An impulse voltage calibration device and method based on a multi-stage MARX discharge circuit

Abstract

This invention discloses an impulse voltage calibration device based on a multi-stage MARX discharge circuit. The module is used to set the load parameters and charging voltage parameters of the impulse voltage divider connected to the device. An FPGA timing control module triggers the charging control MOSFET switch in each stage of the multi-stage MARX circuit, and a DC charging module charges the multi-stage MARX circuit. Each stage of the multi-stage MARX circuit is connected in series with diodes, and each stage is charged in parallel with an energy storage capacitor. The FPGA timing control module sets the turn-on delay of the discharge-on MOSFET switch in each stage of the MARX circuit. A charging feedback module provides real-time feedback to the control module on the charging voltage of the energy storage capacitor in each stage of the MARX circuit. When the charging voltage reaches a preset threshold, based on the turn-on delay of the discharge-on MOSFET switch in each stage of the MARX circuit, the discharge-on MOSFET switch in each stage of the MARX circuit is triggered, and the multi-stage MARX circuit discharges simultaneously in series, resulting in an output voltage superimposed on the load via the impulse voltage divider.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrical measurement technology, and more specifically, to an impulse voltage calibration device and method based on a multi-stage MARX discharge circuit. Background Technology

[0002] Impulse voltage measuring devices are key measuring equipment for impulse voltage withstand tests on electrical equipment. Their accuracy directly affects the safety and economy of power equipment. An effective method to ensure the accuracy and consistency of measurement values ​​is traceability, which uses a continuous chain with specified uncertainty to trace measurement results back to national or international standards. In recent years, with the continuous development of metrology technology, the improvement of quality management systems, and the increasing export volume of measuring equipment from my country, enterprises and research institutes are paying more attention to the traceability of peak value and time parameters of impulse measuring equipment. This necessitates continuously improving the technical capabilities and level of my country's impulse voltage standard measuring devices.

[0003] The standard impulse voltage divider is a key device in the traceability of impulse voltage values. It serves as a reference standard, transmitting standard values ​​to various levels of impulse voltage measuring equipment. The traceability of the standard impulse voltage divider itself is achieved through an impulse voltage calibrator. The impulse voltage calibrator is a standard device that outputs accurate time and peak parameters. During impulse voltage value transmission, the impulse voltage calibrator outputs a standard voltage waveform to the impulse voltage divider. By comparing the measured waveform parameters of the impulse voltage divider with the input parameters of the impulse voltage calibrator, the calibration scale factor and time parameter error of the impulse voltage divider are obtained.

[0004] An impulse voltage calibrator typically includes a charging unit and a waveform forming circuit. To ensure the accuracy of charging and discharging, the calibrator circuit also includes a charging feedback module and a trigger module. Its waveform forming circuit generally includes an energy storage capacitor, a load capacitor, a wavefront resistor, a wave tail resistor, and a circuit discharge switch. To ensure the accuracy and stability of the impulse voltage calibrator's output voltage waveform, capacitors and resistors with small temperature coefficients and excellent long-term stability are usually selected, and relays with short conduction times (typically in the nanosecond range) and stable on-resistance are used as circuit switches. Before building the impulse voltage calibrator, it is necessary to select the components of the calibrator circuit with accurate parameters based on theoretical calculations, and to accurately measure the parameters of each component in the circuit to determine the actual output waveform parameters of the impulse voltage calibrator. Currently, mercury relays or MOSFETs are commonly used as the circuit discharge switch for impulse voltage calibrators. However, mercury relays are not environmentally friendly, while the switching voltage of a single-stage MOSFET is generally below 1kV. Using multiple MOSFETs in series can lead to inconsistent conduction. Therefore, the rated voltage of impulse voltage calibrators internationally is generally below 1kV. When using a 1kV impulse voltage calibrator to calibrate the parameters of impulse voltage dividers of 500kV and above, the voltage division ratio of the voltage divider is usually above 1000:1. At this time, the output voltage of the voltage divider is below 1V, and the calibration test results have problems such as low signal-to-noise ratio and low measurement accuracy. At the same time, the calibrated impulse voltage is too far from the rated voltage of the impulse voltage divider, and the calibration results cannot fully reflect the parameter characteristics of the impulse voltage divider under high voltage, affecting the measurement accuracy of the impulse voltage value.

[0005] The waveform forming circuit of commonly used impulse voltage calibrators in the prior art is a single-stage MARX discharge circuit. This circuit uses capacitors and resistors with low temperature coefficients and excellent long-term stability as its components, employing mercury relays or MOSFETs as the discharge switch. The output voltage typically does not exceed 1000V. However, when a mercury relay is used as the circuit switch, its rated voltage is only 500V, which is relatively low. Furthermore, due to environmental concerns, mercury relays are currently discontinued, making it impossible to repair or replace the calibrator if it fails. When a MOSFET is used as the discharge switch, the single-stage voltage does not exceed 1000V. Since the synchronous conduction triggering technology of multi-stage MOSFETs is currently not feasible, the maximum voltage of a single MOSFET in the impulse voltage calibrator can only reach 1000V, which cannot further increase the rated voltage level. This results in a low signal-to-noise ratio and inaccurate calibration results when calibrating the impulse voltage divider.

[0006] Therefore, a technology is needed to establish an impulse voltage calibration device based on a multi-stage MARX discharge circuit. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention provides an impulse voltage calibration device and method based on a multi-stage MARX discharge circuit to solve the problem of how to calibrate impulse voltage based on a multi-stage MARX discharge circuit.

[0008] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides an impulse voltage calibration device based on a multi-stage MARX discharge circuit. The device includes: a control module, a DC charging module, a multi-stage MARX circuit, a multi-stage MOSFET optocoupler isolation triggering module, an FPGA timing control module, and a charging feedback module.

[0009] The control module is used to set the load parameters of the impact voltage divider connected to the device, and to determine the charging voltage parameters of the DC charging module based on the load parameters.

[0010] Based on the charging voltage parameters, the charging control MOSFET switch in each stage of the multi-stage MARX circuit is triggered by the FPGA timing control module, and the DC charging module charges the multi-stage MARX circuit; each stage of the MARX circuit includes a wavefront resistor, an energy storage capacitor, a charging control MOSFET switch, a wave tail resistor, and a discharge conduction MOSFET switch connected in sequence.

[0011] The number of stages in the multi-stage MARX circuit is at least 2; each stage of the multi-stage MARX circuit is connected in series with diodes, and each stage of the MARX circuit is charged in parallel with energy storage capacitors.

[0012] The FPGA timing control module sets the turn-on delay of the discharge-on MOSFET switch in each MARX circuit.

[0013] The charging feedback module is used to provide real-time feedback to the control module on the charging voltage of the energy storage capacitor in each MARX circuit. When the charging voltage reaches a preset threshold, the discharge conduction MOSFET switch in each MARX circuit is triggered based on the conduction delay of the discharge conduction MOSFET switch in each MARX circuit. Multiple MARX circuits discharge in series simultaneously, and the output voltage is superimposed on the load through the impulse voltage divider.

[0014] Preferably, the number of stages in the multi-stage MARX circuit is set based on the required output voltage value.

[0015] Preferably, it includes: calculating a preset threshold for the charging voltage for each charge based on the load parameters of the load connected to the impact voltage divider and the efficiency value of the multi-stage MARX circuit.

[0016] Preferably, the discharge-on MOSFET switch in the first stage of the multi-stage MARX circuit is connected to the high-voltage side of the DC charging module, and the charging control MOSFET switch in the last stage of the multi-stage MARX circuit is connected to the low-voltage side of the DC charging module. The discharge-on MOSFET switches and charging control MOSFET switches of the remaining stages are initially at a floating potential.

[0017] Preferably, determining the turn-on delay of the discharge-on MOSFET switch in each MARX circuit stage includes:

[0018] Adjust the wavefront resistor and wavetail resistor in each stage of the MARX circuit to minimize the sum of the differences between the conduction time dispersion of each stage of the MARX circuit and the conduction time dispersion of the other stages of the MARX circuit.

[0019] Based on the conduction time dispersion of each MARX circuit, the FPGA timing control module sets the conduction delay of the discharge-on MOSFET switch in each MARX circuit, so that the conduction time difference of each MARX circuit is within a preset time difference threshold.

[0020] Preferably, it includes:

[0021] Adjust the wavefront resistor and wavetail resistor in each MARX circuit stage to output standard lightning impulse voltage and standard operating impulse voltage with various time parameters.

[0022] According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a method for calibrating impulse voltage based on the above-described apparatus, the method comprising:

[0023] The load parameters of the impact voltage divider connected to the device are set by the control module, and the charging voltage parameters of the DC charging module are determined based on the load parameters.

[0024] Based on the charging voltage parameters, the charging control MOSFET switch in each level of the multi-level MARX circuit is triggered by the FPGA timing control module, and the DC charging module charges the multi-level MARX circuit. Each level of the MARX circuit is charged in parallel through an energy storage capacitor.

[0025] The turn-on delay of the discharge-on MOSFET switch in each MARX circuit is set by the FPGA timing control module;

[0026] The charging feedback module provides real-time feedback to the control module on the charging voltage of the energy storage capacitor in each MARX circuit. When the charging voltage reaches a preset threshold, the discharge MOSFET switch in each MARX circuit is triggered based on the turn-on delay of the discharge MOSFET switch in each MARX circuit. Multiple MARX circuits discharge in series simultaneously, and the output voltage is superimposed on the load via an impulse voltage divider.

[0027] Preferably, the number of stages in the multi-stage MARX circuit is set based on the required output voltage value.

[0028] Preferably, it includes: calculating a preset threshold for the charging voltage for each charge based on the load parameters of the load connected to the impact voltage divider and the efficiency value of the multi-stage MARX circuit.

[0029] Preferably, the discharge-on MOSFET switch in the first stage of the multi-stage MARX circuit is connected to the high-voltage side of the DC charging module, and the charging control MOSFET switch in the last stage of the multi-stage MARX circuit is connected to the low-voltage side of the DC charging module. The discharge-on MOSFET switches and charging control MOSFET switches of the remaining stages are initially at a floating potential.

[0030] Preferably, determining the turn-on delay of the discharge-on MOSFET switch in each MARX circuit stage includes:

[0031] Adjust the wavefront resistor and wavetail resistor in each stage of the MARX circuit to minimize the sum of the differences between the conduction time dispersion of each stage of the MARX circuit and the conduction time dispersion of the other stages of the MARX circuit.

[0032] Based on the conduction time dispersion of each MARX circuit, the FPGA timing control module sets the conduction delay of the discharge-on MOSFET switch in each MARX circuit, so that the conduction time difference of each MARX circuit is within a preset time difference threshold.

[0033] Preferably, it includes:

[0034] Adjust the wavefront resistor and wavetail resistor in each MARX circuit stage to output standard lightning impulse voltage and standard operating impulse voltage with various time parameters.

[0035] According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program for executing a method for calibrating impulse voltage based on the above-described apparatus.

[0036] According to another aspect of the present invention, an electronic device is provided, the electronic device comprising: a processor and a memory; wherein,

[0037] The memory is used to store the processor-executable instructions;

[0038] The processor is configured to read the executable instructions from the memory and execute the instructions to implement the method for calibrating the impulse voltage described above.

[0039] This invention provides an impulse voltage calibration device and method based on a multi-stage MARX discharge circuit. The device includes: a control module, a DC charging module, a multi-stage MARX circuit, a multi-stage MOSFET optocoupler-isolated trigger module, an FPGA timing control module, and a charging feedback module. The control module sets the load parameters of the impulse voltage divider connected to the device and determines the charging voltage parameters of the DC charging module based on the load parameters. Based on the charging voltage parameters, the FPGA timing control module triggers the charging control MOSFET switches in each stage of the multi-stage MARX circuit to charge the circuit. Each stage of the MARX circuit includes a wavefront resistor, an energy storage capacitor, a charging control MOSFET switch, and a wave tail resistor connected sequentially. The system includes a discharge-on MOSFET switch; the multi-stage MARX circuit has at least two stages; each stage of the multi-stage MARX circuit is connected in series with a diode, and each stage of the MARX circuit is charged in parallel with an energy storage capacitor; the FPGA timing control module sets the turn-on delay of the discharge-on MOSFET switch in each stage of the MARX circuit; the charging feedback module is used to provide real-time feedback to the control module on the charging voltage of the energy storage capacitor in each stage of the MARX circuit. When the charging voltage reaches a preset threshold, the discharge-on MOSFET switch in each stage of the MARX circuit is triggered based on the turn-on delay of the discharge-on MOSFET switch in each stage of the MARX circuit, and the multi-stage MARX circuits discharge in series simultaneously, and the output voltage is superimposed on the load via an impulse voltage divider. The technical solution of this invention is based on existing voltage-level capacitors, resistors and MOSFET devices. By adjusting the composition structure of the impulse voltage calibrator, the output voltage of the impulse voltage calibrator is significantly improved. By optimizing the multi-stage MOSFET triggering method, the synchronous conduction of multiple MOSFET switches is ensured. Ultimately, the signal-to-noise ratio and reliability of the impulse voltage divider calibration test results are significantly improved, the measurement uncertainty of impulse voltage value traceability is reduced, and the technical level of my country's impulse voltage standard measurement system is improved. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Exemplary embodiments of the present invention can be more fully understood by referring to the following figures:

[0041] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of an impulse voltage calibration device based on a multi-stage MARX discharge circuit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of a multi-stage MARX forming loop according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of a method for a calibration device based on impulse voltage according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0044] Exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. These embodiments are provided to fully and completely disclose the invention and to fully convey its scope to those skilled in the art. The terminology used in the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings is not intended to limit the invention. In the drawings, the same units / elements are referred to by the same reference numerals.

[0045] Unless otherwise stated, the terms used herein (including technical terms) have their common meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, it is understood that terms defined in commonly used dictionaries should be understood to have a meaning consistent with the context of their relevant field, and not to be interpreted as having an idealized or overly formal meaning.

[0046] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an impulse voltage calibration device based on a multi-stage MARX discharge circuit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. To further improve the output voltage of the impulse voltage calibrator and ensure the accuracy of calibration factors for standard measuring equipment such as impulse voltage dividers and impulse digital recorders, this invention proposes an impulse voltage calibrator with a higher voltage level based on a multi-stage MARX discharge circuit. This primarily addresses the problem of synchronous triggering of multiple MOSFET switches, and based on this, a method for implementing the impulse voltage calibrator is proposed. Among MOSFET switches of the same type, the conduction delay varies due to differences in the junction capacitance Ce of each MOSFET chip. When multiple MOSFETs are connected in series, if some MOSFET switches conduct first, the MOSFETs that conduct later will bear the voltage of the entire circuit, potentially causing damage to the later-conducting MOSFETs. The entire impulse voltage calibrator circuit will then malfunction. The consistency of conduction of multiple MOSFETs is a prerequisite for ensuring the normal operation of the multi-stage MARX circuit.

[0047] This invention is based on existing voltage-level capacitors, resistors, and MOSFET devices. By adjusting the composition structure of the impulse voltage calibrator, the output voltage of the impulse voltage calibrator is significantly increased. By optimizing the multi-stage MOSFET triggering method, the synchronous conduction of multiple MOSFET switches is ensured. Ultimately, the signal-to-noise ratio and reliability of the impulse voltage divider calibration test results are significantly improved, the measurement uncertainty of impulse voltage value traceability is reduced, and the technical level of the impulse voltage standard measurement system is improved.

[0048] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides an impulse voltage calibration device based on a multi-stage MARX discharge circuit. The device includes: a control module, a DC charging module, a multi-stage MARX circuit, a multi-stage MOSFET optocoupler isolation trigger module, an FPGA timing control module, and a charging feedback module.

[0049] The present invention provides an impulse voltage calibration device based on a multi-stage MARX discharge circuit structure, including a DC charging module, a multi-stage MARX discharge forming circuit, a multi-stage MOSFET optocoupler isolation triggering module, an FPGA timing control module, a charge and discharge control module, and a charging feedback module.

[0050] The control module is used to set the load parameters of the impact voltage divider connected to the device, and based on the load parameters, determine the charging voltage parameters of the DC charging module.

[0051] To ensure the accuracy and stability of the charging voltage in the impulse voltage calibrator, the DC charging unit in the calibrator uses a high-stability programmable DC voltage source, which is connected to the charging control unit in the PC via GPIB / USB / WLAN. The charging control unit allows setting the load parameters of the impulse voltage divider connected to the impulse voltage calibrator and accurately calculating the loop efficiency value when the calibrator is connected to a load, thereby accurately calculating the charging voltage value for each cycle.

[0052] Based on the charging voltage parameters, the charging control MOSFET switch in each stage of the multi-stage MARX circuit is triggered by the FPGA timing control module, and the DC charging module charges the multi-stage MARX circuit. Each stage of the MARX circuit includes a wavefront resistor, an energy storage capacitor, a charging control MOSFET switch, a wave tail resistor, and a discharge conduction MOSFET switch connected in sequence.

[0053] The number of stages in a multi-stage MARX circuit is at least 2; each stage of the multi-stage MARX circuit is connected in series with a diode, and each stage of the MARX circuit is charged in parallel with an energy storage capacitor;

[0054] like Figure 2As shown, the multi-stage MARX discharge circuits in this invention are connected in series with diodes. The diodes ensure that the circuit capacitors of the multi-stage MARX circuits are charged in parallel. Each single-stage MARX forming circuit includes two MOSFET switches. MOSFET n-1 serves as the discharge switch in the forming circuit, while switch n-2 is turned on during charging, ensuring parallel charging of each forming circuit. When charging is complete, switch n-2 is turned off, simultaneously triggering switch n-1 to conduct and discharge, thus achieving series discharge in the multi-stage MARX forming circuit and series output of the multi-stage MARX circuit's output voltage. The circuit devices in each stage of the multi-stage MARX discharge circuit are 1kV. The final high-voltage level (≥10kV) standard impulse voltage output is achieved through the superposition of multiple MARX discharge circuits. This invention uses a 10-stage MARX discharge circuit superimposed to output a 10kV impulse voltage as an example, but the invention is not limited to this. For example, a 5-stage MARX discharge circuit superimposed can output a 5kV impulse voltage; or a 100-stage MARX discharge circuit superimposed can output a 100kV impulse voltage.

[0055] The MARX discharge forming circuits of this invention include charging resistors R at each stage. d Energy storage capacitor C n MOSFET switch, wavefront resistor R f The output voltage of the impulse voltage calibrator can be flexibly changed by adjusting the number of stages in the MARX discharge circuit. The rated voltage of the circuit capacitors, resistors, and MOSFET switching devices in a single-stage MARX generator is 1kV. Compared with a single-stage discharge circuit, using a multi-stage MARX discharge circuit in parallel charging and series discharging can form a standard impulse voltage waveform higher than 10kV. This can reduce the rated voltage of the capacitors and resistors in each stage of the MARX circuit and make it easier to select circuit components with suitable parameters.

[0056] In this invention, each stage of the MARX discharge circuit includes an energy storage capacitor, a MOSFET discharge switch (n-1), a MOSFET charging control switch (n-2), and a wavefront resistor R. f Wave tail resistance R e The rated voltage of the loop capacitor, resistor and MOSFET switching device in the single-stage MARX generator is 1kV. Compared with the single-stage discharge circuit, the multi-stage MARX discharge circuit is used to form a standard impulse voltage waveform of not less than 10kV by parallel charging and series discharging.

[0057] When the DC charging module of the present invention charges the energy storage capacitor in the circuit forming the impulse voltage MARX of each stage through the diode, the charging feedback unit is connected in parallel with the energy storage capacitor to provide real-time feedback on the charging voltage of the energy storage capacitor. When the charging control unit in the PC detects that the charging value of the energy storage capacitor at each stage reaches the expected set value, the charging and discharging control module sends a command to the trigger module. After the switch is triggered and turned on, the circuit discharge is completed, and a 10kV impulse voltage standard waveform is formed on the load.

[0058] In this invention, the MARX discharge circuits at each stage are connected in series with diodes, which ensures that the energy storage capacitors in the multi-stage MARX forming circuit can be charged in parallel before the MOSFET switch is turned on. In each stage of the MARX forming circuit, a charging control MOSFET switch is set, which ensures that the discharge voltages formed by each stage of the circuit can be superimposed step by step after the MOSFET discharge switch is turned on.

[0059] The FPGA timing control module sets the turn-on delay of the discharge-on MOSFET switch in each MARX circuit stage;

[0060] Preferably, determining the turn-on delay of the discharge-on MOSFET switch in each MARX circuit stage includes:

[0061] Adjust the wavefront resistor and wavetail resistor in each stage of the MARX circuit to minimize the sum of the differences between the conduction time dispersion of each stage of the MARX circuit and the conduction time dispersion of the other stages of the MARX circuit.

[0062] Based on the conduction time dispersion of each MARX circuit, the conduction delay of the discharge-conducting MOSFET switch in each MARX circuit is set by the FPGA timing control module, so that the conduction time difference of each MARX circuit is within the preset time difference threshold.

[0063] To ensure synchronous triggering of MOSFET switches in a multi-stage MARX circuit, the conduction time of each MOSFET switch should be measured separately before the circuit is built. If the reference conduction time is T0, the actual conduction time of each MOSFET switch is T0 + Δt. i , where △t i To mitigate the conduction time dispersion of each MOSFET switch over its basic conduction time, and to eliminate this dispersion in the MARX forming circuit, R is fine-tuned in each stage of the MARX circuit. e and R f The resistor, by adjusting the RC product (R) in each stage of the circuit, fi +R ei )×C eiParameters are used to adjust the consistency of the conduction time of each MOSFET stage, in order to achieve the Δt of each MOSFET switch. i Consistency.

[0064] To further ensure the consistency of the conduction of multi-stage MOSFET discharge switches, this invention incorporates an FPGA delay triggering module to optimize the triggering consistency of the multi-stage MOSFET switches. The FPGA control module is configured with corresponding conduction delays for each stage of the MOSFET switch to compensate for the Δt values ​​of different MOSFET discharge switches. i Ultimately, the actual conduction time difference of the multi-stage MOSFETs is less than 1ns, ensuring the conduction consistency of the multi-stage MARX discharge circuit.

[0065] The charging feedback module is used to provide real-time feedback to the control module on the charging voltage of the energy storage capacitor in each MARX circuit. When the charging voltage reaches the preset threshold, the discharge conduction MOSFET switch in each MARX circuit is triggered based on the conduction delay of the discharge conduction MOSFET switch in each MARX circuit. Multiple MARX circuits discharge in series simultaneously, and the output voltage is superimposed on the load through the impulse voltage divider.

[0066] When the DC charging module of the present invention charges the energy storage capacitor in the circuit forming the MARX of each stage of impulse voltage through the diode, the charging feedback unit is connected in parallel with the energy storage capacitor. When the charging value of each stage of energy storage capacitor reaches the expected set value, the charging completion signal is fed back to the charging and discharging control module. The charging and discharging control module sends a command to the trigger module. After the switch is triggered and turned on, the circuit discharge is completed, and a high-voltage impulse voltage standard waveform is formed on the load.

[0067] Preferably, it includes: calculating a preset threshold for the charging voltage for each charge based on the load parameters of the load connected to the impact voltage divider and the efficiency value of the multi-stage MARX circuit.

[0068] Preferably, the number of stages in the multi-stage MARX circuit is set based on the required output voltage value.

[0069] Preferably, the discharge-on MOSFET switch in the first stage of the multi-stage MARX circuit is connected to the high-voltage side of the DC charging module, and the charging control MOSFET switch in the last stage of the multi-stage MARX circuit is connected to the low-voltage side of the DC charging module. The discharge-on MOSFET switches and charging control MOSFET switches of the remaining stages are initially at a floating potential.

[0070] In the impulse voltage calibration device based on a multi-stage MARX circuit provided by this invention, the MOSFET in the first stage circuit is connected to the high-voltage terminal, and the low-voltage terminal of the MOSFET switch in the last stage circuit is connected to the ground terminal. The MOSFET switches in the remaining stages are all at a floating potential before conduction. Ordinary electrical signals cannot trigger the conduction of the multi-stage MOSFET switches at the floating potential. To ensure the safe and reliable triggering of the multi-stage MOSFETs, this invention uses an optocoupler isolation module to trigger the MOSFET switches in each discharge circuit. The optocoupler isolation module can convert the electrical trigger signal into an optical trigger signal, wherein the transmission timing and timing control of the optical trigger signal are determined by the timing control in the FPGA.

[0071] To ensure the safe and reliable triggering of multi-stage MOSFETs, an optocoupler isolation module is used to trigger the MOSFET switches. In each stage of the discharge circuit, the discharge-conducting MOSFET in the first stage is connected to the high-voltage terminal, and the charging control MOSFET switch in the nth stage is connected to the ground terminal. Except for the low-voltage terminal of the MOSFET in the nth stage, which is connected to the ground potential, the MOSFET switches in the other stages are all at a floating potential before conduction. Ordinary electrical signal triggering cannot achieve conduction triggering of floating potential switches. The optocoupler isolation module can convert the electrical trigger signal into an optical trigger signal, thereby ensuring the synchronous conduction of floating potential MOSFET switches in each stage.

[0072] To ensure synchronous triggering of MOSFET switches in a multi-stage MARX circuit, the present invention requires prior measurement of the conduction time of the MOSFET discharge switches in each stage of the MARX forming circuit. Based on the differences in the conduction time of each MOSFET, Rei and R are optimized and adjusted in each stage of the circuit. fi The resistance value is adjusted by modifying the RC product parameter to ensure consistency in the conduction time of each MOSFET stage. Simultaneously, an FPGA delay control module is implemented to further optimize the consistency of multi-stage MOSFET switching triggering. Different conduction delays for each MOSFET stage are configured within the FPGA control module to ensure that the actual conduction time difference of the MOSFETs in the final n-stage discharge circuit is <1ns.

[0073] Preferably, it includes: adjusting the wavefront resistor and wavetail resistor in each MARX circuit to output standard lightning impulse voltage and standard operating impulse voltage with multiple time parameters.

[0074] Compared to traditional impulse voltage calibrators, the impulse voltage calibration device proposed in this invention significantly improves the peak output voltage. By adopting a multi-stage MARX circuit parallel charging and series discharging method, the overall peak output of the impulse voltage calibrator is improved without increasing the rated voltage level of the components in a single-stage discharge circuit.

[0075] This invention ensures parallel charging and series discharging of multiple MARX circuits by setting charging diodes between each MARX discharge circuit and setting a discharge conduction MOSFET and a charging control MOSFET in each discharge circuit, ultimately achieving high voltage output by superimposing multiple impulse voltages.

[0076] This invention uses an optocoupler trigger module to trigger multi-stage series MOSFETs, which solves the problem of safe and reliable triggering of multi-stage MOSFET switches that are at a floating high potential, and safely isolates the floating high potential of the discharge circuit from the low potential of the primary trigger circuit.

[0077] This invention solves the problem of consistent conduction of multi-stage MOSFETs: by measuring the difference in conduction time of each MOSFET in advance, firstly by adjusting the series resistance value of the discharge switch in each stage circuit to reduce the conduction time constant of each stage discharge circuit; secondly, by setting the corresponding conduction delay of each stage in the FPGA control module, the difference in conduction time of multi-stage MOSFETs is less than 1ns.

[0078] This invention allows for flexible adjustment of the rated voltage output of the impulse voltage generator by flexibly changing the number of stages in the MARX forming circuit.

[0079] This invention allows the impulse voltage calibrator to output standard voltage waveforms with different time parameters, such as standard lightning full wave and standard operating wave, by adjusting the values ​​of the circuit energy storage capacitor, load capacitor, wavefront resistor, and wavetail resistor. This enables accurate calibration of the impulse voltage divider's value under different waveforms.

[0080] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of a method for a calibration device based on impulse voltage according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0081] like Figure 3 As shown, the present invention provides a method for calibrating impulse voltage based on the above-mentioned device, the method comprising:

[0082] Step 301: Set the load parameters of the impact voltage divider connected to the device through the control module, and determine the charging voltage parameters of the DC charging module based on the load parameters;

[0083] Step 302: Based on the charging voltage parameters, the charging control MOSFET switch in each level of the multi-level MARX circuit is triggered by the FPGA timing control module. The DC charging module charges the multi-level MARX circuit, and each level of the MARX circuit is charged in parallel through the energy storage capacitor.

[0084] Step 303: Set the turn-on delay of the discharge-on MOSFET switch in each MARX circuit through the FPGA timing control module;

[0085] Step 304: The charging feedback module provides real-time feedback to the control module on the charging voltage of the energy storage capacitor in each MARX circuit. When the charging voltage reaches the preset threshold, the discharge conduction MOSFET switch in each MARX circuit is triggered based on the conduction delay of the discharge conduction MOSFET switch in each MARX circuit. Multiple MARX circuits discharge in series simultaneously, and the output voltage is superimposed on the load through the impulse voltage divider.

[0086] Preferably, the number of stages in the multi-stage MARX circuit is set based on the required output voltage value.

[0087] Preferably, a preset threshold for the charging voltage is calculated based on the load parameters of the load connected to the impact voltage divider and the efficiency value of the multi-stage MARX circuit.

[0088] Preferably, the discharge-on MOSFET switch in the first stage of the multi-stage MARX circuit is connected to the high-voltage side of the DC charging module, and the charging control MOSFET switch in the last stage of the multi-stage MARX circuit is connected to the low-voltage side of the DC charging module. The discharge-on MOSFET switches and charging control MOSFET switches of the remaining stages are initially at a floating potential.

[0089] Preferably, determining the turn-on delay of the discharge-on MOSFET switch in each MARX circuit stage includes:

[0090] Adjust the wavefront resistor and wavetail resistor in each stage of the MARX circuit to minimize the sum of the differences between the conduction time dispersion of each stage of the MARX circuit and the conduction time dispersion of the other stages of the MARX circuit.

[0091] Based on the conduction time dispersion of each MARX circuit, the conduction delay of the discharge-conducting MOSFET switch in each MARX circuit is set by the FPGA timing control module, so that the conduction time difference of each MARX circuit is within the preset time difference threshold.

[0092] Preferably, by adjusting the wavefront resistor and wavetail resistor in each MARX circuit, standard lightning impulse voltage and standard operating impulse voltage with multiple time parameters are output.

[0093] The present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for executing a method for calibrating impulse voltage based on the above-described device.

[0094] This invention provides an electronic device, which includes: a processor and a memory; wherein,

[0095] Memory, used to store processor-executable instructions;

[0096] A processor is configured to read executable instructions from memory and execute the instructions to implement a method for calibrating impulse voltage based on the aforementioned apparatus.

[0097] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code. The solutions in the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented using various computer languages, such as the object-oriented programming language Java and the interpreted scripting language JavaScript.

[0098] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0099] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0100] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0101] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.

[0102] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

[0103] The invention has been described with reference to a few embodiments. However, as will be known to those skilled in the art, and as defined in the appended claims, other embodiments besides those disclosed above fall equivalently within the scope of the invention.

[0104] Generally, all terms used in the claims are to be interpreted according to their ordinary meaning in the art, unless otherwise expressly defined herein. All references to “a / the / the [device, component, etc.]” ​​are openly interpreted as at least one instance of said device, component, etc., unless otherwise expressly stated. The steps of any method disclosed herein need not be performed in the exact order disclosed unless explicitly stated otherwise.

Claims

1. An impulse voltage calibration device based on a multi-stage MARX discharge circuit, the device comprising: Control module, DC charging module, multi-level MARX circuit, multi-level MOSFET optocoupler isolation trigger module, FPGA timing control module, charging feedback module; The control module is used to set the load parameters of the impact voltage divider connected to the device, and to determine the charging voltage parameters of the DC charging module based on the load parameters. Based on the charging voltage parameters, the charging control MOSFET switch in each stage of the multi-stage MARX circuit is triggered by the FPGA timing control module, and the DC charging module charges the multi-stage MARX circuit; each stage of the MARX circuit includes a wavefront resistor, an energy storage capacitor, a charging control MOSFET switch, a wave tail resistor, and a discharge conduction MOSFET switch connected in sequence. The number of stages in the multi-stage MARX circuit is at least 2; each stage of the multi-stage MARX circuit is connected in series with diodes, and each stage of the MARX circuit is charged in parallel with energy storage capacitors. The FPGA timing control module sets the turn-on delay of the discharge-on MOSFET switch in each MARX circuit. The charging feedback module is used to provide real-time feedback to the control module on the charging voltage of the energy storage capacitor in each MARX circuit. When the charging voltage reaches a preset threshold, the discharge conduction MOSFET switch in each MARX circuit is triggered based on the conduction delay of the discharge conduction MOSFET switch in each MARX circuit. Multiple MARX circuits discharge in series simultaneously, and the output voltage is superimposed on the load through the impulse voltage divider. Determine the turn-on delay of the discharge-on MOSFET switch in each stage of the MARX loop, including: Adjust the wavefront resistor and wavetail resistor in each stage of the MARX circuit to minimize the sum of the differences between the conduction time dispersion of each stage of the MARX circuit and the conduction time dispersion of the other stages of the MARX circuit. Based on the conduction time dispersion of each MARX circuit, the FPGA timing control module sets the conduction delay of the discharge-on MOSFET switch in each MARX circuit, so that the conduction time difference of each MARX circuit is within a preset time difference threshold.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the number of stages of the multi-stage MARX circuit is set based on the required output voltage value.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, comprising: Based on the load parameters of the load connected to the impact voltage divider and the efficiency value of the multi-stage MARX circuit, a preset threshold for the charging voltage is calculated.

4. In the device according to claim 1, the discharge-on MOSFET switch in the first stage MARX circuit of the multi-stage MARX circuit is connected to the high-voltage terminal of the DC charging module, the charging control MOSFET switch in the last stage MARX circuit of the multi-stage MARX circuit is connected to the low-voltage terminal of the DC charging module, and the discharge-on MOSFET switches and charging control MOSFET switches of the remaining stages are initially at a floating potential.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, comprising: Adjust the wavefront resistor and wavetail resistor in each MARX circuit stage to output standard lightning impulse voltage and standard operating impulse voltage with various time parameters.

6. A method for calibrating impulse voltage based on the device of claim 1, the method comprising: The load parameters of the impact voltage divider connected to the device are set by the control module, and the charging voltage parameters of the DC charging module are determined based on the load parameters. Based on the charging voltage parameters, the charging control MOSFET switch in each level of the multi-level MARX circuit is triggered by the FPGA timing control module, and the DC charging module charges the multi-level MARX circuit. Each level of the MARX circuit is charged in parallel through an energy storage capacitor. The turn-on delay of the discharge-on MOSFET switch in each MARX circuit is set by the FPGA timing control module; The charging feedback module provides real-time feedback to the control module on the charging voltage of the energy storage capacitor in each MARX circuit stage. When the charging voltage reaches a preset threshold, based on the turn-on delay of the discharge-on MOSFET switch in each MARX circuit stage, the discharge-on MOSFET switch in each MARX circuit stage is triggered, and multiple MARX circuit stages discharge simultaneously in series, with the output voltage superimposed on the load via an impulse voltage divider. Determining the turn-on delay of the discharge-on MOSFET switch in each MARX circuit stage includes: Adjust the wavefront resistor and wavetail resistor in each stage of the MARX circuit to minimize the sum of the differences between the conduction time dispersion of each stage of the MARX circuit and the conduction time dispersion of the other stages of the MARX circuit. Based on the conduction time dispersion of each MARX circuit, the FPGA timing control module sets the conduction delay of the discharge-on MOSFET switch in each MARX circuit, so that the conduction time difference of each MARX circuit is within a preset time difference threshold.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the number of stages of the multi-stage MARX circuit is set based on the required value of the output voltage.

8. The method of claim 6, comprising: Based on the load parameters of the load connected to the impact voltage divider and the efficiency value of the multi-stage MARX circuit, the preset threshold of the charging voltage for each charging cycle is calculated.

9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the discharge-on MOSFET switch in the first stage MARX circuit of the multi-stage MARX circuit is connected to the high-voltage terminal of the DC charging module, the charging control MOSFET switch in the last stage MARX circuit of the multi-stage MARX circuit is connected to the low-voltage terminal of the DC charging module, and the discharge-on MOSFET switches and charging control MOSFET switches of the remaining stages are initially at a floating potential.

10. The method of claim 6, comprising: Adjust the wavefront resistor and wavetail resistor in each MARX circuit stage to output standard lightning impulse voltage and standard operating impulse voltage with various time parameters.

11. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program for performing the method of any one of claims 6-10.

12. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes: a processor and a memory; in, The memory is used to store the processor-executable instructions; The processor is configured to read the executable instructions from the memory and execute the instructions to implement the method of any one of claims 6-10.

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