Friction type variable gap classifier

Abstract

The present invention discloses a friction-type variable-gap classifier, comprising a frame, a classifying assembly, a resistance assembly and a hopper; the classifying assembly comprises a driving wheel, a driven wheel, an elastic rope and a classifying plate, the elastic rope being connected end to end and wound around the driving wheel and the driven wheel, a plurality of classifying plates being fixed on the elastic rope, the resistance assembly comprising a first friction plate and a second friction plate, a first friction plate being fixed at the bottom of each classifying plate, the second friction plate being mounted on the frame, and when the classifying plate moves at the second friction plate, the second friction plate contacts the first friction plate; the hopper is located above the classifying plate; the present invention utilizes a resistance assembly with friction plates in conjunction with the elastic rope to achieve gap control of the classifying plate, so that the gap size of the classifying plate is positively correlated with the resistance of the classifying plate, and the user can control the gap by himself according to the needs of the product to be classified, thereby making the classifier more applicable and achieving a better classifying effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of mechanical equipment, and in particular to a variable gap classifier. Background Art

[0002] A grader refers to a device used in the agricultural field to size-grade agricultural products. Its main function is to screen and classify agricultural products (such as beans, blueberries, tea leaves, etc.) according to their size. There are many types of graders in the prior art. For example, the Chinese patent application with application number 202010811541.8, "A fresh tea leaf grader that prevents damage and reddening," discloses a grader comprising a casing, a screening conveyor mechanism, and a drop hopper. The grader uses a conveyor belt with a gradually changing width to achieve tea screening. Its defect is that the width of the gap between the conveyor belts for screening tea leaves is fixed. When the gap cannot be adjusted, the entire device can only be used for tea grading and cannot be applied to other crops. Its scope of application is narrow. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a classifier with a variable gap function.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: a variable gap classifier, comprising a frame, a grading component, a resistance component and a hopper;

[0005] The grading assembly includes a driving wheel, a driven wheel, an elastic rope, and a grading plate. The driving wheel and the driven wheel are both mounted on a frame. The elastic rope is connected end to end and wound around the driving wheel and the driven wheel. A plurality of grading plates are fixed on the elastic rope. The grading plates are covered with elastic ropes, and adjacent grading plates are in contact with each other. When the driving wheel drives the elastic ropes and the grading plates to move, the resistance assembly provides resistance to the grading plates. When the movement of the grading plates is blocked, the elastic ropes are stretched, thereby generating gaps between adjacent grading plates.

[0006] Because the grading plates are distributed along the length of the elastic rope, when multiple grading plates are subjected to resistance, different areas of the elastic rope are subjected to different tensions from the grading plates. The elastic rope area closer to the driving wheel is subjected to greater tension. The different tensions cause different areas of the elastic rope to stretch differently, which in turn leads to different gaps between the grading plates in different areas of the elastic rope. The different gaps are used to screen agricultural products of different sizes.

[0007] The resistance assembly is used to provide resistance to the grading plate, and includes a first friction plate and a second friction plate. A first friction plate is fixed to the bottom of each grading plate, and the second friction plate is installed on the frame. When the grading plate moves at the second friction plate, the second friction plate contacts the first friction plate, and the friction between the second friction plate and the first friction plate provides resistance to the grading plate.

[0008] The hopper is located above the grading plate, and the materials to be graded, such as agricultural products, enter the grading plate from the hopper.

[0009] Furthermore, the resistance assembly further includes a mounting plate, a movable rod, and a first spring. The mounting plate is fixed to the bottom of the grading plate. One end of the movable rod passes through the mounting plate and is installed with a nut. The other end is installed with the first friction plate. The first spring is sleeved on the movable rod. The first spring provides positive pressure between the first friction plate and the second friction plate. By adjusting the movable rod to change the initial compression of the first spring, the positive pressure of the first friction plate and the second friction plate can be changed, thereby changing the friction force of the first friction plate and the second friction plate. The friction force is positively correlated with the gap between the grading plates. By adjusting the friction force, the gap between the grading plates can be adjusted.

[0010] When the second friction plate is parallel to the elastic rope, the friction force between the second friction plate and all the first friction plates is the same, and the gap size of the grading plates along the length direction of the elastic rope changes evenly (in an arithmetic progression); in order to achieve a more complex gap change pattern of the grading plates to meet more needs, the friction resistance assembly of the present invention also includes a plurality of linear drives mounted side by side on the frame, the linear drives are electric push rods or hydraulic cylinders, and the telescopic rods of the linear drives are hinged to the second friction plates; by adjusting the telescopic amount of the telescopic rods of different linear drives, the posture of the second friction plate can be changed, so that the second friction plate forms an angle with the elastic rope, so that the friction force between the second friction plate and the first friction plates at different positions is different.

[0011] In order to facilitate the contact between the first friction plate and the second friction plate, both ends of the second friction plate have arc-shaped bends.

[0012] In order to facilitate the pre-storage of agricultural products to be graded between the grading plates, the cross-section of the grading plates is triangular, and V-shaped recesses are formed between adjacent grading plates to accommodate the agricultural products to be graded.

[0013] Generally, when agricultural products just fall onto the grading plates, users hope that the grading plates are in a gap-free state; however, in the process of the elastic rope being pulled by the driving wheel, the elastic rope itself is more likely to produce a small elongation, which in turn causes a small uncontrollable gap between the grading plates; for this reason, the present invention sets a suitable pre-tightening force between adjacent grading plates, specifically: the grading assembly also includes a second spring, a pre-tightening column is provided at the bottom of the grading plate, and a second spring is provided between all adjacent grading plates, and both ends of the second spring are connected to the pre-tightening columns of adjacent grading plates; the second spring provides pre-tightening force for adjacent grading plates to ensure that no gap is generated in the grading plates before being subjected to resistance.

[0014] Agricultural products of different sizes will fall into the gaps between the corresponding grading plates. In order to achieve classified collection, the present invention also includes a grading curtain and a conveyor belt. Multiple grading curtains are arranged below the grading plates, and the bottoms of the grading curtains are A-shaped. The conveyor belt is arranged below the grading curtains; the grading curtains gather together agricultural products within a certain size range, and the conveyor belt transports the gathered and classified agricultural products away.

[0015] When agricultural products enter the grading plate, accumulation is inevitable. In order to prevent agricultural products from being blocked in the gaps of the grading plate, the present invention also includes a material digging device, which includes a movable shaft, a brush roller and a gate frame. The gate frame is fixed to the frame, and the movable shaft is installed on the gate frame. The movable shaft is parallel to the grading plate, and the brush roller is installed on the movable shaft; the movable shaft can move back and forth along its own axial direction, thereby driving the brush roller to move back and forth along the length direction of the grading plate, so that the agricultural products are distributed more evenly between the grading plates, avoiding blockage.

[0016] The movable shaft needs to be equipped with a corresponding power mechanism to make it move back and forth. The specific structure adopted by the present invention is: the material-discharging device also includes a motor, an eccentric wheel and a connecting rod. The motor drives the eccentric wheel to rotate. One end of the connecting rod is hinged to the eccentric wheel, and the other end is hinged to the movable shaft.

[0017] Since the grading plate is always in a moving state, in order to prevent the brush roller from hindering the movement of the grading plate, a bearing is provided between the brush roller and the moving shaft, and the brush roller can rotate around the moving shaft.

[0018] After the resistance assembly applies resistance to the grading plate, the elastic rope becomes longer as a whole. In order to prevent the elastic rope from becoming loose between the driving wheel and the driven wheel, the grading assembly also includes a tensioning wheel assembly, and the elastic rope is wound around the driving wheel, the driven wheel and the tensioning wheel; specifically, the tensioning wheel assembly includes a tensioning wheel, a tensioning shaft, a tensioning rod and a third spring, the tensioning wheel is installed on the tensioning shaft, one end of the tensioning rod is hinged to the tensioning shaft, and the other end is inserted into the frame, and the third spring is sleeved on the tensioning rod.

[0019] Beneficial effects: (1) The friction-type variable gap classifier of the present invention utilizes a resistance assembly with a friction plate in conjunction with an elastic rope to achieve gap control of the grading plate, so that the gap size of the grading plate is positively correlated with the resistance of the grading plate. Users can control the gap according to the needs of the products to be graded, making the grading machine more applicable and having a better grading effect. (2) The friction-type variable gap classifier of the present invention uses multiple linear drives to hinge the second friction plate, so that the angle of the second friction plate can be adjusted. The inclined second friction plate causes different grading plates to be subjected to different resistances, and the gap change rules of the grading plates are more diverse, which can meet more needs. (3) The friction-type variable gap classifier of the present invention provides pre-tightening between the grading plates, so that the grading plates will not produce unnecessary gaps before being subjected to resistance, thereby improving the reliability of the equipment. (4) The friction-type variable gap classifier of the present invention uses a rotatable brush roller to move back and forth along the length direction of the grading plate, so that the agricultural products are evenly distributed between the grading plates, avoiding accumulation and blockage of agricultural products. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the friction type variable gap classifier of Example 1.

[0021] Figure 2 It is a front view of the friction type variable gap classifier of Example 1.

[0022] Figure 3 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the grading component in Example 1.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a front view of the hierarchical component in Example 1.

[0024] Figure 5 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the driving wheel, part of the grading plate and the resistance assembly in Example 1.

[0025] Figure 6 It is a three-dimensional diagram of part of the grading plate, resistance assembly and elastic rope in Example 1.

[0026] Figure 7 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the second friction plate and the linear drive in Example 1.

[0027] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 Top view of .

[0028] Figure 9 3D diagram of the grading assembly, grading curtain and conveyor belt in Example 1 (part of the grading plate is hidden).

[0029] Figure 10 It is a three-dimensional diagram of the material-dispensing device in Example 1.

[0030] Among them: 100, frame; 200, grading assembly; 210, driving wheel; 220, driven wheel; 230, elastic rope; 240, grading plate; 241, pre-tightening column; 250, tensioning wheel assembly; 251, tensioning wheel; 252, tensioning shaft; 253, tensioning rod; 254, third spring; 260, second spring; 300, resistance assembly; 310, first friction plate; 320, second friction plate; 330, mounting plate; 340, moving rod; 350, first spring; 360, linear drive; 400, grading curtain; 500, conveyor belt; 600, material dispensing device; 610, moving shaft; 620, brush roller; 630, door frame; 640, motor; 650, eccentric wheel; 660, connecting rod; 700, hopper. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the friction type variable gap classifier of this embodiment includes a frame 100, a grading assembly 200, a resistance assembly 300, a grading curtain 400, a conveyor belt 500, a material diverting device 600 and a hopper 700;

[0034] like Figures 3 to 6 As shown, the grading assembly 200 includes a driving wheel 210, a driven wheel 220, an elastic rope 230, a grading plate 240, a tensioning wheel assembly 250 and a second spring 260. The driving wheel 210 and the driven wheel 220 are all mounted on the frame 100. The tensioning wheel assembly 250 includes a tensioning wheel 251, a tensioning shaft 252, a tensioning rod 253 and a third spring 254. The tensioning wheel 251 is mounted on the tensioning shaft 252. One end of the tensioning rod 253 is hinged to the tensioning shaft 252, and the other end is inserted into the frame 100. The third spring 254 is sleeved on the tensioning rod 253. The elastic rope 230 is connected end to end and wound around the driving wheel 210, the driven wheel 220 and the tensioning wheel 251.

[0035] The cross-section of the grading plates 240 is triangular, and the entire elastic rope 230 is spread over the adjacent grading plates 240. A pre-tightening column 241 is provided at the bottom of each grading plate 240. A second spring 260 is provided between all adjacent grading plates 240. The two ends of the second spring 260 are connected to the pre-tightening columns 241 of adjacent grading plates 240. The second spring 260 provides pre-tightening force for the adjacent grading plates 240.

[0036] like Figures 5 to 8 As shown, the resistance assembly 300 includes a first friction plate 310, a second friction plate 320, a mounting plate 330, a moving rod 340, a first spring 350 and a linear actuator 360. Figure 6 As shown, a mounting plate 330 is fixed to the bottom of each grading plate 240, one end of the moving rod 340 passes through the mounting plate 330 and is installed with a nut, and the other end is installed with the first friction plate 310, and the first spring 350 is sleeved on the moving rod 340. The first friction plate 310 and the moving rod 340 can compress the first spring 350 and move along the length direction of the moving rod 340;

[0037] Three linear drives 360 are mounted side by side on the frame 100, as shown in FIG. Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the telescopic rod of the linear actuator 360 is hinged to the second friction plate 320;

[0038] like Figure 2 and Figure 9 As shown, three grading curtains 400 are arranged below the grading plates 240. The bottom of the grading curtains 400 is A-shaped, and a conveyor belt 500 is arranged below the grading curtains 400. The grading curtains 400 divide the area below the grading plates 240, so that agricultural products that leak through the gaps between the grading plates 240 are classified and gathered according to size. The conveyor belt 500 transports the gathered agricultural products away.

[0039] like Figure 10 As shown, the material-diverting device 600 includes a movable shaft 610, a brush roller 620, a gate frame 630, a motor 640, an eccentric wheel 650 and a connecting rod 660. The gate frame 630 is fixed to the frame 100, and the movable shaft 610 is mounted on the gate frame 630. The movable shaft 610 is parallel to the grading plate 240. The brush roller 620 is mounted on the movable shaft 610, and a bearing is provided between the brush roller 620 and the movable shaft 610. The motor 640 drives the eccentric wheel 650 to rotate. One end of the connecting rod 660 is hinged to the eccentric wheel 650, and the other end is hinged to the movable shaft 610. The motor 640, the eccentric wheel 650 and the connecting rod 660 drive the movable shaft 610 to reciprocate along its own axial direction, thereby driving the brush roller 620 to dig the agricultural products between the grading plates 240 to make them more uniform.

[0040] The hopper 700 is located above the grading plate 240 .

[0041] The friction type variable gap classifier of this embodiment is mainly used to classify agricultural products according to size. The specific working principle is:

[0042] (1) Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, initially, all the grading plates 240 on the elastic rope 230 are close to each other, and there is no gap between all the grading plates 240;

[0043] (2) After the driving wheel 210 is started, the elastic rope 230 and the grading plate 240 fixed on the elastic rope 230 begin to rotate; Figure 5As shown, when the grading plate 240 moves to the area where the second friction plate 320 is located, the second friction plate 320 contacts the first friction plate 310, and the friction between the second friction plate 320 and the first friction plate 310 provides resistance to the grading plate 240; the resistance causes the elastic rope 230 to be stretched, thereby resulting in gaps between the grading plates 240, but the gaps between different grading plates 240 are of different sizes; since all the grading plates 240 are connected in series by the elastic rope 230, this makes Figure 2 The gaps between the upper row of grading plates 240 shown in the figure gradually increase from left to right, and the gaps between the grading plates 240 closer to the driving wheel 210 are larger;

[0044] (3) When agricultural products fall from the hopper 700 into the Figure 2 As shown, between the grading plates 240, as the agricultural products move from left to right, the gap between the grading plates 240 gradually increases, which causes small-sized agricultural products to fall first and large-sized agricultural products to fall later, thereby achieving size grading of agricultural products; the graded agricultural products fall onto the conveyor belt 500 and are transported away by the conveyor belt 500.

[0045] When the agricultural products are between the grading plates 240, as Figure 10 The movable shaft 610 drives the brush roller 620 to move the agricultural products between the grading plates 240 to make them more uniform and promote the falling of agricultural products of appropriate sizes.

[0046] In this embodiment, when Figure 7 When the telescopic rods of the three linear actuators 360 are extended to the same length, the second friction plate 320 is parallel to the elastic rope 230, and the friction between the second friction plate 320 and the first friction plate 310 under all the grading plates 240 is equal. The specific magnitude of the friction is related to the extension of the telescopic rod of the linear actuator 360. The greater the extension, the greater the positive pressure between the second friction plate 320 and the first friction plate 310, and the greater the friction. When the second friction plate 320 is parallel to the elastic rope 230, all the grading plates 240 obtain the same friction resistance. Figure 2 The gaps between the intermediate grading plates 240 are in an arithmetic progression from left to right.

[0047] If you adjust Figure 7 The extension amounts of the telescopic rods of the three linear actuators 360 are different, which can cause the second friction plate 320 to tilt. At this time, as the position of the grading plate 240 changes, the friction force between the first friction plate 310 and the second friction plate 320 below the grading plate 240 will change. This adjustment can make the change in the gap size between the grading plates 240 more gentle or more drastic. Users can choose according to actual needs.

[0048] Although the embodiments of the present invention are described in the specification, these embodiments are only for reference and should not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Various omissions, substitutions and changes without departing from the scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A friction type variable gap classifier, characterized by: Includes a frame, a grading assembly, a resistance assembly, and a hopper; The grading assembly includes a driving wheel, a driven wheel, two elastic ropes, and a plurality of grading plates. The driving wheel and the driven wheel are both mounted on a frame. The two elastic ropes are connected end to end and wound around the driving wheel and the driven wheel. The plurality of grading plates are fixed on the two elastic ropes. The grading plates are covered with elastic ropes, and initially adjacent grading plates are in contact with each other. The resistance assembly includes a first friction plate and a second friction plate. A first friction plate is fixed at both ends of the bottom of each grading plate. The second friction plate is obliquely mounted on the frame. When the grading plate moves at the second friction plate, the second friction plate contacts the first friction plate. The friction between the two provides resistance for the grading plate, causing the elastic rope to be stretched, resulting in a gap between the grading plates. The gap is larger for grading plates closer to the driving wheel. The grading assembly further includes a tensioning wheel assembly, wherein the elastic rope is wound around the driving wheel, the driven wheel and the tensioning wheel; The hopper is located above the grading plate, and the material to be graded falls from the hopper onto the grading plate.

2. The friction type variable gap classifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The resistance assembly also includes a mounting plate, a moving rod and a first spring. The mounting plate is fixed to the bottom of the grading plate. One end of the moving rod passes through the mounting plate and is installed with a nut. The other end is installed with a first friction plate. The first spring is sleeved on the moving rod.

3. The friction type variable gap classifier according to claim 2, characterized in that: The resistance assembly further comprises a plurality of linear actuators mounted side by side on the frame, and the telescopic rods of the linear actuators are hinged to the second friction plate.

4. The friction type variable gap classifier according to claim 3, characterized in that: The linear drive is an electric push rod or a hydraulic cylinder.

5. The friction type variable gap classifier according to claim 4, characterized in that: Both ends of the second friction plate are curved.

6. The friction type variable gap classifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross section of the grading plate is triangular.

7. The friction type variable gap classifier according to claim 6, characterized in that: The grading assembly further includes a second spring. A pre-tightening column is provided at the bottom of the grading plate. Second springs are provided between all adjacent grading plates. Both ends of the second spring are connected to the pre-tightening columns of adjacent grading plates.

8. The friction type variable gap classifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system further comprises a grading curtain, wherein a plurality of grading curtains are arranged below the grading plate.

9. The friction type variable gap classifier according to claim 8, characterized in that: The bottom of the grading curtain is in an A shape.

10. The friction type variable gap classifier according to claim 9, characterized in that: The utility model further comprises a conveyor belt, which is arranged below the grading curtain.

11. The friction type variable gap classifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a material digging device, which includes a moving shaft, a brush roller and a gate frame. The gate frame is fixed on the frame, the moving shaft is installed on the gate frame, the moving shaft is parallel to the grading plate, and the brush roller is installed on the moving shaft.

12. The friction type variable gap classifier according to claim 11, characterized in that: The material-dispensing device further comprises a motor, an eccentric wheel and a connecting rod. The motor drives the eccentric wheel to rotate. One end of the connecting rod is hinged to the eccentric wheel, and the other end is hinged to the moving shaft.

13. The friction type variable gap classifier according to claim 12, characterized in that: A bearing is provided between the brush roller and the movable shaft.

14. The friction type variable gap classifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tensioning wheel assembly includes a tensioning wheel, a tensioning shaft, a tensioning rod and a third spring. The tensioning wheel is installed on the tensioning shaft. One end of the tensioning rod is hinged to the tensioning shaft and the other end is inserted into the frame. The third spring is sleeved on the tensioning rod.

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