A kind of waste lead-acid battery plate recycling pretreatment device

Abstract

The application provides a kind of waste lead-acid battery plate recycling pretreatment device. Through lead mud cleaning, dewatering, drying and other unit operations, the problem of deep separation of broken plate and lead mud is solved, the problem of long-time stacking on site, occupying space and long-time oxidation to reduce lead direct recovery rate is solved, the problem of high water content of plate before entering the melting pot is easily caused by high-temperature material splashing is solved, the energy consumption of large-scale lead-acid battery recycling device is reduced, the working environment is improved, and the production safety and efficiency are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the heavy metal waste treatment recycling technical field, and particularly relates to a waste lead-acid battery plate recycling pretreatment device. BACKGROUND

[0002] The lead-acid battery is the largest production and the most widely used battery in the world, and the lead consumed by the lead-acid battery accounts for 82% of the total lead consumption in the world. According to statistics, the consumption of lead-acid batteries in China is about 8 million per year. From the perspective of environmental protection, the lead-acid battery is also the most harmful battery to the environment and human health. With the large amount of waste lead-acid batteries, and considering the significant impact of lead on the environment, the recycling of waste lead-acid batteries has always been valued.

[0003] The waste lead-acid battery is physically broken and washed with a large amount of water to separate the separator paper, plastic (ABS) and plate. These materials are sent to different discharge openings by a spiral conveyor and received by a hopper with holes. Because the materials carry a large amount of water, they need to be controlled for about 4 hours before being transferred to another place. Different materials need to be placed in different hoppers, which occupies a large area of the workshop, limiting the on-site operation and causing many hidden dangers.

[0004] The high-value plate in the waste lead-acid battery becomes smaller in size after being broken. The fine plate in the drum often carries a large amount of lead mud. The lead mud entering the low-temperature melting pot will produce a large amount of floating ash. During mechanical ash removal, a small amount of lead is mixed with floating ash and enters the furnace again, increasing the processing capacity of the material entering the furnace and increasing the operating cost, while the direct recovery rate of lead is reduced.

[0005] The plates stacked in the hopper will accelerate the oxidation rate and generate lead oxide in a humid environment. The lead oxide cannot be directly recycled and utilized in the form of liquid metal lead, further reducing the direct recovery rate of the plate lead. Usually, after water control treatment, the plate added to the low-temperature melting pot still contains more than 10% water. At this time, the temperature in the pot is controlled at 550 DEG C. The water in the plate is easy to splash when it meets the liquid metal lead, causing the floating ash in the pot to overflow to the operation site, which has a large safety hidden danger. The floating ash contains heavy metals, and there are dead angles in the cleaning process of the relatively hidden narrow space, which will cause environmental hazards over time.

[0006] In order to solve the problem of floating slag in the process of feeding in the low temperature melting process of the plate, some manufacturers try to use a drying kiln to dry the water-containing plate, and the drying heat source of the material comes from the flue gas generated by natural gas or pulverized coal combustion. The content of lead in the plate is as high as 96%, and the melting point of lead is only 327 DEG C. The plate moves in the kiln, the flue gas in the kiln flows in the opposite direction of the material, the temperature at the head of the kiln is higher than that at the tail of the kiln, which leads to the partial melting of lead but the limited flowability, and the subsequent drying plate appears to be blocked in the kiln, which increases the burden of operation and the running cost is high. The above reasons often lead the producers to give up using the drying step and return to the original operation mode.

[0007] The waste lead-acid battery is listed as hazardous waste, and the enterprises that utilize the waste lead-acid battery face the double pressure of environmental protection and energy consumption. The investment proportion of environmental protection facilities in the project construction is high, and the intermediate material storage needs corresponding warehouse or storage point during production and operation. Therefore, reducing the storage and transportation of intermediate materials has a very obvious effect on investment and operation cost control.

[0008] Based on the above reasons, it is necessary to develop a new type of plate recycling pretreatment device to solve the problem of deep separation of broken plates and lead sludge, the problem of long-time on-site stacking of material water control, the problem of site occupation and the problem of reducing the direct recovery rate of lead, to solve the problem of high water content of the plate before entering the pot, which is easy to cause high-temperature material splashing, to reduce energy consumption, to improve the working environment, and to improve production safety and efficiency. SUMMARY

[0009] The scheme directly conveys the wet plate through the device by the belt conveyor, cleans the lead sludge adhered in the plate, rapidly removes most of the water, and then enters the drying kiln, thereby reducing the water control transportation link of the plate, reducing the oxidation amount of metal lead in the wet plate, reducing the generation amount of floating ash in the low-temperature melting pot after the lead sludge is cleaned, reducing the number of floating ash physical inclusion of lead, improving the direct recovery rate of lead, shortening the plate recycling time, using the steam generated by the waste heat boiler to heat the air to dry the broken plate material, reducing the consumption of natural gas, and saving the production cost. The scheme provides a simple and effective way for recycling of a large amount of waste lead-acid battery plate material, and is also beneficial to cost reduction and benefit increase of a large-scale lead-acid battery recycling device.

[0010] The application provides a waste lead-acid battery plate recycling pretreatment device, which comprises the following component units:

[0011] The lead sludge cleaning unit is provided with ultrasonic transducers on both sides of the water tank, a water inlet A (10) is arranged on one side of the water tank, a conveying device (11) loads the waste plate material to pass through the ultrasonic water tank, a sieve (12) is arranged below the water tank, a water inlet B (13) is arranged on one side of the tank body below the sieve, and a lead sludge discharge port (14) is arranged on the opposite side of the water inlet B (13).

[0012] Dehydration unit: the plate material after lead mud cleaning enters the vibrating screen (15) to remove most of the water;

[0013] Drying unit: the plate material with most of the water removed is transported to the drying kiln, the kiln head is provided with an air inlet (21), a steam heating coil (22) and a blower (23), saturated steam is used to heat air, and the hot air is sent into the drying kiln to dry the plate material, the hot air and the plate material flow in the same direction; the plate material is transported into the low-temperature melting pot after drying for lead recovery; the temperature of the plate material before entering the low-temperature melting pot is still above 80℃, and the water content is less than 1%.

[0014] Further, the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic transducer is 15-25 kHz.

[0015] Further, the speed of the conveying device is 20-40 m / min.

[0016] Further, the screen mesh of the screen separator is 10-20 meshes.

[0017] Further, the vibration frequency of the vibrating screen is 1-10 times / s, and the screen surface inclination angle is 10-30°.

[0018] Further, the drying kiln includes a rotating cylinder and a closed kiln head and kiln tail, the height of the kiln head is higher than that of the kiln tail, the angle between the center line of the kiln body and the horizontal plane is 5-30°, and the rotating speed of the rotating cylinder is 0-10 r / min.

[0019] Further, the temperature of the saturated steam is 150-200℃, and the pressure is 1.0-2.0 MPa. The saturated steam is generated from high-temperature flue gas of a smelting furnace through a waste heat boiler, further optimizing the utilization of heat energy of a large-scale lead storage battery recycling device. Using saturated steam to heat air avoids the situation that the air temperature is too high and the plate material is partially melted to block the discharge.

[0020] Further, the hot air heated by the saturated steam and the plate material flow in the same direction. The flow direction of the material in the drying kiln is the same as that of the hot air, so that the exhaust gas can be discharged without the help of an induced draft fan, saving electric energy.

[0021] Further, the drying time of the plate material is 10-60 s. The fast drying process reduces the oxidation amount of metallic lead in the wet plate and improves the direct recovery rate of metallic lead.

[0022] The plate material with temperature after drying is uniformly added into the low-temperature melting pot through a belt conveyor, so that the situation that the liquid metal in the pot splashes when meeting water and black smoke occurs on site is avoided, the working site environment is obviously improved, and the safety hidden danger is eliminated. The plate material with residual heat can accelerate the melting after entering the melting pot, which can reduce the consumption of natural gas and shorten the operation cycle. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below.

[0024] Figure 1 Diagram of a belt.

[0025] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of lead mud cleaning unit and vibration dewatering unit.

[0026] Figure 3 Drying kiln assembly diagram (A) front view; (B) top view. Detailed Implementation

[0027] the term

[0028] In this invention, the following terms have the meanings defined below.

[0029] Lead clay:

[0030] When a lead-acid battery is broken, the mixture of lead sulfate and lead oxide in the electrolyte is collectively called lead paste or lead sludge.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] After the waste lead-acid batteries are crushed, a wet material receiving belt (1) is installed below the crushed electrode plate discharge port. The belt transports the water-containing damp electrode plates through the feed port (5) and the conveyor belt (6) to the lead mud cleaning unit. The cleaning unit is equipped with three ultrasonic transducers (7, 8, 9) and water inlet A (10), see Figure 2 The ultrasonic transducer has a frequency of 16kHz, and the conveyor belt runs at a speed of 30m / min. Under the combined action of water and ultrasound, the lead mud adhering to the surface of the electrode plate separates from the electrode plate. The separated lead mud and rinsing water settle into the bottom of the device through a stainless steel screen (12), which has a mesh size of 10 mesh. Under the rinsing action of water at inlet B (13), the lead mud enters the lead mud collection tank through the outlet (14), and is sent to the smelting furnace feeding system after pressure filtration. The cleaned broken electrode plate material enters the vibrating screen (15) through the conveyor device (11) to remove most of the water. The vibrating screen is made of 304 stainless steel, with a screen surface inclination angle of 15° and a vibration frequency of 3 times / s.

[0033] A wet material conveyor belt (2) is set directly below the discharge port (16) of the vibrating screen. The electrode material with most of the water removed is transported to the feed port (17) of the drying kiln through the wet material conveyor belt (2), as shown in Figure 3. The kiln head of the drying kiln is higher than the kiln tail, the kiln center line is at an angle of 5° to the horizontal plane, and the rotation speed of the rotating drum is 2 revolutions / min. The 1.6MPa, 194℃ saturated steam generated by the waste heat boiler enters the steam heating coil (22) through the steam inlet (43) to heat the air sent in by the blower (23). The saturated steam consumption is 0.5t / h. The hot air enters the drying kiln through the air inlet (21). The material and the hot air flow in the same direction. The drying time is 35s. The dried electrode material is fed into the dry material conveyor belt (3) through the discharge port (30) of the kiln tail, and then transferred into the low temperature melting pot for melting and recycling through the dry material feeding belt (4). The dry material temperature of the electrode plate is 82℃, the dry material quantity is 8.5t / h, and the moisture content of the electrode plate is less than 1%.

[0034] Example 2

[0035] After the waste lead-acid batteries are crushed, a wet material receiving belt (1) is installed below the crushed electrode plate discharge port. The belt transports the water-containing damp electrode plates through the feed port (5) and the conveyor belt (6) to the lead mud cleaning unit. The cleaning unit is equipped with three ultrasonic transducers (7, 8, 9) and water inlet A (10), see Figure 2 The ultrasonic transducer has a frequency of 23kHz, and the conveyor belt runs at a speed of 22m / min. Under the combined action of water and ultrasound, the lead mud adhering to the surface of the electrode plate separates from the electrode plate. The separated lead mud and rinsing water settle into the bottom of the device through a stainless steel screen (12), which has a mesh size of 20 mesh. Under the rinsing action of water at inlet B (13), the lead mud enters the lead mud collection tank through the outlet (14), and is sent to the smelting furnace feeding system after pressure filtration. The cleaned broken electrode plate material enters the vibrating screen (15) through the conveyor device (11) to remove most of the water. The vibrating screen is made of 304 stainless steel, with a screen surface inclination angle of 25° and a vibration frequency of 8 times / s.

[0036] A wet material conveyor belt (2) is set directly below the discharge port (16) of the vibrating screen. The electrode material with most of the water removed is transported to the feed port (17) of the drying kiln through the wet material conveyor belt (2), as shown in Figure 3. The kiln head of the drying kiln is higher than the kiln tail, the kiln center line is 10° with the horizontal plane, and the rotation speed of the rotating drum is 5 revolutions / min. The 2.0MPa, 154℃ saturated steam generated by the waste heat boiler enters the steam heating coil (22) through the steam inlet (43) to heat the air sent in by the blower (23). The saturated steam consumption is 0.4t / h. The hot air enters the drying kiln through the air inlet (21). The material and the hot air flow in the same direction. The drying time is 55s. The dried electrode material is fed into the dry material conveyor belt (3) through the discharge port (30) of the kiln tail, and then transferred into the low temperature melting pot for melting and recycling through the dry material feeding belt (4). The dry material temperature of the electrode plate is 84℃, the dry material quantity is 8.8t / h, and the moisture content of the electrode plate is less than 1%.

[0037] Example 3

[0038] After the waste lead-acid batteries are crushed, a wet material receiving belt (1) is installed below the crushed electrode plate discharge port. The belt transports the water-containing damp electrode plates through the feed port (5) and the conveyor belt (6) to the lead mud cleaning unit. The cleaning unit is equipped with three ultrasonic transducers (7, 8, 9) and water inlet A (10), see Figure 2 The ultrasonic transducer has a frequency of 21 kHz, and the conveyor belt runs at a speed of 37 m / min. Under the combined action of water and ultrasound, the lead mud adhering to the surface of the electrode plate separates from the electrode plate. The separated lead mud and rinsing water settle into the bottom of the device through a stainless steel screen (12), which has a mesh size of 15 mesh. Under the rinsing action of water at inlet B (13), the lead mud enters the lead mud collection tank through the outlet (14), and is sent to the smelting furnace feeding system after pressure filtration. The cleaned broken electrode plate material enters the vibrating screen (15) through the conveyor device (11) to remove most of the water. The vibrating screen is made of 304 stainless steel, with a screen surface inclination angle of 25° and a vibration frequency of 5 times / s.

[0039] A wet material conveyor belt (2) is set directly below the discharge port (16) of the vibrating screen. The electrode material with most of the water removed is transported to the feed port (17) of the drying kiln through the wet material conveyor belt (2), as shown in Figure 3. The kiln head of the drying kiln is higher than the kiln tail, the kiln center line is 15° with the horizontal plane, and the rotation speed of the rotating drum is 8 revolutions / min. The 1.2MPa, 190℃ saturated steam generated by the waste heat boiler enters the steam heating coil (22) through the steam inlet (43) to heat the air sent in by the blower (23). The saturated steam consumption is 0.5t / h. The hot air enters the drying kiln through the air inlet (21). The material and the hot air flow in the same direction. The drying time is 40s. The dried electrode material is fed into the dry material conveyor belt (3) through the discharge port (30) of the kiln tail, and then transferred into the low temperature melting pot for melting and recycling through the dry material feeding belt (4). The dry material temperature of the electrode plate is 80℃, the dry material quantity is 8.5t / h, and the moisture content of the electrode plate is less than 1%.

[0040] Example 4

[0041] After the waste lead-acid batteries are crushed, a wet material receiving belt (1) is installed below the crushed electrode plate discharge port. The belt transports the water-containing damp electrode plates through the feed port (5) and the conveyor belt (6) to the lead mud cleaning unit. The cleaning unit is equipped with three ultrasonic transducers (7, 8, 9) and water inlet A (10), see Figure 2 The ultrasonic transducer has a frequency of 20kHz, and the conveyor belt runs at a speed of 30m / min. Under the combined action of water and ultrasound, the lead mud adhering to the surface of the electrode plate separates from the electrode plate. The separated lead mud and rinsing water settle into the bottom of the device through a stainless steel screen (12), which has a mesh size of 10 mesh. Under the rinsing action of water at inlet B (13), the lead mud enters the lead mud collection tank through outlet (14), and is sent to the smelting furnace feeding system after pressure filtration. The cleaned broken electrode plate material enters the vibrating screen (15) through the conveyor device (11) to remove most of the water. The vibrating screen is made of 304 stainless steel, with a screen surface inclination angle of 25° and a vibration frequency of 6 times / s.

[0042] A wet material conveyor belt (2) is set directly below the discharge port (16) of the vibrating screen. The electrode material with most of the water removed is transported to the feed port (17) of the drying kiln through the wet material conveyor belt (2), as shown in Figure 3. The kiln head of the drying kiln is higher than the kiln tail, the kiln center line is at an angle of 25° to the horizontal plane, and the rotation speed of the rotating drum is 0. The 1.5MPa, 177℃ saturated steam generated by the waste heat boiler enters the steam heating coil (22) through the steam inlet (43) to heat the air sent in by the blower (23). The saturated steam consumption is 0.5t / h. The hot air enters the drying kiln through the air inlet (21). The material and the hot air flow in the same direction. The drying time is 45s. The dried electrode material is fed into the dry material conveyor belt (3) through the discharge port (30) of the kiln tail, and then transferred into the low temperature melting pot for melting and recycling through the dry material feeding belt (4). The dry material temperature of the electrode plate is 82℃, the dry material quantity is 8.6t / h, and the moisture content of the electrode plate is less than 1%.

Claims

1. A pretreatment device for recycling waste lead-acid battery plates, characterized in that, It includes the following components: Lead mud cleaning unit: Ultrasonic transducers are set on both sides of the water tank, and water inlet A (10) is set above one side of the water tank. The conveying device (11) loads the waste electrode material through the ultrasonic water tank. A screen (12) is set below the water tank. A water inlet B (13) is set on one side of the tank body below the screen. A lead mud discharge port (14) is set on the opposite side of the water inlet B (13). Dewatering unit: The electrode material after lead mud washing enters the vibrating screen (15) to remove most of the water; Drying unit: The electrode material with most of the moisture removed is transported to the drying kiln. The kiln head is equipped with an air inlet (21), a steam heating coil (22) and a blower (23). Saturated steam is used to heat the air and the hot air is sent into the drying kiln to dry the electrode material. The hot air and the electrode material flow in the same direction. After the electrode material is dried, it is transferred into a low-temperature melting pot to melt and recover lead. The temperature of the electrode material is still above 80°C and the moisture content is less than 1% before entering the low-temperature melting pot.

2. The pretreatment device for recycling waste lead-acid battery plates according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic transducer is 15–25 kHz.

3. The pretreatment device for recycling waste lead-acid battery plates according to claim 1, characterized in that, The speed of the conveying device is 20-40 m / min.

4. The pretreatment device for recycling waste lead-acid battery plates according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sieve opening is 10-20 mesh.

5. The pretreatment device for recycling waste lead-acid battery plates according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vibration frequency of the vibrating screen is 1 to 10 times / s, and the screen surface inclination angle is 10 to 30°.

6. The pretreatment device for recycling waste lead-acid battery plates according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drying kiln includes a rotating cylinder and a closed kiln head and kiln tail. The height of the kiln head is higher than that of the kiln tail. The angle between the center line of the kiln body and the horizontal plane is 5 to 30°. The rotation speed of the rotating cylinder is 0 to 10 revolutions per minute.

7. The pretreatment device for recycling waste lead-acid battery plates according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature of the saturated steam is 150–200°C, and the pressure is 1.0–2.0 MPa.

8. The pretreatment device for recycling waste lead-acid battery plates according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drying time for the electrode material is 10–60 seconds.

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