees in the clockwise and counterclockwise directions, and in the cylindrical mixing shell, the auger blades A and the auger blades B rotate forward and backward along the radial direction to jointly carry out and complete the material mixing operation. It has the characteristics of novel, unique and reasonable structure, high mixing uniformity, high operating efficiency, good mixing quality and fertilizer use effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of a biochar organic fertilizer mixing and processing device;

[0008] Figure 2 It is a two-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure of a biochar organic fertilizer mixing and processing device;

[0009] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Left-facing view of

[0010] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 A top view of

[0011] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the unloading state of a biochar organic fertilizer mixing and processing device;

[0012] Figure 6 It is a partial schematic diagram of the mixing structure of the forward spiral rod shaft;

[0013] Figure 7 This is a partial schematic diagram of the reverse spiral shaft mixing structure;

[0014] Figure 8 yes Figure 1 Enlarged view of part A in .

[0015] Description of part numbers in the figure:

[0016] 1. Cylindrical mixing shell, 2. Forward screw shaft, 3. Auger blade A, 4. Gear box A, 5. Gear box A bracket, 6. Bracket shaft, 7. Rectangular frame, 8. Reverse screw shaft, 9. Gear box B bracket, 10. Auger blade B, 11. Gear box B, 12. Transmission frame, 13. Bushing, 14. Pin A, 15. Auger shaft, 16. Semi-ring circular track plate, 17. Pin B, 18. Connecting rod, 19. Gear shaft sleeve, 20. Universal joint A, 21, square hinge joint A, 22, universal joint B, 23, universal joint transmission connecting shaft, 24, adjusting rod, 25, motor, 26, universal joint D, 27, pin C, 28, square hinge joint B, 29, universal joint C, 30, gear shaft, 31, cylindrical gear, 32, semi-ring type circular external rack, 33, sub-gear, 34, mother gear, 35, pin D, 36, device frame assembly, 37, T-shaped circular shaft, 38, material inlet closing plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The following is a detailed description of the implementation scheme of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. A biochar organic fertilizer mixing and processing device, wherein two pin shafts D35 are symmetrically and rotatably installed on the device frame assembly 36, and a rectangular frame 7 is supported and fixed on the inner side portions opposite to the two pin shafts D35. A cylindrical mixing shell 1 is installed on the inner side portion of the rectangular frame 7 perpendicular to the pin shaft D35 and rotatable in the circumferential direction. A bracket shaft 6 is supported and inserted in the cavity of the cylindrical mixing shell 1 and is relatively rotatable at the center of the left end wall and the right end wall. The bracket shaft 6 is located on the left and right ends of the outer side of the cylindrical mixing shell 1 and is respectively fixed to the rectangular frame 7. A gear box A bracket 5 and a gear box B bracket 9 are fixedly installed on the bracket shaft 6 in sequence along the axial direction. Gear box A4 and gear box B11 are rotatably installed respectively. Mounted on the outer ends of the gear box A bracket 5 and the gear box B bracket 9, a mother gear 34 is fixed coaxially in the gear box A4 and the gear box B11, and a sub-gear 33 is rotatably installed in the gear box A4 and the gear box B11 at the outer circumference of the mother gear 34. The sub-gear 33 and the mother gear 34 are engaged with each other. An auger shaft 15 is fixed on the sub-gear 33, and the auger shaft 15 is located outside the gear box A4 and the gear box B11. An auger blade A3 and an auger blade B10 are fixed on the auger shaft 15 of the gear box A4 and the auger shaft 15 of the gear box B11, respectively. A T-shaped circular shaft 37 is fixed on the center of the gear box A4 and the gear box B11, respectively. The forward screw shaft 2 and the reverse screw shaft 8 are respectively installed in the cavity in a circumferential direction and staggered with each other. The left and right ends of the forward screw shaft 2 and the reverse screw shaft 8 are respectively fixedly connected to the left and right end wall plates of the cylindrical mixing shell 1. The forward screw shaft 2 and the reverse screw shaft 8 are respectively inserted into the center holes of the gear box A4 and the gear box B11. The T-shaped circular shaft 37 fixed in the gear box A4 is snap-fitted and slidably matched with the forward spiral groove of the forward screw shaft 2, and the T-shaped circular shaft 37 fixed in the gear box B11 is snap-fitted and slidably matched with the reverse spiral groove of the reverse screw shaft 8. A material port is opened on the left end wall plate of the cylindrical mixing shell 1, and a material port closing plate 38 is slidably fitted on the left end wall plate of the cylindrical mixing shell 1 On the outer side of the plate, a semi-annular circular track plate 16 is fixedly mounted on the outer wall surface of the right end wall plate of the cylindrical mixing shell 1, and a semi-annular circular outer rack 32 is fixedly mounted on the outer wall surface of the right end wall plate of the cylindrical mixing shell 1, coaxially at the inner side of the semi-annular circular track plate 16. The motor 25 is mounted on the device frame assembly 36, and the adjustment rod 24 of the fixed universal joint D26 is axially telescopically mounted on the motor shaft of the motor 25. The transmission frame 12 is mounted on the device frame assembly 36 and can be adjusted to move horizontally left and right at the position between the cylindrical mixing shell 1 and the motor 25. The gear shaft sleeve 19 and the shaft sleeve 13 can be slid up and down respectively on the transmission frame 12, and the gear shaft 30 is rotatably mounted on the gear shaft sleeve 19.The cylindrical gear 31 and universal joint A20 are respectively fixed to the left and right ends of the gear shaft 30. The left end of the gear shaft 30 is inserted and slidably fitted with the semi-annular circular track plate 16, or disengaged from the inserted fit. The cylindrical gear 31 and the semi-annular circular external rack 32 are mutually meshed or disengaged. The square hinge joint A21 hinges the universal joint B22 to the universal joint A20. The pin C27 and the square hinge joint B28 hinge the universal joint C29 to the universal joint D26. The two sides of the universal joint transmission connecting shaft 23 are respectively inserted and movably fitted on the universal joint B22 and the universal joint C29. The left and right ends of the connecting rod 18 are hingedly connected to the shaft sleeve 13 device frame assembly 36 via the pin A14 and the pin B17.

[0018] Combined with the accompanying drawings, when it is in operation, the cylindrical mixing shell 1 is driven to rotate clockwise by the external input rotational power on the device frame assembly 36 through the pin D35 and the rectangular frame 7, so that the left end wall plate is rotated to the top, the material port closing plate 38 is pulled, the material port on the left end wall plate is opened, and the biochar and organic fertilizer are filled into the cylindrical mixing shell 1. After that, the material port closing plate 38 is returned to its original position to close the material port; the cylindrical mixing shell 1 is driven to rotate 90 degrees counterclockwise on the device frame assembly 36 through the pin D35 and the rectangular frame 7 by the external input rotational power, so that the axis of the bracket shaft 6 is horizontal. At this time, the external input rotational power is used to rotate the cylindrical mixing shell 1 counterclockwise by 90 degrees on the device frame assembly 36 through the pin D35 and the rectangular frame 7. The input force causes the sleeve 13 to move downward on the transmission frame 12. Under the thrust of the connecting rod 18, the transmission frame 12 moves to the left on the device frame assembly 36, so that the left end of the gear shaft 30 is inserted into the track groove of the semi-annular circular track plate 16. The cylindrical gear 31 and the semi-annular circular outer rack 32 enter into a meshing state, and the motor 25 is started. The cylindrical gear 31 is driven to rotate clockwise through the adjusting rod 24, the universal joint D26, the pin C27, the square body hinge joint B28, the universal joint C29, the universal joint transmission connecting shaft 23, the universal joint B22, the square body hinge joint A21, the universal joint A20, and the gear shaft 30. When the circular When the column gear 31 is meshed with the outer side of the semi-annular circular outer rack 32, the semi-annular circular outer rack 32 drives the cylindrical mixing shell 1 to rotate 180 degrees counterclockwise as a whole, so that the forward screw shaft 2 and the reverse screw shaft 8 fixed in the cylindrical mixing shell 1 rotate counterclockwise as a whole at the same time. Under the action of the forward screw shaft 2 and the reverse screw shaft 8, the gear box A4 and the gear box B11 are driven to rotate in opposite directions through the T-shaped circular shaft 37, and the mother gear 34 fixed on the gear box A4 and the gear box B11 respectively rotates accordingly, and the sub-gear 33 meshing with the mother gear 34 rotates along with the gear box A4 and the gear box B11. While box B11 revolves, it also rotates. The sub-gear 33 drives the auger blade A3 and the auger blade B10 to complete 180° revolution and rotation through the auger shaft 15, thereby completing the mixing operation. When the cylindrical gear 31 engages with the inner side of the semi-annular circular outer rack 32, the semi-annular circular outer rack 32 drives the cylindrical mixing shell 1 to rotate 180° clockwise as a whole, and then performs the mixing operation of the reverse motion of each component in turn. The counterclockwise rotation speed of the cylindrical mixing shell 1 is lower than its clockwise rotation speed, so that the mixed material will vibrate during the processing, which is beneficial to improving the mixing uniformity and processing efficiency. After the mixing process is complete, the transmission frame 12 is moved rightward on the device frame assembly 36, disengaging the left end of the gear shaft 30 from the track groove of the semi-circular track plate 16. The cylindrical gear 31 is disengaged from the semi-circular outer rack 32. At this point, the cylindrical mixing shell 1 is rotated counterclockwise so that its left end wall is positioned downward. The material port sealing plate 38 is moved to open the material port and discharge the mixed material. The material port is closed, and the cylindrical mixing shell 1 is rotated clockwise so that its left end wall is positioned upward. After adding the material to be mixed, the next processing operation can be carried out. This cycle continues.

[0019] Biochar organic fertilizer, mixed and processed in a specific ratio according to different crops and soil types, is applied to the black soil. The application method is: first, evenly spread the biochar organic fertilizer on the black soil surface, then till the top layer to a depth of 10-20 cm and bury the fertilizer. The application rates are as follows: ① Leafy vegetables, 60-80 kg / mu; ② Fruit and vegetable crops, 150-200 kg / mu; ③ Fruit trees, 200-300 kg / mu; ④ Other crops, 100-300 kg / mu.

Claims

1. A biochar organic fertilizer mixing and processing device, characterized by: Two pins D (35) are symmetrically and rotatably mounted on the device frame assembly (36). A rectangular frame (7) is supported and fixed on the inner side portions of the two pins D (35). A cylindrical mixing shell (1) is mounted on the inner side portion of the rectangular frame (7) in a manner perpendicular to the pins D (35) and rotatable in a circumferential direction. A bracket shaft (6) is supported and inserted in the cavity of the cylindrical mixing shell (1) at the center of the left end wall plate and the right end wall plate so as to be relatively rotatable. The left and right ends of the bracket shaft (6) located on the outer side of the cylindrical mixing shell (1) are respectively fixedly connected to the rectangular frame (7). A gear box A bracket (5) and a gear box B bracket (9) are fixedly mounted on the bracket shaft (6) in the axial direction in sequence. The gear box A (4) and the gear The gear box B (11) is rotatably mounted on the outer ends of the gear box A bracket (5) and the gear box B bracket (9), respectively. A mother gear (34) is fixed coaxially in the gear box A (4) and the gear box B (11), and a sub-gear (33) is rotatably mounted in the gear box A (4) and the gear box B (11) at the outer circumference of the mother gear (34). The sub-gear (33) and the mother gear (34) are meshed with each other. An auger shaft (15) is fixed on the sub-gear (33), and the auger shaft (15) is located outside the gear box A (4) and the gear box B (11). An auger blade A (3) and an auger shaft (15) are fixed on the auger shaft (15) of the gear box A (4) and the auger shaft (15) of the gear box B (11), respectively. The dragon blade B (10) is fixed with a T-shaped circular shaft (37) at the center of the gear box A (4) and the gear box B (11), and a forward spiral shaft (2) and a reverse spiral shaft (8) are respectively installed in the cavity of the cylindrical mixing shell (1) and staggered along the circumferential direction. The left and right ends of the forward spiral shaft (2) and the reverse spiral shaft (8) are respectively fixedly connected to the left and right end walls of the cylindrical mixing shell (1). The forward spiral shaft (2) and the reverse spiral shaft (8) are respectively inserted into the center holes of the gear box A (4) and the gear box B (11). The T-shaped circular shaft (37) fixed in the gear box A (4) is inserted into and slidably matched with the forward spiral groove of the forward spiral shaft (2) and is fixed in the gear box B (11). The T-shaped circular shaft (37) inside the cylindrical mixing shell (1) is engaged and slidably matched with the reverse spiral groove of the reverse spiral rod shaft (8). A material port is opened on the left end wall plate of the cylindrical mixing shell (1). The material port closing plate (38) is slidably mounted on the outer side of the left end wall plate of the cylindrical mixing shell (1). A semi-annular circular track plate (16) is fixed on the outer wall surface of the right end wall plate of the cylindrical mixing shell (1). A semi-annular circular outer rack (32) is fixed on the outer wall surface of the right end wall plate of the cylindrical mixing shell (1) and is coaxially located at the inner side of the semi-annular circular track plate (16). The motor (25) is installed on the device frame assembly (36). The adjusting rod (24) of the fixed universal joint D (26) is axially telescopically mounted on the motor shaft of the motor (25).A transmission frame (12) is mounted on the device frame assembly (36) at a position between the cylindrical mixing shell (1) and the motor (25) so as to be movable and adjustable left and right. The gear shaft sleeve (19) and the shaft sleeve (13) are respectively mounted on the transmission frame (12) so as to be slidable up and down. The gear shaft (30) is rotatably mounted on the gear shaft sleeve (19). The cylindrical gear (31) and the universal joint A (20) are respectively fixed on the left and right ends of the gear shaft (30). The left end of the gear shaft (30) is inserted and slidably fitted with or disengaged from the semi-circular circular track plate (16). The column gear (31) and the semi-ring type circular outer rack (32) are in meshing or disengaging with each other. The square hinge joint A (21) hinges the universal joint B (22) to the universal joint A (20). The pin C (27) and the square hinge joint B (28) hinge the universal joint C (29) to the universal joint D (26). The two sides of the universal joint transmission connecting shaft (23) are respectively inserted into the universal joint B (22) and the universal joint C (29) in a retractable manner. The left end and the right end of the connecting rod (18) are respectively hinged to the shaft sleeve (13) device frame assembly (36) through the pin A (14) and the pin B (17).

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