A hydrogenation reactor for waste mineral oil refining

Abstract

A hydrogenation reactor for waste mineral oil refining, which relates to the field of waste mineral oil refining reaction equipment. The waste mineral oil pipeline is connected to a mixer with a hydrogen pipeline. The mixed material pipeline at the back end of the mixer is connected to the head at the bottom of the reactor. Inside the reactor, there are upper, middle and lower three-layer grid trays, and highly active catalysts and low-active catalysts are respectively filled in the grid trays. The top of the upper head of the reactor is connected to an exhaust pipeline, and the reactor is connected to a discharge pipeline above the uppermost grid tray. The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Through the special hydrogenation reactor structure and hydrogenation reaction method of the present invention, the contact between waste mineral oil and different active catalysts in different reaction zones during the hydrogenation reaction is realized, so as to achieve the purpose of rapid reaction in the low-temperature section and suppressing side reactions in the high-temperature section, improve the hydrogenation reaction rate and reaction depth, maintain a relatively high reaction, and slow down or control coking on the catalyst surface at the same time.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of waste mineral oil refining reaction equipment, and particularly to a hydrogenation reactor for waste mineral oil refining. Background Art

[0002] In the reactor for waste mineral oil hydrogenation refining, the up-flow fixed-bed reactor shows unique advantages in the process of waste mineral oil hydrogenation. However, for the hydrogenation reaction process of the up-flow fixed-bed reactor, most of them are exothermic reactions, that is, as the reaction proceeds, the temperature gradually increases. Although the higher the temperature, the faster the reaction rate, but when the temperature is higher, the waste mineral oil is more likely to coke on the catalyst surface, and cracking reactions occur or the catalyst activity decreases. Therefore, as the hydrogenation reaction temperature increases, the contact time between the raw material and the high-efficiency catalyst should be gradually shortened to slow down or control the coking on the catalyst surface while maintaining a high reaction rate; on the other hand, in the later stage of the hydrogenation reaction, the reaction temperature is already relatively high, and the highly active catalyst is more likely to coke under higher temperature conditions, and the cracking reaction is more serious. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the problem that the waste mineral oil is more likely to coke on the catalyst surface during the hydrogenation reaction of the up-flow fixed-bed for waste mineral oil, resulting in cracking reactions or reducing the catalyst activity, the present invention provides a hydrogenation reactor for waste mineral oil refining.

[0004] The technical solution provided by the present invention is: a hydrogenation reactor for waste mineral oil refining and a waste mineral oil pipeline, including a reactor. The reactor is a cylindrical pressure vessel with heads at both the upper and lower ends. The waste mineral oil pipeline is connected to a mixer through a hydrogen pipeline. The mixed material pipeline at the back end of the mixer is connected to the head at the bottom of the reactor. There are upper, middle, and lower three-layer grid trays inside the reactor, and high-activity catalysts are filled in the lower layer and low-activity catalysts are filled in the upper layer of the grid trays respectively. The top of the upper head of the reactor is connected to an exhaust pipeline. An overflow chamber is provided above the uppermost grid tray of the reactor, and the outside of the overflow chamber is connected to a discharge pipeline;

[0005] A temperature balancer is installed in the space of the high-activity catalyst and the low-activity catalyst. The temperature balancer is composed of two closed upper and lower spiral coiled pipes, a cold pipe, and a heat pipe. The upper and lower spiral coiled pipes, the cold pipe, and the heat pipe are filled with heat-conducting oil. The cold pipe is connected to the closest position between the two spiral coiled pipes, and the heat pipe is connected to the uppermost and lowermost sides of the two spiral coiled pipes. The upper spiral coiled pipe is located in the low-activity catalyst layer, and the lower spiral coiled pipe is located in the high-activity catalyst layer.

[0006] The exhaust pipeline is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen separation membrane. The hydrogen separation membrane is connected to an exhaust gas and a hydrogen return pipeline. The hydrogen pipeline is connected to a gas filling pump and then connected to the mixer, and the hydrogen return pipeline is connected to the inlet end of the gas filling pump.

[0007] A throttling mechanism is provided on the upper side of the upper grid plate. The throttling mechanism includes a fixed throttling plate and a movable throttling plate. The fixed throttling plate is fixedly connected to the grid plate. The fixed throttling plate is connected to the movable throttling plate through a bearing and a retaining ring. Both the fixed throttling plate and the movable throttling plate are provided with strip-shaped holes evenly distributed in a circumferential manner. The fixed throttling plate and the movable throttling plate are in close connection. A positioning shaft is fixedly connected to the movable throttling plate. The outer side of the reactor tank wall is fixedly connected with an oil cylinder. The plunger of the oil cylinder passes through the tank wall through a sealing ring. The end of the plunger is hingedly connected to a toggle arm, and the other end of the toggle arm is in clearance fit connection with the positioning shaft.

[0008] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Through the special structure of the hydrotreating reactor and the hydrotreating method of the present invention, the contact between waste mineral oil and different active catalysts in different reaction zones during the hydrotreating reaction realizes the purpose of rapid reaction in the low-temperature section and suppressing side reactions in the high-temperature section, improves the hydrotreating reaction rate and reaction depth, while maintaining a high reaction rate, slows down or controls coking on the catalyst surface, reduces side reactions. In addition, by setting a temperature balancer, the heat-conducting oil in the temperature balancer conducts the heat of the upper high-temperature section to the lower low-temperature section, preventing the temperature of the upper reaction zone from being too high and suppressing coking of the catalyst in the high-temperature reaction stage. The temperature balancer brings the heat to the lower reaction zone, further improving the hydrotreating reaction rate and reaction depth. The amount of hydrogen added exceeds the maximum demand for the reaction of waste mineral oil to ensure that there is sufficient hydrogen for waste mineral oil to participate in the reaction during the reaction process. While consuming a large amount of hydrogen during the reaction process, it increases the driving force of the hydrotreating reaction process, further improving the hydrotreating reaction rate at high and low temperatures, achieving deep hydrotreating reaction. At the same time, a throttling mechanism is set to adjust the residence time of hydrotreated waste mineral oil in the reactor, making the reaction rate and reaction depth of hydrotreated waste mineral oil controllable and improving the quality of waste mineral oil hydrotreating reaction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] Appendix Figure 1 is a process schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0010] Appendix Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the temperature balancer in the present invention;

[0011] Appendix Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the grid plate and the throttling mechanism in the present invention;

[0012] Appendix Figure 4 is Appendix Figure 3 A-A sectional view of.

[0013] In the figure: 1 - reactor, 2 - waste mineral oil pipeline, 3 - hydrogen pipeline, 4 - gas adding pump,

[0014] 5 - Mixer, 6 - Mixing material pipeline, 7 - Exhaust pipeline, 8 - Discharge pipeline, 9 - Grille plate, 10 - High - activity catalyst, 11 - Low - activity catalyst, 12 - Temperature balancer, 13 - Cold pipe, 14 - Spiral coil pipe, 15 - Heat pipe, 16 - Hydrogen separation membrane, 17 - Exhaust gas, 18 - Hydrogen reflux pipeline, 19 - Throttling mechanism, 20 - Overflow ring cavity, 21 - Tank wall, 22 - Strip - shaped hole, 23 - Fixed throttling disk, 24 - Movable throttling disk, 25 - Positioning shaft, 26 - Toggle arm, 27 - Oil cylinder, 28 - Plunger. Detailed implementation mode

[0015] As Figures 1 to 4 shown, a hydrogenation reactor for waste mineral oil refining includes a reactor 1 and a waste mineral oil pipeline 2. The reactor 1 is a cylindrical pressure vessel with heads at both the upper and lower ends. The waste mineral oil pipeline 2 is connected to a mixer 5 through a hydrogen pipeline 3. The mixing material pipeline 6 at the rear end of the mixer 5 is connected to the head at the bottom of the reactor 1. Inside the reactor 1, upper, middle, and lower three - layer grille plates 9 are arranged, and the grille plates 9 are respectively filled with a high - activity catalyst 10 in the lower layer and a low - activity catalyst 11 in the upper layer, so that two reaction zones are formed in the reactor 1. The top of the upper - side head of the reactor 1 is connected to an exhaust pipeline 7. The reactor 1 is provided with an overflow cavity 20 above the uppermost grille plate 9, and the outside of the overflow cavity 20 is connected to a discharge pipeline 8;

[0016] A temperature balancer 12 is installed in the space of the high - activity catalyst 10 and the low - activity catalyst 11. The temperature balancer 12 is composed of two closed upper and lower spiral coil pipes 14, a cold pipe 13, and a heat pipe 15. The upper and lower spiral coil pipes 14, the cold pipe 13, and the heat pipe 15 are filled with heat - conducting oil. The cold pipe 13 is connected to the closest position of the two spiral coil pipes 14, and the heat pipe 15 is connected to the uppermost and lowermost positions of the two spiral coil pipes 14. The upper - side spiral coil pipe 14 is located in the low - activity catalyst 11 layer, and the lower - side spiral coil pipe 14 is located in the high - activity catalyst 10 layer.

[0017] The exhaust pipeline 7 is connected to the inlet of a hydrogen separation membrane 16. The hydrogen separation membrane 16 is connected to an exhaust gas 17 and a hydrogen reflux pipeline 18. The hydrogen pipeline 3 is connected to a gas - adding pump 4 and then to the mixer 5. The hydrogen reflux pipeline 18 is connected to the inlet end of the gas - adding pump 4.

[0018] The amount of hydrogen added is more than the maximum demand for the reaction of waste mineral oil to ensure that there is enough hydrogen for the waste mineral oil to participate in the reaction during the reaction process. Since hydrogen is the lightest gas, a cyclone separator 16 is used to separate hydrogen from the exhaust gas 17. The separated hydrogen flows back to the front end of the gas - adding pump 4 to continue participating in the reaction, avoiding waste of hydrogen and environmental pollution.

[0019] There is a throttling mechanism 19 provided on the upper side of the upper grid plate 9. The throttling mechanism 19 includes a fixed throttling plate 13 and a movable throttling plate 24. The fixed throttling plate 23 is fixedly connected to the grid plate 9. The fixed throttling plate 23 is connected to the movable throttling plate 24 through a bearing and a retaining ring. Strip-shaped holes 22 evenly distributed in a circumferential manner are opened on both the fixed throttling plate 23 and the movable throttling plate 24. The fixed throttling plate 23 and the movable throttling plate 24 are connected in a fitting manner. A positioning shaft 25 is fixedly connected to the movable throttling plate 24. The outer side of the tank wall 21 of the reactor 1 is fixedly connected to an oil cylinder 27. The plunger 28 of the oil cylinder 27 passes through the tank wall 21 in a sealed manner through a sealing ring. The end of the plunger 28 is hingedly connected to a toggle arm 26. The other end of the toggle arm 26 is connected to the positioning shaft 25 with a clearance fit. When the oil cylinder 27 acts to push the plunger 28 to move, the movable throttling plate 24 rotates, so as to change the overlapping area of the strip-shaped holes 22 of the movable throttling plate 24 and the fixed throttling plate 23, thereby adjusting the velocity of the flowing-through liquid, the residence time of the hydrogenated waste mineral oil in the reactor 1, and making the reaction rate and reaction depth of the hydrogenated waste mineral oil controllable.

[0020] Through a special hydrogenation reactor structure and a hydrogenation reaction method, the present invention enables the contact between the waste mineral oil and different active catalysts in different reaction zones during the hydrogenation reaction, achieving the purpose of rapid reaction in the low-temperature section and suppressing side reactions in the high-temperature section, improving the hydrogenation reaction rate and reaction depth, while maintaining a relatively high reaction rate, slowing down or controlling coking on the catalyst surface, and reducing side reactions. In addition, by providing a temperature balancer 12, the heat-conducting oil in the temperature balancer 12 conducts the heat from the upper high-temperature section to the lower low-temperature section, preventing the temperature of the reaction zone in the upper layer from being too high and inhibiting coking of the catalyst in the high-temperature reaction stage. The temperature balancer 12 brings the heat to the lower reaction zone, further improving the hydrogenation reaction rate and reaction depth. The amount of hydrogen added is more than the maximum demand for the reaction of the waste mineral oil to ensure that there is sufficient hydrogen for the waste mineral oil to participate in the reaction during the reaction process, increasing the driving force of the hydrogenation reaction process while consuming a large amount of hydrogen during the reaction process, further improving the hydrogenation reaction rate at low and high temperatures, achieving deep hydrogenation reaction. At the same time, a throttling mechanism 19 is provided to adjust the residence time of the hydrogenated waste mineral oil in the reactor 1, making the reaction rate and reaction depth of the hydrogenated waste mineral oil controllable and improving the quality of the hydrogenation reaction of the waste mineral oil.

Claims

1. A hydrogenation reactor for waste mineral oil refining, comprising a reactor (1) and a waste mineral oil pipeline (2), characterized in that: The reactor (1) is a cylindrical pressure vessel with heads at both the upper and lower ends. The waste mineral oil pipeline (2) is connected to the hydrogen pipeline (3) to the mixer (5). The mixed material pipeline (6) at the rear end of the mixer (5) is connected to the head at the bottom of the reactor (1). Inside the reactor (1), three layers of grid trays (9), namely the upper, middle, and lower layers, are provided. The lower highly active catalyst (10) and the upper low activity catalyst (11) are respectively filled in the grid trays (9). The top of the upper head of the reactor (1) is connected to the exhaust pipeline (7). An overflow chamber (20) is provided above the uppermost grid tray (9) of the reactor (1). The outside of the overflow chamber (20) is connected to the discharge pipeline (8). A temperature balancer (12) is installed in the space of the highly active catalyst (10) and the low activity catalyst (11). The temperature balancer (12) consists of two closed spiral coiled pipes (14) in the upper and lower layers, a cold pipe (13), and a heat pipe (15). Heat conducting oil is filled in the two spiral coiled pipes (14) in the upper and lower layers, the cold pipe (13), and the heat pipe (15). The cold pipe (13) is connected to the closest position of the two spiral coiled pipes (14), and the heat pipe (15) is connected to the uppermost and lowermost positions of the two spiral coiled pipes (14). The upper spiral coiled pipe (14) is located in the low activity catalyst (11) layer, and the lower spiral coiled pipe (14) is located in the highly active catalyst (10) layer. The exhaust pipeline (7) is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen separation membrane (16). The hydrogen separation membrane (16) is connected to the discharged gas (17) and the hydrogen reflux pipeline (18). The hydrogen pipeline (3) is connected to the gas filling pump (4) and then to the mixer (5). The hydrogen reflux pipeline (18) is connected to the inlet end of the gas filling pump (4). A throttling mechanism (19) is provided above the upper grid tray (9). The throttling mechanism (19) includes a fixed throttling disc (23) and a movable throttling disc (24). The fixed throttling disc (23) is fixedly connected to the grid tray (9). The fixed throttling disc (23) is connected to the movable throttling disc (24) through a bearing and a retaining ring. Strip-shaped holes (22) evenly distributed in a circle are opened on both the fixed throttling disc (23) and the movable throttling disc (24). The fixed throttling disc (23) and the movable throttling disc (24) are connected in a fitting manner. A positioning shaft (25) is fixedly connected to the movable throttling disc (24). An oil cylinder (27) is fixedly connected to the outside of the tank wall (21) of the reactor (1). The plunger (28) of the oil cylinder (27) passes through the tank wall (21) through a sealing ring in a sealed manner. The end of the plunger (28) is hinged to a crank arm (26), and the other end of the crank arm (26) is connected to the positioning shaft (25) with a clearance fit.

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