A planting method for improving the survival rate of transplanted ecological revetment trees

Abstract

The present invention relates to a planting method for improving the survival rate of transplanted ecological revetment trees, comprising the following steps: 1) determining the transplanting time of ecological revetment trees; 2) determining the type of trees to be transplanted on the ecological revetment; 3) preparing three types of nutrient soil; 4) digging a tree hole; 5) first soil consolidation; 6) planting the tree; 7) "three-layer" soil filling; 8) tree support; 9) second soil consolidation; 10) post-planting maintenance and management; 11) root watering to "harden the seedlings"; 12) root water control to "harden the seedlings"; 13) management to ensure that the water level recedes below the bottom of the tree hole; 14) third ecological soil consolidation. The planting method of the present invention can effectively prevent soil loss at the roots of amphibious trees, promote the germination and growth of the tree root system, improve the tree survival rate, and early realize the tree's soil consolidation, embankment protection, beautification, and ecological effects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and relates to a method for planting "amphibious" trees in ecological revetments, in particular to a planting method for improving the survival rate of transplanted ecological revetment trees. Background Art

[0002] Ecological revetments are artificial waterfront revetments that restore the permeability of natural riverbanks. Planting amphibious plants within these revetments not only creates a vibrant, layered, and seasonal effect, but their robust root systems stabilize the revetments, aligning with water flow and enhancing their flood control and embankment protection capabilities. Particularly in cities, ecological revetments can ensure safe flood control and drainage, improve the ecological environment of rivers and lakes, and meet the pursuit of a better living environment while enhancing the water-friendliness of rivers and lakes. Ecological revetments are an ecologically based, safety-oriented engineering approach, grounded in an understanding of ecosystems and ensuring the continuation of biodiversity. By breaking up the monotony of the waterfront, creating ecologically friendly, hydrophilic slopes, and creating a rich riverside plant landscape, they can restore natural conditions to a certain extent, reinvigorating the exchange of substances between soil and water that had been blocked by hardened river channels, and ultimately restoring urban ecosystems.

[0003] However, due to the flood control purpose of waterfront revetments, the resulting soil hardening, the alternating wet and dry seasons of the revetments hindering tree root growth, the steep slopes leading to soil erosion, the erosion of soil in tree pits by waves during wet seasons, and strong winds in waterfront areas have significantly impacted the survival and landscape restoration of these "amphibious" trees. Existing tree transplanting techniques are highly susceptible to problems such as exposed roots, tree collapse, stunted growth, or even death.

[0004] In view of the above technical defects of the existing technology, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of "amphibious" tree planting method in ecological revetments. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and provide a planting method for improving the survival rate of transplanted ecological revetment trees. The method can effectively prevent soil loss at the roots of amphibious trees, promote the germination and growth of tree roots, improve the survival rate of trees, and give full play to the embankment protection, beautification and ecological effects of trees as early as possible.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A planting method for improving the survival rate of transplanted ecological revetment trees, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0008] 1) Determine the time to transplant trees on the ecological revetment: Transplant trees when the water level on the ecological revetment drops to the normal water level;

[0009] 2) Determine the types of trees to be transplanted on the ecological revetment: Select "amphibious" plants that are both water-resistant and drought-resistant as trees to be transplanted on the ecological revetment;

[0010] 3) Three kinds of nutrient soil are selected: the first is the heart soil, whose bulk density is controlled at 0.8-1.0g / cm3, which is prepared by garden soil, peat, and decomposed organic fertilizer in a mass ratio of 3:1:1, and 8-10kg of superphosphate is added to each cubic meter of the heart soil. At the same time, 10g of EM bacteria for planting is added to each cubic meter of the heart soil. 10g of EM bacteria for planting and 500g of brown sugar are mixed with 10kg of water, stirred evenly, and sprinkled into the heart soil. After moistening with water and stirring again, it is covered with a film for standby use; the second is the subsoil, whose bulk density is controlled at 1.0-1.25g / cm3, which is prepared by loam, peat, and decomposed organic fertilizer in a mass ratio of 6:1:1. The method of adding superphosphate and EM bacteria is the same as the preparation process of the heart soil; the third is the topsoil, whose bulk density is controlled at 1.25-1.5g / cm3, and loam or clay is directly used;

[0011] 4) Digging a tree hole: The diameter of the tree hole should be 1.5-2.0 times the diameter of the soil ball of the transplanted tree, and the depth of the tree hole should be 1.3-1.7 times the height of the soil ball of the transplanted tree. The hole wall should be smooth and vertical, with the upper opening and lower bottom consistent;

[0012] 5) First soil consolidation: Use bamboo to surround the hole, using the "one deep and two shallow" method. That is, the lower part of one bamboo is 10-20cm deep into the bottom of the hole, and the upper part is 30-40cm higher than the highest point of the hole. The upper parts of the two bamboos are at the same height as the first one, and the lower parts reach 1 / 2 of the upper part of the soil ball brought by the transplanted tree. Use biodegradable ropes to fix the bamboos together, and repeat this process to surround the hole once more.

[0013] 6) Planting trees: Adjust the sunny side or viewing side of the transplanted trees according to the landscape requirements and site conditions, and use machinery to carry out hanging planting. The transplanted trees are planted in the tree holes. Before hanging planting, the bottom of the tree hole is filled with the prepared heart soil. The thickness of the heart soil is such that the surface of the soil ball is level with the lowest point of the tree hole after the soil ball is placed in the tree hole. At the same time, 100g of long-acting slow-release fertilizer is evenly sprinkled in the heart soil.

[0014] 7) "Three-layer" soil filling: After the tree is planted, 3-4 air-permeable tubes are inserted obliquely around the soil ball of the transplanted tree. At the same time, the prepared subsoil is filled around the bottom and lower 1 / 3 of the soil ball of the transplanted tree, and it is compacted to avoid voids; the prepared subsoil is filled around the middle 1 / 3 of the soil ball of the transplanted tree, and it is compacted again to avoid voids; the prepared topsoil is filled around the upper 1 / 3 of the soil ball of the transplanted tree, and it is further compacted to avoid voids. In the filling process, 300-500g of long-acting slow-release fertilizer is evenly sprinkled;

[0015] 8) Tree support: First, use straw rope or moisture-retaining tape to wrap from the base of the trunk of the transplanted tree to the branching point, then set up the support pole 30-40cm above the balance point of the transplanted tree, and wrap the junction of the support pole and the transplanted tree with soft material for protection;

[0016] 9) Second soil consolidation: After watering the roots, use an antioxidant breathable bag, mix vermiculite with a diameter of 4-8 mm and peat in a mass ratio of 5:1, and put it into the breathable bag. Fill 60%-70% of the breathable bag volume. The breathable bag is 70-80 cm long and 35-40 cm wide. Tie the bag and lay it flat in the tree hole surrounded by bamboo to form a protective layer.

[0017] 10) Post-planting care: During normal planting seasons, depending on the density of the tree's crown branches, cut back no more than 1 / 3 of the branches and leaves; during off-season transplants, cut back no more than 1 / 2 of the branches and leaves; keep the cut smooth and apply a wound protectant; water the soil in the hole when it is dry and then moisten it. During periods of high temperature and drought, spray the trunk and crown with water once in the morning and evening on sunny days to keep them moist; during the growing season, irrigate the roots with a rooting agent diluted 1500 times.

[0018] 11) Root irrigation to "harden the seedlings": During the second year's flood season, that is, 10-15 days before flooding the base of the tree pit, water the roots to maintain 100% soil moisture. Observe the moisture content in the tree pit through the buried air pipe. When it drops to 1 / 2, continue watering the roots. Before flooding, use a white or green sunshade net connected to the bamboo to fix the air bag flat in the tree pit.

[0019] 12) Control water at the roots to "harden the seedlings": After the water level recedes to below the bottom of the tree hole, observe the water content in the tree hole through the air permeable tube. When it is less than 2 / 3, water the roots; when the water level in the tree hole is observed to be less than 1 / 2 again, water the roots; when the water level in the tree hole drops to 1 / 3 for the third time, water the roots; after that, the soil at the roots is wetted alternately; while controlling water at the roots, moisturize the trunk and crown to increase the air humidity around the tree. On sunny days, spray water on the trunk and crown twice a day in the morning and afternoon. This will meet the transpiration of water from the branches and leaves while gradually improving the tree roots' tolerance to drought.

[0020] 13) Management after the water level recedes to below the bottom of the tree pit: After observing that the water level has dropped below the bottom of the tree pit, remove the surface fixed sunshade net and the breathable bag covering the surface to loosen the soil in the tree pit. After loosening the soil in the tree pit, use 70% carbendazim powder diluted 600 times to irrigate the roots 1-2 times, and use rooting powder diluted 1000 times to irrigate the roots to promote new root germination; continue to cover the surface of the tree pit with breathable bags filled with vermiculite and peat. Straighten the tilted trees in time, check the trunk wrapping and support, and reinforce them in time if they are loose;

[0021] 14) The third ecological soil consolidation: In the third year after the transplanted trees survive, remove the breathable bags and breathable tubes used in the second soil consolidation, pour the vermiculite and peat in the breathable bags used for the second soil consolidation into the tree hole, shallowly turn the soil near the base of the trunk to a depth of 5-10cm; deep turn the soil near the outside of the tree hole to a depth of 10-20cm, and select some "amphibious" ground covers to plant in the tree hole.

[0022] Preferably, the trees transplanted for ecological revetments are mulberry trees, maple poplars, bald cypress, pond cypress, Chinese tallow tree, Chinese fern or weeping willows.

[0023] Preferably, the selected "amphibious" ground cover is Acorus iris, Polygonum multiflorum, Bermuda grass or Trachelospermum variegatum.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the planting method of the present invention for improving the survival rate of transplanted ecological revetment trees has one or more of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0025] 1. The present invention can effectively prevent soil loss at the roots of transplanted amphibious trees, promote the germination and growth of tree roots, and improve the survival rate of trees through comprehensive means.

[0026] 2. The present invention significantly improves the survival rate of transplanted trees, and the trees recover quickly after transplantation, so that the trees can quickly play their role in consolidating soil and protecting embankments, beautifying the environment, and achieving ecological effects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 The invention is a flow chart of a planting method for improving the survival rate of transplanted ecological revetment trees. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, and the contents of the examples are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] In response to the problem of low survival rate of transplanted ecological revetment trees in the existing technology, the present invention provides a planting method for improving the survival rate of transplanted ecological revetment trees, which can effectively prevent soil loss at the roots of amphibious trees, promote the germination and growth of tree roots, improve the survival rate of trees, and early play the role of trees in consolidating soil and protecting embankments, beautifying and having ecological effects.

[0030] Figure 1 The flow chart of the planting method for improving the survival rate of ecological revetment tree transplanting of the present invention is shown. Figure 1 As shown, the planting method for improving the survival rate of ecological revetment tree transplanting of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0031] (1) Determine the transplanting time of ecological revetment trees

[0032] Transplant as soon as the ecological revetment water level drops to the perennial level. Specifically, keep in touch with the meteorological and water conservancy departments to learn about the perennial revetment water level, especially the times of flooding and receding over the past three years. Prepare for planting seedlings in advance and maximize the growth and recovery time of newly planted seedlings before the ecological revetment is flooded in the second year. This will help promote rooting and leafing of newly planted seedlings, ensuring they develop deep roots and lush leaves in the revetment environment before flooding in the second year, thereby improving the trees' tolerance to flooding or other adverse climates.

[0033] (2) Selection and requirements of seedlings, that is, determining the types of trees to be transplanted to the ecological revetment

[0034] Ecological revetments experience alternating wet and dry seasons, particularly during wet seasons when soil moisture can be high, even submerging the lower and middle parts of trees. Therefore, drought-tolerant and mesophytic seedlings should be avoided. Instead, "amphibious" plants with both water and drought tolerance are recommended, such as mulberry, maple poplar, bald cypress, pond cypress, Chinese tallow tree, Chinese holly, and weeping willow. Local native trees should be prioritized, with strong branches, good growth potential, and no pests or diseases. Nursery seedlings with well-developed root systems should be transplanted multiple times, with strong lateral and fibrous roots near the rhizome. Container seedlings should be used for off-season planting or supplementary planting.

[0035] (3) Selection of nutrient soils of different textures, that is, preparation of three types of nutrient soils

[0036] Due to the stability and strength required by the project, the ecological revetment is built directly on a solid soil layer or compacted with lime soil. The places where plants are planned to be planted need to be improved or planted with imported soil to provide good site conditions and soil foundation for tree growth. There are three types of nutrient soils for imported soil: one is prepared with "heart soil", and the bulk density is controlled at 0.8-1.0g / cm 3 , you can use garden soil, peat, and decomposed organic fertilizer in a ratio of 3:1:1. Add 8-10kg of phosphorus fertilizer (superphosphate) to each cubic meter of soil. At the same time, add 10g of planting EM bacteria to each cubic meter of nutrient soil. Mix 10g of planting EM bacteria and 500g of brown sugar with 10kg of water, stir evenly and sprinkle it into the nutrient soil. Add water to moisten it, stir it again, and cover it with a film for later use; Second, "subsoil", the bulk density is controlled at 1.0-1.25g / cm 3 , loam, peat, and decomposed organic fertilizer can be prepared in a ratio of 6:1:1. The method of adding superphosphate and bacteria can refer to the method of preparing subsoil; turn it evenly and pile it for use; 3. Prepare the "topsoil" and control the bulk density at 1.25-1.5g / cm 3You can directly use loam or clay that meets the requirements. During planting, use disinfectants, rooting powder, and long-release fertilizers. The "subsoil" and "subsoil" have good physical and chemical properties, which are conducive to the growth of new tree roots. The "topsoil" has a high bulk density, which is beneficial for soil and water conservation. Planting EM bacteria can increase beneficial soil microorganisms, activate the soil, loosen the soil, increase soil permeability, and prevent soil compaction. This can continuously improve the soil properties around the roots of trees planted on the revetment, protecting the roots and strengthening the seedlings.

[0037] (4) Digging holes for tree planting

[0038] Considering the combined needs of revetment stability and tree growth, the tree pit should be slightly larger than a typical planting hole. Too large will not stabilize the revetment, while too small will not be conducive to root growth. The width of the pit should be 1.5-2.0 times the diameter of the soil ball, and the depth should be 1.3-1.7 times the height of the soil ball carried by the transplanted tree. The pit walls should be smooth and vertical, with the top and bottom aligned. Nutrient soil can be added after the tree is planted. The thickness of the soil should be such that the surface of the soil ball is level with the lowest point of the pit after the soil ball is placed in the pit. This provides good soil and nutrients for the root system to germinate and grow.

[0039] (5) First soil consolidation

[0040] The revetment generally has a certain slope, and daily rainwater and waves during flood season can easily cause soil erosion in the tree pit. Use bamboo to surround the tree pit. One bamboo should be 10-20cm deep into the bottom of the pit, and the upper part should be 30-40cm higher than the highest point of the pit. Then, two bamboos should be placed at the same level as the first one, and the lower part should reach 1 / 2 of the upper part of the soil ball. The bamboos should be fixed with easily degradable ropes, and the tree pit should be surrounded by a "one deep and two shallow" method. This method is used to prevent soil erosion around the soil ball after the tree is planted. The "one deep" method is conducive to the stability of the enclosure, and the "two shallow" methods leave space for the roots to grow outward later. If bamboos are used to penetrate deep into the bottom of the pit on all sides, although the soil fixing effect will be enhanced, it will also easily hinder the germination and growth of the new roots of the tree to the surrounding areas, which will have an adverse effect on the later growth of the tree. At the same time, it will weaken the role of the tree roots in consolidating the embankment, and the tree will be prone to lodging.

[0041] (6) Tree planting

[0042] The tree species must meet the relevant requirements of (2). The trees must be inspected before planting. If the tree balls are scattered during transplanting or transportation, the main trunk is damaged to a large area, or the seedlings are seriously damaged by diseases and insect pests, they must be replaced. Only trees with well-developed root systems and vigorous growth can be planted. Adjust the sunny side or viewing side of the tree to meet the site conditions and landscape requirements. Try to use machinery for hanging planting to avoid damage to the soil ball and seedlings. Before hanging planting, fill the bottom of the tree hole with "heart soil". The thickness of the heart soil should be such that the surface of the soil ball is level with the lowest point of the tree hole after the soil ball is placed in the tree hole. At the same time, evenly sprinkle 100g of long-lasting slow-release fertilizer.

[0043] (7) “Three-layer” fill

[0044] Due to the stability and strength requirements of the ecological revetment, the soil is heavy and hardened. To ensure optimal growth and recovery of trees after planting, especially before flooding in the second year, and to improve their tolerance to flooding, imported soil is used whenever possible. After the trees are positioned according to the landscape requirements and site conditions, 3-4 ventilation tubes are inserted diagonally around the soil ball. The base of the soil ball and the lower 1 / 3 of the ball are filled with prepared "core soil," compacted to avoid voids. The middle 1 / 3 is filled with "subsoil," compacted, and the upper 1 / 3 is filled with "topsoil," compacted. During the filling process, 300-500g of long-lasting, slow-release fertilizer is evenly spread to provide sufficient nutrients for tree growth. The characteristics of the "heart soil," "subsoil," and "topsoil" used to fill the tree pit are inverted from the normal soil structure. The soil in the middle and lower parts of the soil ball has better fertility and texture, which is conducive to root germination and growth. The upper part has a high bulk density and reduces soil erosion. The addition of buried air pipes facilitates aeration and replenishment of water and nutrients at the roots, facilitating later observation of water conditions within the tree pit. The application of long-term, slow-release fertilizers not only provides nutrients to the trees, but also reduces the frequency of subsequent fertilization and minimizes the impact of conventional fertilizers on water quality around the revetment.

[0045] (8) Tree support

[0046] Ecological revetments are exposed to strong winds, especially during flood season when the soil in the tree pits becomes waterlogged and soft, making it extremely easy for trees to tilt or fall over. This can damage the soil ball, break new roots, or even kill newly planted trees. Therefore, firm support is essential. First, wrap straw rope or moisture-retaining tape from the base of the trunk to the branching point. Position support poles 30-40cm above the tree's balance point, wrapping the joints with soft material for protection. Triangular stakes can be used, driven into the revetment close to the ground, and then re-secured to the support poles. Support must be firm and free of looseness to prevent wind and rain from shaking the tree, breaking new roots, and affecting root growth and tree recovery.

[0047] (9) Second soil consolidation

[0048] To reduce soil erosion caused by daily rain and erosion during flood seasons, a second soil consolidation step is necessary. Use anti-aging breathable bags 70-80cm long and 35-40cm wide. Mix 4-8mm vermiculite and peat in a 5:1 ratio and pack them into the bag. Generally, fill the bag to 60%-70% of the total volume and secure the bag tightly for easy laying. If one bag is insufficient for laying flat, add more bags or make the bag wider than the diameter of the tree hole. Reduce the volume of vermiculite and peat in the bag, fold the bag to adjust the width as needed, and lay it flat within the bamboo-enclosed tree hole to form a "protective layer." During flood seasons, secure the bag again with white or green shade netting connected to the bamboo to prevent loss. After absorbing water, vermiculite can reach 7-8 times its own weight, while peat can reach 3-4 times its own weight. During dry season rain or after watering the tree pit, the "protective layer" absorbs moisture, extending the soil's moisture retention, providing essential moisture for tree growth. Furthermore, during the rainy season, the increased weight of the "protective layer" prevents soil erosion and, after flooding, it also mitigates soil loss caused by wave erosion. It also helps prevent weed growth. Dry vermiculite and peat are extremely lightweight, making them easy to transport and install on unusual terrain. Later, they can be used to improve the "topsoil" above the tree pit, reducing the cost of transporting cover materials.

[0049] (10) Post-planting maintenance and management

[0050] During the normal planting season, when transplanting, prune no more than 1 / 3 of the branches and leaves depending on the density of the crown branches. For off-season transplanting, prune about 1 / 2 of the branches and leaves. For container seedlings, prune only some overcrowded branches. Keep the cut smooth and apply a wound protectant. After watering the tree to establish roots, moisten the soil in the pit once every morning and evening. During hot and dry weather, spray the trunk and crown with water once in the morning and evening to moisten the soil. During the growing season, irrigate the roots with a rooting agent diluted 1500 times. Strengthen pest and disease control. In special ecological locations such as water sources and around water bodies, use pesticides that meet national standards and apply small amounts frequently to avoid water pollution.

[0051] (11) Root irrigation to “harden seedlings” and improve the water tolerance of trees

[0052] During the flood season, soil moisture levels are high, even to the point where the entire root system is submerged. In addition to transplanting the seedlings early to prolong their growth on the revetment and quickly establish strong seedlings, it's also important to "harden" the seedlings in advance to improve their root system's tolerance to flooding. This is done as follows: During the flood season of the second year, 10-15 days before flooding the base of the tree pit, water the roots to maintain 100% soil moisture. Observe the water level in the pit through a breather tube. When it drops to about 1 / 2, continue watering the roots. This cycle improves the tree's root system's water tolerance until the lower part of the tree is submerged in water during the flood season. Before flooding, secure the tree pit with white or green shade netting attached to the bamboo to avoid covering the pit surface with bags to create a "protective layer." Strengthen the tree's support to prevent it from tilting or falling. During the flood season, conduct regular inspections and remove large floating objects near the tree to prevent damage.

[0053] (12) Root water control to “harden seedlings” and improve root drought resistance

[0054] After the water level recedes to below the bottom of the tree pit, monitor the water content through the air vent. When it drops below 2 / 3, water the roots. Again, when the water level drops below 1 / 2, water the roots. A third time, when the water level drops to 1 / 3, water the roots. This gradually strengthens the root system's physiological metabolic activity and its ability to transport nutrients and water. The soil around the roots is then alternately moistened and dried, stimulating new root sprouting and gradually improving the root system's drought tolerance. While controlling water at the roots, spray the trunk and crown twice daily, morning and afternoon, on sunny days, to moisturize the trunk and crown and increase the humidity around the tree. Providing controlled water gradually improves the roots' ability to withstand drought, enhances their ability to absorb nutrients and water, and stimulates new root sprouting, providing the tree with the nutrients and water it needs for growth. When improving root drought tolerance, pay close attention to observation and inspection, especially monitoring weather conditions in advance, and adjust response measures accordingly.

[0055] (13) Management after the water level recedes to below the bottom of the tree pit

[0056] Once the water level drops below the bottom of the pit, remove the shade net and bags covering the pit to loosen the soil. Irrigate the roots one or two times with 70% carbendazim powder diluted 600 times, intermittently using rooting powder diluted 1000 times to promote new root growth. Continue covering the pit with bags filled with vermiculite and peat. Straighten any leaning trees promptly. Check the trunk wrappings and supports, and reinforce any loosened ones. Depending on the tree's growth and weather conditions, thin out some branches and leaves to reduce transpiration. Replace dead trees promptly, and replant with container seedlings if necessary.

[0057] (14) The third ecological soil consolidation

[0058] In the third year after the tree is established, if it is growing well and has deep roots and lush leaves, you can remove the "secondary soil-stabilizing bag" and the air tube. Pour the vermiculite and peat from the second soil-stabilizing bag into the tree hole. Use the vermiculite and peat to improve the topsoil. Shallowly turn the soil near the base of the trunk to a depth of 5-10 cm, and deeply turn the soil around the perimeter of the hole to a depth of 10-20 cm. Select some "amphibious" ground cover and plant it in the tree hole. Choose iris, water pepper, bermudagrass, or variegated trachelospermum. This will not only stabilize the soil again but also create an ecological landscape.

[0059] The above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for the purpose of clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other variations or modifications based on the above description are possible. It is not possible to enumerate all embodiments here. Any obvious variations or modifications arising from the technical solutions of the present invention remain within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A planting method for improving the survival rate of transplanted ecological revetment trees, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Determine the time to transplant trees on the ecological revetment: Transplant trees when the water level on the ecological revetment drops to the normal water level; 2) Determine the types of trees to be transplanted on the ecological revetment: Select "amphibious" plants that are both water-resistant and drought-resistant as trees to be transplanted on the ecological revetment; 3) Three kinds of nutrient soil are selected: the first is the heart soil, whose bulk density is controlled at 0.8-1.0g / cm3, which is prepared by garden soil, peat, and decomposed organic fertilizer in a mass ratio of 3:1:1, and 8-10kg of superphosphate is added to each cubic meter of the heart soil. At the same time, 10g of EM bacteria for planting is added to each cubic meter of the heart soil. 10g of EM bacteria for planting and 500g of brown sugar are mixed with 10kg of water, stirred evenly, and sprinkled into the heart soil. After moistening with water and stirring again, it is covered with a film for standby use; the second is the subsoil, whose bulk density is controlled at 1.0-1.25g / cm3, which is prepared by loam, peat, and decomposed organic fertilizer in a mass ratio of 6:1:

1. The method of adding superphosphate and EM bacteria is the same as the preparation process of the heart soil; the third is the topsoil, whose bulk density is controlled at 1.25-1.5g / cm3, and loam or clay is directly used; 4) Digging a tree hole: The diameter of the tree hole should be 1.5-2.0 times the diameter of the soil ball of the transplanted tree, and the depth of the tree hole should be 1.3-1.7 times the height of the soil ball of the transplanted tree. The hole wall should be smooth and vertical, with the upper opening and lower bottom consistent; 5) First soil consolidation: Use bamboo to surround the hole, using the "one deep and two shallow" method. That is, the lower part of one bamboo is 10-20cm deep into the bottom of the hole, and the upper part is 30-40cm higher than the highest point of the hole. Then, the upper parts of two bamboos are at the same height as the first one, and the lower parts reach 1 / 2 of the upper part of the soil ball of the transplanted tree. Use biodegradable ropes to secure the bamboos together. Repeat this process to surround the hole once more. 6) Planting trees: Adjust the sunny side or the viewing side of the transplanted trees, and use machinery to carry out hanging planting. The transplanted trees are planted in the tree holes. Before hanging planting, the bottom of the tree holes is filled with the prepared heart soil. The thickness of the heart soil is such that the surface of the soil ball is level with the lowest point of the tree hole after the soil ball is placed in the tree hole. At the same time, 100g of long-acting slow-release fertilizer is evenly sprinkled in the heart soil. 7) "Three-layer" soil filling: After the tree is planted, 3-4 air-permeable tubes are inserted obliquely around the soil ball of the transplanted tree. At the same time, the prepared subsoil is filled around the bottom and lower 1 / 3 of the soil ball, and compacted to avoid voids; the prepared subsoil is filled around the middle 1 / 3 of the soil ball, and compacted again to avoid voids; the prepared topsoil is filled around the upper 1 / 3 of the soil ball, and compacted again to avoid voids. During the filling process, 300-500g of long-acting slow-release fertilizer is evenly sprinkled. 8) Tree support: First, use straw rope or moisture-retaining tape to wrap from the base of the trunk of the transplanted tree to the branching point, then set up the support pole 30-40cm above the balance point of the transplanted tree, and wrap the junction of the support pole and the transplanted tree with soft material for protection; 9) Second soil consolidation: Use an antioxidant breathable bag, mix vermiculite with a diameter of 4-8 mm and peat in a mass ratio of 5:1 and put it into the breathable bag, filling 60%-70% of the breathable bag volume. The breathable bag is 70-80 cm long and 35-40 cm wide. Tie the bag and lay it flat in the tree hole surrounded by bamboo to form a protective layer. 10) Post-planting care: During normal planting seasons, depending on the density of the tree's crown branches, cut back no more than 1 / 3 of the branches and leaves; during off-season transplanting, cut back no more than 1 / 2 of the branches and leaves; keep the cut smooth and apply a wound protectant; water the tree sufficiently to establish roots, and then moisten the soil in the pit as needed. During periods of high temperature and drought, spray the trunk and crown with water once in the morning and evening to keep them moist; during the growing season, use a rooting agent diluted 1500 times to irrigate the roots 1-2 times; 11) Root irrigation for "hardening seedlings": During the second year's flood season, that is, 10-15 days before flooding the base of the tree pit, water the roots to maintain the soil moisture content at the roots at 100%. Observe the moisture content in the tree pit through the air permeable tube. When it drops to 1 / 2, continue watering the roots. Before flooding, use a white or green sunshade net connected to the bamboo to fix the air bag flat in the tree pit. 12) Control water at the roots to "harden the seedlings": After the water level recedes, observe the water content in the tree hole through the air permeable tube. When it is less than 2 / 3, water the roots. When the water level in the tree hole is observed to be less than 1 / 2 again, water the roots. When the water level drops to 1 / 3 for the third time, water the roots. After that, the soil at the roots is wetted alternately. While controlling water at the roots, moisturize the trunk and crown to increase the air humidity around the tree. On sunny days, spray the trunk and crown twice a day in the morning and afternoon to gradually improve the tree root system's tolerance to drought. 13) Management after the water level recedes to below the bottom of the tree pit: After observing that the water level has dropped below the bottom of the tree pit, remove the surface fixed sunshade net and the breathable bag covering the surface to loosen the soil in the tree pit. After loosening the soil in the tree pit, use 70% carbendazim powder diluted 600 times to irrigate the roots 1-2 times. Intermittently use rooting agent diluted 1000 times to irrigate the roots to promote new root germination; continue to cover the surface of the tree pit with breathable bags filled with vermiculite and peat. Straighten the tilted trees in time, check the trunk wrapping and support, and reinforce them in time if they are loose; 14) The third ecological soil consolidation: In the third year after the transplanted trees survive, remove the breathable bags and breathable tubes used in the second soil consolidation, pour the vermiculite and peat in the breathable bags used for the second soil consolidation into the tree hole, shallowly turn the soil near the base of the trunk to a depth of 5-10cm; deep turn the soil near the outside of the tree hole to a depth of 10-20cm, and select some "amphibious" ground covers to plant in the tree hole.

2. The planting method for improving the survival rate of transplanted ecological revetment trees according to claim 1, It is characterized by: The trees transplanted for ecological revetments are mulberry, maple poplar, bald cypress, pond cypress, Chinese tallow tree, Chinese fir, or weeping willow.

3. The planting method for improving the survival rate of transplanted ecological revetment trees according to claim 2, It is characterized by: The selected "amphibious" ground covers are iris, water pepper, bermudagrass or variegated jasmine.

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