An electromagnetically controlled semi-active impact damper

Abstract

The present invention relates to an electromagnetically controlled semi-active impact damper. The electromagnetically controlled semi-active impact damper of the present invention is installed as a whole on a controlled main body structure, including an outer box (1) and a motion system (2) and an equipment system (3) installed in the outer box (1). The motion system (2) includes an impact block (4), an impact track (5) and an impact rebound mechanism (6). The impact rebound mechanism (6) is installed at the bottom of the impact track (5), and the impact block (4) is controlled by a permanent magnet (12), an electromagnet (8) and the equipment system (3) to achieve suspension and impact collision above the impact track (5). Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages of low energy demand, flexible adjustment of the impact time point, high control accuracy, stable control effect, etc., and can be used to deal with complex external excitations to achieve better impact vibration reduction effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of civil engineering structure vibration control, and in particular relates to an electromagnetically controlled semi-active impact damper. Background Art

[0002] Currently, structural vibration control technology plays a vital role in earthquake and wind resistance in civil engineering. Based on the requirement for external energy input, vibration control can be categorized as passive, active, and semi-active. Passive control systems, such as tuned mass dampers (TMDs), have been widely used in civil engineering due to their clear concepts, ease of implementation, and lack of external energy input. However, traditional linear dampers have numerous drawbacks, such as a narrow vibration damping bandwidth, poor robustness, and a limited service life for damping elements. To address these shortcomings of traditional TMDs, the introduction of nonlinear collision mechanisms is an effective approach. By interfering with the amplitude accumulation process of the original structure through nonlinear impact forces, the structural response can be effectively reduced to a certain extent. However, these nonlinear collision energy dissipation systems still fall within the realm of passive control and are unable to effectively cope with broadband excitations and achieve better impact vibration reduction. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetically controlled semi-active impact damper in order to overcome the defects of the above-mentioned traditional passive vibration reduction devices.

[0004] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0005] An electromagnetically controlled semi-active impact damper, integrally mounted on the main structure requiring vibration control, comprises an outer housing and a motion system and equipment system mounted within the housing. The motion system includes an impact block, an impact track, and an impact rebound mechanism. A permanent magnet is mounted within the outer housing to provide driving force for the impact block. The impact rebound mechanism is mounted at the bottom of the impact track, with its top extending from the impact track. An electromagnet is located within the impact track. The impact block is controlled by the permanent magnet, electromagnet, and equipment system to achieve suspension and impact collision above the impact track.

[0006] Furthermore, the outer box is made of a sealed material that is resistant to magnetic interference, thereby preventing the external environmental magnetic field from interfering with the internal control system of the damper.

[0007] Furthermore, a plurality of permanent magnets are installed at intervals on the inner side of the top of the outer box, with gaps between the permanent magnets. Furthermore, the magnetism of the permanent magnets is opposite to that of the impact block. When the controlled main structure vibrates, the permanent magnets provide driving force for the impact block.

[0008] Furthermore, the impact track is mounted on the inner side wall of the outer box, a plurality of collision plates are provided on the top of the impact track, and a plurality of electromagnets are provided inside the impact track, so that the impact block can realize the suspension function and the impact collision function. Furthermore, the collision plate includes a middle collision plate and an end collision plate.

[0009] Furthermore, the magnetism of the electromagnet should be such that the impact block is suspended on the top of the impact track when it is stationary.

[0010] Furthermore, the impact rebound mechanism comprises a cylindrical body with an irregular interior, with a reset solenoid mounted at the bottom. A compression spring is mounted within the cylindrical body, the top of which is fixedly connected to a pull rod. A reset spring and a special-shaped spring are mounted at the top of the pull rod. A telescopic column is mounted at the top of the reset spring, with the bottom of the telescopic column extending through a hole in the top of the special-shaped spring and the top of the telescopic column extending through a hole at the bottom of the impact track.

[0011] Furthermore, the inner wall of the cylinder is provided with a protruding platform, and the compression spring is installed on the protruding platform.

[0012] Furthermore, a groove is provided inside the cylinder, and one side of the special-shaped spring in the initial state is stuck in the groove.

[0013] Furthermore, the top of the telescopic column can pass through the hole extending out of the upper end of the cylinder, and the bottom of the telescopic column is provided with a protruding platform for limiting the telescopic column as a whole to extend and retract up and down inside the cylinder.

[0014] Furthermore, a monitoring unit for identifying the position information of the pull rod is installed on the inner side wall of the cylinder, and the monitoring unit is connected to the reset electromagnetic.

[0015] Furthermore, the bottom of the pull rod is made of magnetic metal and can fall under the action of a reset electromagnet and return to its initial position.

[0016] Furthermore, the impact rebound mechanism has different working states: an initial pre-compression state, a downward pressure start state, and an upward rebound state.

[0017] In the initial pre-compression state, the compression spring and the special-shaped spring of the impact rebound mechanism are both in a compressed state, one side of the special-shaped spring is stuck in the groove on the inner wall of the cylinder, the bottom of the pull rod is close to the reset electromagnet, and the top of the telescopic column is slightly higher than the hole at the bottom of the impact track.

[0018] In the downward pressure starting state, the telescopic column is pressed downward to compress the return spring, and at the same time drives the special-shaped spring to break away from the groove on the inner wall of the cylinder, and the top of the telescopic column is aligned with the hole of the impact track.

[0019] In the upward rebound state, the compression spring and the return spring extend under the action of their own stiffness, driving the pull rod and the telescopic column to move upward. The top of the telescopic column extends from the hole of the impact track, and its extended length is greater than the initial pre-compression state.

[0020] Furthermore, after the impact rebound mechanism completes the upward rebound state, the reset electromagnetic recognizes the position information of the pull rod through the monitoring unit, turns on the electromagnetic attraction pull rod, and restores the impact rebound mechanism to its initial state.

[0021] Furthermore, the equipment system includes a sensing mechanism and a control mechanism installed on the inner wall of the outer box, and a power supply installed on the bottom of the outer box.

[0022] Furthermore, the power supply provides power to the sensing mechanism, the control mechanism and the impact rebound mechanism through line connections.

[0023] Furthermore, the sensing mechanism collects movement information of the main structure and the impact block, and the control mechanism receives signals from the sensing mechanism and controls the magnetic field of the electromagnet.

[0024] Furthermore, the control mechanism is provided with an optimal impact calculation and control program, which calculates the optimal impact position of the impact block by receiving the motion information (displacement, velocity, acceleration, etc.) of the structure and impact block collected by the sensing mechanism.

[0025] As the impact block moves horizontally with the controlled structure, the electromagnet's strength remains constant. At a specific moment, the control mechanism sends a command to deactivate the electromagnet, allowing the impact block to descend under gravity and achieve optimal collision with the collision plate, thereby achieving optimal vibration reduction. Upon collision, the bottom of the impact block presses down on the rebound mechanism, rebounding it to its original suspended position and following the structure's movement.

[0026] When the optimal collision position calculated by the control mechanism exceeds the stroke of the impact track, the impact block collides with the inner wall of the box.

[0027] The present invention also provides an application of an electromagnetically controlled semi-active impact damper in the field of vibration control of civil engineering structures, which is mainly used for vibration control of super-high-rise and high-rise structures.

[0028] The electromagnetically controlled semi-active impact damper of the present invention is primarily used for vibration control of super-high-rise, towering, and long-span structures. When in use, it is fixed to the maximum position of the vibration response of the controlled main structure. In the initial state, the electromagnet is turned on, and the impact block is suspended at the top of the impact track. When the controlled structure generates horizontal vibrations under the stimulation of the external environment, the damper moves with the structure, and the impact block generates horizontal movement under the action of the permanent magnet. The sensing mechanism collects movement information such as displacement, velocity, and acceleration of the structure and the impact block, and calculates the collision position of the impact block through the control mechanism. Based on the calculation results, the electromagnet is turned off at a specific moment, causing the impact block to fall and collide with the collision plate, achieving effective momentum exchange and energy dissipation with the structure. At the same time as the collision is completed, the impact block lands on the impact track, and the bottom of the impact block presses down on the telescopic column of the impact rebound mechanism, causing the impact rebound mechanism to transition from the initial state to a downward pressure start state and an upward rebound state, pushing the impact block upward, causing it to return to its original suspension height and continue to follow the movement of the structure. At the same time, the electromagnetic reset is turned on, returning the impact rebound mechanism to its initial pre-stressed state.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0030] (1) The electromagnetically controlled semi-active impact damper of the present invention, under the control of the permanent magnet, electromagnet and control system, causes the impact block to fall and collide with the collision plate, which can achieve effective momentum exchange and energy dissipation with the main structure, and achieve a sufficient vibration reduction effect.

[0031] (2) The impact rebound mechanism of the present invention provides an upward driving force for the impact block to return to its suspended state after a falling collision. This allows the impact block to return to its suspended height more quickly after a collision, thereby improving response speed. Compared with passive impact dampers, this reduces the startup time required for the impact unit to enter steady-state motion and effectively eliminates the adverse effects of factors such as friction on impact time, thereby improving system efficiency and stability.

[0032] (3) The electromagnetically controlled semi-active impact damper of the present invention requires less external energy for regulation and can cleverly utilize the vibration energy of the main structure itself to provide the required driving force for the main structure system, thus realizing the core function of obtaining a larger output with only a small amount of energy.

[0033] (4) The present invention utilizes the relative movement between the control device and the main structure to achieve the optimal external control force as much as possible by changing the key parameters of the control device. By monitoring the displacement of the structure and adjusting the net distance of the impact damper based on the controllable electromagnetic field, the damper parameters can be adjusted in real time, and the impact time point can be flexibly adjusted to cope with complex external excitations (earthquakes, wind, etc.). Therefore, the present invention does not need to predict the characteristics of external excitations and the dynamic characteristics of the structure itself, and can work efficiently in both linear and nonlinear states of the structure. It not only effectively makes up for the inherent defects of traditional collision energy dissipation technology, such as narrow frequency band and unstable control effect, broadens its vibration reduction frequency band, but also greatly improves the robustness of the control system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the electromagnetically controlled semi-active impact damper of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional view of the AA section of the electromagnetically controlled semi-active impact damper of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the impact rebound mechanism of the electromagnetically controlled semi-active impact damper of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the BB section of the impact rebound mechanism of the electromagnetically controlled semi-active impact damper of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the working state of the impact rebound mechanism of the electromagnetically controlled semi-active impact damper of the present invention.

[0039] Description of the marks in the figure:

[0040] 1-outer box, 2-motion system, 3-equipment system, 4-impact block, 5-impact track, 6-impact rebound mechanism, 7-collision plate, 7-middle collision plate, 7b-end collision plate, 8-electromagnet, 9-sensing mechanism, 10-control mechanism, 11-power supply, 12-permanent magnet, 13-cylinder, 14-reset electromagnet, 15-monitoring unit, 16-compression spring, 17-pull rod, 18-reset spring, 19-special-shaped spring, 20-telescopic column. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. This embodiment is implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention, and provides a detailed implementation method and specific operation process, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0042] Example 1:

[0043] The electromagnetically controlled semi-active impact damper of this embodiment is integrally installed on the main structure of the required vibration control, and includes an outer box 1 and a motion system 2 and an equipment system 3 installed in the outer box 1. Among them, the motion system 2 includes an impact block 4, an impact track 5 and an impact rebound mechanism 6. A permanent magnet 12 is installed inside the outer box 1 to provide driving force for the impact block 4. The impact rebound mechanism 6 is installed at the bottom of the impact track 5, and the top of the impact rebound mechanism 6 extends through the impact track 5. An electromagnet 8 is arranged inside the impact track 5. The impact block 4 is controlled by the permanent magnet 12, the electromagnet 8 and the equipment system 3 to achieve suspension and impact collision above the impact track 5.

[0044] Example 2:

[0045] The electromagnetically controlled semi-active impact damper of this embodiment is mainly used for vibration control of super-high-rise and high-rise structures. When in use, it is fixed to the maximum position of the vibration response of the controlled main structure, that is, it is installed as a whole at the top of the super-high-rise and high-rise structure to control the vibration mainly in the first-order mode. The semi-active impact damper of this embodiment consists of an outer box 1, a motion system 2 installed in the outer box, and an equipment system 3. The internal structure diagram is shown as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown.

[0046] The outer box 1 is sealed and made of a magnetically resistant graphene foam material to prevent external magnetic fields from interfering with the damper's internal control system. Multiple permanent magnets 12 are installed at intervals on the top inner side of the outer box 1, with gaps between them. The magnetic properties of these magnets 12 are opposite to those of the impact block 4 in the motion system 2. When the controlled main structure vibrates, these magnets 12 provide driving force for the impact block 4.

[0047] The motion system 2 consists of an impact block 4, an impact track 5, and an impact rebound mechanism 6. The impact track 5 is mounted on the inner wall of the outer box 1, with multiple collision plates 7 (including a middle collision plate 7a and end collision plates 7b) located on top. Multiple electromagnets 8 are internally disposed. The magnetic strength and orientation of the electromagnets 8 are such that the impact block 4 levitates above the impact track 5 when stationary. The impact rebound mechanism 6 is mounted on the bottom of the impact track 5, with the top of the impact rebound mechanism 6 extending through the impact track 5. The impact block 4 is regulated by the permanent magnet 12, electromagnets 8, and the equipment system 3 to achieve suspension and impact collision above the impact track 5.

[0048] The structural diagram of the impact rebound mechanism 6 is as follows Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, it is provided with a cylinder 13 with an irregular interior, and a reset electromagnet 14 is installed at the bottom of the cylinder 13. The inner wall of the cylinder 13 is provided with a protruding platform, and a compression spring 16 is installed on the protruding platform. The top of the compression spring 16 is fixedly connected to the pull rod 17. The bottom of the pull rod 17 is made of magnetic metal and can fall and return to its original position under the action of the reset electromagnet 14. A monitoring unit 15 for identifying the position information of the pull rod 17 is installed on the inner wall of the cylinder 13, and the monitoring unit 15 is connected to the reset electromagnet 14. A reset spring 18 and a special-shaped spring 19 are installed at the top of the pull rod 17. In the initial state, one side of the special-shaped spring 19 is stuck in the groove of the inner wall of the cylinder 13. A telescopic column 20 is installed on the top of the reset spring 18. The bottom of the telescopic column 20 passes through the hole at the top of the special-shaped spring 19, and the top of the telescopic column 20 extends from the hole at the bottom of the impact track 5. The top of the telescopic column 20 can pass through the hole at the upper end of the cylinder 13. The bottom of the telescopic column 20 is provided with a protruding platform to limit the telescopic column 20 as a whole from extending up and down inside the cylinder 13.

[0049] The impact rebound mechanism 6 has different working states: initial pre-pressed state, downward pressure start state, and upward rebound state. Figure 5 As shown, in the initial preload state, the compression spring 16 and the shaped spring 19 of the impact rebound mechanism 6 are both compressed. One side of the shaped spring 19 is stuck in the groove on the inner wall of the cylinder 13, the bottom of the pull rod 17 is close to the reset electromagnetic 14, and the top of the telescopic column 20 is slightly higher than the hole at the bottom of the impact track 5. In the downward start state, the telescopic column 20 presses downward, compressing the reset spring 18 and simultaneously driving the shaped spring 19 out of the groove on the inner wall of the cylinder, aligning the top of the telescopic column 20 with the hole in the impact track 5. In the upward rebound state, the compression spring 16 and the reset spring 18 extend due to their own rigidity, driving the pull rod 17 and the telescopic column 20 upward. The top of the telescopic column 20 extends from the hole in the impact track 5, and its extension length is greater than the initial preload state. When the impact rebound mechanism 6 completes the upward rebound state, the reset electromagnetic 14 detects the position information of the pull rod 17 through the monitoring unit 15, activates the electromagnetic attraction of the pull rod 17, and restores the impact rebound mechanism 6 to its initial state.

[0050] The equipment system 3 includes a sensing mechanism 9 and a control mechanism 10 installed on the inner wall of the outer box, and a power supply 11 installed on the bottom of the outer box. The power supply 11 provides power to the sensing mechanism 9, the control mechanism 10 and the impact rebound mechanism 6 through line connections. Among them, the sensing mechanism 9 is a collective sensing mechanism, which is composed of sensors that can respectively collect the displacement, velocity and acceleration of the high-rise / high-rise structure and the impact block 4. It is used to collect the movement information of the main structure and the impact block 4, and send a signal to the control mechanism 10 to control the opening and closing of the magnetic field of the electromagnet 8. When the impact block 4 moves horizontally with the movement of the controlled structure, the strength of the electromagnet 8 remains unchanged, and the control mechanism 10 sends an electromagnetic shutdown instruction to the electromagnet 8, causing the impact block 4 to fall under the action of gravity and collide with the collision plate 5. At the same time as the collision is completed, the bottom of the impact block 4 presses down the impact rebound mechanism 6 and is rebounded to its original suspended position and follows the movement of the structure.

[0051] This embodiment also provides a vibration reduction method for a high-rise main structure. The vibration reduction method uses the electromagnetically controlled semi-active impact damper in this embodiment, and the working principle of the vibration reduction is as follows.

[0052] In the initial preload state, the electromagnet 8 is turned on, and the impact block 4 is suspended on top of the impact track 5. When the high-rise main structure generates horizontal vibrations due to external environmental excitation, the damper moves with the structure, and the impact block 4 generates horizontal movement under the action of the permanent magnet 12. The collective sensing mechanism 9 can respectively collect the movement information of the high-rise structure and the impact block 4 and transmit the signal to the control mechanism 10. The control mechanism 10 shuts off the electromagnet 8, causing the impact block 4 to fall and collide with the collision plate 5, achieving effective momentum exchange and energy dissipation with the high-rise main structure. At the same time, the impact block 4 lands on the impact track 5. The bottom of the impact block 4 presses down on the telescopic column 20 of the impact rebound mechanism 6, causing the impact rebound mechanism 6 to transition from the initial state to the downward pressure start state and the upward rebound state, pushing the impact block 4 upward, causing it to return to its original suspension height and continue to move with the high-rise main structure. At the same time, the reset electromagnet 14 is turned on, causing the impact rebound mechanism 6 to return to the initial preload state.

[0053] Example 3:

[0054] The electromagnetically controlled semi-active impact damper of this embodiment is used for vibration control of super-high-rise and high-rise structures, and is installed as a whole on the top of the high-rise structure. The difference from Example 2 is that the control mechanism 10 in this embodiment is provided with an optimal impact calculation and control program, which determines the optimal impact position of the impact block 4 by receiving the displacement, velocity, acceleration and other motion information of the structure and the impact block collected by the sensing mechanism 9. The optimal impact control strategy is: (1) a collision occurs at the moment when the speed of the main structure is maximum or the displacement returns to zero; (2) when a collision occurs, the speed of the main structure must be opposite to the relative speed direction of the impact block 4, and the collision occurs twice within one load cycle. In order to clearly describe the optimal impact control strategy in this embodiment, the impact process is decomposed into multiple stages:

[0055] (1) In the initial stage, the impact block 4 moves horizontally along with the movement of the controlled structure, and the strength of the electromagnet 8 remains unchanged.

[0056] (2) Determine the collision moment and allow the impact block 4 to collide with the main structure when the structural displacement passes through the zero displacement point. Using the displacement, velocity, and acceleration information collected by the sensing mechanism 9, the control mechanism 10 calculates the time required for the main structure to return to the zero displacement point.

[0057] (3) Monitor the direction of the impact block 4's velocity and select the target collision point in that direction based on the position information of the collision plate 7. If the target collision point exceeds the travel range of the impact track 5, the impact position is the inner wall of the outer box 1.

[0058] (4) After the target collision point is determined, the appropriate power-off moment of the electromagnet 8 is determined. The height of the impact block 4 is monitored, and the falling time of the impact block 4 under the action of gravity is calculated. Taking into account the time lag of the electromagnet 8, the power-off moment is calculated and determined. At this power-off moment, the control mechanism 10 sends a command to the electromagnet 8 to turn off the electromagnetic field, so that the impact block 4 falls under the action of gravity and collides with the collision plate 5, realizing the optimal impact strategy and thus achieving the optimal vibration reduction effect.

[0059] (5) When the collision is complete, the bottom of the impact block 4 presses down on the impact rebound mechanism 6 and is rebounded to its original suspended position, continuing to move with the structure. The impact rebound mechanism 6 is set to provide an automatic rebound force for the impact block 4, eliminating the need to monitor the movement speed of the controlled structure and the impact block 4 to determine whether the collision has ended, thus avoiding the influence of the time lag caused by the control program calculation and response during this process.

[0060] The working principle of the electromagnetically controlled semi-active impact damper in this embodiment is as follows.

[0061] In the initial preload state, electromagnet 8 is activated, and impact block 4 is suspended atop impact track 5. When the high-rise main structure vibrates horizontally due to external excitation, the damper moves with the main structure, and impact block 4, under the action of permanent magnet 12, generates horizontal motion. Sensor mechanism 9 collects motion information, such as displacement, velocity, and acceleration, of both the high-rise structure and impact block 4. The optimal impact calculation program in control mechanism 10 calculates the impact position of impact block 4. Based on the calculated results, electromagnet 8 is deactivated at a specific moment, causing impact block 4 to descend and collide with collision plate 5, achieving effective momentum exchange and energy dissipation with the high-rise main structure. Upon collision, impact block 4 lands on impact track 5. The bottom of impact block 4 presses down on telescopic column 20 of impact rebound mechanism 6, causing impact rebound mechanism 6 to transition from its initial state to a downward-pressing activation state and an upward-rebounding state, pushing impact block 4 upward, returning it to its original suspended height and continuing to follow the movement of the high-rise main structure. Simultaneously, reset electromagnet 14 is activated, returning impact rebound mechanism 6 to its initial preload state.

[0062] Example 4:

[0063] The present embodiment is an electromagnetically controlled semi-active impact damper, comprising an outer box 1 and a motion system 2 and an equipment system 3 installed in the outer box 1. A plurality of permanent magnets 12 are installed at intervals on the inner side of the top of the outer box 1. The motion system 2 comprises an impact block 4, an impact track 5 and an impact rebound mechanism 6. The impact track 5 is fixed to the inner wall of the outer box 1, with a plurality of collision plates 7 arranged on the top and a plurality of electromagnets 8 arranged inside, so that the impact block 4 can realize the suspension function and the impact collision function. The impact rebound mechanism 6 is installed at the bottom of the impact track 5 to provide an upward driving force for the impact block 4 to return to the suspended state after the falling collision. The equipment system 3 comprises a sensing mechanism 9 and a control mechanism 10 installed on the inner wall of the outer box 1, and a power supply 11 installed at the bottom of the outer box 1.

[0064] The impact rebound mechanism 6 comprises a cylindrical body 13 with an irregular interior. A reset solenoid 14 is mounted at the bottom of the body, and a monitoring unit 15 is mounted on the inner wall. A compression spring 16 is mounted within the body 13. Its base is fixed to a platform extending from the interior of the body 13, and its top is fixedly connected to a pull rod 17. A reset spring 18 and a special-shaped spring 19 are mounted on top of the pull rod 17. A telescopic column 20 is mounted on top of the reset spring 18. The bottom of the telescopic column 20 extends through the hole in the top of the special-shaped spring 19, and its top extends through the hole in the bottom of the impact track 5.

[0065] The impact rebound mechanism 6 has different operating states: an initial preload state, a downward pressure start state, and an upward rebound state. In the initial preload state, the compression spring 16 and the special-shaped spring 19 of the impact rebound mechanism 6 are both compressed. One side of the special-shaped spring 19 is stuck in the groove on the inner wall of the cylinder 13, the bottom of the pull rod 17 is close to the reset solenoid 14, and the top of the telescopic column 20 is slightly higher than the hole at the bottom of the impact track 5. In the downward pressure start state, the telescopic column 20 presses downward, compressing the reset spring 18 and simultaneously driving the special-shaped spring 19 out of the groove on the inner wall of the cylinder 13, aligning the top of the telescopic column 20 with the hole in the impact track 5. In the upward rebound state, the compression spring 16 and the reset spring 18 extend due to their own rigidity, driving the pull rod 17 and the telescopic column 20 upward. The top of the telescopic column 20 extends from the hole in the impact track 5 to a greater extent than in the initial preload state. The configuration of the impact rebound mechanism 6 enables the impact block 4 to return to its suspended height more quickly after a collision, thereby improving response speed.

[0066] After the impact rebound mechanism 6 completes the upward rebound state, the reset electromagnetic 14 identifies the position information of the pull rod 17 through the monitoring unit 15 and turns on the electromagnetic attraction pull rod 17 to restore the impact rebound mechanism 6 to the initial state.

[0067] An optimal impact calculation and control program is set in the control mechanism 10. By receiving the structure and motion information (displacement, velocity, acceleration, etc.) of the impact block 4 collected by the sensing mechanism 9, the optimal impact position of the impact block is calculated, and the magnetic field of the electromagnet 8 is controlled to achieve the optimal collision between the impact block 4 and the collision plate 7, thereby achieving the optimal vibration reduction effect.

[0068] The outer box 1 is sealed with a magnetically resistant graphene foam material to prevent external magnetic fields from interfering with the damper's internal control system. Permanent magnets 12 are mounted on the top inner side of the outer box, with gaps between them. Their magnetic properties are opposite to those of the impact block 4, providing driving force for the impact block 4 when the controlled structure vibrates.

[0069] The magnetic magnitude and direction of the electromagnet 8 should be able to enable the impact block 4 to float on the top of the impact track 5 when it is stationary. When the impact block 4 moves horizontally with the movement of the controlled structure, the strength of the electromagnet 8 remains unchanged. The control mechanism 10 calculates the optimal impact position based on the motion information collected by the sensor mechanism 9, and sends an electromagnetic shutdown instruction to the electromagnet 8 at a specific time based on the calculation result, so that the impact block 4 drops under the action of gravity and collides with the collision plate 7. At the same time as the collision is completed, the bottom of the impact block 4 presses down on the impact rebound mechanism 6 and is rebounded to the original suspended position and follows the movement of the structure.

[0070] The power supply 11 provides power to the sensing mechanism 9 , the control mechanism 10 and the impact rebound mechanism 6 through line connections.

[0071] The bottom of the pull rod 17 is made of magnetic metal and can fall under the action of the reset electromagnet 14 and return to its initial position.

[0072] The collision plate 7 includes a middle collision plate 7 a and an end collision plate 7 b . When the control mechanism 10 calculates that the optimal collision position exceeds the stroke of the impact track 5 , the impact block 4 collides with the inner wall of the box body 1 .

[0073] The working principle of this embodiment is:

[0074] The electromagnetically controlled semi-active impact damper of this embodiment is fixed at the maximum position of the vibration response of the controlled main structure when in use. Figure 1 The X direction is the primary control direction. In the initial state, electromagnet 8 is turned on, and impact block 4 is suspended atop impact track 5. When the controlled structure vibrates horizontally under external environmental stimulation, the damper moves with the structure, and impact block 4, under the action of permanent magnet 12, generates horizontal motion. Sensor mechanism 9 collects motion information, such as displacement, velocity, and acceleration, of the structure and impact block 4. The optimal impact calculation program in control mechanism 10 calculates the collision position of impact block 4. Based on the calculated results, electromagnet 8 is turned off at a specific moment, causing impact block 4 to descend and collide with collision plate 7, achieving effective momentum exchange and energy dissipation with the structure. Upon collision, impact block 4 lands on impact track 5. The bottom of impact block 4 presses down on telescopic column 20 of impact rebound mechanism 6, causing the impact rebound mechanism 6 to transition from its initial state to a downward-pressing activation state and an upward-rebounding state, pushing impact block 4 upward, returning it to its original suspended height and continuing to follow the structure's motion. Simultaneously, reset electromagnet 14 is turned on, returning the impact rebound mechanism 6 to its initial preloaded state.

[0075] The above description of the embodiments is intended to facilitate understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be apparent that those skilled in the art can readily make various modifications to these embodiments and apply the general principles described herein to other embodiments without requiring inventive effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the disclosure of the present invention, without departing from the scope of the present invention, should be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electromagnetically controlled semi-active impact damper, integrally mounted on a main structure requiring vibration control, characterized in that: It comprises an outer box (1) and a motion system (2) and an equipment system (3) installed in the outer box (1); The motion system (2) includes an impact block (4), an impact track (5) and an impact rebound mechanism (6); A permanent magnet (12) for providing driving force for the impact block (4) is installed inside the outer box (1); The impact rebound mechanism (6) is installed at the bottom of the impact track (5), the top of the impact rebound mechanism (6) can extend from the impact track (5), and an electromagnet (8) is arranged inside the impact track (5); The impact block (4) is regulated by the permanent magnet (12), the electromagnet (8) and the equipment system (3) to achieve suspension and impact collision above the impact track (5).

2. The electromagnetically controlled semi-active impact damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer box (1) is made of a sealed material that resists magnetic interference. A plurality of permanent magnets (12) are installed at intervals on the inner side of the top of the outer box (1), with gaps left between the permanent magnets (12). The magnetism of the permanent magnets (12) is opposite to that of the impact block (4).

3. The electromagnetically controlled semi-active impact damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impact track (5) is installed on the inner side wall of the outer box (1), and a plurality of collision plates (7) are arranged on the top of the impact track (5).

4. The electromagnetically controlled semi-active impact damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impact rebound mechanism (6) is provided with a cylinder (13) with an irregular interior, and a reset electromagnetic (14) is installed at the bottom of the cylinder (13); A compression spring (16) is installed in the cylinder (13), and the top of the compression spring (16) is fixedly connected to the pull rod (17); a return spring (18) and a special-shaped spring (19) are installed on the top of the pull rod (17); a telescopic column (20) is installed on the top of the return spring (18), and the bottom of the telescopic column (20) passes through the top of the special-shaped spring (19), and the top of the telescopic column (20) extends from the bottom of the impact track (5).

5. The electromagnetically controlled semi-active impact damper according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner wall of the cylinder (13) is provided with a protruding platform, and the compression spring (16) is installed on the protruding platform; the inner wall of the cylinder (13) is provided with a groove, and one side of the special-shaped spring (19) in the initial state is stuck in the groove.

6. The electromagnetically controlled semi-active impact damper according to claim 4, characterized in that: The top of the telescopic column (20) can pass through the hole at the upper end of the cylinder (13), and the bottom of the telescopic column (20) is provided with a protruding platform, which is arranged below the hole and has a diameter greater than the diameter of the hole.

7. The electromagnetically controlled semi-active impact damper according to claim 4, characterized in that: A monitoring unit (15) for identifying position information of a pull rod (17) is installed on the inner side wall of the cylinder (13). The bottom of the pull rod (17) is made of magnetic metal. The monitoring unit (15) is connected to a reset electromagnetic (14).

8. The electromagnetically controlled semi-active impact damper according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device system (3) comprises a sensing mechanism (9) and a control mechanism (10) mounted on the inner wall of the outer box (1), and a power supply (11) mounted on the bottom of the outer box (1); the power supply (11) provides power to the sensing mechanism (9), the control mechanism (10) and the impact rebound mechanism (6) through line connections.

9. The electromagnetically controlled semi-active impact damper according to claim 8, characterized in that: The sensing mechanism (9) collects movement information of the main structure and the impact block (4), and the control mechanism (10) receives signals from the sensing mechanism (9) and controls the magnetic field of the electromagnet (8).

10. Application of the electromagnetically controlled semi-active impact damper according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in the field of vibration control of civil engineering structures.

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