Large-span or large-cantilever space grid structure and construction method thereof

Abstract

This invention discloses a large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure and its construction method. The large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure includes a spatial grid component, support members, and a reverse-bending prestressed component. The spatial grid component includes an upper chord, a lower chord, and web members; the reverse-bending prestressed component includes upper prestressed cables, main lower inclined cables, lower longitudinal beams, and lower straight beams. It can directionally divert or reduce the internal forces at important components and support node connections, optimize their internal force distribution, reduce the internal forces at support components and support connections, thereby reducing the overturning moment and improving the overall structure's resistance to progressive collapse. It is particularly suitable for large load conditions with spans ≥40m or cantilever ≥20m and can be widely applied to situations where the root stress is large.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of building technology, specifically relating to a large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of large-span public buildings, people's demand for large open space buildings is increasing, resulting in a large number of large-span or large-cantilever space grid structures. Among them are some buildings with large load-bearing functions, such as those that can be walked on or planted with vegetation.

[0003] Large-span or cantilevered spatial grid structures, coupled with heavy loads, will generate large overturning moments at the supports, resulting in excessive internal forces in the components near the supports and their connections, thus increasing the difficulty of support design and construction. Furthermore, the low redundancy of the spatial structure will create significant safety hazards. In addition, the functional requirements and aesthetic demands of the building limit the size of the components, posing a considerable challenge to structural engineers. Therefore, necessary measures must be taken to reduce the internal forces in the support components and their connections. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address at least one of the aforementioned problems existing in existing large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structures, this invention provides a large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure and its construction method. This structure can directionally divert or reduce internal forces at the connection points of important components and support nodes, optimize the distribution of internal forces, and reduce the internal forces at support components and support connections, thereby reducing the overturning moment and improving the overall structure's resistance to progressive collapse. It is particularly suitable for large load conditions with spans ≥ 40m or cantilever ≥ 20m, and can be widely applied to situations where the root stress is significant.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure, comprising a spatial grid assembly, a support member, and a reverse-bending prestressed assembly. The spatial grid assembly includes an upper chord, a lower chord, and web members. At least two upper chords are provided; multiple upper chords are located in the same horizontal plane, and one end of each is connected to the other via an upper end member. At least two lower chords are provided, all located below the upper chords and in the same horizontal plane, and one end of each is connected to the other via a lower end member. At least two web members are provided, evenly distributed and connected between the upper and lower chords. The other ends of the upper and lower chords are connected to the support member.

[0007] The reverse-bending prestressed assembly includes upper prestressed cables, main lower inclined cables, lower longitudinal beams, and lower straight beams. At least two sets of upper prestressed cables are provided, each located at the upper chord. One end of each set of upper prestressed cables is connected to one end of the upper chord, and the other end is connected to the support member. At least two pairs of main lower inclined cables are provided, each pair symmetrically distributed. One end of each pair is connected to the lower end member. The lower longitudinal beam is connected to each of the lower chord members, and the lower chord members at both ends are respectively connected to the other end of the main lower inclined cables. One end of the lower straight beam is connected to the lower longitudinal beam, and the other end is connected to the support member.

[0008] Preferably, the lower straight beam is perpendicular to the lower longitudinal beam, and one end of the lower straight beam is connected to the middle of the lower longitudinal beam.

[0009] Preferably, the reverse bending prestressed component further includes auxiliary lower stay cables, which are provided in at least two pairs, each pair being symmetrically distributed; one end of the auxiliary lower stay cables is connected to the lower longitudinal beam, and the other end is connected to the other end of the upper chord.

[0010] Preferably, one end of each pair of auxiliary lower stay cables is connected to one end of the lower straight beam and to the lower longitudinal beam; the lower straight beam is set as the axis of symmetry of each pair of auxiliary lower stay cables.

[0011] Preferably, the two ends of the main lower cable are connected to the lower end rod and the lower chord at both ends of the lower longitudinal beam via cable supports; the two ends of the auxiliary lower cable are welded to the other ends of the lower straight beam and the upper chord, respectively.

[0012] Preferably, the upper chord is a hollow tube with an upper chord end face at one end; the upper prestressed cable is disposed inside the upper chord, with one end connected to the upper end face.

[0013] Preferably, the two ends of the upper prestressed cable are respectively connected to the upper chord end face of one end of the upper chord and the support member through upper cable supports; the two ends of the lower straight beam are respectively connected to the lower longitudinal beam and the support member through upper cable supports.

[0014] Preferably, the other end of the upper chord is provided with an upper extension section, which extends and connects to the interior of the support member.

[0015] Secondly, the present invention provides a construction method for a large-span spatial grid structure, which can be used to construct the large-span spatial grid structure of the first aspect of the present invention, comprising the following steps:

[0016] Step S11, Construction of support structure: Construction to form the support component;

[0017] Step S12: Install the upper chord of the large-span spatial grid structure: Connect one end of the upper chord of the spatial grid component to the upper end rod, and connect and fix the other end to the support member;

[0018] Step S13: Apply counterweight: Apply counterweights to the upper chord portion of the large-span spatial grid structure installed in step S12;

[0019] Step S14: Install the lower chord of the large-span spatial grid structure: Connect one end of the lower chord of the spatial grid component to the lower end rod, and connect the lower chord to the lower part of the upper chord through the web rod; connect the lower longitudinal beam to each of the lower chords; connect both ends of the lower straight beam to the lower longitudinal beam and the support member respectively;

[0020] Step S15: Remove the counterweight: Remove the counterweight from the upper chord portion of the large-span spatial grid structure;

[0021] Step S16: Tensioning the upper and lower cables: Install the upper prestressed cable on the upper chord, connect one end of each pair of main lower inclined cables to the lower end bar, and connect the other end to the lower chord at both ends of the lower longitudinal beam, and simultaneously tension the upper prestressed cable and the main lower inclined cable to the preset initial prestress.

[0022] Step S17: Casting floor slabs: Cast floor slabs within the height range of the large-span spatial grid structure, and set post-cast strips within the length range of the upper chord and the lower chord of the large-span spatial grid structure;

[0023] Step S18: Construct the building surface layer and build the walls;

[0024] Step S19: Fill and pour the post-cast strip floor slab.

[0025] Thirdly, the present invention provides a construction method for a large cantilevered spatial grid structure, which can be used to construct the large cantilevered spatial grid structure of the first aspect of the present invention, comprising the following steps:

[0026] Step S21, Construction of support structure: Construction to form the support component;

[0027] Step S22, Install the frame: Install the frame at the far end of the cantilever of the large cantilevered space grid structure;

[0028] Step S23: Install the large cantilevered space grid structure: Connect one end of the upper chord of the space grid assembly to the upper end rod, and connect and fix the other end to the support member; connect one end of the lower chord of the space grid assembly to the lower end rod, and connect the lower chord to the lower part of the upper chord through the web member; connect the lower longitudinal beam to each of the lower chords; connect and fix both ends of the lower straight beam to the lower longitudinal beam and the support member respectively;

[0029] Step S24: Tensioning the upper and lower cables: Install the upper prestressed cable on the upper chord, connect one end of each pair of main lower inclined cables to the lower end bar, and connect the other end to the lower chord at both ends of the lower longitudinal beam, and simultaneously tension the upper prestressed cable and the main lower inclined cable to the preset initial prestress.

[0030] Step S25: Casting floor slabs: Cast floor slabs within the height range of the large cantilevered space grid structure, and construct the building surface layer and masonry walls on the floor slabs;

[0031] Step S26: Set up a post-cast strip: Set up a post-cast strip within the length range of the upper chord and the lower chord of the large cantilevered spatial grid structure;

[0032] Step S27, Remaining Individual Construction: Construction of the remaining building surface layers and masonry;

[0033] Step S28: Fill and pour the post-cast strip floor slab.

[0034] The large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure and its construction method of the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0035] 1. The large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure of the present invention can reduce the overturning moment, direct or reduce the internal forces at the connection points of important components such as the upper chord, lower chord, and web members, optimize the distribution of internal forces, and improve the overall structure's resistance to progressive collapse. It can be widely applied in the design and modification of spatial grid structure systems with large root stress. It has significant advantages in the design of large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure systems, especially in the design of spatial grid structure systems with a span ≥40m or cantilever ≥20m, under large loads, and where each cable support is fixed to the support member.

[0036] 2. The large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure of the present invention can directionally divert or reduce the internal forces at the connection of each cable support, further optimize the distribution of internal forces and improve the overall structure's resistance to progressive collapse; wherein, each cable support can be hinged or rigidly fixed to the support member, and the support member can be a core tube or a steel support anti-lateral system.

[0037] 3. The construction method of the large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure of the present invention is applicable to the construction of large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structures, which is convenient to operate and improves efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0038] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this invention, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and are used to explain the invention, but do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0039] Figure 1 This is an elevation view of the large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 2 This is a plan view of the upper chord of the large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 3 This is a plan view of the lower chord of the large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of a single downward cable support for a large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure according to the present invention.

[0043] Figure 5 This is a front view of the single downward cable support of the large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 6 This is a top view of the single-down cable support of the large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 7 This is a left view of the single downward cable support of the large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 8 This is a front view of the single-down cable support in use for the large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 9 This is a structural schematic diagram of the bidirectional cable support for the large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 10 This is a front view of the bidirectional cable-stayed support for the large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 11 This is a top view of the bidirectional cable-stayed support for the large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 12This is a left view of the bidirectional cable-stayed support for the large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 13 This is a left view of the bidirectional cable-stayed support of the large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure of the present invention in use.

[0052] Figure 14 This is a front view of the upper cable support in one embodiment of the large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 15 This is a left view of the upper cable support of another embodiment of the large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure of the present invention.

[0054] Figure 16 This is a front view of the upper cable support, which is another embodiment of the large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 17 This is a flowchart of the construction method for the large-span spatial grid structure of the present invention.

[0056] Figure 18 This is a flowchart of the construction method for the large cantilevered spatial grid structure of the present invention.

[0057] Figure reference numerals:

[0058] 1 is a spatial grid component; 110 is the upper chord; 111 is the upper end member; 112 is the extension section; 120 is the lower chord; 121 is the lower end member; 130 is the web member; 2 is a support member; 310 is the upper prestressed cable; 320 is the main lower inclined cable; 330 is the lower longitudinal beam; 340 is the lower straight beam; 350 is the auxiliary lower inclined cable; 360 is the lower crossbeam; 4 is the upper cable support; 410 is the concave support; 420 is the convex support; 430 is the screw; 440 is the nut; 450 is the tie rod; 510 is the single-sided lower cable support; 520 is the double-sided lower cable support; 511 is the seat plate; 512 is the single-sided tie plate; 513 is the lower cable hole; 514 is the opposite-sided tie plate; 515 is the reinforcing plate; 516 is the shaft. Detailed Implementation

[0059] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and corresponding drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0060] This invention addresses the current lack of relevant atlases and standards for regulating and researching large-span or cantilevered spatial grid structures. Large-span or cantilevered spatial grid structures often experience significant overturning moments at their chords or support ends, resulting in large component dimensions, material waste, and compromised building functionality. While existing steel structure codes and atlases recommend practices for large-span or cantilevered spatial grid structures, they cannot meet all practical design requirements. This invention addresses this by employing different forms of prestressed cables and reaction structures for the tension and compression states of the upper chord (110) and lower chord (120), thereby reducing component stress and cross-sectional dimensions, and meeting the practical design needs under complex conditions.

[0061] The technical solutions provided by the various embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example

[0062] Please refer to the reference. Figures 1 to 3 A large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure, comprising a spatial grid component 1, a support component 2, and a reverse-bending prestressed component;

[0063] like Figure 1 As shown, the spatial grid assembly 1 includes an upper chord 110, a lower chord 120, and a web member 130, with at least two upper chords 110; as... Figure 2 As shown, multiple upper chord members 110 are located in the same horizontal plane, and one end of each member is connected to the other via an upper end member 111; as Figure 3 As shown, at least two lower chord members 120 are provided, and multiple lower chord members 120 are all located below the upper chord member 110, in the same horizontal plane, and one end of each is connected to the other via a lower end member 121; as shown Figure 1 As shown, at least two web members 130 are provided, evenly distributed and connected between the upper chord member 110 and the lower chord member 120; the other end of the upper chord member 110 and the lower chord member 120 is connected to the support member 2.

[0064] Please refer to the reference. Figures 1 to 3 The inverted bending prestressed assembly includes an upper prestressed cable 310, a main lower inclined cable 320, a lower longitudinal beam 330, and a lower straight beam 340, such as... Figure 2 As shown, at least two sets of upper prestressed cables 310 are provided, each located at the upper chord 110; Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, one end of each set of prestressed cables 310 is connected to one end of the upper chord 110, and the other end is connected to the support member 2; as shown... Figure 3As shown, the main lower cable 320 is provided with at least two pairs, each pair being symmetrically distributed; one end of the cable is connected to the lower end bar 121; the lower longitudinal beam 330 is connected to each lower chord bar 120, and the lower chord bars 120 at both ends of the lower longitudinal beam 330 are respectively connected to the other end of the main lower cable 320; the lower straight beam 340 is connected at one end to the lower longitudinal beam 330 and at the other end to the support member 2.

[0065] In this embodiment, the large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure has its upper chord 110, lower chord 120, and web member 130 connected together, with one end fixed to the support member 2. Under the bending moment at the root of the overall structure, the upper chord 110 is under tension, and the lower chord 120 is under compression. The prestress of the upper prestressed cable 310 generates a reaction force on the upper chord 110, thereby reducing the internal force of the upper chord 110. By utilizing the prestress of the main lower cable 320, part of the internal force of the lower chord 120 is diverted to the lower straight beam 340, generating a reverse tension on the lower chord 120, thereby reducing the internal force of the lower chord 110. This optimizes the distribution of internal forces and improves the overall structure's resistance to progressive collapse. It can be widely applied to the design and renovation of spatial grid structure systems with large root stresses. It has significant advantages in the design of large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure systems, especially for spatial grid structure systems with spans ≥40m or cantilevers ≥20m, under large loads, and where each cable support is fixed to the support member.

[0066] like Figure 1 As shown, specifically, the upper chord members 110 are parallel to each other. The upper end member 111 is perpendicular to the upper chord member 110. The lower chord members 120 are parallel to each other. The lower end member 121 is perpendicular to the lower chord member 120.

[0067] like Figure 3 As shown, specifically, the number of lower chord members 120 and upper chord members 110 is equal. A lower chord member 120 is correspondingly arranged below each upper chord member 110, and the two are parallel to each other and located in the same vertical plane. For example, there are two lower chord members 120 and two upper chord members 110.

[0068] like Figure 1As shown, specifically, vertical web members 130 are connected between the two ends of the upper end rod 111 and the lower end rod 121. A vertical web member 130 is connected between the middle of the upper end rod 111 and the lower end rod 121. Alternatively, a web member 130 is connected between one end of the upper chord rod 110 and one end of the lower chord rod 120, both located in the same vertical plane. At least two web members 130 can be provided at this end, and they are evenly distributed. The web members 130 connecting the upper chord rod 110 and the lower chord rod 120, except at one end, are inclined. At least two web members 130 can be provided at the non-end ends, and they are evenly distributed. At least two pairs of inclined web members 130 can be provided, with each pair forming a symmetrical V-shaped structure.

[0069] Specifically, support member 2 can be configured as a core tube or a steel support structure.

[0070] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, specifically, each upper chord 110 is equipped with a set of upper prestressed cables 310. Each set of upper prestressed cables 310 consists of four cables, evenly distributed. The main lower stay cables 320 consist of four pairs, for a total of eight cables.

[0071] like Figure 3 As shown, specifically, the lower longitudinal beam 330 is perpendicular to each lower chord 120.

[0072] In some embodiments, the lower straight beam 340 is perpendicular to the lower longitudinal beam 330, and one end of the straight beam 340 is connected to the middle of the lower longitudinal beam 330.

[0073] In some embodiments, the anti-bending prestressed assembly further includes an auxiliary lower stay cable 350, which is provided in at least two pairs, each pair being symmetrically distributed; one end of the auxiliary lower stay cable 350 is connected to the lower longitudinal beam 330, and the other end is connected to the other end of the upper chord 110.

[0074] In some embodiments, one end of each pair of auxiliary lower stay cables 350 is connected to one end of the lower straight beam 340 and to the lower longitudinal beam 330; the lower straight beam 340 and the axis of symmetry of each pair of auxiliary lower stay cables 350 are located in the same vertical plane, for example, the lower straight beam 340 is set as the axis of symmetry of each pair of auxiliary lower stay cables 350.

[0075] In some embodiments, the two ends of the main lower cable 320 are respectively connected to the lower end rod 121 and the lower chord 120 at both ends of the lower longitudinal beam 330 through cable supports; the two ends of the auxiliary lower cable 350 are respectively welded to the other end of the lower straight beam 340 and the upper chord 110.

[0076] Please refer to the reference. Figures 3 to 13 Specifically, the cable support includes a single-direction cable support 510 and a double-direction cable support 520, such as... Figure 3 , Figure 8 and Figure 13 As shown, one end of the main lower cable 320 is connected to the lower end rod 121 through a single lower cable support 510, and the other end is connected to the lower chord rods 120 at both ends of the lower longitudinal beam 330 through a double lower cable support 520.

[0077] like Figures 4 to 8 As shown, the single-sided pull-down cable support 510 includes a seat plate 511 and a single-sided pull plate 512. One end face of the seat plate 511 is connected to the lower end rod 121, and one side face is connected to the single-sided pull plate 512. A pull-down cable hole 513 is provided on the single-sided pull plate 512.

[0078] like Figures 9 to 13 As shown, the bidirectional cable support 520 includes a single cable support 510 and a counter-side plate 514. The counter-side plate 514 is connected to the other side of the seat plate 511. The counter-side plate 514 is symmetrically arranged with the single-side plate 512. The counter-side plate 514 has a cable hole 513.

[0079] like Figure 3 , Figure 8 and Figure 13 As shown, the end face of the base plate 511 of the bidirectional cable support 520 is connected to the lower end rod 121, and one end of the main lower inclined cable 320 is connected to the cable hole 513 of the bidirectional cable support 520; the end face of the base plate 511 of the unidirectional cable support 510 is connected to the lower chord 120 at both ends of the lower longitudinal beam 330, and the other end of the main lower inclined cable 320 is connected to the cable hole 513 of the unidirectional cable support 510.

[0080] like Figures 4 to 8 As shown, specifically, the seat plate 511 of the single-down cable support 510 is set in an L-shape, and the side and bottom edge of the single-side pull plate 512 are connected to the longitudinal and transverse portions of the L-shaped seat plate 511, respectively.

[0081] like Figures 9 to 13 As shown, the seat plate 511 of the bidirectional cable support 520 is configured as an inverted T-shape, and the side and bottom edges of the single-sided tension plate 512 and the opposite-sided tension plate 514 are respectively connected to the longitudinal and transverse portions on both sides of the inverted T-shaped seat plate 511.

[0082] like Figure 4 , Figure 6 and Figure 7 , Figure 9 , Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, the seat plate 511 is a hollow plate to reduce weight.

[0083] A reinforcing plate 515 is connected between the opposite inner walls of the hollow slab to improve its strength.

[0084] Please refer to the reference. Figures 3 to 13 Specifically, the main lower cable 320 has eight cables, and the single-sided lower cable support 510 has two parallel tie plates 512 on each side. Each tie plate 512 has two cable holes 513 evenly distributed. The double-sided lower cable support 520 also has two parallel tie plates 514 on the opposite side, symmetrically arranged with the tie plates 512. Each tie plate 514 also has two cable holes 513 evenly distributed, symmetrically arranged with the cable holes 513 on the tie plates 512.

[0085] Please refer to the reference. Figure 1 and Figure 2 and Figures 14 to 16 In some embodiments, the two ends of the upper prestressed cable 310 are respectively connected to the upper chord end face of one end of the upper chord 110 and the support member 2 through straight cable supports 5; the two ends of the lower straight beam 340 are respectively connected to the lower longitudinal beam 330 and the support member 2 through straight cable supports 5.

[0086] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, specifically, the two ends of the upper prestressed cable 310 are connected to one end of the upper chord 110 and the support member 2 through the upper cable support 4, respectively.

[0087] like Figures 14 to 16 As shown, specifically, the upper cable support 5 includes a concave support 410, a convex support 420, a screw 430, a nut 440, and a tie rod 450. Both the concave support 410 and the convex support 420 are tubular. The nut 440 is sleeved onto one end of the screw 430. The other end of the screw 430 passes through the concave support 410 and the convex support 420 in sequence, and then connects to one end of the upper chord 110 or the support member 2, and to one end of the tie rod 450. One end face of the concave support 410 is flat and contacts the nut 440, while its other end face is concave. One end face of the convex support 420 is convex and contacts the concave surface of the concave support 410, while its other end face is flat and connects to one end of the upper chord 110.

[0088] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 and Figure 15 and Figure 16 As shown, in some embodiments, the upper chord 110 is configured as a hollow tube with an upper chord end face at one end; the upper prestressed cable 310 is disposed inside the upper chord 110, with one end connected to the upper end face.

[0089] Specifically, the upper chord 110 is set as a rectangular hollow tube, for example, the upper chord 110 is set as a square hollow tube. Each upper chord 110 is provided with four upper prestressed cables 310, and the four upper prestressed cables 310 are evenly distributed in a rectangle at the four side ribs inside the upper chord 110.

[0090] Please refer to the reference. Figure 1 and Figure 2 and Figures 14 to 16 Specifically, a connecting hole is provided on the end face of one end of the upper chord 110 or on the support member 2, and the other end of the screw 430 passes through and is connected in the connecting hole to achieve connection with the upper chord 110 or the support member 2.

[0091] Specifically, the two ends of the four upper prestressed cables 310 are respectively connected to one end of the upper chord 110 and the support member 2 through an upper cable support 4.

[0092] In some embodiments, the other end of the upper chord 110 is provided with an upper extension 112, which extends and connects to the interior of the support 2.

[0093] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, a lower crossbeam 360 connects the lower end rod 121 and the lower longitudinal beam 330. The lower crossbeam 360 is perpendicular to the lower longitudinal beam 330. At least two lower crossbeams 360 are provided. The plurality of lower crossbeams 360 are parallel to each other and evenly distributed.

[0094] Among them, support component 2 can be a core tube or a steel support system. 1. The wall type of the core tube can be a reinforced concrete shear wall, a steel-concrete shear wall, a steel plate shear wall, a composite shear wall, a steel support + steel plate shear wall, or a steel support + composite shear wall, etc., and the appropriate type needs to be selected according to the magnitude of the force. The steel support system can be a herringbone brace, a cross brace, etc. Support component 2, while meeting the load-bearing requirements, also has high rigidity, reducing the vertical deformation of the spatial grid structure.

[0095] like Figure 8 and Figure 13 , Figure 14 As shown, specifically, the main lower cable 320 is connected to the lower cable hole 513 of the single-down lower cable support 510 and the double-down lower cable support 520 via the upper cable support 5. One end of the screw 430 of the upper cable support 5 is connected to the lower cable hole 513. For example, a shaft 516 is connected inside the lower cable hole 513, and the screw 430 is connected to the shaft 516, so that the screw 430 is connected to the lower cable hole 513, thereby enabling the main lower cable 320 to be connected to the single-down lower cable support 510 and the double-down lower cable support 520 via the upper cable support 5.

[0096] In the large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure of the above embodiments, the anti-bending prestressed component may include an upper prestressed cable 310. That is, by setting the upper prestressed cable 310 inside the upper chord 110 and making the upper prestressed cable 310 extend from inside the upper chord 110 into the support member 2, the prestress of the upper prestressed cable 310 generates a reaction force on the upper chord 110, thereby reducing the internal force of the upper chord 110; wherein, the support member 2 may be a core tube or other embedded structure.

[0097] In addition, the reverse-bending prestressed assembly may also include a pair of main lower stay cables 320, a lower longitudinal beam 330, a lower straight beam 340, and a pair of auxiliary lower stay cables 350. One end of the main lower stay cable 320 is connected to the lower end member 121; the lower longitudinal beam 330 is connected to each lower chord member 120, and the lower chord members 120 at both ends are respectively connected to the other end of the main lower stay cable 320; one end of the lower straight beam 340 is connected to the lower longitudinal beam 330, and the other... One end is connected to the support member 2; one end of the auxiliary lower cable 350 is connected to the lower longitudinal beam 330, and the other end is connected to the other end of the upper chord 110; thus, the prestress of the main lower cable 320 and the auxiliary lower cable 350 is used to divert part of the internal force of the lower chord 120 to the auxiliary lower cable 350 and the lower straight beam 340, generating a reverse tension on the lower chord 120, thereby reducing the internal force of the lower chord 110 and the internal force of the lower cable support.

[0098] The stress characteristics of its anti-bending prestressed component are as follows: the upper prestressed cable 310 generates a horizontal tension pointing towards the support member 2, while the main lower inclined cable 320, the lower straight beam 340, and the auxiliary lower inclined cable 350 generate a horizontal tension away from the support member 2; the prestressed tension of the upper prestressed cable 310, the main lower inclined cable 320, the lower straight beam 340, and the auxiliary lower inclined cable 350 is opposite to the axial force of the upper chord 110 and the lower chord 120, respectively; the tension of the upper prestressed cable 310, the main lower inclined cable 320, the lower straight beam 340, and the auxiliary lower inclined cable 350 together generate a resultant bending moment opposite to the overturning bending moment, in order to resist the overturning moment of the large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure under vertical load, thereby reducing the internal force of the large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure. The diameter of each cable is calculated according to the actual situation.

[0099] The large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structures described in the above embodiments are particularly suitable for spatial grid structures with large spans and cantilever lengths, and large floor loads, such as cast-in-place concrete accessible slabs, green floors, or roofs, which result in large bending moments and shear deformations at their roots. When the additional bending moments generated by shear deformation in the upper chord 110, lower chord 120, and web members 130 are large, their upper cable supports 4 and lower cable supports can adopt hinged structures to eliminate the adverse effects of large additional bending moments on the components.

[0100] In the above embodiments of large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structures, if the overall structure has no seismic performance requirements, the spatial grid structure and the support member 2 structure need to meet the elastic performance target for moderate earthquakes; if the overall structure has seismic performance requirements, the support member 2 needs to meet the performance target Class B requirements of the "Code for Seismic Design of Buildings" or the "Technical Code for Steel Structures of High-Rise Civil Buildings". Key components of the spatial grid structure, such as the upper chord 110, lower chord 120 and web member 130, as well as the anti-bending prestressed components, need to meet the seismic performance requirements for elasticity in moderate and major earthquakes, while other components need to meet the seismic performance requirements for elasticity in moderate earthquakes and non-yielding in major earthquakes.

[0101] The large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structures described above can take into account seismic load combinations dominated by vertical earthquakes; if the upper and lower chord planes of the spatial grid structure are subjected to increased wind loads, the load combination of wind load and seismic action can be considered; the adverse effects of temperature on the structure during the construction and normal use stages can be considered; and unfavorable arrangements or half-span arrangements of live loads can be considered.

[0102] In the above embodiments, when calculating the bearing capacity and deformation of the large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure and the inverted prestressed components, the beneficial effect of the floor slab is not considered; when calculating the floor slab stress, it is simulated as an elastic plate; by taking some construction measures and adjusting the construction sequence, the component cross-section of the spatial grid structure and the inverted prestressed components can be effectively optimized, and the floor slab stress can be effectively reduced.

[0103] To improve safety, under the basic combination of minor earthquakes and non-earthquake conditions, the stress ratio of each support and inverse bending prestressed component in large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structures is controlled within 0.75, the stress ratio of other steel components is controlled within 0.8, and the maximum tension of each cable does not exceed 0.90f. tp f tp The design internal forces of each cable; under the basic combination of moderate and major earthquake conditions, the stress ratio of all steel components shall not exceed 1.0, and the maximum internal force of each cable shall not exceed f. tp .

[0104] Reverse-bending prestressed components can be included in the overall calculation. However, in some cases, to meet the functional requirements of the building, the redundancy of the spatial grid structure components is relatively low. The failure of a single component may lead to the collapse or progressive failure of the entire structure. Therefore, the reverse-bending prestressed components can be designed as a safety reserve. That is, when calculating the load-bearing capacity of the spatial grid structure components, the beneficial effect of the reverse-bending prestressed components is not considered. In effect, this reduces the internal forces of the spatial grid structure components and enhances the resistance to progressive collapse.

[0105] In the above embodiments, the displacement angle of the large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure can be controlled within 1 / 800. Under standard combinations, the vertical deformation of the large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure can be differentiated according to whether it is accessible or not: the vertical deformation of the accessible large-span spatial grid structure is controlled within 1 / 400 of the span, and the large-cantilever spatial grid structure is controlled within 1 / 200; the vertical deformation of the non-accessible large-span spatial grid structure is controlled within 1 / 250 of the span, and the large-cantilever spatial grid structure is controlled within 1 / 125. Here, the displacement angle refers to the ratio of the horizontal displacement of the vertex to the height of the vertex. The standard combination refers to a load combination with a partial factor of 1.0, such as 1.0 times the dead load + 1.0 times the live load + 0.6 times the wind load, etc.

[0106] The system can monitor the building's health throughout the entire construction process. The monitoring content includes: the deformation at the maximum position of the overall structure of the large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure, the internal forces of the upper chord 110, lower chord 120 and web members 130, the internal forces of the reverse bending prestressed components and the internal forces of each cable, etc. If any abnormal monitoring data is found, construction will be stopped immediately, safety protection measures will be implemented, and the cause will be investigated.

[0107] Compared with ordinary large-span spatial structures under the same conditions, the stress ratio of the upper chord 110 in the large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure described in the above embodiments can be reduced by 30-50%, the stress ratio of the lower chord 120 by 40%-60%, and the stress ratio of the web members 130 by 10%-30%. The larger the span or cantilever length, the more significant the economic benefits. Here, the stress ratio refers to the ratio of the design stress to the design value of the tensile bearing capacity. Example

[0108] like Figure 17 As shown, a construction method for a large-span spatial grid structure, which can be used to construct the large-span spatial grid structure described in any one of Embodiment 1, may include the following steps:

[0109] Step S11, Construction of support structure: Construction forms support component 2;

[0110] Step S12: Install the upper chord of the large-span spatial grid structure: Connect one end of the upper chord rod 110 of the spatial grid component 1 to the upper end rod 111, and connect and fix the other end to the support member 2;

[0111] Step S13: Apply counterweight: Apply counterweights to the upper chord of the large-span spatial grid structure installed in step S12; the counterweights can be sandbags or water tanks, etc., and the weight of the counterweights can be calculated and determined according to the actual situation.

[0112] Step S14: Install the lower chord of the large-span spatial grid structure: Connect one end of the lower chord 120 of the spatial grid component 1 to the lower end rod 121, and connect the lower chord 120 to the lower chord 110 below it via the web rod 130; connect the lower longitudinal beam 330 to each lower chord 120; connect both ends of the lower straight beam 340 to the lower longitudinal beam 330 and the support member 2 respectively; the upper chord 110 is installed first, and the lower chord 120 is installed later to reduce the internal force of the lower chord 120 and optimize the internal force distribution of the large-span spatial grid structure; the lower chord 120 is installed first, and the lower straight beam 340 is installed later to reduce the out-of-plane bending moment of the support member 2, such as the core tube.

[0113] Out-of-plane bending moment refers to the bending moment outside the plane of force application.

[0114] Step S15: Remove the counterweight: Remove the counterweight from the upper chord of the large-span spatial grid structure;

[0115] Step S16: Tensioning the upper and lower cables: Install prestressed cables 310 on the upper chord 110, connect one end of each pair of main lower inclined cables 320 to the lower end bar 121, and connect the other end to the lower chord 120 at both ends of the lower longitudinal beam 330. Simultaneously tension the upper prestressed cables 310 and the main lower inclined cables 320 to the preset initial prestress; the preset initial prestress value can be calculated according to the actual situation.

[0116] Step S17: Casting the floor slab: Cast the floor slab within the height range of the large-span spatial grid structure, and set the post-cast strip within the length range of the upper chord 110 and lower chord 120 of the large-span spatial grid structure; thereby reducing the stress of the floor slab at the positions of the upper chord 110 and lower chord 120.

[0117] Step S18: Construction of individual projects such as building surface layer and masonry;

[0118] Step S19: Fill and pour the post-cast strip floor slab. Example

[0119] like Figure 18 As shown, a construction method for a large cantilevered spatial grid structure, which can be used to construct the large cantilevered spatial grid structure described in any one of Embodiment 1, may include the following steps:

[0120] Step S21, Construction of support structure: Construction forms support component 2;

[0121] Step S22, Install the frame: Install the frame at the far end of the cantilever of the large cantilevered space grid structure;

[0122] Step S23: Install the large cantilevered space grid structure: Connect one end of the upper chord 110 of the space grid component 1 to the upper end rod 111, and connect and fix the other end to the support member 2; connect one end of the lower chord 120 of the space grid component 1 to the lower end rod 121, and connect the lower chord 120 to the lower part of the upper chord 110 through the web member 130; connect the lower longitudinal beam 330 to each lower chord 120; connect and fix both ends of the lower straight beam 340 to the lower longitudinal beam 330 and the support member 2 respectively.

[0123] Step S24: Tensioning the upper and lower cables: Install prestressed cables 310 on the upper chord 110, connect one end of each pair of main lower inclined cables 320 to the lower end bar 121, and connect the other end to the lower chord 120 at both ends of the lower longitudinal beam 330. Simultaneously tension the upper prestressed cables 310 and the main lower inclined cables 320 to the preset initial prestress; the preset initial prestress value can be calculated according to the actual situation.

[0124] Step S25, pouring floor slabs: pouring floor slabs within the height range of the large cantilevered space grid structure, constructing the building surface layer and masonry on the floor slabs, and other individual projects;

[0125] Step S26: Set up post-pouring strips: Set up post-pouring strips within the length range of the upper chord 110 and lower chord 120 of the large cantilevered spatial grid structure to reduce the stress in the floor slab at the positions of the upper chord 110 and lower chord 120.

[0126] Step S27, Other individual construction: Construction of the remaining building surface layer and masonry, etc.

[0127] Step S28: Fill and pour the post-cast strip floor slab.

[0128] The above are merely embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure, characterized in that, The system includes a spatial grid assembly, support members, and a reverse bending prestressing assembly. The spatial grid assembly includes: at least two upper chord members; multiple upper chord members are located in the same horizontal plane, and one end of each upper chord member is connected to the other via an upper end member. There are at least two lower chord members, all located below the upper chord members and in the same horizontal plane, with one end connected to each other via a lower end member; there are at least two web members, evenly distributed and connected between the upper chord members and the lower chord members; the other ends of the upper chord members and the lower chord members are connected to the support member. The reverse bending prestressed assembly includes: upper prestressed cables, with at least two sets respectively disposed at the upper chord; one end of each set of upper prestressed cables is connected to one end of the upper chord, and the other end is connected to the support member; main lower inclined cables, with at least two pairs, each pair symmetrically distributed; one end of each pair is connected to the lower end member; lower longitudinal beams, connected to each of the lower chords, and the lower chords at both ends of each lower longitudinal beam are respectively connected to the other end of the main lower inclined cables; and lower straight beams, with one end connected to the lower longitudinal beams and the other end connected to the support member.

2. The large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower straight beam is perpendicular to the lower longitudinal beam, and one end of the straight beam is connected to the middle of the lower longitudinal beam.

3. The large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reverse bending prestressed assembly also includes: The auxiliary lower stay cable is provided in at least two pairs, each pair being symmetrically distributed; one end of the cable is connected to the lower longitudinal beam, and the other end is connected to the other end of the upper chord.

4. The large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, One end of each pair of auxiliary lower stay cables is connected to one end of the lower straight beam and to the lower longitudinal beam; the lower straight beam is set as the axis of symmetry of each pair of auxiliary lower stay cables.

5. The large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The two ends of the main lower cable are respectively connected to the lower end rod and the lower chord at both ends of the lower longitudinal beam through cable supports; the two ends of the auxiliary lower cable are respectively welded to the other end of the lower straight beam and the upper chord.

6. The large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper chord is a hollow tube with an upper chord end face at one end; the upper prestressed cable is installed inside the upper chord and one end is connected to the upper chord end face.

7. The large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The two ends of the upper prestressed cable are respectively connected to the upper chord end face of one end of the upper chord and the support member through upper cable supports; the two ends of the lower straight beam are respectively connected to the lower longitudinal beam and the support member through upper cable supports.

8. The large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The other end of the upper chord is provided with an upper extension section, which extends and connects to the interior of the support member.

9. A construction method for a large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure, characterized in that, For implementing a large-span or large-cantilever spatial grid structure as described in any one of claims 1-8, the construction of a large-span spatial grid structure includes the following steps: Step S11, Construction of support structure: Construction to form the support component; Step S12: Install the upper chord of the large-span spatial grid structure: Connect one end of the upper chord of the spatial grid component to the upper end rod, and connect and fix the other end to the support member; Step S13: Apply counterweight: Apply counterweights to the upper chord portion of the large-span spatial grid structure installed in step S12; Step S14: Install the lower chord of the large-span spatial grid structure: Connect one end of the lower chord of the spatial grid component to the lower end rod, and connect the lower chord to the lower part of the upper chord through the web rod; connect the lower longitudinal beam to each of the lower chords; connect both ends of the lower straight beam to the lower longitudinal beam and the support member respectively; Step S15: Remove the counterweight: Remove the counterweight from the upper chord portion of the large-span spatial grid structure; Step S16: Tensioning the upper and lower cables: Install the upper prestressed cable on the upper chord, connect one end of each pair of main lower inclined cables to the lower end bar, and connect the other end to the lower chord at both ends of the lower longitudinal beam, and simultaneously tension the upper prestressed cable and the main lower inclined cable to the preset initial prestress. Step S17: Casting floor slabs: Cast floor slabs within the height range of the large-span spatial grid structure, and set post-cast strips within the length range of the upper chord and the lower chord of the large-span spatial grid structure; Step S18: Construct the building surface layer and build the walls; Step S19: Fill and pour the post-cast strip floor slab; When constructing a large cantilevered spatial grid structure, the following steps are included: Step S21, Construction of support structure: Construction to form the support component; Step S22, Install the frame: Install the frame at the far end of the cantilever of the large cantilevered space grid structure; Step S23: Install the large cantilevered space grid structure: Connect one end of the upper chord of the space grid assembly to the upper end rod, and connect and fix the other end to the support member; connect one end of the lower chord of the space grid assembly to the lower end rod, and connect the lower chord to the lower part of the upper chord through the web member; connect the lower longitudinal beam to each of the lower chords; connect and fix both ends of the lower straight beam to the lower longitudinal beam and the support member respectively; Step S24: Tensioning the upper and lower cables: Install the upper prestressed cable on the upper chord, connect one end of each pair of main lower inclined cables to the lower end bar, and connect the other end to the lower chord at both ends of the lower longitudinal beam, and simultaneously tension the upper prestressed cable and the main lower inclined cable to the preset initial prestress. Step S25: Casting floor slabs: Cast floor slabs within the height range of the large cantilevered space grid structure, and construct the building surface layer and masonry walls on the floor slabs; Step S26: Set up a post-cast strip: Set up a post-cast strip within the length range of the upper chord and the lower chord of the large cantilevered spatial grid structure; Step S27, Remaining Individual Construction: Construction of the remaining building surface layers and masonry; Step S28: Fill and pour the post-cast strip floor slab.

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