Drilling safety hand and method of using same

Abstract

The application discloses a drilling safety adapter, which comprises a lower adapter, a middle adapter, an upper adapter, a spline mechanism and an elastic mechanism, the rear end of the lower adapter is provided with a lower adapter ratchet, the middle adapter is axially provided with a middle adapter inner cavity, the middle part of the inner wall of the middle adapter inner cavity is provided with a spline groove, the rear end of the upper adapter is provided with an upper adapter counterbore, the inner wall of the upper adapter counterbore is provided with an upper adapter inner thread, the lower adapter and the upper adapter are respectively threadedly connected at the two ends of the middle adapter, the spline mechanism is installed in the middle adapter inner cavity, and the spline mechanism is located between the lower adapter and the upper adapter; the spline mechanism is provided with spline teeth on the outer wall and ratchet teeth on the end part, the spline teeth are inserted into the spline groove, and the ratchet teeth and the lower adapter ratchet are engaged; and the elastic mechanism is installed between the spline mechanism and the upper adapter. The application further discloses a use method of the drilling safety adapter. The drilling safety adapter can maximize the safety of the use of the drill rod and the drilling tool, and greatly reduces the processing time of the drill rod fishing in the hole accident.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of drilling equipment technology, specifically relating to a safe drilling handover method and its usage. Background Technology

[0002] Geological core drilling typically uses single-tube core drilling as the primary construction method. A drill rod is attached to the core tube, and a ball-dropping, water-stopping, dry-drilling method is employed for core sampling.

[0003] Due to the instability of sedimentary rock formations, if accidents such as stuck core tubes or burnt core tubes occur during drilling, and conventional force-lifting methods fail, the only option is to reverse the drill pipe. This involves using reverse-threaded drill pipes and tools to retrieve the original threaded drill pipe from the hole. Only after all drill pipes above the core tube have been removed can casing be used to retrieve the core tube. The entire accident handling process can take anywhere from a few hours to over ten days. It requires frequent raising and lowering of the reverse-threaded drill pipe, resulting in high labor intensity for workers, significant consumption of manpower and resources, and a high risk of personal injury accidents. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a safe drilling handover method and its usage, which can maximize the safety of drill pipe and drilling tools and significantly reduce the processing time for drill pipe retrieval in the event of an accident in the borehole.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution used in this invention is:

[0006] The drilling safety connector includes: a lower connector, a middle connector, an upper connector, a spline mechanism, and a flexible mechanism. The lower connector has an external thread at its front end and a ratchet at its rear end. The middle connector has an axially arranged inner cavity, with internal threads on both ends of the inner wall and a spline groove on the middle inner wall. The upper connector has an external thread on its front outer wall and a countersunk hole at its rear end, with an internal thread on the inner wall of the countersunk hole. The lower and upper connectors are threaded to both ends of the middle connector. The spline mechanism is installed in the middle connector's inner cavity and is located between the lower and upper connectors. The spline mechanism has spline teeth on its outer wall and ratchet teeth at its end, with the spline teeth interlocking in the spline groove. The ratchet teeth mesh with the ratchet teeth of the lower connector. The flexible mechanism is installed in the middle connector's inner cavity and is located between the spline mechanism and the upper connector.

[0007] Furthermore, the lower connector includes a lower connector head section, a lower connector middle section, and a lower connector tail section connected end to end in sequence. The lower connector head section and the lower connector tail section are provided with lower connector external threads, and the lower connector tail section is connected to the inner cavity of the middle connector by the thread.

[0008] Furthermore, the outer wall of the lower connector head section is a conical surface with a horizontal angle between 0 and 6°, and the external thread of the lower connector is set on the conical surface of the lower connector; the countersunk hole of the upper connector has an inner wall of a conical surface with an angle between the conical surface and the axis of 0 and 6°.

[0009] Furthermore, an O-ring is provided at the front end of the upper connector, and the O-ring is located at the end of the external thread of the upper connector.

[0010] Furthermore, the horizontal angle of the inclined surface of the lower ratchet tooth is 0-15°, and the horizontal angle of the inclined surface of the ratchet tooth is 0-15°.

[0011] Furthermore, the horizontal included angle between the lower connector external thread, the upper connector external thread, and the middle connector internal thread is 0-2°.

[0012] Furthermore, the lower connector has an axially arranged lower connector inner cavity, the upper connector has an axially arranged upper connector inner cavity, the spline mechanism has an axially arranged spline through hole, and the lower connector inner cavity, spline through hole, upper connector inner cavity, and upper connector countersunk hole are connected to each other.

[0013] Furthermore, the outer walls at both ends of the lower connector middle section are respectively provided with lower connector retaining rings, and the outer wall of the lower connector middle section between the two lower connector retaining rings is octahedral or hexahedral in shape; the middle section outer wall of the upper connector is provided with an installation ring groove, and the outer wall of the installation ring groove is octahedral or hexahedral in shape.

[0014] The procedures for safe takeover of drilling operations include:

[0015] The drilling safety connector is connected between the core tube and the drill pipe. The lower connector head is connected to the core tube, and the upper connector countersunk is connected to the end of the drill pipe.

[0016] When the drill bit is rotating forward, the lower connector and spline mechanism are locked, and the threaded connections of the lower connector, upper connector and middle connector are locked. The drilling safety connector transmits the torque of the drill rod and drives the core tube to rotate.

[0017] When the drill bit is running in reverse, if the reverse torque is less than the torque set value, the ratchet teeth and the lower connector ratchet teeth slide relative to each other, and the spline mechanism does not transmit torque; the elastic mechanism provides pressure, and the elastic mechanism squeezes the rear end of the spline mechanism, so that the ratchet teeth and the lower connector ratchet teeth remain in contact.

[0018] When the reversing torque is greater than the torque setting value, the elastic mechanism squeezes the rear end of the spline mechanism, the ratchet tooth pushes the ratchet tooth of the lower connector, and the spline mechanism transmits the thrust to the tail section of the lower connector. The threaded connection between the lower connector and the middle connector is loosened, and the lower connector is placed at the bottom of the hole along with the core tube. The middle connector and the upper connector are taken out of the hole along with the drill rod.

[0019] Preferably, the assembly process of the drilling safety connector includes: connecting the lower connector tail section to the inner cavity of the middle connector at the front end of the middle connector via a thread, and tightening the connection between the lower connector and the middle connector; inserting the spline teeth of the spline mechanism into the spline groove, with the ratchet teeth meshing with the ratchet teeth of the lower connector; installing the elastic mechanism in the inner cavity of the middle connector, and installing the O-ring at the front end of the upper connector, so that the front end of the upper connector is connected to the inner cavity of the middle connector at the rear end of the middle connector, and tightening the connection between the upper connector and the middle connector.

[0020] The technical effects of this invention include:

[0021] By utilizing drilling safety takeover, the safety of drill pipes and drilling tools can be guaranteed to the greatest extent, the time required for drill pipe retrieval in the event of an accident in the borehole can be significantly reduced, the labor intensity of construction workers can be reduced, the occurrence of human-caused accidents can be reduced, and work efficiency can be improved.

[0022] The drilling safety connector has a clever and reasonable structure. During normal drilling, it can be used as a regular connector with excellent stability and sealing. When reversing, there is no risk of the lower connector disengaging or falling off. During accident handling, it can be reversed and disengaged when the rated torque load is exceeded, enabling rapid and effective handling of accidents in the borehole and reducing accident costs and risks. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the safe handover of drilling in this invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the lower connector in this invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lower connector back end in this invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a development diagram of the lower connecting ratchet in the present invention along the ABC direction;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of the handpiece in this invention;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view along direction II in this invention;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the upper connector in this invention;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the spline mechanism in this invention;

[0031] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of one side of the ratchet tooth of the spline mechanism in this invention;

[0032] Figure 10This is a diagram showing the unfolded shape of the ratchet teeth along the DEF direction in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The following description fully illustrates specific embodiments of the invention to enable those skilled in the art to practice and reproduce them.

[0034] like Figure 1 The diagram shown is a cross-sectional structural schematic of the drilling safety handover in this invention.

[0035] The drilling safety connector adopts a three-section connection, which includes: lower connector 1, middle connector 2, and upper connector 3. The lower connector 1 and upper connector 3 are located on both sides of the middle connector 2, and the lower connector 1, upper connector 3 and middle connector 2 are connected by threads.

[0036] A middle connector 2 is provided with an inner cavity 21 in the axial direction. The inner cavity 21 is provided with a spline mechanism 4, which can also transmit torque. The spline mechanism 4 is located between the lower connector 1 and the upper connector 3. The spline mechanism 4 can prevent the thread from overload meshing during forward rotation and causing adhesion.

[0037] To prevent the lower connector 1 from detaching during the reverse rotation of the safety connector, an elastic mechanism 5 is installed inside the middle connector 2. The elastic mechanism 5 is located between the spline mechanism 4 and the upper connector 3. The elastic mechanism 5 compresses the spline mechanism 4 in the middle connector 2, making it difficult for the lower connector 1 to detach during the reverse rotation of the drilling safety connector. Only after exceeding the rated torque load (using a wrench to separate the lower connector 1 and the middle connector 2) can the lower connector 1 detach from the middle connector 2, thus providing a safety protection function.

[0038] like Figure 2 The diagram shown is a cross-sectional view of the lower connector 1 in this invention; as shown... Figure 3 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the rear end of the lower connector 1 in this invention.

[0039] The lower connector 1 has an axially arranged lower connector inner cavity 14. The lower connector 1 includes a lower connector head section 11, a lower connector middle section 12, and a lower connector tail section 13 connected end to end in sequence. The lower connector head section 11 and the lower connector tail section 13 are provided with lower connector external threads. The two ends of the lower connector middle section 12 are respectively provided with lower connector retaining rings 15.

[0040] The outer wall of the lower connector head section 11 is a conical surface, with a horizontal included angle α between 0 and 6° (preferably 5°42'38"), and the external thread of the lower connector is provided on the conical surface of the lower connector. The external thread of the lower connector head section 11 is used to connect the drilling tool.

[0041] The outer wall of the middle section 12 of the lower connector between the two lower hand stop rings 15 is octahedral or hexahedral, which facilitates the connection of the drill bit with a wrench.

[0042] like Figure 4 The figure shown is a development view of the lower connecting ratchet 16 along the ABC direction in this invention.

[0043] The rear end of the lower connector tail section 13 is provided with a lower connector ratchet 16, and the horizontal included angle of the inclined surface of the lower connector ratchet 16 is 0-15° (preferably 13°).

[0044] To facilitate connection, the outer wall of the lower hand tail section 13 is a micro-conical surface, and the horizontal included angle of the micro-conical surface is 0-2° (preferably 1°).

[0045] like Figure 5 The diagram shown is a cross-sectional view of the connector 2 in this invention; as shown... Figure 6 The figure shown is a cross-sectional view along direction II in this invention.

[0046] The middle connector 2 is axially provided with a middle connector inner cavity 21. The inner walls at both ends of the middle connector inner cavity 21 are respectively provided with middle connector internal threads, and the middle inner wall is provided with a spline groove 22.

[0047] The horizontal included angle of the internal thread of the middle connector is 0-2° (preferably 1°).

[0048] like Figure 7 The diagram shown is a cross-sectional view of the upper connector 3 in this invention.

[0049] The upper connector 3 has a mounting ring groove 31 on the outer wall of the middle section. The outer wall of the mounting ring groove 31 is octahedral or hexahedral, which facilitates the connection of the drill rod with a wrench.

[0050] The front outer wall of the upper connector 3 is provided with an external thread, and the rear end is provided with a countersunk hole 32. The inner wall of the countersunk hole 32 is provided with an internal thread, which is used to connect the drill rod or lock the connector.

[0051] The upper connecting hole 32 has a conical inner wall, and the angle between the conical surface and the axis is 0-6° (preferably 5°42'38").

[0052] The upper connector 3 is provided with an axial upper connector inner cavity 33, which is connected to the upper connector countersunk hole 32.

[0053] like Figure 8 The diagram shown is a cross-sectional view of the spline mechanism 4 in this invention; as shown... Figure 9 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of one side of the ratchet tooth 42 of the spline mechanism 4 in this invention.

[0054] The spline mechanism 4 has spline teeth 41 on its outer wall and ratchet teeth 42 at its end. The spline teeth 41 and spline groove 22 work together to transmit torque, while the ratchet teeth 42 and lower handle ratchet teeth 16 work together to prevent overload engagement of the thread during forward rotation.

[0055] The spline mechanism has spline through holes along four axes.

[0056] like Figure 10 The figure shown is a development diagram of the ratchet tooth 42 along the DEF direction in this invention.

[0057] The horizontal included angle of the inclined surface of the ratchet tooth 42 is 0-15° (preferably 13°).

[0058] The lower connector tail section 13 is threadedly connected to the inner cavity 21 of the middle connector at the front end of the middle connector 2, with the external thread of the lower connector connected to the internal thread of the middle connector. A spline mechanism 4 is installed in the inner cavity 21 of the middle connector, with ratchet teeth 42 and ratchet teeth 16 of the lower connector meshing together, and spline teeth 41 inserted into the spline groove 22. The front end of the upper connector 3 is connected to the inner cavity 21 of the middle connector at the rear end of the middle connector 2, with the external thread of the upper connector connected to the internal thread of the middle connector. An elastic mechanism 5 is installed in the inner cavity 21 of the middle connector and located between the spline mechanism 4 and the upper connector 3. An O-ring is installed at the front end of the upper connector 3 and located at the end of the external thread of the upper connector.

[0059] The specific steps for using drilling safety handover are as follows:

[0060] Step 1: Assemble a safe takeover of the drilling operation;

[0061] The lower connector 1 is connected to the inner cavity 21 of the middle connector 2 at the front end of the middle connector 1 by threading. The wrench is operated in the middle section 12 of the lower connector to tighten the connection between the lower connector 1 and the middle connector 2.

[0062] The spline teeth 41 of the spline mechanism 4 are inserted into the spline groove 22, and the spline mechanism 4 enters the inner cavity 21 of the middle connector. The ratchet teeth 42 and the ratchet teeth 16 of the lower connector mesh with each other.

[0063] The elastic mechanism 5 is installed in the inner cavity 21 of the middle connector, and the O-ring is installed at the front end of the upper connector 3, so that the front end of the upper connector 3 is connected to the inner cavity 21 of the middle connector at the rear end of the middle connector 2. The wrench is operated in the mounting ring groove 31 to tighten the connection between the upper connector 3 and the middle connector 2.

[0064] Step 2: Connect the drilling safety connector between the core tube and the drill pipe;

[0065] The lower connector head section 11 of the lower connector 1 is connected to the core tube, and the upper connector countersunk hole 32 of the upper connector 3 is connected to the end of the drill rod.

[0066] Step 3: When the drill bit is rotating forward, the lower connector 1 and the spline mechanism 4 are in the locked state, and the threaded connection between the lower connector 1, the upper connector 3 and the middle connector 2 is in the locked state. The drilling safety connector transmits the torque of the drill rod and drives the core tube to rotate.

[0067] When the drill bit is running in reverse, if the reverse torque is less than the torque setting value (rated torque load), the ratchet tooth 42 and the lower connector ratchet tooth 16 slide relative to each other, the spline mechanism 4 does not work and does not transmit torque; the elastic mechanism 5 provides pressure, the elastic mechanism 5 squeezes the rear end of the spline mechanism 4, the ratchet tooth 42 and the lower connector ratchet tooth 16 remain in contact, and the lower connector 1 and the middle connector 2 will not loosen or separate.

[0068] When the drill bit gets stuck or burns out, it reverses its rotation. When the reverse torque exceeds the torque setting value (rated torque load), the elastic mechanism 5 squeezes the rear end of the spline mechanism 4, and the ratchet tooth 42 pushes the lower connector ratchet tooth 16. The spline mechanism 4 transmits thrust to the lower connector tail section 13 of the lower connector 1. The threaded connection between the lower connector 1 and the middle connector 2 is loosened first. The lower connector 1 is placed at the bottom of the hole along with the core tube, and the middle connector 2 and the upper connector 3 are taken out of the hole along with the drill pipe. This way, the drill pipe retrieval process can be skipped, which plays a role in protecting the drill pipe. Afterwards, only the lower connector 1 needs to be connected to retrieve the core tube.

[0069] The terminology used in this invention is descriptive and exemplary, not restrictive. Since this invention can be embodied in many forms without departing from the spirit or essence of the technical solution, it should be understood that the above embodiments are not limited to any of the foregoing details, but should be interpreted broadly within the spirit and scope defined by the appended claims. Therefore, all variations and modifications falling within the scope of the claims or their equivalents should be covered by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A safe takeover method for drilling operations, characterized in that, include: The assembly comprises a lower connector, a middle connector, an upper connector, a spline mechanism, and a flexible mechanism. The lower connector has an external thread at its front end and a ratchet at its rear end. The middle connector has an axially oriented inner cavity with internal threads at both ends and a spline groove in the middle. The upper connector has an external thread at its front outer wall and a countersunk hole at its rear end with an internal thread on the inner wall. The lower and upper connectors are threaded to both ends of the middle connector. The spline mechanism is installed in the middle connector cavity and is located between the lower and upper connectors. The spline mechanism has spline teeth on its outer wall and ratchet teeth at its end, which are inserted into the spline groove and mesh with the ratchet teeth of the lower connector. The flexible mechanism is installed in the middle connector cavity and is located between the spline mechanism and the upper connector.

2. The drilling safety handover as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lower connector includes a lower connector head section, a lower connector middle section, and a lower connector tail section connected end to end in sequence. The lower connector head section and the lower connector tail section are provided with lower connector external threads, and the lower connector tail section is connected to the inner cavity of the middle connector by the thread.

3. The drilling safety handover as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The outer wall of the lower connector head section is a conical surface with a horizontal angle between 0 and 6°. The external thread of the lower connector is set on the conical surface of the lower connector. The countersunk hole of the upper connector has a conical inner wall with an angle between the conical surface and the axis between 0 and 6°.

4. The drilling safety handover as described in claim 1, characterized in that, An O-ring is provided at the front end of the upper connector, and the O-ring is located at the end of the external thread of the upper connector.

5. The drilling safety handover as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The horizontal angle of the bevel of the lower ratchet tooth is 0-15°, and the horizontal angle of the bevel of the ratchet tooth is 0-15°.

6. The drilling safety handover as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The included horizontal angle between the lower connector external thread, the upper connector external thread, and the middle connector internal thread is 0-2°.

7. The drilling safety handover as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lower connector has an axially arranged inner cavity, the upper connector has an axially arranged inner cavity, the spline mechanism has an axially arranged spline through hole, and the lower connector inner cavity, spline through hole, upper connector inner cavity, and upper connector countersunk hole are connected.

8. The drilling safety handover as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The lower connector has lower connector retaining rings at both ends of its middle section, and the outer wall of the lower connector middle section between the two lower connector retaining rings is octahedral or hexahedral in shape; the middle section of the upper connector has an installation ring groove on its outer wall, and the outer wall of the installation ring groove is octahedral or hexahedral in shape.

9. The method of using drilling safety handover as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, include: The drilling safety connector is connected between the core tube and the drill pipe. The lower connector head is connected to the core tube, and the upper connector countersunk is connected to the end of the drill pipe. When the drill bit is rotating forward, the lower connector and spline mechanism are locked, and the threaded connections of the lower connector, upper connector and middle connector are locked. The drilling safety connector transmits the torque of the drill rod and drives the core tube to rotate. When the drill bit is running in reverse, if the reverse torque is less than the torque set value, the ratchet teeth and the lower connector ratchet teeth slide relative to each other, and the spline mechanism does not transmit torque; the elastic mechanism provides pressure, and the elastic mechanism squeezes the rear end of the spline mechanism, so that the ratchet teeth and the lower connector ratchet teeth remain in contact. When the reversing torque is greater than the torque setting value, the elastic mechanism squeezes the rear end of the spline mechanism, the ratchet tooth pushes the ratchet tooth of the lower connector, and the spline mechanism transmits the thrust to the tail section of the lower connector. The threaded connection between the lower connector and the middle connector is loosened, and the lower connector is placed at the bottom of the hole along with the core tube. The middle connector and the upper connector are taken out of the hole along with the drill rod.

10. The method of using drilling safety handover as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The assembly process of the drilling safety connector includes: connecting the tail section of the lower connector to the inner cavity of the middle connector at the front end of the middle connector via a thread, and tightening the connection between the lower and middle connectors; inserting the spline teeth of the spline mechanism into the spline groove, with the ratchet teeth meshing with the ratchet teeth of the lower connector; installing the elastic mechanism in the inner cavity of the middle connector, and installing the O-ring at the front end of the upper connector, so that the front end of the upper connector is connected to the inner cavity of the middle connector at the rear end of the middle connector, and tightening the connection between the upper and middle connectors.

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