A method for constructing a gentle slope farmland shallow ditch wide ridge

Abstract

The application provides a gentle slope farmland shallow ditch wide ridge construction method, and belongs to the technical field of farmland water and soil conservation. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining the topographic features of the gentle slope farmland; determining the shallow ditch wide ridge baseline of the gentle slope farmland; determining the shallow ditch wide ridge spacing, ridge direction slope, length and cross section parameters of the gentle slope farmland; cutting the topsoil on the upper side of the baseline, and filling all to the lower side of the baseline to form a ditch-ridge structure. The application reduces water flow erosion by constructing a shallow ditch wide ridge on the gentle slope farmland. The width of the three slope surfaces formed by the shallow ditch wide ridge is equal to the agricultural machine operation width, which is convenient for agricultural machine operation and normal crop planting, does not occupy farmland, and forms a shallow ditch wide ridge with a certain slope in the ridge direction, which is convenient for draining the accumulated water in the shallow ditch and does not cause the runoff to break the ridge. The application can accurately control the ridge direction and the gradient slope by means of unmanned aerial vehicle collection of topographic data and RTK equipment marking of the baseline, which is beneficial to water storage and drainage.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of soil and water conservation technology for cultivated land, specifically relating to a method for constructing shallow ditches and wide embankments on gently sloping cultivated land. Background Technology

[0002] In the Northeast Black Soil Region, due to indiscriminate logging and prioritizing land use over soil maintenance during the initial reclamation phase, soil erosion on sloping farmland has progressed from splash erosion to surface erosion, gully erosion, and even gully erosion. This has resulted in the stripping of topsoil, thinning of the black soil layer, decreased fertility, the formation of numerous gullies, a reduction in arable land area, fragmentation of land plots, and obstruction of agricultural operations. Soil erosion in the Northeast Black Soil Region has become a major threat to food security in the region.

[0003] As of 2021, soil erosion covered 19.69% of the total land area in the Northeast Black Soil Region, with water erosion accounting for 12.54%, of which 21.13% experienced moderate to severe erosion. 60% of the land in the Northeast Black Soil Region is sloping farmland. Summer rainfall in the Northeast Black Soil Region is concentrated and intense, forming runoff on the surface and causing precipitation erosion. Furthermore, snowmelt erosion in early spring is also severe because the soil is still frozen and cannot infiltrate. The slopes in the Northeast Black Soil Region are undulating and continuous, with slopes mostly not exceeding 5° and slope lengths generally ranging from... At altitudes of 500m to 1000m, the terrain is gently sloping and has a large runoff surface. When encountering high-intensity or prolonged rainfall, it easily forms large amounts of surface runoff, severely eroding the topsoil and often creating gullies at the confluence points. The black soil layer of typical black soil and chernozem is less than 40cm thick, and in more than half of the chernozem, the black soil layer is less than 20cm. In some areas, the black soil layer has disappeared, leaving a patchy yellow soil. As of 2016, the Northeast Black Soil Region had 291,700 gullies with a total length of 217,400km, resulting in a gully density of 0.20km / km². 2 Of the 291,700 erosion gullies, 58.06% are located on cultivated land, and 89.98% of the erosion gullies are developing erosion gullies. The cost of treating small erosion gullies is usually 400,000 yuan per kilometer, and the cost of treating all of them would be an astronomical figure.

[0004] The treatment of erosion gullies is costly. To completely solve the problem of soil erosion, we must start from the source. In addition to ecological restoration measures such as closing mountains for afforestation and returning farmland to forests and grasslands in the upper reaches of the watershed, an important point is to minimize water erosion on the slopes caused by runoff.

[0005] In the black soil region of Northeast China, over the past two decades, various slope soil and water conservation measures have been recommended for use by the Songliao River Basin Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources, including horizontal terraces, ridge vegetation zones, cross-slope ridge conversion, ridge-to-ridge fields, deep tillage, reduced tillage, and no-tillage, etc. However, they have generally failed to be widely promoted due to poor soil and water conservation effects, high costs, or land occupation. Simply converting ridges and contour planting cannot effectively divert runoff. On the contrary, during concentrated summer rainfall, runoff collected in the furrows breaks through the ridges and forms erosion gullies, resulting in unsatisfactory soil and water conservation effects at the field and regional scales.

[0006] Therefore, there is a need to provide an improved technical solution that addresses the shortcomings of the existing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for constructing shallow ditches and wide embankments on gently sloping farmland, which can effectively intercept and divert runoff, has a high land utilization rate, does not lead to a reduction in farmland area, and is suitable for large-scale promotion, so as to solve the problems of poor effectiveness or excessive land occupation of existing soil and water conservation schemes for gently sloping farmland.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0009] A method for constructing shallow ditches and wide embankments on gently sloping farmland includes the following steps:

[0010] Step 1: Obtain the topographic features of gently sloping farmland;

[0011] Step 2: Determine the baseline for shallow irrigation ditches and embankments on gently sloping farmland;

[0012] Step 3: Determine the spacing between shallow irrigation ditches and wide ridges, the ridge slope, the length, and the cross-sectional parameters for gently sloping farmland;

[0013] Step 4: Cut the topsoil on the upper side of the baseline slope and fill all the cut topsoil into the lower side of the baseline slope.

[0014] Preferably, in step one, an RTK drone is used to scan the planned area to obtain the terrain features of the gently sloping farmland.

[0015] Preferably, in step three, the spacing includes a vertical spacing VI and a horizontal spacing HI, wherein:

[0016] When the gently sloping farmland has easily eroded soil or the area has an annual rainfall of ≥1000 mm, When the gently sloping farmland has normal soil and the annual rainfall in the area is less than 1000 mm,

[0017] In the formula, S represents the slope of the gently sloping farmland, expressed as a percentage.

[0018] Preferably, the length of the shallow canal embankment is 300-1000m, and the ridge-direction slope of the shallow canal embankment is 0%-0.6%.

[0019] Preferably, the cross-sectional parameters include the slope width W. c Front slope width W f Back slope width W b Slope S of the front slope f Cutting depth C d ,in,

[0020] W c =W f =W b =W,

[0021]

[0022]

[0023]

[0024] In the formula, h is the depth of the shallow canal, h≥0.30m, W is 100%~110% of the agricultural machinery operating width, and S is the original slope of the gentle slope, in °.

[0025] Preferably, in step four, a portable RTK device is used to mark the baseline on the gently sloping farmland, shallow ditches and wide embankments are constructed using engineering machinery, and then ridge-making operations are carried out on each slope using agricultural machinery with a navigation system.

[0026] Preferably, the shallow canal embankment is divided into high section, medium-high section, medium-low section and low section along the ridge direction, and the ridge direction slope of the high section, medium-high section, medium-low section and low section is 0.1% to 0.5%.

[0027] Preferably, W represents 100% of the agricultural machinery's operating width.

[0028] Preferably, when the gently sloping farmland has normal soil and the annual rainfall in the area is less than 1000 mm, the depth of the shallow canal is h = 0.30 m;

[0029] When the gently sloping farmland has easily eroded soil or the area has an annual rainfall of ≥1000 mm, the depth of shallow irrigation canals should be [not specified]. The unit is meters (m), where p is the annual rainfall of the region, and S is the total annual rainfall. r The slope of the shallow canal and wide embankment is ridge-to-ridge.

[0030] Preferably, the shallow channel and wide embankment adopt a drainage method of single-end drainage or two-end drainage.

[0031] Beneficial effects:

[0032] (1) The method for constructing shallow ditches and wide embankments on gently sloping farmland provided by the present invention is to construct shallow ditches and wide embankments on gently sloping farmland to reduce water erosion. Crops can be planted on all three slopes of the shallow ditches and wide embankments without occupying farmland. The shallow ridges formed have a certain slope, which facilitates the drainage of water in the shallow ditches and will not cause local flooding or runoff damage to the ridges.

[0033] (2) In this invention, a portable RTK device is used to mark the baseline on the gentle slope farmland, and engineering machinery is used to build shallow ditches and wide embankments. Then, agricultural machinery with a navigation system is used to carry out ridging operations on each slope of the newly built wide embankments, which is conducive to water storage and drainage.

[0034] (3) The slope width of the slope, front slope and back slope is approximately equal to the operating width of the agricultural machinery, which facilitates operation and does not waste land area. Attached Figure Description

[0035] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. Wherein:

[0036] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a shallow channel with wide embankments provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the spacing between adjacent shallow channel embankments in this invention.

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the ridge slope for single-end drainage in the shallow channel and wide embankment of this invention.

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the ridge slope when the shallow channel with wide embankments is drained from both ends in this invention.

[0040] Figure 5 This is a contour map of a local area of ​​gently sloping farmland in Example 1.

[0041] Reference numerals: 101, first baseline; 102, second baseline; 201, grass waterway. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0044] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0045] This invention addresses the problems of ineffective or excessive land occupation in current soil and water conservation schemes for gently sloping farmland. It provides a method for constructing shallow ditches and wide embankments on gently sloping farmland. This method is applicable to soil and water conservation on gently sloping farmland with a slope of 3° to 8°. By constructing shallow ditches and wide embankments on gently sloping farmland for water retention and diversion, it can reduce water erosion on the gently sloping farmland. Furthermore, crops can be planted on all three slopes of the shallow ditches and wide embankments without occupying farmland. Compared with existing soil and water conservation schemes, this method has lower engineering costs and significantly improves land utilization.

[0046] Specifically, the above-mentioned method for constructing shallow ditches and wide embankments on gently sloping farmland includes the following steps:

[0047] Step 1: Obtain the topographic features of gently sloping farmland;

[0048] Step 2: Determine the baseline for shallow irrigation ditches and embankments on gently sloping farmland;

[0049] Step 3: Determine the spacing between shallow irrigation ditches and wide ridges, the ridge slope, the length, and the cross-sectional parameters for gently sloping farmland;

[0050] Step 4: Cut the topsoil on the upper side of the baseline slope and fill all the cut topsoil into the lower side of the baseline slope.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step one, an RTK drone is used to scan the planned area to obtain the topographic features of the gently sloping farmland and obtain a high-precision topographic map.

[0052] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step two, ArcGIS software is used to draw the first baseline for construction. This baseline should meet the requirements for water conservation, intercepting rainfall and discharging excess runoff outside the wide embankment system at a non-erosive flow rate under a 10-year return period rainstorm. The baseline should ideally follow the natural terrain for large bends and straighten for small bends, with a radius of curvature of not less than 50m. When multiple shallow canal wide embankments are set parallel to the first baseline, if the radius of curvature of the contour lines is less than 50m, making it difficult for agricultural machinery to turn, a second baseline is determined, and the subsequent construction of shallow canal wide embankments is carried out according to the second baseline, and so on.

[0053] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step three, the spacing includes a vertical spacing VI and a horizontal spacing HI, such as... Figure 2 As shown, where:

[0054] When the gently sloping farmland has easily eroded soil or is located in a humid area with an annual rainfall of ≥1000 mm,

[0055] When the gently sloping farmland has normal soil and is located in an area with an annual rainfall of less than 1000 mm,

[0056] In the formula, S represents the slope of the gently sloping farmland, expressed as a percentage (%).

[0057] Table 1 below shows an example of calculating ground slope, annual precipitation, and the distance between wide embankments:

[0058] Table 1 Calculation Table of Ground Slope and Width Dike Spacing

[0059]

[0060]

[0061] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the length of the shallow channel embankment is 300-1000m (e.g., 350m, 400m, 450m, 500m, 550m, 600m, 650m, 700m, 750m, 800m, 850m, 900m, 950m, 990m), preferably 300-500m (e.g., 310m, 350m, 400m, 450m, 490m). Generally, the length of the shallow channel embankment is equal to the midpoint of the width of the gentle slope. The shallow channel embankment can also be artificially cut off as needed, so that the length of the shallow channel embankment is less than the midpoint of the width of the gentle slope. When artificial cutting is required, a grass waterway can be inserted on the dividing line. Usually, the waterline can be selected as the dividing line.

[0062] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ridge-direction slope of the shallow canal and wide embankment is 0% to 0.6% (e.g., 0.01%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.59%). The shallow canal and wide embankment have a ridge-direction slope, so they can drain water when there is heavy rainfall and are less likely to break the ridge and form erosion gullies.

[0063] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cross-sectional parameters include the slope width W. c Front slope width W f Back slope width W b Slope S of the front slope f Cutting depth C d ,like Figure 1 As shown, where,

[0064] W c =W f =W b =W,

[0065]

[0066]

[0067]

[0068] In the formula, h is the shallow canal depth, h≥0.30m, W is 100%~110% of the agricultural machinery operating width (e.g. 101%, 103%, 105%, 107%, 109%), by controlling the value of W, it is convenient for agricultural machinery to carry out the construction of shallow canals and wide embankments, and S is the original slope of the gentle slope, in °.

[0069] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step four, a portable RTK device is used to locate the baseline on the gentle slope farmland, and shallow ditches and wide embankments are built using engineering machinery such as bulldozers and excavators. Then, agricultural machinery with a navigation system is used to carry out ridging operations on each slope of the newly built wide embankments.

[0070] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the length of the shallow canal embankment is greater than 500 meters, the shallow canal embankment is divided into high section, medium-high section, medium-low section and low section along the ridge direction, and the ridge direction slope of the high section, medium-high section, medium-low section and low section is 0.1% to 0.5% (e.g. 0.11%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.49%).

[0071] Specifically, the ridge slope of the high, medium-high, medium-low, and low sections is selected based on the total length of the shallow irrigation ditches and wide embankments of the gently sloping farmland, as shown in Table 1 below:

[0072] Table 1. Relationship between the slope of shallow irrigation ditches and wide embankments and the slope length of gently sloping farmland.

[0073]

[0074] In this application, the lengths of the high section, the middle-high section, the middle-low section, and the low section are all equal, each being 1 / 4 of the total length of the shallow canal and wide embankment, but they can also be freely adjusted to other lengths.

[0075] In addition, shallow channels with wide embankments can be drained from one end depending on the terrain, such as... Figure 3 As shown, a two-end drainage method can also be used. When using two-end drainage, the highest point of the shallow channel and wide embankment is located in the middle, as shown in the example. Figure 4 As shown.

[0076] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, W represents 100% of the agricultural machinery's working width.

[0077] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shallow channel depths of the high section, the mid-high section, the mid-low section, and the low section are all taken to be the same value, as follows:

[0078] For gently sloping farmland with normal soil and an annual rainfall of <1000 mm, the shallow canal depth h = 0.30 m; for gently sloping farmland with easily eroded soil or an annual rainfall of ≥1000 mm, the shallow canal depth... The unit is meters (m), where p is the annual rainfall of the region. To simplify the calculation process, S... r Take the slope of the ridge in the high section of the shallow canal and wide embankment.

[0079] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the projected widths of the slope cutting and the back slope on the horizontal plane are equal, so that the cross-sections of the shallow channel and the wide embankment are congruent triangles, i.e., △DCG≌△ABG. At this time, the amount of earthwork generated by excavating the shallow channel is exactly the same as the amount of earthwork for piling the wide embankment, so no extra earthwork is generated, and no soil needs to be taken from elsewhere to piling the wide embankment because the excavation volume is small.

[0080] The shallow canal and wide embankment consists of three slopes (cut slope, front slope, and back slope) and a shallow canal. The width of the three slopes is designed to be 100% to 110% of the operating width of agricultural machinery. When operating on the slopes, the operating width of agricultural machinery and the width of the slopes are basically the same, which greatly facilitates construction and agricultural machinery operations in the field. It also allows all three slopes to be used for crop planting, reducing land occupation. Moreover, the area of ​​the three slopes is theoretically larger than the area of ​​the original slope. This method not only reduces land occupation but also increases the arable area of ​​gentle slopes, improving land utilization.

[0081] The construction of shallow canals with wide embankments can be carried out using various engineering machinery and equipment such as bulldozers and excavators, which can be selected according to the needs. When a deeper shallow canal is required, a bulldozer can be used; when the shallow canal is relatively shallow, a large excavator can be used.

[0082] The following detailed description of a method for constructing shallow ditches and wide embankments on gently sloping farmland according to the present invention will be provided through specific embodiments.

[0083] In the following embodiment, the working width of the agricultural machinery is 3.9m.

[0084] Example 1

[0085] In the Ninth Company of the First Branch of Friendship Farm, a gently sloping farmland was selected. The area was scanned using an RTK drone. It was found that the farmland covers an area of ​​18 hectares, with a slope S of 7% (4°), a slope length of 290m, a slope width of 610m, and a slope top elevation of 176m. The soil sample analysis showed that it is a non-eroded soil.

[0086] The average slope width of this gently sloping farmland is between 500 and 800 meters. Referring to Table 1, the designed ridge-direction slopes for the low, middle-low, middle-high, and high sections of the shallow canal embankment are 0.40%, 0.30%, 0.20%, and 0.20%, respectively. Based on this, ArcGIS software was used to draw the first construction baseline 101 near an elevation of 176 meters. Figure 5As shown, during the design process, it was discovered that the radius of curvature of the 174m contour line was less than 50m in some areas. If the shallow canal and wide embankment were to continue according to the first baseline 101, it would make it difficult for agricultural machinery to turn. Therefore, a second baseline 102 was drawn between the 174m and 173m contour lines. Figure 3 As shown.

[0087] According to local hydrological data, the average annual precipitation is 508 mm, which is less than 1000 mm, and the depth h of the shallow canal is taken as 0.30 m.

[0088] The vertical spacing VI and horizontal spacing HI are calculated as follows:

[0089]

[0090] W is taken as 100% of the agricultural machinery's operating width, i.e., W c =W f =W b =W=3.9m.

[0091] Front slope gradient S f Cutting depth C d The cutting width L is calculated as follows:

[0092]

[0093]

[0094]

[0095]

[0096] The construction process for shallow canals and wide embankments is as follows:

[0097] The baseline is located using a portable RTK device and marked with marker stakes or flags. Then, a bulldozer is used to construct a shallow channel and a wide embankment along the baseline. Soil is cut to a depth of 0.29m on the upper side of the baseline slope and moved to the lower side of the baseline slope. The lower side is raised by 0.29m to form a shallow channel and a wide embankment. Specifically, a shallow channel is cut at point D on the upper slope and only the cut soil is used to fill and form a wide embankment. The bottom of the shallow channel is the channel bottom, i.e., point C, and the highest point of the wide embankment is the ridge, i.e., point B. The slope formed by the cutting is called the cut slope (DC), and the slopes formed by the filling are the front slope (BC) and the back slope (AB), respectively.

[0098] After the overall construction is completed, deep loosening should be carried out within the area of ​​the wide embankment operation, especially in the bottom part of the canal. Some of the black soil layer will be removed, and the subsoil will be exposed in some sections. Deep loosening is particularly important. After deep loosening, organic fertilizer should be added as a key supplement. Depending on the soil properties and soil moisture, deep loosening can be carried out 1-2 times. Deep loosening can be combined with topdressing of organic fertilizer. After fertilization, rotary tillage and ridging should be carried out.

[0099] During rainfall, rainwater flows along the gentle slope and is blocked by the wide ridges, thus flowing into the shallow canal. Because the shallow canal has a ridge-to-ridge slope, it will accelerate the drainage of rainwater in the shallow canal, thereby preventing the water level in the shallow canal from becoming too high and breaking the ridge.

[0100] In this embodiment, by using a smaller ridge slope in the high and middle-high sections of the shallow canal embankment, and a larger ridge slope in the middle and low sections of the shallow canal embankment, compared to using a larger ridge slope throughout the entire shallow canal embankment, the infiltration rate of rainwater in the high and middle-high sections can be increased, while the runoff in the middle and low sections where runoff collects can be discharged more quickly.

[0101] Example 2

[0102] A gently sloping farmland was selected at Shuguang Farm. The area was scanned using an RTK drone. It was found that the farmland covers an area of ​​37 hectares, with a slope S of 3% (2.3°), a slope length of 760m, a slope width of 490m, and a slope top elevation of 142m. The soil sample analysis showed that it is a non-eroded soil.

[0103] The average slope width of this gently sloping farmland is greater than 300m but less than 500m, meaning the length of the shallow canal embankment is also less than 500m. According to Table 1, the ridge-direction slope design for the low, middle-low, middle-high, and high sections of the shallow canal embankment on this plot is 0.30%, 0.30%, 0.20%, and 0.20%, respectively. Based on this, the first baseline for construction was drawn using ArcGIS software.

[0104] According to local hydrological data, the average annual precipitation is 539 mm, which is less than 1000 mm, and the depth h of the shallow canal is taken as 0.30 m.

[0105] The vertical spacing VI and horizontal spacing HI are calculated as follows:

[0106]

[0107] W is taken as 100% of the agricultural machinery's operating width, i.e., W c =W f =W b =W=3.9m.

[0108] Front slope gradient S f Cutting depth C d The cutting width L is calculated as follows:

[0109]

[0110]

[0111]

[0112]

[0113] The construction process for shallow canals and wide embankments is described in Example 1 and will not be repeated here.

[0114] Example 3

[0115] The average annual precipitation in Northeast China is relatively low, generally not exceeding 800 mm. However, the solution of this invention is not only applicable to Northeast China, but can also be promoted on gentle slope farmland in other regions, especially in the southern regions with higher precipitation, where the average annual precipitation in some areas can reach more than 1600 mm. The potential economic benefits of promoting and applying it in these regions are even greater.

[0116] In the southwest region, a gently sloping farmland was selected and the area was scanned using an RTK drone. It was found that the farmland covers an area of ​​15 hectares, with a slope S of 6% (4.6°) and a slope width of 880m. The soil sample analysis showed that it is a non-eroded soil.

[0117] The average slope width of the gently sloping farmland is greater than 800m. According to Table 1, the ridge-direction slope design of the low, middle-low, middle-high, and high sections of the shallow canal and wide embankment of this plot is 0.50%, 0.40%, 0.30%, and 0.20%, respectively. Based on this, the first baseline for construction was drawn using ArcGIS software.

[0118] According to local hydrological data, the average annual rainfall is 1535 mm, which is greater than 1000 mm. The depth of the shallow canal in the higher sections...

[0119] The vertical spacing VI and horizontal spacing HI are calculated as follows:

[0120]

[0121] W is taken as 100% of the agricultural machinery's operating width, i.e., W c =W f =W b =W=3.9m,

[0122] Front slope gradient S f Cutting depth C d The cutting width L is calculated as follows:

[0123]

[0124]

[0125]

[0126]

[0127] The construction process for shallow canals and wide embankments is described in Example 1 and will not be repeated here.

[0128] In summary, this invention provides a method for constructing shallow ditches and wide embankments on gently sloping farmland. By constructing shallow ditches and wide embankments on gently sloping farmland, water erosion is reduced. Crops can be planted on all three slopes of the shallow ditches and wide embankments without occupying farmland. Furthermore, the shallow ridges formed have a certain upward slope, which facilitates the drainage of water accumulated in the shallow ditches and prevents runoff from breaking the ridges. Promoting this method in gently sloping farmland areas can effectively prevent surface erosion and the formation and further development of gullies, conserve water and soil, reduce sediment transport, and protect the ecological environment.

[0129] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing shallow ditches and wide embankments on gently sloping farmland, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Obtain the topographic features of gently sloping farmland; Step 2: Determine the baseline for shallow irrigation ditches and embankments on gently sloping farmland; Step 3: Determine the spacing between shallow irrigation ditches and ridges, the slope of the ridges, the length, and the cross-sectional parameters for gently sloping farmland; the cross-sectional parameters include the slope cutting width W. c Front slope width W f Back slope width W b Cutting depth C d Slope S of the front slope f Slope gradient S c Back slope S b ,in, IN c =In f =In b =W, ， ， ， In the formula, h is the depth of the shallow canal, h≥0.30m, W is 100%~110% of the operating width of agricultural machinery, and S is the slope of the gently sloping farmland, in °; Step 4: Cut the topsoil on the upper side of the baseline slope and fill all the cut topsoil into the lower side of the baseline slope to form a shallow channel and a wide embankment. The slope formed by cutting is called a sloping slope, and the slopes formed by filling are the front slope and the back slope, respectively. The projection width of the sloping slope and the back slope in the horizontal plane is equal, so that the cross-section of the shallow channel and the wide embankment is a congruent triangle.

2. The method for constructing shallow ditches and wide embankments on gently sloping farmland as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step one, an RTK drone is used to scan the planned area to obtain the terrain features of the gently sloping farmland.

3. The method for constructing shallow ditches and wide embankments on gently sloping farmland as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step three, the spacing includes a vertical spacing VI and a horizontal spacing HI, wherein: When the gently sloping farmland has easily eroded soil or the area has an annual rainfall of ≥1000 mm, ; When the gently sloping farmland has normal soil and the annual rainfall in the area is less than 1000 mm, ; ; In the formula, S represents the slope of the gently sloping farmland, expressed as a percentage.

4. The method for constructing shallow ditches and wide embankments on gently sloping farmland as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The shallow canal embankment is 300-1000m long and has a ridge-side slope of 0%-0.6%.

5. The method for constructing shallow ditches and wide embankments on gently sloping farmland as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step four, a portable RTK device is used to mark the baseline on the gentle slope farmland, shallow ditches and wide embankments are built with engineering machinery, and then ridge-making operations are carried out on each slope using agricultural machinery with a navigation system.

6. The method for constructing shallow ditches and wide embankments on gently sloping farmland as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The shallow canal embankment is divided into high section, medium-high section, medium-low section and low section along the ridge direction, and the ridge direction slope of the high section, medium-high section, medium-low section and low section is 0.1% to 0.5%.

7. The method for constructing shallow ditches and wide embankments on gently sloping farmland as described in claim 1, characterized in that, W represents 100% of the agricultural machinery's operating radius.

8. The method for constructing shallow ditches and wide embankments on gently sloping farmland as described in claim 6, characterized in that, When the gently sloping farmland has normal soil and the annual rainfall in the area is <1000 mm, the shallow canal depth h = 0.30 m; when the gently sloping farmland has easily eroded soil or the annual rainfall in the area is ≥1000 mm, the shallow canal depth h = 0.30 m. The unit is m, where p is the annual rainfall in the area and Sr is the ridge-side slope of the wide embankment of the shallow canal.

9. A method for constructing shallow ditches and wide embankments on gently sloping farmland as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The shallow channel and wide embankment adopt a drainage method of single-end drainage or two-end drainage.

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