A bridge abutment and embankment structure reinforced with waste tire grating and its construction method

Abstract

This invention discloses a reinforced ribbed bridge abutment structure and construction method using waste tire bar, comprising waste tire bar, ribbed bridge abutment, transverse connecting beams, anchor hooks, and triangular pyramidal precast concrete blocks. Multiple ribbed bridge abutments are included, with their backs connected by multiple transverse connecting beams. Several anchor hooks are fixed to each transverse connecting beam. One end of the waste tire bar is fixed to an anchor hook, and the other end, after applying a certain tension, is fixed to the triangular pyramidal precast concrete block via a connector. The triangular pyramidal precast concrete block is fixed within the roadbed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of road engineering, specifically relating to a reinforced rib bridge abutment and embankment structure made of waste tire grating and an intelligent construction method for highway engineering. Background Technology

[0002] Approach slab settlement is a common type of highway distress, primarily caused by differential settlement due to the stiffness difference between the abutment and the embankment. Controlling the settlement of the embankment backfill is a crucial measure to prevent approach slab settlement. Reinforcing the backfill with geosynthetics is an effective solution, significantly improving its stability and integrity, and reducing uneven deformation; it has been widely adopted in engineering projects. However, it also presents significant drawbacks, such as limited applicability of fill materials, susceptibility to damage and breakage during compaction, and susceptibility to aging.

[0003] In comparison, waste tires possess characteristics such as being non-degradable, corrosion-resistant, and wear-resistant, and also exhibit high tensile, shear, and interfacial friction properties. For coarse-grained soil subgrades, processing waste tires into a grid-like structure not only generates excellent interfacial (between soil particles and tire surface, and between soil particles inside and outside the mesh) friction characteristics, but also fully utilizes the passive resistance of the coarse-grained soil to the grid's transverse ribs, thereby improving the pull-out resistance of the waste tires. However, for fine-grained soil, although the interfacial friction of waste tires is higher than that of geogrids, similarly, due to the larger mesh size of the waste tire strips, the fine-grained soil filler cannot effectively exert a passive resistance effect on the grid's transverse ribs. Therefore, for fine-grained soil subgrades, it is necessary to further take measures to improve the ultimate pull-out force of waste tire grids, thereby stabilizing the subgrade structure, reducing settlement, and promoting the resource utilization of large quantities of industrial waste.

[0004] Furthermore, based on the mechanical properties and performance advantages of waste tire materials, structural schemes using waste tires to reinforce bridge abutment and embankment structures have emerged in recent years. One scheme, presented in the paper (Waste Tire Strip Reinforced Slope Bearing Characteristics under Slope Top Load [J]. Journal of Shandong University (Engineering Science Edition), 2022, 52(03):70-79.), involves connecting waste tire strips end-to-end into long strips and burying them intermittently in the embankment fill. This structural form lacks transverse connecting strips, which, while convenient for construction, does not utilize the transverse rib reinforcement effect of the tire grid. Patent CN112942408A discloses a structure that sets transverse ribs between two long strips of waste tire strips to form a mesh structure, improving its pull-out resistance. However, due to the lack of strip tensioning equipment and the high elasticity of the waste tire strips, they are in a slightly bent state during actual application, resulting in the grid pull-out force not being fully utilized.

[0005] The above-mentioned waste tire reinforced geogrids all use a one-end anchoring method. However, waste tires have considerable elasticity, resulting in a slightly bent state when buried in the roadbed. Reinforced soil structures function by transferring the load on the soil to the reinforcing material, creating tensile stress. The relaxed tire strips in a slightly bent state cannot generate tensile stress; they often only tighten after roadbed settlement to achieve reinforcement. Therefore, tensioning the tire reinforcing strips is necessary. Patent CN218757591U discloses a tensioning structure for reinforced soil retaining walls, which allows for the tensioning of geogrids. However, the tensioning equipment must be located beyond the far end of the geogrid. While this is feasible for reinforced soil retaining walls, it lacks the construction space for tensioning the reinforced body of bridge abutment backfill, as the backfilling occurs later than the roadbed and bridge / culvert, limiting construction space. Furthermore, ribbed bridge abutments are split structures, and no method has yet been found for anchoring the geogrid between adjacent abutments. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a waste tire grid reinforcement structure for controlling differential settlement of ribbed bridge abutment embankments. To ensure the reinforcement effect of the tire grid, this structure adopts a comprehensive control method combining tire grid interface impedance enhancement technology and grid intelligent tensioning technology. It is applicable to roadbed reinforcement with fillers of different particle sizes and can simultaneously tension and anchor multiple reinforcement strips, improving construction efficiency. Furthermore, pressure sensors are used to measure and control the tension of the tires, achieving standardized and intelligent construction.

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a bridge abutment and embankment structure reinforced with waste tire grid.

[0008] Its structural form is as follows: waste tire reinforced grids are laid in layers in the embankment backfill of the bridge abutment, and both ends are fixed. It includes waste tire grids, ribbed abutments, transverse connecting beams, anchor hooks, triangular pyramidal precast concrete blocks, fillers, and bolt assemblies, thus forming the anchoring structure of the reinforced tire grids. There are multiple ribbed abutments, and the backs of multiple ribbed abutments are connected by multiple transverse connecting beams. Several anchor hooks are fixed on each of the transverse connecting beams. One end of the waste tire grid is fixed to the anchor hook, and the other end is fixed to the triangular pyramidal precast concrete block through a connector after a certain tension is applied. The triangular pyramidal precast concrete block is fixed in the roadbed.

[0009] As a further technical solution, the triangular pyramidal precast concrete block has a trapezoidal vertical cross-section. Holes are provided at both the blunt end and the pointed end of the triangular pyramidal precast concrete block. The blunt end is connected to the waste tire grid by bolts, and short steel bars can be inserted into the pointed end to play an anchoring role.

[0010] As a further technical solution, the waste tire grid has pre-drilled holes at both ends, with one end hanging on the anchor hook of each bridge abutment connecting beam and the other end connected to the triangular pyramidal precast concrete block.

[0011] As a further technical solution, the waste tire grid is formed by overlapping two longitudinal and several transverse waste tire strips.

[0012] As a further technical solution, the length of the waste tire grid is determined by the distance between the excavation construction step and the bridge abutment, and the length increases with the increase of the embankment filling height.

[0013] As a further technical solution, if fine-grained soil filler is used, a composite reinforcement method is adopted by mixing coarse-grained materials within a certain thickness range above and below the waste tire grid.

[0014] Secondly, the present invention also provides an intelligent construction method for bridge abutment embankments reinforced with waste tire grating, as follows:

[0015] Step 1. Integrate with the bridge abutment: Cast a transverse connecting beam on the back of the bridge abutment, cast anchor hooks on the transverse connecting beam, precast triangular pyramidal concrete precast blocks, and assemble the required tire grids.

[0016] Step 2. When the backfill reaches the preset height, hang one end of the mesh tire strip on the anchor hook of the transverse connecting beam of the bridge abutment;

[0017] Step 3. Secure the other end of the tire strip to the blunt end of the triangular pyramidal precast concrete block using bolts;

[0018] Step 4. Install a tensioning device on the axle of the road roller, and install a mechanical sensor on the tensioning device;

[0019] Step 5. Use the thrust of the road roller tensioning device on the triangular pyramidal concrete precast block to tension the tire strip. When the force sensor detects that the tire tension exceeds the set value, the tensioning is considered complete. Use a short steel bar to anchor through the reserved hole at the tip of the triangular pyramidal concrete precast block.

[0020] Step 6. Fill and compact the soil;

[0021] Step 7. Repeat steps 2-6 multiple times, laying the soil layer by layer until the backfill is completed.

[0022] As a further technical solution, for fine-grained soil fillers, coarse-grained fillers are laid and compacted within a certain thickness range above and below the elevation of the grid, while other locations are filled and compacted normally.

[0023] As a further technical solution, the tensioning device includes a connecting rod, with pressure sensors installed at both ends of the connecting rod. The pressure sensors detect the degree of tension of each tire strip.

[0024] As a further technical solution, the connecting rod is installed at the axle of the road roller, and the pressure sensor is arranged at the contact point between the connecting rod and the blunt end of the triangular pyramidal precast concrete block, and the connecting rod is covered with a rubber pad layer to provide a buffering effect.

[0025] The beneficial effects of this invention:

[0026] 1. In this invention, the waste tire grid is tensioned to ensure the immediate reinforcement effect of the waste tires. Simultaneously, similar to the prestressed concrete pre-tensioning method, by applying pre-tension to the waste tire strips before differential settlement of the roadbed occurs, the elastic recoil force of the tire strips can be fully utilized to offset the increased tensile deformation of the grid caused by differential settlement during operation. This improves the constraint force of the waste tire strips on the backfill deformation, enhances the overall stiffness of the roadbed, and reduces differential settlement of the roadbed.

[0027] 2. In this invention, replacing the waste tire grid with coarse-grained material within a certain thickness range above and below can fully utilize the interfacial friction, the friction characteristics of the soil inside and outside the grid, and the passive resistance of the coarse-grained soil to the grid's transverse ribs, thereby avoiding the grid from being affected by the slippage of the reinforcement-soil interface.

[0028] 3. In this invention, waste tires are abundant, widely available, and easy to source. The grid processing equipment is simple and the process is straightforward. The remaining material from the grid processing can be used to make TDA aggregates as fillers for the soil-reinforcement interface, thus realizing the resource-based and efficient utilization of such solid waste.

[0029] 4. In this invention, mechanical sensors are used to quantitatively control the tension of the tire strip, which is controllable and intelligent, and can effectively improve construction efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 Side view of the reinforced rib bridge abutment embankment structure with waste tire grid provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 Side view of the composite reinforced rib bridge abutment and embankment structure made of coarse-grained waste tire grid provided by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the bridge abutment connecting beam hook provided by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 A side view of the triangular pyramidal precast concrete block provided by the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5A top view of the triangular pyramidal precast concrete block provided by this invention;

[0035] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the connecting rod structure for a road roller provided by the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the method for smoothing tire strips provided by the present invention.

[0037] In each drawing: the spacing or dimensions between parts have been exaggerated to show the position of each part. The diagrams are for illustrative purposes only.

[0038] 1- Rib-type bridge abutment; 2- Waste tire grating; 3- Anchoring hook; 4- Triangular pyramidal precast concrete block; 5- Embankment filler; 6- Bridge abutment connecting beam; 7- Rubber gasket; 8- Road roller connecting rod; 9- Pressure sensor; 10- Road roller roller; 11- Bolt kit; 12- Coarse aggregate. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Example 1:

[0041] This embodiment provides a reinforced ribbed bridge abutment embankment structure using waste tire grilles, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes ribbed abutment 1, waste tire grid 2, anchor hook 3, triangular pyramidal precast concrete block 4, and embankment fill 5.

[0042] The structure in this embodiment consists of several ribbed abutments 1, such as Figure 2 As shown, the bridge abutment is 8.4 m high and 1.2 m wide. The back of multiple ribbed bridge abutments 1 are connected by multiple bridge abutment connecting beams 6 distributed vertically at 1 m intervals. The cross-sectional dimensions of the bridge abutment connecting beams 6 are 0.2 × 0.2 m. Several anchor hooks 3 are provided on the bridge abutment connecting beams 6. The anchor hooks 3 are made of 8 mm steel bars bent into shape. The main function of the anchor hooks 3 is to fix one end of the waste tire grid.

[0043] In this embodiment, the waste tire grating 2 is composed of two longitudinal and several transverse waste tire strips overlapped together. Each longitudinal waste tire strip is 1.6 m long and 0.2 m wide, and each transverse waste tire strip is 0.8 m long and 0.2 m wide. The transverse strips are spaced 1 m apart and are overlapped using bolt kits 11. The length of the waste tire grating 2 is determined by the distance from the excavation step to the ribbed abutment 1; generally, the length increases with the increase of the embankment fill material 5.

[0044] Furthermore, holes are reserved at both ends of the waste tire grid. One end is hung on the anchor hook 3 of each bridge abutment connecting beam 6, and the other end is connected to the triangular pyramidal concrete precast block 4, which is inserted into the roadbed.

[0045] Furthermore, the triangular pyramidal precast concrete block 4, as Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the cross-section is trapezoidal, with a height of 0.1 m, top dimensions of 0.1 × 0.2 m, and bottom dimensions of 0.3 × 0.2 m. The pointed end has a small contact area with the soil, resulting in higher pressure and lower resistance, facilitating forward propulsion during tensioning. The blunt end of the triangular pyramidal precast concrete block 4 is equipped with holes of 12 mm diameter. The blunt end is connected to the waste tire grid 2 by bolts 11, and short reinforcing bars can be inserted into the pointed end for anchoring.

[0046] This invention provides a method for processing reinforced grating from waste tires:

[0047] 1. Prefabricate steel plates with bolt holes. Cut waste radial tires longitudinally to form individual tire strips, punch holes at the ends of the strips, overlap two strips, and fix them with bolts and steel plates. Select the number of overlaps of tire strips according to actual needs.

[0048] 2. Place the extended tire strips that have been overlapped in parallel and overlap them laterally according to the designed mesh size. Optional materials include waste tire strips, steel plate clamps, etc. The overlapping method is the same as above to form a grid.

[0049] The reinforced concrete transverse connecting beams and anchor hooks can be poured simultaneously with the ribbed abutments, or they can be installed subsequently.

[0050] Furthermore, holes are pre-drilled at the ends of the waste tire grid, and it is connected and fixed to the transverse connecting beam according to the design spacing.

[0051] Furthermore, the conical precast concrete block serves as the far-end anchor for the waste tire grid, with pre-drilled holes at both the pointed and blunt ends.

[0052] The blunt-ended holes are connected to the tire strips using bolt kits; the pointed-ended holes are anchored to the backfill using steel bars.

[0053] This embodiment uses waste tire fragments (TDA aggregate) as coarse material and provides a processing method for TDA filler:

[0054] 1. Cut the scraps left over from processing waste tire gratings into waste tire fragments with a length of 6~7.5cm and a width of 3.5~4.5cm.

[0055] 2. Mix the two materials according to the mass ratio of packing material to TDA material = 4:1 and stir evenly to form TDA packing material.

[0056] In the above structure, waste tire strips are used in whole interconnections, reducing the number of cutting operations, simplifying the process, increasing efficiency, and reducing air pollution; prefabricated anchoring hooks avoid drilling and riveting in ribbed bridge abutments, preventing structural damage to the abutment structure and ensuring construction quality; replacing fine-grained soil with TDA filler can effectively improve the strength of the reinforcement-soil interface, resulting in good reinforcement and wide applicability; that is, replacing the waste tire grid with coarse-grained material within a certain thickness range above and below can fully utilize the interface friction, the friction characteristics of the soil inside and outside the grid, and the passive resistance of the coarse-grained soil to the grid's transverse ribs, thereby preventing the grid from slipping at the reinforcement-soil interface and affecting the reinforcement effect.

[0057] Example 2:

[0058] This embodiment provides a smart construction method for reinforced rib bridge abutments using waste tire grating, as detailed below:

[0059] Step 1: Prefabricate various components before construction, mainly including casting ribbed abutments 1, abutment connecting beams 6 and anchor hooks 3, triangular pyramidal precast concrete blocks 4 and processing waste tire gratings 2.

[0060] Step 2: Excavate the construction steps.

[0061] Step 3: Fill the soil up to the lowest abutment connecting beam 6, level the site and compact it.

[0062] Step 4: Installation Figure 6 The connecting rod 8 of the road roller, which is equipped with pressure sensors 9 at both ends, is fixed to the axle of the road roller 10. The width of the connecting rod 8 is 3.2 m. The pressure sensor 9 is a precision instrument and is equipped with a rubber gasket 7 for protection.

[0063] Step 5: Hang one end of several waste tire gratings 2 at several ribbed bridge abutment connecting beam anchor hooks 3, and connect one end to the blunt end of the triangular pyramidal precast concrete block 4 with bolts 11. Ensure that the length of the waste tire gratings 2 and the distance between the construction steps and the ribbed bridge abutment 1 are appropriate.

[0064] Step 6: Operate the road roller, such as Figure 6As shown, the rubber pad 7 is brought into contact with the blunt end of the triangular pyramidal precast concrete block 4, and the waste tire grid 2 is pushed slowly and uniformly towards the construction step. When the pressure sensor 9 reading reaches 10 kN, the tensioning is considered complete. At this time, a rebar head is inserted into the tip of the triangular pyramidal precast concrete block 4 to anchor it to the soil.

[0065] Step 7: When the embankment fill material 5 is fine-grained soil, TDA fill material is laid on the upper and lower parts of the waste tire grid, and the sum of the thickness of the upper and lower TDA fill material is 25-30cm. Refilling the waste tire grid with TDA fill material within a certain thickness range can give full play to the interface friction, the friction characteristics of the soil inside and outside the grid, and the passive resistance of the coarse-grained soil to the grid ribs, thereby avoiding the grid from slipping due to the reinforcement interface and affecting the reinforcement effect.

[0066] Step 8: Fill the soil up to the three anchor hooks of the next bridge abutment connecting beam, level the site and compact it.

[0067] Step 9: Repeat steps 5-7 until the designed fill height of the bridge abutment embankment is reached.

[0068] Step 10: Lay the road surface structure.

[0069] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for intelligent construction of a waste tire grid reinforced rib type abutment embankment, characterized in that, The application discloses a kind of waste tire grid rib type abutment embankment structures, including waste tire grid, rib type abutment, transverse beam, anchoring hook and triangular pyramid concrete precast block, the rib type abutment includes multiple, the back of multiple rib type abutments is connected by multiple transverse beams, and several anchoring hooks are fixed on each described transverse beam;Waste tire grid is fixed on anchoring hook at one end, and the other end is fixed with triangular pyramid concrete precast block through connecting piece after a certain tension is applied, and the triangular pyramid concrete precast block is fixed in roadbed;Fill soil compaction on waste tire grid;Tensioning device is installed on the wheel shaft of road roller, and mechanical sensor is installed on tensioning device; The waste tire grid is formed by two longitudinal and several transverse waste tire strips. The intelligent construction method comprises the following steps: Step 1. Pour the transverse beam on the back of the abutment, pour the anchoring hook on the transverse beam, precast the triangular pyramid concrete precast block, and assemble the required waste tire grid. Step 2. When the fill reaches the preset height, one end of the waste tire grid is hung on the anchoring hook of the transverse beam of the abutment. Step 3. The other end of the waste tire grid is fixed on the blunt end of the triangular pyramid concrete precast block through bolt connection. Step 4. Install the tensioning device on the wheel shaft of the road roller, and the mechanical sensor is installed on the tensioning device. Step 5. Use the thrust of the tensioning device of the road roller on the triangular pyramid concrete precast block to tension the waste tire strip, and when the mechanical sensor measures that the tire tension exceeds the set value, it is considered that the tensioning is completed, and the short steel bar is anchored through the reserved hole of the sharp end of the triangular pyramid concrete precast block. Step 6. Fill and compact the soil. Step 7. Repeat steps 2-6 multiple times, and sequentially lay layer by layer until the fill of the abutment back is completed.

2. The intelligent construction method of the scrap tire grid reinforced rib type abutment embankment according to claim 1, characterized in that, If the fill is fine-grained soil, a composite reinforcement method of mixing coarse-grained fillers in a certain thickness range above and below the waste tire grid is used.

3. The intelligent construction method of the scrap tire grid reinforced rib-type abutment embankment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The triangular pyramid concrete precast block has a trapezoidal vertical section, and holes are arranged in the blunt end and the sharp end of the triangular pyramid concrete precast block. The blunt end is connected with the waste tire grid through a bolt, and the sharp end can be inserted into a short steel bar to play an anchoring role.

4. The intelligent construction method of the scrap tire grid reinforced rib type abutment embankment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waste tire grid has reserved holes at both ends, one end is hung on the anchoring hook of each layer of abutment beam, and the other end is connected with the triangular pyramid concrete precast block.

5. The intelligent construction method of waste tire grid reinforced rib type abutment embankment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The length of the waste tire grid is determined by the distance from the excavation construction step to the abutment, and the length increases with the increase of the embankment fill height.

6. The intelligent construction method of waste tire grid reinforced rib type abutment embankment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tensioning device comprises a connecting rod, pressure sensors are installed at both ends of the connecting rod, and the pressure sensors detect the tensioning degree of each tire strip.

7. The intelligent construction method of waste tire grid reinforced rib type abutment embankment according to claim 6, characterized in that, The connecting rod is installed at the wheel shaft of the road roller, the pressure sensors are arranged at the contact position of the connecting rod and the blunt end of the triangular pyramid concrete precast block, and a rubber pad layer is arranged on the connecting rod to play a buffering role.

8. The intelligent construction method of waste tire grid reinforced rib type abutment embankment according to claim 1, characterized in that, If the fill in step 6 is fine-grained soil, coarse-grained fillers are laid and compacted in a certain thickness range above and below the waste tire grid.

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