A full-surface adsorption support fixture for variable-taper ring weld area and an adaptive clamping method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a full-surface adsorption support fixture for a variable-taper ring weld area and an adaptive clamping method, belonging to the field of clamping technology. The fixture includes a workbench, a support table, a positioning and pressing device, a rotating cylindrical adsorption support module, a rotating cone shell adsorption support module and a PLC control system. The fixture provided by the present invention can meet the full-surface adsorption support clamping requirements of the ring weld area, and quantitatively apply support force and adsorption force according to different workpiece stiffness conditions such as different wall thicknesses, different processes, and different clamping positions. The clamping force is applied quantitatively and adaptively, and the whole-circle processing can be achieved with one clamping, thereby improving the processing accuracy and efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of clamping, and relates to a full-surface adsorption support fixture for a variable-taper ring weld area and an adaptive clamping method. Background Art

[0002] There are many large thin-walled shells in the national defense and aerospace industries. These thin-walled shells are usually processed by spinning. They have different shapes and sizes. In order to meet service requirements, these thin-walled shells are often welded before use. Usually, the circumferential weld area is welded by two large thin-walled shells with different tapers, and the welds need to be further thinned to reduce the weight of the overall workpiece. Most of the fixtures currently used are single-size mold clamps, which are not suitable for variable-taper circumferential weld areas. With the improvement of manufacturing accuracy, the wall thickness of the weld area usually needs to be thinned from tens of millimeters to about one millimeter. Traditional mold and contour clamping cannot adaptively adjust the clamping force quantitatively, and cannot achieve full-surface clamping, resulting in large deformation of the workpiece and low manufacturing accuracy. In addition, this type of fixture is highly specialized and has a low degree of automation, which greatly increases the manufacturing cost. For this reason, it is urgent to develop a full-surface adsorption support fixture and adaptive clamping method for the variable-taper circumferential weld area. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a variable taper ring weld area full surface adsorption support fixture and adaptive clamping method. The fixture provided by the present invention can meet the full surface adsorption support clamping of the ring weld area, quantitatively adjust the adsorption and support force, adaptively and quantitatively apply the clamping force, and can achieve full-circle processing in one clamping, thereby improving the processing accuracy and efficiency.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0005] A full-surface adsorption support fixture for a variable-taper ring weld area includes a workbench 1, a support table 2, a positioning and pressing device 3, a rotating cylindrical adsorption support module 4, a rotating cone shell adsorption support module 5, and a PLC control system. The variable-taper spin-welded thin-walled part 6 includes a rotating cylindrical spin-welded thin-walled part 6-1, a weld area 6-2, a rotating cone shell spin-welded thin-walled part 6-3, and a bottom edge 6-4. The rotating cylindrical adsorption support module 4 is used to provide clamping force for the rotating cylindrical spin-welded thin-walled part 6-1; the rotating cone shell adsorption support module 5 is used to provide clamping force for the rotating cone shell spin-welded thin-walled part 6-3. The support table 2 realizes the height coordination between the rotating cylindrical adsorption support module 4, the rotating cone shell adsorption support module 5 and the part to be processed, and has a certain load-bearing function. The positioning and pressing device 3 realizes the positioning of the bottom edge 6-4 of the large variable-taper spinning weldment, and the positioning and pressing device 3 has the functions of pressing the bottom edge 6-4 and tightening the inner wall of the weldment. The PLC control system integrates air circuit control and servo electric cylinder control to realize automatic clamping, and based on the force sensor, different clamping forces can be applied to different areas and different wall thicknesses to realize adaptive clamping.

[0006] The workbench 1 is a common machine tool workbench.

[0007] The support platform 2 is arranged on the workbench 1, and includes a mounting panel 2-1, an I-shaped column 2-2, and a fixed panel 2-3. The mounting panel 2-1 and the fixed panel 2-3 are in the shape of flat cylinders, and the I-shaped column 2-2 is in the shape of an I. The mounting panel 2-1 is connected to the fixed panel 2-3 through the I-shaped column 2-2. The number of the I-shaped column 2-2 can be determined according to the size and load-bearing capacity.

[0008] The positioning and pressing device 3 is provided in multiple pieces and is evenly arranged on the workbench 1 around the support platform 2; it includes a hand wheel 3-1, a rolling bearing 3-2, a universal ball valve structure 3-3, an inner support tensioning rubber plate 3-4, a pressure plate 3-5, a limit pressure plate 3-6, a ball valve fixing plate 3-7, a tail fixing plate 3-8, a workpiece support plate 3-9, a ball screw 3-10, a U-shaped support frame 3-11, a positioning and pressing lower part fixing plate 3-12 and a flexible height-increasing connecting plate 3-13. Among them, the positioning and pressing lower part fixing plate 3-12 is installed on the flexible height-increasing connecting plate 3-13; the U-shaped support frame 3-11 is hollow and fixed on the positioning and pressing lower part fixing plate 3-12; the tail fixing plate 3-8 is fixed at the end of the U-shaped support frame 3-11. The two ends of the ball screw 3-10 are respectively matched with the rolling bearings 3-2 on the front end of the U-shaped support frame 3-11 and the tail fixing plate 3-8, and are connected to the handwheel 3-1 located on the outside of the tail fixing plate 3-8. The ball valve fixing plate 3-7 is installed on the ball screw 3-10, and turning the handwheel 3-1 can drive the ball valve fixing plate 3-7 to move on the U-shaped support frame 3-11. The limiting pressure plate 3-6 is located at the top of the U-shaped support frame 3-11, and is matched with the gap of the ball valve fixing plate 3-7 to limit the ball valve fixing plate. The universal ball valve structure 3-3 is connected to the ball valve fixing plate 3-7, and the universal ball valve structure 3-3 has a certain flexibility, which can change the angle of the inner support tensioning rubber plate 3-4. The inner support tensioning rubber plate 3-4 is fixed to the universal ball valve structure 3-3. The workpiece support plate 3-9 is fixed on the top of the U-shaped support frame 3-11 and is located on the side of the tail fixing plate 3-8. The pressing plate 3-5 is installed on the workpiece support plate 3-9 by bolts to clamp the workpiece.

[0009] The rotary cylindrical adsorption support module 4 includes a cylindrical conformal support device 4-1, a vacuum adsorption support head 4-2, a clamp 4-3, a vacuum adsorption support head connecting plate 4-4, a force sensor connecting plate 4-5, a force sensor 4-6, a straight fixing seat 4-7, a servo electric cylinder 4-8, a servo electric cylinder fixing seat 4-9, a straight cylindrical support platform connecting plate 4-10 and a slide module 4-11. Among them, one end of the vacuum adsorption support head 4-2 is connected to the cylindrical conformal support device 4-1 through a clamp 4-3, and the other end is fixed on the vacuum adsorption support head connecting plate 4-4. The vacuum adsorption support head connecting plate 4-4, the force sensor connecting plate 4-5, the force sensor 4-6, the straight fixing seat 4-7, and the servo electric cylinder 4-8 are connected in sequence. The servo electric cylinder 4-8 is connected to the straight support platform connecting plate 4-10 through the servo electric cylinder fixing seat 4-9; the bottom of the straight fixing seat 4-7 is installed on the straight support platform connecting plate 4-10 through the slide module 4-11, and can move along the slide module 4-11. The straight support platform connecting plate 4-10 is installed on the support platform 2. The force sensor 4-6 is connected to the PLC control system and is an analog signal. It can realize real-time monitoring of the clamping force according to different processing procedures, different processing areas, and different rigidity workpieces and serve as a feedback adjustment signal.

[0010] The rotating cone shell adsorption support module 5 includes a cone shell conformal support device 5-6, a vacuum adsorption support head 4-2, a clamp 4-3, a vacuum adsorption support head connecting plate 4-4, a force sensor connecting plate 4-5, a force sensor 4-6, an oblique fixing seat 5-7, a servo electric cylinder 4-8, a servo electric cylinder fixing seat 4-9, a cone shell support platform connecting plate 5-8 and a slide module 4-11. The structural difference between the rotating cone shell adsorption support module 5 and the rotating cylindrical adsorption support module 4 lies in the cone shell conformal support device 5-6, the oblique fixing seat 5-7 and the cone shell support platform connecting plate 5-8. The rubber inner support plate in the cone shell conformal support device 5-6 is a rotating cone with a certain angle so as to adapt to the rotating cone shell spinning and welding thin-walled part 6-3. The angle of the inclined panel in the oblique fixing seat 5-7 is also adapted to the rotating cone shell spinning and welding thin-walled part 6-3. Since the height of the weld area 6-2 of the rotating cone shell spin-welded thin-walled part 6-3 is relatively low, the cone shell support platform connecting plate 5-8 is flat. The specific connection method is: one end of the vacuum adsorption support head 4-2 is connected to the cone shell conformal support device 5-6 through the clamp 4-3, and the other end is fixed on the vacuum adsorption support head connecting plate 4-4. The vacuum adsorption support head connecting plate 4-4, the force sensor connecting plate 4-5, the force sensor 4-6, the oblique fixing seat 5-7, and the servo electric cylinder 4-8 are connected in sequence. The servo electric cylinder 4-8 is connected to the cone shell support platform connecting plate 5-8 through the servo electric cylinder fixing seat 4-9; the bottom of the oblique fixing seat 5-7 is installed on the cone shell support platform connecting plate 5-8 through the slide module 4-11, and can move along the slide module 4-11. The cone shell support platform connecting plate 5-8 is installed on the support platform 2.

[0011] The rotating cylindrical adsorption support module 4 and the rotating conical shell adsorption support module 5 are arranged in a circumferential direction along the variable taper ring weld area in sequence, and the number of the two is equal.

[0012] The PLC control system is divided into an information control layer and a drive execution layer, including a host computer, a touch screen, a controller, a connector-IO slave station, a servo motor and a driver. Its communication method adopts a bus method, through which m servo motors and servo drivers can be synchronized. The connector-IO slave station contains N current analog quantities and 3*n switch quantities; its current analog quantity is mainly used to control the force sensor, and the switch quantity is mainly used to control the vacuum adsorption pores, support rod fixing pores and support rod reset pores of the vacuum adsorption support head. The PLC control system can realize the adaptive clamping of the clamping force quantitatively applied by this set of clamps.

[0013] Furthermore, the cylindrical conformal support device 4-1 comprises a rotating cylindrical rubber inner support plate 4-1-1, an inner support bracket 4-1-2 and an inner support through hole 4-1-3. Among them, the rotating cylindrical rubber inner support plate 4-1-1 has a certain flexibility and is designed according to the outer dimensions of the parts to be clamped. It has the function of increasing the support area, reducing vibration, and absorbing processing vibration energy. An inner support through hole 4-1-3 is provided in the middle of the rotating cylindrical rubber inner support plate 4-1-1, which is used to cooperate with the vacuum adsorption support head 4-2 to provide space for vacuum adsorption. The inner support bracket 4-1-2 is arranged on both sides of the inner support through hole 4-1-3. It is triangular in shape and has higher strength. One end of the inner support bracket 4-1-2 is connected to the rotating cylindrical rubber inner support plate 4-1-1, and the other end is connected to the clamp 4-3.

[0014] Furthermore, the vacuum adsorption support head 4-2 comprises a vacuum adsorption disc 4-2-6, a support rod fixing air hole 4-2-5, a vacuum adsorption air hole 4-2-4, a support rod reset air hole 4-2-3, a tightening handle 4-2-2, a fixing seat 4-2-10, a ball valve structure 4-2-9, a vacuum adsorption support base 4-2-8 and a gas spring support rod 4-2-7. Among them, the vacuum adsorption disc 4-2-6 and the gas spring support rod 4-2-7 are installed in the vacuum adsorption support base 4-2-8; the support rod fixing air hole 4-2-5 is fixed in the vacuum adsorption support base 4-2-8, and when the support rod fixing air hole 4-2-5 is ventilated, the gas spring support rod 4-2-7 can be telescopically moved; when the support rod fixing air hole 4-2-5 is de-aired, the gas spring support rod 4-2-7 is locked and fixed. The support rod reset air hole 4-2-3 is fixed in the vacuum adsorption support base 4-2-8. When the support rod reset air hole 4-2-3 is ventilated, the gas spring support rod 4-2-7 is elastic; when the support rod reset air hole 4-2-3 is de-energized, the gas spring support rod 4-2-7 is inelastic. The vacuum adsorption air hole 4-2-4 mainly controls the vacuum adsorption disk 4-2-6 to adsorb the workpiece. The ball valve structure 4-2-9 is installed on the vacuum adsorption support base 4-2-8, the tightening handle 4-2-2 is installed on the ball valve structure 4-2-9, the fixed seat 4-2-10 is connected to the ball valve structure 4-2-9, the ball valve structure 4-2-9 can realize the universal rotation of the support head, and the tightening handle 4-2-2 can realize the fixed clamping of the ball valve structure 4-2-9. The specific working method is as follows: the gas spring support rod 4-2-7 is elastic and flexible when filled with gas source, and the vacuum adsorption plate 4-2-6 can adsorb the workpiece tightly on the gas spring support rod 4-2-7, thereby clamping the workpiece. The support rod fixing air hole 4-2-5, the vacuum adsorption air hole 4-2-4 and the support rod reset air hole 4-2-3 are all connected to the PLC control system and are switch signals to realize automatic control of the gas circuit.

[0015] Furthermore, the clamp 4-3 is two symmetrical semicircular opening structures, and the circular conformal support device 4-1 is fixed by a locking nut.

[0016] Further, the straight fixing seat 4-7 includes a straight plate 4-7-1 and a slide module connection seat 4-7-2. The inclined fixing seat 5-7 includes an inclined plate 5-7-1 and a slide module connection seat 4-7-2. The straight plate 4-7-1 has no taper and is adapted to the rotating cylindrical spinning welded thin-walled part 6-1, and the inclined plate 5-7-1 has a taper and is adapted to the rotating cone shell spinning welded thin-walled part 6-3. The slide module connection seat 4-7-2 is fixed to the slider in the slide module 4-11.

[0017] Furthermore, the straight-tube support platform connecting plate 4-10 is provided with a weight-reducing through hole to reduce the overall weight.

[0018] Furthermore, the slide module 4-11 is equipped with double guide rails, which can more evenly distribute force and is less likely to cause overturning.

[0019] Furthermore, the angle of the universal ball valve structure 3-3 is adjustable, which can drive the inner support tensioning rubber plate 3-4 to rotate.

[0020] Furthermore, the limit pressure plate 3-6 is in the shape of a right-angle block and is used in pairs. Its length is determined according to the ball valve fixing plate 3-7. In addition to having a guiding function, it can also limit the overturning of the ball valve fixing plate 3-7.

[0021] Furthermore, the workpiece support plate 3-9 has a rectangular limit guide block at the bottom, which is located inside the U-shaped support frame 3-11 and can slide on the U-shaped support frame 3-11 to adjust the position. The workpiece support plate 3-9 is a workpiece bearing structure to reduce the rotation torque of the handwheel 3-1.

[0022] Furthermore, the overall height of the positioning and supporting device 3 can be adjusted by changing the height of the flexible height-increasing connecting plate 3 - 13 .

[0023] A method for clamping using the above-mentioned variable-taper ring weld area full-surface adsorption support fixture comprises the following steps:

[0024] Step 1: According to the size of the weldment, firstly fix a plurality of positioning and pressing devices 3 on the workbench 1 at equal intervals along the circumferential direction.

[0025] Step 2: hoist the assembled support platform 2 above the workbench 1 and fix it.

[0026] Step 3: fix the assembled rotating cylindrical adsorption support module 4 and the rotating conical shell adsorption support module 5 on the support platform 2 in sequence along the circumference of the weld area 6 - 2 .

[0027] Step 4: hoist the large variable-taper spinning welded thin-walled part 6 onto the positioning and pressing device 3 .

[0028] Step 5: Operate the pressure plate 3-5 of the positioning pressure support device to press the bottom edge 6-4 of the weldment. Shake the hand wheel 3-1 to make the inner support tension rubber plate 3-4 support the inner wall of the weldment and tighten it.

[0029] Step 6: Since the weld area stiffness at different positions of the variable taper spinning welded thin-walled part 6 is different and the wall thickness is different in different processes, based on the change in stiffness of the workpiece to be processed, the values ​​of the force sensors 4-6 are set respectively through the touch screen of the PLC control system to apply the clamping force quantitatively.

[0030] Step 7: Operate the touch screen control panel to ventilate the support rod reset air hole 4-2-3 and the support rod fixing air hole 4-2-5, and then the gas spring support rod 4-2-7 is elastic. Drive the push rod of the servo electric cylinder 4-8 to move forward until the gas spring support rod 4-2-7 of the vacuum adsorption support head 4-2 is completely compressed and reaches the value of the force sensor 4-6, and then the push rod of the servo electric cylinder 4-8 stops moving and is fixed and locked in this position.

[0031] Step 8: Operate the touch screen panel to cut off the air in the support rod fixing vent 4-2-5 of the vacuum adsorption support head 4-2, and the gas spring support rod 4-2-7 is locked. Open the switch of the vacuum adsorption vent 4-2-4, and negative pressure is generated in the vacuum adsorption plate 4-2-6 to tightly adsorb the workpiece, thereby completing the full-surface adsorption support clamping of the variable taper ring weld area.

[0032] Step 9: Machine the weld area to completion.

[0033] Step 10: Operate the touch screen control panel to turn off the switch of the vacuum adsorption air hole 4-2-4. At this time, the vacuum adsorption plate 4-2-6 no longer adsorbs the workpiece. Use the displacement control method to drive the push rod of the servo electric cylinder 4-8 to drive the vacuum adsorption head 4-2 and the cylindrical conformal support device to move a certain distance away from the weld area 6-2, so that the gas spring support rod 4-2-7 is no longer in contact with the weld area 6-2. Operate the touch screen to open the air circuit switch of the support rod fixing air hole 4-2-5 (gas cut-off lock). At this time, the gas spring support rod 4-2-7 has elasticity and resets, thereby completing the clamping and release.

[0034] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0035] (1) The variable taper ring weld area full surface adsorption support fixture provided by the present invention has a certain flexibility, and the servo electric cylinder push rod has a certain stroke. According to the different positions of the push rod, it can adapt to the clamping of ring weld areas of different sizes. The conformal support device can be designed according to the surface of the workpiece to be clamped to achieve the clamping of ring weld areas with different surfaces. This set of fixtures can achieve the clamping of ring weld areas with variable tapers and the same tapers.

[0036] (2) The fixture provided by the present invention adopts full-surface adsorption support, which can realize full-surface clamping of the girth weld area. The entire girth weld area can be processed in one clamping, which reduces the clamping time and improves the processing efficiency. In addition, full-surface clamping can improve the clamping stiffness of the weld area. Rubber has a certain compressibility, which plays a role in absorbing vibration and reducing processing chatter, greatly improving the processing accuracy.

[0037] (3) The adaptive clamping method provided by the present invention is based on a PLC automatic control system, and quantitatively applies adaptive supporting force and adsorption force according to different workpiece stiffness conditions such as different wall thicknesses, different processes, and different clamping positions, thereby reducing the occurrence of clamping deformation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the full-surface adsorption support fixture of the variable-taper ring weld area.

[0039] Figure 2 It is a clamping schematic diagram; (a) is the clamping front view and (b) is the clamping cross-sectional view along AA.

[0040] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the support platform.

[0041] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the positioning and holding device; (a) is a forward axonometric view, and (b) is a downward axonometric view.

[0042] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a rotating cylindrical adsorption support module.

[0043] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the rotating cone shell adsorption support module.

[0044] Figure 7 It is the topology diagram of the PLC control system.

[0045] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of a cylindrical conformal support device.

[0046] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of a vacuum adsorption support head.

[0047] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of a straight fixed seat.

[0048] Fig.11 Schematic diagram of the oblique fixing seat.

[0049] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of a full-surface adsorption support fixture for a conical ring weld area in Example 2.

[0050] Fig.13 It is a clamping schematic diagram of Example 2; wherein (a) is a front view of the clamping, and (b) is a cross-sectional view of the clamping along BB.

[0051] Among them: 1 workbench; 2 support table; 3 positioning pressure support device; 4 rotary cylindrical adsorption support module; 5 rotary cone shell adsorption support module; 6 variable taper spinning welding thin-walled parts; 7 same taper spinning welding thin-walled parts; 8 heightened support table; 2-1 installation panel; 2-2 I-shaped column; 2-3 fixed panel; 3-1 hand wheel; 3-2 rolling bearing; 3-3 universal ball valve structure; 3-4 inner support tensioning rubber plate; 3-5 pressure plate; 3-6 limit pressure plate; 3-7 ball valve fixing plate; 3 -8 tail fixing plate; 3-9 workpiece support plate; 3-10 ball screw; 3-11 U-shaped support frame; 3-12 positioning pressure support lower part fixing plate; 3-13 flexible height-increasing connecting plate; 4-1 cylindrical shape-conforming supporting device; 4-2 vacuum adsorption support head; 4-3 clamp; 4-4 vacuum adsorption support head connecting plate; 4-5 force sensor connecting plate; 4-6 force sensor; 4-7 straight fixing seat; 4-8 servo electric cylinder; 4-9 servo electric cylinder fixing seat; 4-10 Straight support table connecting plate; 4-11 slide module; 4-1-1 rotary cylindrical rubber inner support plate; 4-1-2 inner support bracket; 4-1-3 inner support through hole; 4-2-2 tightening handle; 4-2-3 support rod reset air hole; 4-2-4 vacuum adsorption air hole; 4-2-5 support rod fixing air hole; 4-2-6 vacuum adsorption plate; 4-2-7 gas spring support rod; 4-2-8 vacuum adsorption support base; 4-2-9 ball valve structure; 4-2-10 fixing seat; 4-7-1 straight panel; 4-7-2 slide module connecting seat; 5-6 cone shell conformal support device; 5-7 inclined fixing seat; 5-8 cone shell support platform connecting plate; 5-7-1 inclined panel; 6-1 rotary cylindrical spinning welded thin-walled parts; 6-2 weld area; 6-3 rotary cone shell spinning welded thin-walled parts; 6-4 bottom edge; 7-1 upper section of the same taper spinning welded thin-walled parts; 7-2 same taper weld area; 7-3 lower section of the same taper spinning welded thin-walled parts; 7-4 same taper bottom edge. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The following describes the implementation of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and technical solutions.

[0053] In Example 1, the material of the large variable-taper spinning welded thin-walled part 6 is a high-strength aluminum alloy, which is divided into a rotary cylindrical spinning welded thin-walled part 6-1, a weld area 6-2, a rotary cone shell spinning welded thin-walled part 6-3 and a bottom edge 6-4.

[0054] First, assemble a variable taper ring weld area full surface adsorption support fixture, such as Figure 1 and Figure 7 As shown, it includes a workbench 1, a support table 2, a positioning and pressing device 3, a rotating cylindrical adsorption support module 4, a rotating cone shell adsorption support module 5 and a PLC control system.

[0055] Assemble the support platform 2: connect the six I-shaped columns 2-2 with the fixed panel 2-3; place the installation panel 2-1 above the six I-shaped columns 2-2 and fix them with bolts.

[0056] Assemble the positioning and pressing device 3: In this example, a total of six sets of positioning and pressing devices 3 are used, which have the functions of pressing the bottom edge 6-4 of the welded part and tightening the inner wall of the welded part with internal support, so as to clamp the rotating cone shell spinning welded thin-walled part 6-3 more stably. First, fix the lower fixing plate 3-12 of the positioning and pressing support to the flexible height-increasing connecting plate 3-13 by bolts; fix the U-shaped support frame 3-11 to the lower fixing plate 3-12 of the positioning and pressing support; fix the tail fixing plate 3-8 to the side of the U-shaped support frame 3-11 close to the handwheel 3-1 by bolts; install the rolling bearing 3-2 into the tail fixing plate 3-8 and the U-shaped support frame 3-11; the two ends of the ball screw 3-10 are respectively matched with the two rolling bearings 3-2, and are connected to the handwheel 3-1 located on the outside of the tail fixing plate 3-8. Fix the ball valve fixing plate 3-7 to the universal ball valve structure 3-3 and the inner support tension rubber plate 3-4, and install the ball valve fixing plate 3-7 on the ball screw 3-10. Fix the limit pressure plate 3-6 above the U-shaped support frame 3-11 and away from the hand wheel 3-1 side, and at the same time, cooperate with the ball valve fixing plate 3-7 to play a limit guide role. Fix the workpiece support plate 3-9 to the U-shaped support frame 3-11 with bolts; fix the pressure plate 3-5 to the workpiece support plate 3-9 with bolts.

[0057] Assemble the rotary cylindrical adsorption support module 4: In order to make the force more uniform, two sets of slide modules 4-11 are used in this embodiment 1. First, fix the slide module 4-11 to the straight support platform connecting plate 4-10; then fix the straight fixing seat 4-7 to the slide module 4-11; one side of the straight fixing seat 4-7 is connected to the force sensor 4-6, and the other side is fixed to the servo electric cylinder 4-8; the vacuum adsorption support head 4-2 is fixed to the force sensor 4-6 through the vacuum adsorption support head connecting plate 4-4 and the force sensor connecting plate 4-5; fix the clamp 4-3 to the vacuum adsorption support head 4-2; the cylindrical conformable support device 4-1 is fixed to the clamp 4-3 by bolts; and the servo electric cylinder 4-8 is fixedly installed to the straight support platform connecting plate 4-10 through the servo electric cylinder fixing seat 4-9.

[0058] Assemble the rotating cone shell adsorption support module 5; the installation method is similar to the rotating cylindrical adsorption support module 4, the difference is the structure of the parts, among which the rubber inner support plate of the cone shell conformal support device 5-6 is in the shape of a rotating cone shell; the inclined plate 5-7-1 of the inclined fixing seat 5-7 has a certain angle and matches the workpiece to be clamped; the cone shell support platform connecting plate 5-8 is flat, and the height matches the workpiece to be clamped. The assembled rotating cylindrical adsorption support module 4 and the rotating cone shell adsorption support module 5 are fixed on the support platform 2 in sequence.

[0059] PLC control system connection: according to Figure 7 The topology diagram of the PLC control system is based on the bus communication method, which connects the host computer, touch screen, controller, servo motor and driver, and connector unit-IO slave (including switch quantity and analog quantity signals) in sequence. In this embodiment 1, a total of sixteen groups of analog quantity signals and sixteen groups of switch quantity signals are used. The sixteen groups of force sensors 4-6 are respectively connected to the connector unit-IO slave; the sixteen groups of vacuum adsorption support heads 4-2 are respectively connected to the connector unit-IO slave, and finally the wiring of the gas circuit and the electrical equipment is completed.

[0060] In this embodiment 1, a total of sixteen groups of vacuum adsorption support heads 4-2 are used, which are vacuum equipment commonly used for grasping in industry. Each vacuum adsorption support head 4-2 has three air holes, including a support rod fixing air hole (gas cut-off locking) 4-2-5, a vacuum adsorption air hole 4-2-4, and a support rod reset air hole (air-ventilated and elastic) 4-2-3. The vacuum adsorption air hole 4-2-4 mainly controls the vacuum suction cup 4-2-6 to adsorb the workpiece. The support rod fixing air hole (gas cut-off locking) 4-2-5 mainly controls whether the gas spring support rod 4-2-7 is fixed, and the support rod reset air hole (air-ventilated and elastic) 4-2-3 mainly controls whether the gas spring support rod 4-2-7 is elastic.

[0061] At this point, a full-surface adsorption support fixture for a variable-taper ring weld area is assembled.

[0062] A method for adaptive clamping using the above-mentioned variable-taper ring weld area full-surface adsorption support fixture, the steps are as follows:

[0063] The first step: fix the positioning and pressing device 3.

[0064] According to the size of the variable-taper spinning and welding thin-walled part 6, six sets of positioning and pressing devices 3 are fixed above the workbench 1.

[0065] Step 2: Lift the fixture body.

[0066] An assembled variable-taper ring weld area full-surface adsorption support fixture is hoisted above the workbench 1 and fixed by bolts.

[0067] Step 3: Fix the rotating cone shell spinning welding thin-walled part 6 with variable taper to weld the thin-walled part 6 - 3 .

[0068] Lift the variable-taper spin-formed welded thin-walled part 6 onto the workpiece support plate 3-9, press the bottom edge 6-4 of the welded part by the pressing plate 3-5 to fix it, then shake the handwheel 3-1, and drive the ball valve fixing plate 3-7 to move toward the inner wall of the welded part through the rotation of the ball screw 3-10 until the inner support tensioning rubber plate 3-4 contacts the inner wall of the welded part, and continue to shake the handwheel 3-1 until the inner support tensioning rubber plate 3-4 and the inner support tensioning the inner wall of the welded part.

[0069] Step 4: Based on the different stiffness conditions caused by different areas and wall thicknesses, provide adaptive support and adsorption forces, and open and close the air path through the PLC control system.

[0070] Based on the different stiffness conditions of different areas and wall thicknesses of the weld area 6-2, the value of the force sensor 4-6 is set in sequence through the touch screen of the PLC control system; the air pressure is adjusted to set the adsorption force value; the touch screen is operated to open the air circuit switch of the support rod fixing air hole (air cut-off lock) 4-2-5, and open the air circuit switch of the support rod reset air hole (air ventilation elastic) 4-2-3. At this time, the gas spring support rod 4-2-7 is similar to a spring structure and has compressibility.

[0071] Step 5: Clamp the workpiece with a certain supporting force.

[0072] Operate the touch screen of the PLC control system to drive the push rods of the sixteen servo electric cylinders 4-8 to move toward the side close to the weld area 6-2 until the gas spring support rod 4-2-7 of the vacuum adsorption support head 4-2 is completely compressed and reaches the support force value set by the force sensor 4-6, and then the push rods of the servo electric cylinders 4-8 stop moving and are fixed and locked in this position.

[0073] Step 6: Adsorb and support the variable taper ring weld area.

[0074] Operate the touch screen panel to cut off the air in the support rod fixing vent (air cut-off lock) 4-2-5 of the vacuum adsorption support head 4-2, and the gas spring support rod 4-2-7 is locked. Open the switch of the vacuum adsorption vent 4-2-4, and negative pressure is generated in the vacuum adsorption plate 4-2-6 to tightly adsorb the workpiece. Thus, the adaptive clamping of the full-surface adsorption support fixture in the variable taper ring weld area is completed.

[0075] Step 7: Processing the ring weld area 6-2 of large variable-taper spinning welded thin-walled parts.

[0076] Step 8: Automatically release the clamping and reset the gas spring support rod 4-2-7.

[0077] Operate the touch screen control panel to turn off the switch of the vacuum adsorption air hole 4-2-4. At this time, the vacuum adsorption plate 4-2-6 no longer adsorbs the workpiece. Use the displacement control method to drive the push rod of the servo electric cylinder 4-8 to drive the vacuum adsorption head 4-2 to move away from the weld area 6-2. Operate the touch screen to open the air circuit switch of the support rod fixing air hole (gas cut-off lock) 4-2-5. At this time, the gas spring support rod 4-2-7 has elasticity and resets, thereby automatically releasing the clamping.

[0078] Step 9: Hoist the variable-taper spinning welded thin-walled part 6 to the material warehouse.

[0079] The present invention provides a full-surface adsorption support fixture and adaptive clamping method for a variable-taper annular weld area, which can realize full-surface adsorption support and adaptive clamping of a variable-taper annular weld area. The servo electric cylinder push rod has a certain stroke, and can adapt to the clamping of annular weld areas of different sizes according to the different positions of the push rod; the conformal support device can be designed according to the profile of the workpiece to be clamped to realize the clamping of annular weld areas with different profiles; and finally, the clamping of annular weld areas with variable tapers and the same taper can be realized. The full-surface adsorption support can realize the full-surface clamping of the annular weld area, and the entire annular weld area can be processed in one clamping, which reduces the clamping time and improves the processing efficiency. In addition, the full-surface clamping can improve the clamping stiffness of the weld area, and the rubber has a certain compressibility, which can absorb vibration and reduce the processing chatter, greatly improving the processing accuracy. The adaptive clamping method can realize the quantitative application of adaptive support force and adsorption force according to different workpiece stiffness conditions such as different wall thicknesses, different processes, and different clamping positions, thereby reducing the occurrence of clamping deformation. Based on the PLC control system, the automatic clamping and releasing of the whole set of fixtures can be realized.

[0080] In order to expand the implementation method of this set of clamps, some explanations are given to Example 2: Fig.12 and Fig.13The schematic diagram of the clamping of the clamp of the present invention on the circumferential weld area of ​​the same-taper spinning welded thin-walled part 7 is shown. The assembly method and specific implementation method are substantially the same as those of Example 1. Since the workpiece to be clamped becomes the same-taper spinning welded thin-walled part 7, the main difference lies in the different adsorption support modules used. In Example 1, both the rotary cylindrical adsorption support module 4 and the rotary cone shell adsorption support module 5 are used, while in Example 2, only the rotary cone shell adsorption support module 5 is used.

[0081] Although the embodiments of the present invention are described in the specification, these embodiments are only for reference and should not limit the protection scope of the present invention. Various omissions, substitutions and changes within the scope of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A full-surface adsorption support fixture for a variable-taper ring weld area, characterized in that: The fixture comprises a workbench (1), a support table (2), a positioning and pressing device (3), a rotating cylindrical adsorption support module (4), a rotating cone shell adsorption support module (5) and a PLC control system; The support platform (2) is arranged on the workbench (1); a plurality of positioning and pressing devices (3) are arranged evenly on the workbench (1) around the support platform (2), and are used to position the bottom edge of a large variable-taper spinning weldment, and simultaneously press the bottom edge of the weldment and tighten the inner wall of the weldment with internal support; The rotary cylindrical adsorption support module (4) comprises a cylindrical conformable support device (4-1), a vacuum adsorption support head (4-2), a clamp (4-3), a vacuum adsorption support head connecting plate (4-4), a force sensor connecting plate (4-5), a force sensor (4-6), a straight fixed seat (4-7), a servo electric cylinder (4-8), a straight cylindrical support platform connecting plate (4-10) and a slide module (4-11); wherein one end of the vacuum adsorption support head (4-2) is connected to the cylindrical conformable support device (4-1) through the clamp (4-3), and the other end is fixed to the vacuum adsorption support head (4-3). The support head connecting plate (4-4) is connected to the support head connecting plate (4-4); the vacuum adsorption support head connecting plate (4-4), the force sensor connecting plate (4-5), the force sensor (4-6), the straight fixing seat (4-7), and the servo electric cylinder (4-8) are connected in sequence; the servo electric cylinder (4-8) is fixed on the straight tube support platform connecting plate (4-10); the bottom of the straight fixing seat (4-7) is installed on the straight tube support platform connecting plate (4-10) through the slide module (4-11) and can move along the slide module (4-11); the straight tube support platform connecting plate (4-10) is installed on the support platform (2); The rotary cone shell adsorption support module (5) comprises a cone shell conformal support device (5-6), a vacuum adsorption support head (4-2), a clamp (4-3), a vacuum adsorption support head connecting plate (4-4), a force sensor connecting plate (4-5), a force sensor (4-6), an oblique fixing seat (5-7), a servo electric cylinder (4-8), a servo electric cylinder fixing seat (4-9), a cone shell support platform connecting plate (5-8) and a slide module (4-11); the rotary cone shell adsorption support module (5) The structural difference from the rotary cylindrical adsorption support module (4) lies in the cone shell conformal support device (5-6), the oblique fixed seat (5-7) and the cone shell support platform connecting plate (5-8); the rubber inner support plate in the cone shell conformal support device (5-6) is a rotary cone with an angle to adapt to the rotary cone shell spinning welding thin-walled parts; the angle of the inclined plate in the oblique fixed seat (5-7) is adapted to the rotary cone shell spinning welding thin-walled parts; the cone shell support platform connecting plate (5-8) is flat; The rotating cylindrical adsorption support module (4) and the rotating cone shell adsorption support module (5) are arranged in a circumferentially spaced manner along the variable taper ring weld area, and are arranged in sequence, and the number of the two is equal; The PLC control system includes a host computer, a touch screen, a controller, a connector-IO slave station, a servo motor and a driver; its communication method adopts a bus method, through which the synchronous movement of m servo motors and servo drivers is achieved; the connector-IO slave station contains N current analog quantities and 3*n switch quantities; its current analog quantity controls the force sensor, and the switch quantity controls the vacuum adsorption pores, support rod fixing pores and support rod reset pores of the vacuum adsorption support head.

2. A variable taper ring weld area full surface adsorption support fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The positioning and pressure-supporting device (3) comprises a hand wheel (3-1), a rolling bearing (3-2), a universal ball valve structure (3-3), an inner support tensioning rubber plate (3-4), a pressure plate (3-5), a limit pressure plate (3-6), a ball valve fixing plate (3-7), a tail fixing plate (3-8), a workpiece supporting plate (3-9), a ball screw (3-10), a U-shaped support frame (3-11), a positioning and pressure-supporting lower part fixing plate (3-12) and a flexible height-increasing connecting plate (3-13); wherein the positioning and pressure-supporting lower part fixing plate (3-12) is mounted on the flexible height-increasing connecting plate (3-13); the U-shaped support frame (3-11) is hollow and fixed on the positioning and pressure-supporting lower part fixing plate (3-12); the tail fixing plate (3-8) is fixed on the end of the U-shaped support frame (3-11); the two ends of the ball screw (3-10) are respectively connected to the front end and the rear end of the U-shaped support frame (3-11); The rolling bearing (3-2) on the tail fixing plate (3-8) cooperates and is connected to the hand wheel (3-1) located outside the tail fixing plate (3-8); the ball valve fixing plate (3-7) is installed on the ball screw (3-10), and the hand wheel (3-1) is rotated to drive the ball valve fixing plate (3-7) to move on the U-shaped support frame (3-11); the limit pressure plate (3-6) is located at the top of the U-shaped support frame (3-11), and is clearance-matched with the ball valve fixing plate (3-7) to limit the ball valve fixing plate; the universal ball valve structure (3-3) is connected to the ball valve fixing plate (3-7), and the inner support tensioning rubber plate (3-4) is fixed to the universal ball valve structure (3-3); the workpiece support plate (3-9) is fixed to the top of the U-shaped support frame (3-11) and is located on the side of the tail fixing plate (3-8), and the pressure plate (3-5) is installed on the workpiece support plate (3-9) to press the workpiece.

3. A variable taper ring weld area full surface adsorption support fixture according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The vacuum adsorption support head (4-2) comprises a vacuum adsorption disc (4-2-6), a support rod fixing air hole (4-2-5), a vacuum adsorption air hole (4-2-4), a support rod reset air hole (4-2-3), a tightening handle (4-2-2), a fixing seat (4-2-10), a ball valve structure (4-2-9), a vacuum adsorption support base (4-2-8) and a gas spring support rod (4-2-7); wherein the vacuum adsorption disc (4-2-6) and the gas spring support rod (4-2-7) are installed in the vacuum adsorption support base (4-2-8); the support rod fixing air hole (4-2-5) is fixed in the vacuum adsorption support base (4-2-8); when the support rod fixing air hole (4-2-5) is ventilated, the gas spring support rod (4-2-7) telescopes and moves; when the support rod fixing air hole (4-2-5) is de-vented, the gas spring support rod (4-2 -7) is locked and fixed; the support rod reset air hole (4-2-3) is fixed in the vacuum adsorption support base (4-2-8); when the support rod reset air hole (4-2-3) is ventilated, the gas spring support rod (4-2-7) is elastic; when the support rod reset air hole (4-2-3) is de-energized, the gas spring support rod (4-2-7) is inelastic; the vacuum adsorption air hole (4-2-4) controls the vacuum adsorption disk (4-2-6) to adsorb the workpiece; the ball valve structure (4-2-9) is installed on the vacuum adsorption support base (4-2-8), the tightening handle (4-2-2) is installed on the ball valve structure (4-2-9), the fixing seat (4-2-10) is connected to the ball valve structure (4-2-9), the ball valve structure (4-2-9) can realize the universal rotation of the support head, and the tightening handle (4-2-2) can realize the fixed clamping of the ball valve structure (4-2-9).

4. A variable taper ring weld area full surface adsorption support fixture according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The cylindrical conformable support device (4-1) comprises a rotating cylindrical rubber inner support plate (4-1-1), an inner support bracket (4-1-2) and an inner support through hole (4-1-3); wherein the rotating cylindrical rubber inner support plate (4-1-1) is flexible and is designed according to the outer dimensions of the parts to be clamped; an inner support through hole (4-1-3) is provided in the middle of the rotating cylindrical rubber inner support plate (4-1-1) for cooperating with the vacuum adsorption support head (4-2) to provide space for vacuum adsorption; the inner support bracket (4-1-2) is provided on both sides of the inner support through hole (4-1-3), one end of which is connected to the rotating cylindrical rubber inner support plate (4-1-1) and the other end is connected to the clamp (4-3).

5. A variable taper ring weld area full surface adsorption support fixture according to claim 4, characterized in that: The clamp (4-3) is two symmetrical semicircular opening structures, and the cylindrical conformable support device (4-1) is fixed by a locking nut.

6. The variable taper ring weld area full surface adsorption support fixture according to claim 2, characterized in that: The limit pressure plates (3-6) are in the shape of right-angle blocks and are used in pairs. The length of the limit pressure plates (3-6) is determined according to the ball valve fixing plates (3-7).

7. The variable taper ring weld area full surface adsorption support fixture according to claim 2, characterized in that: The workpiece support plate (3-9) has a rectangular limiting guide block at the bottom. The limiting guide block is located inside the U-shaped support frame (3-11) and can slide on the U-shaped support frame to adjust its position.

8. The variable taper ring weld area full surface adsorption support fixture according to claim 7, characterized in that: The support platform (2) comprises a mounting panel (2-1), an I-shaped column (2-2) and a fixed panel (2-3); wherein the mounting panel (2-1) and the fixed panel (2-3) are in the shape of flat cylinders, and the mounting panel (2-1) is connected to the fixed panel (2-3) via the I-shaped column (2-2).

9. A method for clamping using the variable taper ring weld area full surface adsorption support fixture as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: The first step: firstly, according to the size of the weldment, a plurality of positioning and pressing devices (3) are fixed on the workbench (1) at equal intervals along the circumferential direction; Step 2: hoist the assembled support platform (2) above the workbench (1) and fix it; Step 3: The assembled rotating cylindrical adsorption support module (4) and the rotating cone shell adsorption support module (5) are sequentially fixed on the support platform (2) along the circumference of the weld area; Step 4: hoisting the large variable taper spinning welded thin-walled parts onto the positioning and pressing device (3); Step 5: operate the pressure plate (3-5) of the positioning pressure support device to press the bottom edge of the weldment; shake the hand wheel (3-1) to make the inner support tensioning rubber plate (3-4) support the inner wall of the weldment and tighten and fix it; Step 6: Since the weld area stiffness at different positions of the variable taper spinning welded thin-walled parts is different and the wall thickness is different in different processes, based on the change in stiffness of the workpiece to be processed, the values ​​of the force sensors (4-6) are set respectively through the PLC control system to quantitatively apply the clamping force; Step 7: Operate the touch screen control panel to ventilate the support rod reset air hole (4-2-3) and the support rod fixing air hole (4-2-5), and then the gas spring support rod (4-2-7) becomes elastic; drive the push rod of the servo electric cylinder (4-8) to move forward until the gas spring support rod (4-2-7) is completely compressed and reaches the value of the force sensor (4-6), and then the push rod of the servo electric cylinder (4-8) stops moving and is fixed and locked in this position; Step 8: operate the touch screen panel to cut off the air in the support rod fixing pore (4-2-5) of the vacuum adsorption support head (4-2), and the gas spring support rod (4-2-7) is locked; open the switch of the vacuum adsorption pore (4-2-4), and negative pressure is generated in the vacuum adsorption plate (4-2-6) to tightly adsorb the workpiece, thereby completing the full-surface adsorption support clamping of the variable taper ring weld area; Step 9: Machine the weld area until it is completed; Step 10: Operate the touch screen control panel to close the switch of the vacuum adsorption air hole (4-2-4), at which time the vacuum adsorption plate (4-2-6) no longer adsorbs the workpiece; use the displacement control method to drive the push rod of the servo electric cylinder (4-8) to drive the vacuum adsorption support head (4-2) and the cylindrical conformal support device to move away from the weld area, so that the gas spring support rod (4-2-7) is no longer in contact with the weld area; operate the touch screen to open the air circuit switch of the support rod fixing air hole (4-2-5), at which time the gas spring support rod (4-2-7) has elasticity and resets, thereby completing the clamping and release.

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