An assembly and method for press-fitting a one-axis assembly

Abstract

The present application discloses a one-axis assembly pressing device and a pressing method, which relate to the technical field of gearbox component assembly, and include: a frame structure; a press base; a servo press head with a first rectangular structure, vertically slidably arranged within the frame structure; two clamping plates are provided on the bottom plate of the servo press head; an electric cylinder press head, the main part of which has a second rectangular structure, and the bottom plate of the servo press head is located within the middle cavity of the second rectangular structure; when it is necessary to press-fit the one-axis bearing with a bearing snap ring onto the one-axis body, the two clamping plates clamp the upper part of the one-axis body, the electric cylinder press head remains stationary, and the servo press head moves upward; when it is necessary to press-fit the one-axis assembly onto the front end face of the housing, the electric cylinder press head moves downward. The one-axis assembly pressing device and the pressing method of the present application design a unique one-axis assembly pressing device, which can quickly and efficiently complete the pressing process of the one-axis assembly itself and the pressing process of installing the one-axis assembly onto the front end face of the housing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of transmission component assembly, and specifically relates to a press-fitting device and a press-fitting method for a first shaft assembly. Background Art

[0002] Currently, during the assembly of existing transmissions, a first shaft assembly 10 (see Figure 1 ) is commonly used; the first shaft assembly 10 includes a first shaft body 3, a first shaft bearing 1, and a bearing snap ring 2.

[0003] In the prior art, the assembly process of the first shaft assembly 10 is to first sleeved and installed the bearing snap ring 2 onto the first shaft bearing 1, and then use a press to press-fit the first shaft bearing 1 with the bearing snap ring 2 onto the first shaft body 3 to form the first shaft assembly 10, and then distribute it to the assembly station of the first shaft assembly, and install the first shaft assembly on the transmission. When installing the first shaft assembly onto the transmission, usually workers use a copper hammer to knock and install the first shaft assembly 10 onto the transmission. Specifically, as Figure 2 shown, a corresponding bearing hole is reserved on the front end face 4 of the housing of the transmission. Workers use a copper hammer to install the first shaft assembly 10 into the bearing hole. During the assembly process, the first shaft assembly 10 needs to be rotated so that the outer spline structure 31 at the bottom of the first shaft body 3 meshes with the inner spline structure of the synchronizer cone ring 5.

[0004] Specifically, during the assembly process, the inner ring of the first shaft bearing 1 and the first shaft body 3 are in an interference fit, and the required press-fitting force is 1 - 3t. The outer ring of the first shaft bearing 1 with the bearing snap ring 2 and the bearing hole on the front end face 4 of the transmission housing are in a transition fit, and the required press-fitting force is 0 - 3t. After the first shaft assembly 10 is assembled to the front end face 4 of the transmission housing, the bearing snap ring 2 needs to be in contact with the front end face 4 of the housing. The bottom of the first shaft body 3 is a spline structure 31, and when the first shaft assembly 10 is assembled to the transmission, it has a clearance fit with the inner spline of the synchronizer cone ring 5.

[0005] However, in the prior art, the assembly process of the first shaft assembly 10 itself and the process of installing the first shaft assembly 10 onto the front end face 4 of the transmission housing have the following disadvantages:

[0006] ① The first shaft bearing 1 with the bearing snap ring 2 needs to be press-fitted onto the first shaft body 3 at a certain position by a special press to form the first shaft assembly 10, and then distributed to the assembly station of the first shaft assembly (another position) for manual assembly. This transportation process wastes manpower and material resources.

[0007] ② The first shaft assembly 10 needs to be knocked and installed onto the front end face 4 of the transmission housing by workers. This manual assembly process takes a long time and has low efficiency. The first shaft bearing 1 needs to be knocked and installed, which is easy to damage the bearing. Summary of the Invention

[0008] Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the purpose of this application is to provide a one-axis assembly pressing device and a pressing method. By designing a unique one-axis assembly pressing device, the pressing process of the one-axis assembly itself and the pressing process of installing the one-axis assembly on the front end face of the housing can be completed quickly and efficiently.

[0009] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted is: a one-axis assembly pressing device, the one-axis assembly includes a one-axis bearing, a bearing snap ring and a one-axis body, and the one-axis assembly pressing device includes:

[0010] A frame structure;

[0011] A press base horizontally arranged at the bottom of the frame structure, used to position the gearbox and make the front end face of its housing face horizontally upward;

[0012] A servo press head, which has a first rectangular structure with a horizontal axis and is vertically slidably arranged in the frame structure; two clamping plates that can be opened or closed are arranged on the bottom plate of the servo press head;

[0013] An electric cylinder press head vertically inserted into the servo press head and slidable, the main part of which has a second rectangular structure with a horizontal axis, and the bottom plate of the servo press head is located in the middle cavity of the second rectangular structure;

[0014] When it is necessary to press the one-axis bearing with a bearing snap ring onto the one-axis body, the two clamping plates clamp the upper part of the one-axis body, the electric cylinder press head remains stationary, and the servo press head moves upward; when it is necessary to press the one-axis assembly onto the front end face of the housing, the electric cylinder press head moves downward.

[0015] On the basis of the above technical solution, the one-axis assembly pressing device further includes a control center, an electric cylinder and a servo motor. The electric cylinder and the servo motor are both connected to the control center. The electric cylinder provides power for the electric cylinder press head, and the servo motor provides power for the servo press head.

[0016] On the basis of the above technical solution, an annular process groove is opened on the one-axis body, and the two clamping plates are used to clamp the annular process groove.

[0017] On the basis of the above technical solution, a receiving hole is opened in the center of the electric cylinder press head in the vertical direction. The bottom plate of the servo press head is a hollow bottom plate made of rectangular steel structure, and the rectangular groove of the hollow bottom plate opens in the left and right directions; a vertical avoidance hole is opened in the center of the hollow bottom plate. The receiving hole and the avoidance hole are coaxial and are both used to receive the upper part of the one-axis body; the two clamping plates are inserted into the rectangular groove of the hollow bottom plate from the left and right directions. When the two clamping plates clamp the annular process groove of the one-axis body, the axis of the one-axis body is coaxial with the avoidance hole.

[0018] Based on the above technical solution, the servo ram further includes two vertically arranged side plates symmetrically disposed on the left and right, and cylinders and wedge blocks are arranged on the outer sides of the two vertically arranged side plates;

[0019] The left and right end faces of the hollow bottom plate are flush with the vertical side plates on both sides. The left end of the left clamping plate and the right end of the right clamping plate both extend outwards from the rectangular groove of the hollow bottom plate;

[0020] The wedge block penetrates through the protruding end of the hollow bottom plate. When the cylinder controls the wedge block to move upwards, the two clamping plates separate from each other along the rectangular groove of the hollow bottom plate; when the cylinder controls the wedge block to move downwards, the two clamping plates clamp towards the center along the rectangular groove of the hollow bottom plate.

[0021] Based on the above technical solution, the one - shaft assembly pressing device further includes a shuttle for transporting the transmission structure, and the shuttle is arranged at the bottom of the frame structure; the shuttle includes a long - cylinder air cylinder, a long guide rod, a holding base and a support guide rail. A part of the support guide rail extends outside the frame structure, and the holding base is slidably arranged on the support guide rail; the long guide rod extends and retracts along the long - cylinder air cylinder, and one end of the long guide rod is connected to the holding base; the holding base is used for detachably connecting to the side wall of the transmission structure through a transition tooling structure.

[0022] Based on the above technical solution, the holding base includes a base body, two ejector pins and two small air cylinders. The small air cylinders are installed inside the base body, and the two small air cylinders respectively control the extension and retraction of the two ejector pins. The two ejector pins are used for inserting into the corresponding jacks of the paired transition tooling structure;

[0023] When the transmission structure is transported from outside the frame structure to the designated position through the support guide rail, the small air cylinder controls the ejector pins to retract.

[0024] This application also discloses a pressing method using the above - mentioned one - shaft assembly pressing device, which is characterized in that during pre - pressing, the one - shaft bearing with a bearing snap - ring is movably sleeved on the one - shaft body, and the one - shaft body is vertically and movably placed on the front end face of the housing; the pressing method includes the following steps:

[0025] S1: The two clamping plates clamp the upper part of the one - shaft body, the electric cylinder ram remains stationary, the servo ram moves upwards, the bottom end face of the electric cylinder ram abuts against the one - shaft bearing, and the upward lifting force of the servo ram presses the one - shaft bearing onto the one - shaft body to form a one - shaft assembly;

[0026] S2: The two clamping plates release the upper part of the one - shaft body, the electric cylinder ram moves downwards, and presses the bottom of the one - shaft body onto the front end face of the housing of the transmission structure.

[0027] On the basis of the above technical solution, an annular process groove is opened on the one-axis body, and the two clamping plates are used to clamp the annular process groove; a receiving hole is opened in the center of the vertical direction of the electric cylinder press head, and the bottom plate of the servo press head is a hollow bottom plate in the shape of a rectangular steel structure, and the rectangular groove of the hollow bottom plate opens in the left and right directions; a vertical avoidance hole is opened in the center of the hollow bottom plate, the receiving hole and the avoidance hole are coaxial, and both are used to receive the upper part of the one-axis body; the two clamping plates are inserted into the rectangular groove of the hollow bottom plate from the left and right directions, and when the two clamping plates clamp the annular process groove of the one-axis body, the axis of the one-axis body is coaxial with the avoidance hole;

[0028] The servo press head further includes two vertically arranged side plates symmetrically arranged left and right, and cylinders and wedge blocks are arranged on the outer sides of the two vertically arranged side plates; the left and right end faces of the hollow bottom plate are flush with the two vertically arranged side plates on both sides, and the left end of the left clamping plate and the right end of the right clamping plate both extend out of the rectangular groove of the hollow bottom plate; the wedge block penetrates through the extended end of the hollow bottom plate;

[0029] In step S1, clamping the upper part of the one-axis body by the two clamping plates includes:

[0030] When the cylinder controls the wedge block to slide down, the two clamping plates clamp towards the center in the rectangular groove of the hollow bottom plate on the annular process groove of the one-axis body;

[0031] In step S2, loosening the upper part of the one-axis body by the two clamping plates includes:

[0032] When the cylinder controls the wedge block to lift, the two clamping plates separate towards both sides in the rectangular groove of the hollow bottom plate and loosen the annular process groove.

[0033] On the basis of the above technical solution, the one-axis assembly press-fitting device further includes a shuttle table for transporting the transmission structure, and the shuttle table is arranged at the bottom of the frame structure;

[0034] The shuttle table includes a long cylinder, a long guide rod, a holding base and a support rail, a part of the support rail extends outside the frame structure, and the holding base is slidably arranged on the support rail; the long guide rod expands and contracts along the long cylinder, and one end of the long guide rod is connected to the holding base; the holding base is used to be detachably connected to the side wall of the transmission structure through a transition tooling structure;

[0035] The holding base includes a base body, two ejector pins and two small cylinders, the small cylinders are installed in the base body, and the two small cylinders respectively control the expansion and contraction of the two ejector pins, and the two ejector pins are used to insert into the corresponding jacks of the paired transition tooling structure;

[0036] Before S1, it further includes:

[0037] The one - shaft bearing and the one - shaft body are placed on the front end face of the housing of the transmission structure, and the small cylinder controls the ejector pin to extend and insert into the transition tooling structure fixed to the side wall of the transmission structure;

[0038] The long - barrel cylinder pulls the holding base to slide along the support guide rail to a specified position inside the frame structure through the long guide rod. The small cylinder controls the ejector pin to retract, and the positioning groove at the bottom of the transmission structure is plugged and positioned by the positioning boss of the press base.

[0039] The beneficial effects brought by the technical solution provided in this application include:

[0040] 1. For the one - shaft assembly press - fitting device and press - fitting method of this application, a unique one - shaft assembly press - fitting device is designed, which can quickly and efficiently complete the press - fitting process of the one - shaft assembly itself and the press - fitting process of installing the one - shaft assembly to the front end face of the housing; the structural design is ingenious. The servo press head is in the shape of a first square - shaped structure, and the main body part of the electric - cylinder press head is in the shape of a second square - shaped structure. The axis of the first square - shaped structure and the axis of the second square - shaped structure are skew - perpendicular, and the first square - shaped structure and the second square - shaped structure are in a nested - ring structure. The bottom plate of the first square - shaped structure is located in the middle cavity of the second square - shaped structure, and the top of the second square - shaped structure is located in the middle cavity of the first square - shaped structure. This enables the one - shaft assembly press - fitting device to perform both upward and downward press - fitting. When it is necessary to press - fit the one - shaft bearing with a bearing snap - ring to the one - shaft body, two clamping plates clamp the upper part of the one - shaft body, the electric - cylinder press head remains stationary, and the servo press head moves upward. Under the upward lifting force of the servo press head, the one - shaft body presses the one - shaft bearing onto the one - shaft body to form a one - shaft assembly. When it is necessary to press - fit the one - shaft assembly to the front end face of the housing, the electric - cylinder press head moves downward, and the one - shaft assembly completes the press - fitting work under the downward pressure of the electric - cylinder press head. The one - shaft assembly press - fitting device of this application completes two press - fitting processes at the same position, which can save the labor and materials for transportation; two press - fitting processes are completed through one upward lift and one downward pressure, the installation time is short, the efficiency is high, and the bearing is not easily damaged.

[0041] 2. For the one - shaft assembly press - fitting device and press - fitting method of this application, the servo press head and the electric - cylinder press head are ingeniously designed. The two are in a nested - ring structure. The two clamping plates are symmetrically arranged left and right and are respectively inserted into the rectangular slots of the hollow bottom plate from the left - right direction; at the same time, the cylinder and the wedge block are used to automatically control the two clamping plates to separate to both sides or clamp towards the middle, which can realize the function of automatically clamping the one - shaft body and provides a strong basis for the upward press - fitting of the one - shaft bearing and the one - shaft body.

[0042] 3. The one-axis assembly press-fitting device and press-fitting method of the present application can achieve automatic transportation. When transporting the transmission structure, two small cylinders control two ejector pins to extend and insert into the transition tooling structure fixed on the side wall of the transmission structure. The long cylinder controls the supporting base to slide along the supporting guide rail, transports the transmission structure from outside the frame structure to the designated position, the small cylinder controls the ejector pins to retract, the transition tooling structure and the supporting base are separated, and the transmission structure drops until the bottom positioning groove of the transmission structure just lands on the positioning boss of the press base, which can achieve automatic transportation and greatly save manpower. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0044] Figure 1 Structural schematic diagram of a one-axis assembly in the prior art;

[0045] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the one-axis assembly installed on the front end face of the housing in the prior art;

[0046] Figure 3 Structural schematic diagram of the one-axis body of the present application;

[0047] Figure 4 Structural schematic diagram of the one-axis assembly press-fitting device of the present application;

[0048] Figure 5 Structural schematic diagram of the shuttle table of the present application;

[0049] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the servo press head and the electric cylinder press head of the present application;

[0050] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the servo press head clamping the one-axis body of the present application;

[0051] Reference numerals: 1, first shaft bearing; 2, bearing snap ring; 3, first shaft body; 4, front end face of the housing; 5, synchronizer cone ring; 10, first shaft assembly; 31, spline structure; 32, annular process groove; 6, first shaft assembly press-fitting device; 61, frustum; 611, long cylinder; 612, long guide rod; 613, holding base; 614, support guide rail; 6131, ejector pin; 6132, small cylinder; 62, press base; 63, servo press head; 631, top plate; 632, vertical side plate; 633, cylinder; 634, wedge block; 635, clamping plate; 636, hollow bottom plate; 6361, avoidance hole; 64, electric cylinder press head; 641, receiving hole; 65, electric cylinder; 66, frame structure. Detailed implementation manners

[0052] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0053] As Figures 3 to 7 shown, the present application discloses a first shaft assembly press-fitting device. The first shaft assembly 10 includes a first shaft bearing 1, a bearing snap ring 2 and a first shaft body 3. Specifically, during pre-press-fitting, the first shaft bearing 1 with the bearing snap ring 2 is movably sleeved on the first shaft body 3, that is, the first shaft bearing 1 and the first shaft body 3 are movable and not yet press-fitted; the first shaft body 3 is vertically and movably placed on the front end face 4 of the housing. Preferably, some auxiliary structures can be used to vertically place the first shaft body 3. Similarly, some auxiliary structures can also be used to sleeved the first shaft bearing 1 near the first shaft body 3 little by little.

[0054] The first shaft assembly press-fitting device 6 includes a frame structure 66, a press base 62, a servo press head 63 and an electric cylinder press head 64. The frame structure 66 is used to accommodate and carry all the other components. The press base 62 is horizontally arranged at the bottom of the frame structure 66. The press base 62 is used to position the transmission structure and make the front end face 4 of its housing face horizontally upward; the bearing hole reserved on the front end face 4 of the housing also faces upward.

[0055] The servo press head 63 has a first U-shaped structure with a horizontal axis. The first U-shaped structure is vertically slidably arranged in the frame structure 66. Specifically, the central axis of the first U-shaped structure is horizontally along the front-rear direction. Two clamping plates 635 that can be opened or closed are arranged on the bottom plate of the servo press head 63. The two clamping plates 635 are used to clamp the first shaft body 3.

[0056] The electric cylinder press head 64 is vertically inserted into the servo press head 63, and the electric cylinder press head 64 can slide relative to the servo press head 63. The main body part of the electric cylinder press head 64 also has a second circular structure with a horizontal axis, and the axis of the second circular structure is horizontal in the left-right direction. The bottom plate of the servo press head 63 is located in the middle cavity of the second circular structure, and the bottom plate of the servo press head 63 is limited to slide in the middle cavity of the second circular structure, that is, there are an upper limit position and a lower limit position when sliding. Specifically, the axis of the first circular structure and the axis of the second circular structure are skew perpendicular, and the first circular structure and the second circular structure form a nested ring structure. The bottom plate of the first circular structure is located in the middle cavity of the second circular structure, and the top of the second circular structure is located in the middle cavity of the first circular structure.

[0057] When it is necessary to press-fit the one-axis bearing 1 with the bearing snap ring 2 onto the one-axis body 3, the upper part of the one-axis body 3 passes through the centers of the servo press head 63 and the electric cylinder press head 64. The two clamping plates 635 clamp the upper part of the one-axis body 3. The electric cylinder press head 64 remains stationary, and the servo press head 63 moves upward. At this time, the bottom end face of the electric cylinder press head 64 abuts against the one-axis bearing 1. Under the action of the upward lifting force of the servo press head 63 on the one-axis body 3, the one-axis bearing 1 is press-fitted onto the one-axis body 3, that is, the one-axis assembly 10 is formed. When it is necessary to press-fit the one-axis assembly 10 onto the front end face 4 of the housing, the electric cylinder press head 64 moves downward to press-fit the one-axis assembly 10 into the bearing hole of the front end face 4 of the housing. At this time, the bottom end face of the electric cylinder press head 64 abuts against the upper end face of the one-axis bearing 1, and the press-fitting work is completed under the action of the downward pressure of the electric cylinder press head 64.

[0058] A one-axis assembly press-fitting device of the present application designs a unique one-axis assembly press-fitting device, which can quickly and efficiently complete the press-fitting process of the one-axis assembly itself and the press-fitting process of installing the one-axis assembly onto the front end face of the housing; the structure design is ingenious. The servo press head 63 has a first circular structure, and the main body part of the electric cylinder press head 64 has a second circular structure. The axis of the first circular structure and the axis of the second circular structure are skew perpendicular, and the first circular structure and the second circular structure form a nested ring structure. The bottom plate of the first circular structure is located in the middle cavity of the second circular structure, and the top of the second circular structure is located in the middle cavity of the first circular structure. This enables the one-axis assembly press-fitting device 6 to perform both upward and downward press-fittings.

[0059] When it is necessary to press-fit a one-axis bearing 1 with a bearing snap ring 2 onto a one-axis body 3, two clamping plates 635 clamp the upper part of the one-axis body 3, the electric cylinder press head 64 remains stationary, the servo press head 63 moves upward, and the one-axis body 3 presses the one-axis bearing 1 onto the one-axis body 3 under the action of the upward lifting force of the servo press head 63, forming a one-axis assembly 10. When it is necessary to press-fit the one-axis assembly 10 onto the front end face 4 of the housing, the electric cylinder press head 64 moves downward, and the one-axis assembly 10 completes the press-fitting work under the action of the downward pressure of the electric cylinder press head 64. In a one-axis assembly press-fitting device of the present application, two press-fitting processes are completed at the same position, which can save manpower and material resources for transportation; two press-fitting processes are completed through one upward lift and one downward pressure, with short installation time, high efficiency, and not easy to damage the bearing.

[0060] Further, the one-axis assembly press-fitting device further includes a control center, an electric cylinder 65 and a servo motor (not shown in the figure), the electric cylinder 65 and the servo motor are both connected to the control center, the electric cylinder 65 provides power for the electric cylinder press head 64, and the servo motor provides power for the servo press head 63.

[0061] In one embodiment, the one-axis body 3 is provided with an annular process groove 32, and two clamping plates 635 are used to clamp the annular process groove 32. A receiving hole 641 is opened at the bottom of the electric cylinder press head 64, and an avoidance hole 6361 is opened on the bottom plate of the servo press head 63. During the press-fitting process, the upper part of the one-axis body 3 passes through the receiving hole 641 and the avoidance hole 6361, and the annular process groove 32 of the one-axis body 3 is just located in the avoidance hole 6361. The two clamping plates 635 are located inside the bottom plate of the servo press head 63 and just clamp the annular process groove 32 of the one-axis body 3.

[0062] As Figure 6 and Figure 7 shown, in one embodiment, a through receiving hole 641 is opened at the center of the electric cylinder press head 64 in the vertical direction, and the receiving hole 641 is used to receive the upper part of the one-axis body. The bottom plate of the servo press head 63 is a hollow bottom plate 636, the hollow bottom plate 636 is a rectangular steel structure, and the rectangular groove of the hollow bottom plate 636 opens in the left and right directions. A vertical avoidance hole 6361 is opened at the center of the hollow bottom plate 636. The receiving hole 641 and the avoidance hole 6361 are coaxial and are both used to receive the upper part of the one-axis body 3 during the press-fitting process. The two clamping plates 635 are symmetrically arranged left and right and are inserted into the rectangular groove of the hollow bottom plate 636 from the left and right directions. When the two clamping plates 635 clamp the annular process groove 32 of the one-axis body 3, the axis of the one-axis body 3 is coaxial with the avoidance hole 6361.

[0063] Specifically, the hollow bottom plate 636 is arranged in the left and right directions, and the hollow bottom plate 636 is restricted in the middle cavity of the electric cylinder press head 64.

[0064] Furthermore, the servo ram 63 further includes two vertically arranged side plates 632 that are symmetrically disposed on the left and right. On the outer sides of the two vertically arranged side plates 632, air cylinders 633 and wedge blocks 634 are provided. In the servo ram 63, the left and right end faces of the hollow base plate 636 are flush with the two vertical side plates 632 on both sides. Specifically, the left end face of the hollow base plate 636 is flush with the left vertical side plate 632, and the right end face of the hollow base plate 636 is flush with the right vertical side plate 632. The left end of the left clamping plate 635 and the right end of the right clamping plate 635 both extend outwards from the rectangular groove of the hollow base plate 636. The wedge block 634 penetrates through the extended end of the hollow base plate 636. When the air cylinder 633 controls the wedge block 634 to move upwards, the two clamping plates 635 move away from each other along the rectangular groove of the hollow base plate 636 towards the left and right; when the air cylinder 633 controls the wedge block 634 to move downwards, the two clamping plates 635 move towards the center and clamp along the rectangular groove of the hollow base plate 636.

[0065] Specifically, a specific matching hole is provided at the extended end of the clamping plate 635. The matching hole and the wedge block 634 cooperate with each other, and under the action of the air cylinder 633, the separation movement and the clamping movement can be automatically controlled and achieved.

[0066] In the one-axis assembly press-fitting device of the present application, the servo ram 63 and the electric cylinder ram 64 are ingeniously designed. The two are in a nested ring structure. The two clamping plates 635 are symmetrically disposed on the left and right and are respectively inserted into the rectangular groove of the hollow base plate 636 from the left and right directions; at the same time, the two clamping plates 635 are automatically controlled to separate from each other or clamp towards the middle through the air cylinder 633 and the wedge block 634, and the function of automatically clamping the one-axis body 3 can be achieved, providing a strong foundation for lifting and press-fitting the one-axis bearing 1 and the one-axis body 3.

[0067] Preferably, as Figure 6 shown, the servo ram 63 further includes a top plate 631 with a central opening. The central opening of the top plate 631 is used to make way for the connecting shaft connecting the head of the electric cylinder ram 64. The top plate 631 restricts the head of the electric cylinder ram 64 from moving upwards. When the top plate 631 moves downwards, it will press the electric cylinder ram 64 and move downwards together.

[0068] Specifically, in the one-axis assembly press-fitting device of the present application, when pressing down for press-fitting, the electric cylinder ram 64 and the servo ram 63 can press down together. At this time, the two clamping plates 635 are in an open state, and the electric cylinder ram 64 abuts against the top surface of the one-axis bearing. When lifting for press-fitting, the electric cylinder ram 64 remains stationary, and only the servo ram 63 provides the lifting force.

[0069] In one embodiment, the one-axis assembly press-fitting device 6 of the present application further includes a shuttle 61 for transporting the transmission. The shuttle 61 is disposed at the bottom of the frame structure 66; the shuttle 61 is used to transport the transmission structure from the outside to the inside of the frame structure 66. Before pre-assembly, the transmission structure is transported to the designated position through the shuttle 61.

[0070] The frustum 61 includes a long cylinder 611, a long guide rod 612, a holding base 613 and a support guide rail 614. The support guide rail 614 partially extends outside the frame structure 66, and the holding base 613 is slidably arranged on the support guide rail 614. The long guide rod 612 extends and retracts along the long cylinder 611, and one end of the long guide rod 612 is connected to the holding base 613. The holding base 613 is detachably connected to the side wall of the transmission structure through a transition tooling structure.

[0071] Specifically, the long cylinder 611, the long guide rod 612 and the support guide rail 614 are all arranged in the left-right direction, and the support guide rail 614 partially extends out of the right side surface of the frame structure 66. The long cylinder 611 and the long guide rod 612 provide power for the support guide rail 614, so that the holding base 613 slides left and right along the support guide rail 614. Specifically, the long cylinder 611 and the long guide rod 612 are staggered in the front-back direction relative to the support guide rail 614.

[0072] Specifically, the transition tooling structure is detachably fixed to the transmission structure. The transition tooling structure is in the shape of a cuboid block, and two jacks matching two ejector pins 6131 are just opened in the cuboid block.

[0073] Furthermore, the holding base 613 includes a base body, two ejector pins 6131 and two small cylinders 6132. The small cylinders 6132 are installed in the base body, and the two small cylinders 6132 respectively control the extension and retraction of the two ejector pins 6131. The two ejector pins 6131 are used to insert into the corresponding jacks of the paired transition tooling structure.

[0074] When the transmission structure is transported from the outside of the frame structure 66 to the designated position through the support guide rail 614, the small cylinder 6132 controls the ejector pin 6131 to retract. At this time, the bottom positioning groove of the transmission structure just falls on the positioning boss of the press base 62.

[0075] The one-axis assembly press-fitting device of the present application can realize automatic transportation. When transporting the transmission structure, the two small cylinders 6132 control the two ejector pins 6131 to extend and insert into the transition tooling structure fixed on the side wall of the transmission structure. The long cylinder 611 controls the holding base 613 to slide along the support guide rail 614, transports the transmission structure from the outside of the frame structure 66 to the designated position, the small cylinder 6132 controls the ejector pin 6131 to retract, and the bottom positioning groove of the transmission structure just falls on the positioning boss of the press base 62, which can realize automatic transportation and greatly save manpower.

[0076] Preferably, the one - shaft assembly press - fitting device further includes an operation display screen, which inputs instructions to the control center. The control center is connected to and controls the electric cylinder 65, the servo motor, the cylinder 633, and the small cylinder 6132. Preferably, the bottom of the frame structure further includes a gripping structure, making the fixation more stable.

[0077] Preferably, in addition to the first loop structure, the electric - cylinder press head 64 further includes a solid head at the top (see Figure 6 ).

[0078] This application also discloses a press - fitting method using the above - mentioned one - shaft assembly press - fitting device. During pre - press - fitting, the one - shaft bearing 1 with the bearing snap - ring 2 is movably sleeved on the one - shaft body 3, and the one - shaft body 3 is vertically and movably placed on the front end face 4 of the housing. The press - fitting method includes the following steps:

[0079] S1. The one - shaft assembly press - fitting process includes: two clamping plates 635 clamp the upper part of the one - shaft body 3, the electric - cylinder press head 64 remains stationary, the servo press head 63 moves upward, the bottom end face of the electric - cylinder press head 64 abuts against the one - shaft bearing 1, and the upward pulling force of the servo press head 63 presses the one - shaft bearing 1 onto the one - shaft body 3 to form the one - shaft assembly 10.

[0080] S2. Press - fitting the one - shaft assembly onto the front end face 4 of the transmission - box structure includes: the two clamping plates 635 release the upper part of the one - shaft body 3, the electric - cylinder press head 64 moves downward, and presses the bottom of the one - shaft body 3 onto the front end face 4 of the transmission - box structure.

[0081] Regarding the press - fitting method, further, the one - shaft assembly press - fitting device further includes a control center, an electric cylinder 65, and a servo motor (not shown in the figure). The electric cylinder 65 and the servo motor are both connected to the control center. The electric cylinder 65 provides power for the electric - cylinder press head 64, and the servo motor provides power for the servo press head 63.

[0082] Regarding the press - fitting method, an annular process groove 32 is formed on the one - shaft body 3, and the two clamping plates 635 are used to clamp the annular process groove 32. A receiving hole 641 is formed at the bottom of the electric - cylinder press head 64, and an avoidance hole 6361 is formed on the bottom plate of the servo press head 63. During the press - fitting process, the upper part of the one - shaft body 3 passes through the receiving hole 641 and the avoidance hole 6361, and the annular process groove 32 of the one - shaft body 3 is just located in the avoidance hole 6361. The two clamping plates 635 are located inside the bottom plate of the servo press head 63 and just clamp the annular process groove 32 of the one - shaft body 3.

[0083] As Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, in one embodiment, a through accommodation hole 641 is provided at the center of the electric cylinder ram 64 in the vertical direction, and the accommodation hole 641 is used to accommodate the upper part of a shaft body. The bottom plate of the servo ram 63 is a hollow bottom plate 636, and the hollow bottom plate 636 is a rectangular steel structure, and the rectangular groove of the hollow bottom plate 636 opens in the left - right direction. A vertical avoidance hole 6361 is provided at the center of the hollow bottom plate 636. The accommodation hole 641 and the avoidance hole 6361 are coaxial, and both are used to accommodate the upper part of a shaft body 3 during the pressing process. Two clamping plates 635 are symmetrically arranged left and right, inserted into the rectangular groove of the hollow bottom plate 636 from the left - right direction, and when the two clamping plates 635 clamp the annular process groove 32 of the shaft body 3, the axis of the shaft body 3 is coaxial with the avoidance hole 6361.

[0084] Specifically, the hollow bottom plate 636 is arranged in the left - right direction and is restricted within the middle cavity of the electric cylinder ram 64.

[0085] Furthermore, the servo ram 63 further includes two vertically arranged side plates 632 that are symmetrically arranged left and right, and cylinders 633 and wedge - shaped blocks 634 are arranged on the outer sides of the two vertically arranged side plates 632.

[0086] In the servo ram 63, the left and right end faces of the hollow bottom plate 636 are flush with the two vertical side plates 632. Specifically, the left end face of the hollow bottom plate 636 is flush with the left vertical side plate 632, and the right end face of the hollow bottom plate 636 is flush with the right vertical side plate 632. The left end parts of the left clamping plate 635 and the right end parts of the right clamping plate 635 both extend outwards from the rectangular groove of the hollow bottom plate 636. The wedge - shaped block 634 penetrates the extended end of the hollow bottom plate 636. When the cylinder 633 controls the wedge - shaped block 634 to lift, the two clamping plates 635 move apart along the rectangular groove of the hollow bottom plate 636 to the left and right; when the cylinder 633 controls the wedge - shaped block 634 to slide down, the two clamping plates 635 clamp towards the center along the rectangular groove of the hollow bottom plate 636.

[0087] Specifically, a specific matching hole is provided at the extended end of the clamping plate 635, and the matching hole and the wedge - shaped block 634 cooperate with each other. Under the action of the cylinder 633, the separation movement and the clamping movement can be automatically controlled and realized.

[0088] In step S1, the two clamping plates 635 clamping the upper part of the shaft body 3 includes:

[0089] When the cylinder 633 controls the wedge - shaped block 634 to slide down, the two clamping plates 635 clamp towards the center along the rectangular groove of the hollow bottom plate 636 on the annular process groove 32 of the shaft body 3;

[0090] In step S2, the two clamping plates 635 loosening the upper part of the shaft body 3 includes:

[0091] When the cylinder 633 controls the lifting of the wedge block 634, the two clamping plates 635 separate from each other along the rectangular groove of the hollow bottom plate 636, releasing the annular process groove 32.

[0092] Regarding the pressing method, in one embodiment, the one-axis assembly pressing device 6 of the present application further includes a shuttle 61 for transporting the gearbox. The shuttle 61 is arranged at the bottom of the frame structure 66; the shuttle 61 is used to transport the gearbox structure from the outside to the inside of the frame structure 66. Before preloading, the gearbox structure is transported to the designated position through the shuttle 61.

[0093] The shuttle 61 includes a long cylinder 611, a long guide rod 612, a top holding base 613, and a support guide rail 614. The support guide rail 614 extends partially outside the frame structure 66, and the top holding base 613 is slidably arranged on the support guide rail 614. The long guide rod 612 expands and contracts along the long cylinder 611, and one end of the long guide rod 612 is connected to the top holding base 613. The top holding base 613 is detachably connected to the side wall of the gearbox structure through a transition tooling structure.

[0094] Specifically, the long cylinder 611, the long guide rod 612, and the support guide rail 614 are all arranged in the left-right direction, and the support guide rail 614 extends partially out of the right side surface of the frame structure 66. The long cylinder 611 and the long guide rod 612 provide power for the support guide rail 614, so that the top holding base 613 slides left and right along the support guide rail 614. Specifically, the long cylinder 611 and the long guide rod 612 are staggered in the front-back direction relative to the support guide rail 614.

[0095] Specifically, the transition tooling structure is detachably fixed to the gearbox structure. The transition tooling structure is in the shape of a cuboid block, and two jacks matching two ejector pins 6131 are just opened in the cuboid block.

[0096] Further, the top holding base 613 includes a base body, two ejector pins 6131, and two small cylinders 6132. The small cylinders 6132 are installed in the base body, and the two small cylinders 6132 respectively control the expansion and contraction of the two ejector pins 6131. The two ejector pins 6131 are used to insert into the corresponding jacks of the paired transition tooling structure.

[0097] When the gearbox structure is transported from the outside of the frame structure 66 to the designated position through the support guide rail 614, the small cylinder 6132 controls the ejector pin 6131 to retract. At this time, the bottom positioning groove of the gearbox structure just falls on the positioning boss of the press base 62.

[0098] Before S1, it further includes:

[0099] A one - shaft bearing 1 and a one - shaft body 3 are placed on the front end face 4 of the housing of the transmission structure. At this time, the one - shaft bearing 1 is sleeved on the one - shaft body 3 movably, and the one - shaft body 3 is placed on the front end face 4 of the housing movably; the small cylinder 6132 controls the ejector pin 6131 to extend and insert into the transition tooling structure fixed to the side wall of the transmission structure.

[0100] The long - barrel cylinder 611 pulls the holding base 613 to slide along the support guide rail 614 through the long guide rod 612, transports the transmission structure from the outside of the frame structure 66 until it reaches the designated position inside the frame structure 66. The small cylinder 6132 controls the ejector pin 6131 to retract, the transition tooling structure and the holding base 613 are separated, and the transmission structure drops. The positioning groove at the bottom of the transmission structure is inserted and positioned by the positioning boss of the press base 62.

[0101] The press - fitting method of the present application can achieve automatic transportation. When transporting the transmission structure, two small cylinders 6132 control two ejector pins 6131 to extend and insert into the transition tooling structure fixed to the side wall of the transmission structure. The long - barrel cylinder 611 controls the holding base 613 to slide along the support guide rail 614, transports the transmission structure from the outside of the frame structure 66 to the designated position. The small cylinder 6132 controls the ejector pin 6131 to retract, the transition tooling structure and the holding base 613 are separated, and the bottom positioning groove of the transmission structure just falls on the positioning boss of the press base 62, which can achieve automatic transportation and greatly save manpower.

[0102] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper" and "lower" is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation to the present application. Unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "connection", and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to specific situations.

[0103] It should be noted that in this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "comprising an..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising the element.

[0104] The above are only specific embodiments of this application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but rather to the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A press-fitting device for a one-axis assembly, wherein the one-axis assembly (10) includes a one-axis bearing (1), a bearing snap ring (2), and a one-axis body (3), characterized in that The one-axis assembly pressing device (6) includes: A frame structure (66); A press base (62) horizontally arranged at the bottom of the frame structure (66) for positioning the gearbox and making the front end face (4) of its housing face upward horizontally; A servo ram (63) having a first loop structure with a horizontal axis and vertically slidably arranged within the frame structure (66); two clamping plates (635) that can be opened or closed are provided on the bottom plate of the servo ram (63); An electric cylinder ram (64) vertically inserted into the servo ram (63) and slidable, the main body part of which has a second loop structure with a horizontal axis, and the bottom plate of the servo ram (63) is located in the middle cavity of the second loop structure; When it is necessary to press-fit the one-axis bearing (1) with the bearing snap ring (2) onto the one-axis body (3), the two clamping plates (635) clamp the upper part of the one-axis body (3), the electric cylinder ram (64) remains stationary, and the servo ram (63) moves upward; when it is necessary to press-fit the one-axis assembly (10) onto the front end face (4) of the housing, the electric cylinder ram (64) moves downward.

2. The one-axis assembly pressing device according to claim 1, wherein: The one-axis assembly pressing device further includes a control center, an electric cylinder (65) and a servo motor. The electric cylinder (65) and the servo motor are both connected to the control center. The electric cylinder (65) provides power for the electric cylinder ram (64), and the servo motor provides power for the servo ram (63).

3. The one-axis assembly pressing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An annular process groove (32) is formed in the one-axis body (3), and the two clamping plates (635) are used to clamp the annular process groove (32).

4. The one-axis assembly pressing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A receiving hole (641) is formed in the center of the electric cylinder ram (64) in the vertical direction. The bottom plate of the servo ram (63) is a hollow bottom plate (636) made of rectangular steel structure, and the rectangular groove of the hollow bottom plate (636) opens in the left-right direction; a vertical avoidance hole (6361) is formed in the center of the hollow bottom plate (636). The receiving hole (641) and the avoidance hole (6361) are coaxial and are both used to receive the upper part of the one-axis body (3); the two clamping plates (635) are inserted into the rectangular groove of the hollow bottom plate (636) from the left-right direction, and when the two clamping plates (635) clamp the annular process groove (32) of the one-axis body (3), the axis of the one-axis body (3) is coaxial with the avoidance hole (6361).

5. The one-axis assembly press-fitting device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The servo ram (63) further includes two vertically arranged side plates (632) that are symmetrically arranged left and right. Cylinders (633) and wedge blocks (634) are arranged on the outer sides of the two vertically arranged side plates (632); The left and right end faces of the hollow bottom plate (636) are flush with the two vertical side plates (632). The left end of the left clamping plate (635) and the right end of the right clamping plate (635) both extend out of the rectangular groove of the hollow bottom plate (636); The wedge block (634) penetrates through the protruding end of the hollow bottom plate (636). When the cylinder (633) controls the upward movement of the wedge block (634), the two clamping plates (635) separate from each other along the rectangular groove of the hollow bottom plate (636) towards both sides; when the cylinder (633) controls the downward movement of the wedge block (634), the two clamping plates (635) clamp towards the center along the rectangular groove of the hollow bottom plate (636).

6. The one-axis assembly pressing device according to claim 1, wherein The one - shaft assembly press - fitting device (6) further includes a shuttle (61) for transporting the transmission structure, and the shuttle (61) is arranged at the bottom of the frame structure (66); The shuttle (61) includes a long - cylinder (611), a long guide rod (612), a holding base (613), and a support guide rail (614). The support guide rail (614) partially extends outside the frame structure (66), and the holding base (613) is slidably arranged on the support guide rail (614); the long guide rod (612) extends and retracts along the long - cylinder (611), and one end of the long guide rod (612) is connected to the holding base (613); the holding base (613) is used to detachably connect to the side wall of the transmission structure through a transition tooling structure.

7. The one-axis assembly pressing device according to claim 6, wherein The holding base (613) includes a base body, two ejector pins (6131), and two small cylinders (6132). The small cylinders (6132) are installed inside the base body, and the two small cylinders (6132) respectively control the extension and retraction of the two ejector pins (6131). The two ejector pins (6131) are used to insert into the corresponding jacks of the paired transition tooling structure; When the transmission structure is transported from outside the frame structure (66) to the designated position through the support guide rail (614), the small cylinder (6132) controls the ejector pin (6131) to retract.

8. A press-fitting method using a press-fitting device for a shaft assembly as described in claim 1, characterized in that, During pre - press - fitting, the one - shaft bearing (1) with a bearing snap - ring (2) is movably sleeved on the one - shaft body (3), and the one - shaft body (3) is vertically and movably placed on the front end face (4) of the housing; the press - fitting method includes the following steps: S1: The two clamping plates (635) clamp the upper part of the one - shaft body (3). The electric - cylinder press head (64) remains stationary, and the servo press head (63) moves upward. The bottom end face of the electric - cylinder press head (64) abuts against the one - shaft bearing (1). The upward lifting force of the servo press head (63) presses the one - shaft bearing (1) onto the one - shaft body (3) to form a one - shaft assembly (10). S2: The two clamping plates (635) release the upper part of the one - shaft body (3). The electric - cylinder press head (64) moves downward to press the bottom of the one - shaft body (3) onto the front end face (4) of the housing of the transmission structure.

9. The press-fitting method according to claim 8, wherein: The one - shaft body (3) is provided with an annular process groove (32), and two clamping plates (635) are used to clamp the annular process groove (32); a receiving hole (641) is opened in the center of the electric cylinder press head (64) in the vertical direction. The bottom plate of the servo press head (63) is a hollow bottom plate (636) made of rectangular steel structure, and the rectangular groove of the hollow bottom plate (636) opens in the left - right direction; a vertical avoidance hole (6361) is opened in the center of the hollow bottom plate (636). The receiving hole (641) and the avoidance hole (6361) are coaxial and are both used to receive the upper part of the one - shaft body (3); the two clamping plates (635) are inserted into the rectangular groove of the hollow bottom plate (636) from the left - right direction. When the two clamping plates (635) clamp the annular process groove (32) of the one - shaft body (3), the axis of the one - shaft body (3) is coaxial with the avoidance hole (6361). The servo press head (63) further includes two vertically - arranged side plates (632) symmetrically arranged left and right. Cylinders (633) and wedge blocks (634) are arranged on the outer sides of the two vertically - arranged side plates (632); the left and right end faces of the hollow bottom plate (636) are flush with the two vertical side plates (632). The left end of the left clamping plate (635) and the right end of the right clamping plate (635) both extend out of the rectangular groove of the hollow bottom plate (636); the wedge block (634) penetrates through the extended end of the hollow bottom plate (636). In step S1, clamping the upper part of the one - shaft body (3) by the two clamping plates (635) includes: When the cylinder (633) controls the wedge block (634) to slide down, the two clamping plates (635) clamp the annular process groove (32) of the one - shaft body (3) towards the center along the rectangular groove of the hollow bottom plate (636). In step S2, loosening the upper part of the one - shaft body (3) by the two clamping plates (635) includes: When the cylinder (633) controls the wedge block (634) to lift, the two clamping plates (635) separate towards the two sides along the rectangular groove of the hollow bottom plate (636), loosening the annular process groove (32).

10. The press-fitting method according to claim 8, wherein, The one - shaft assembly press - fitting device (6) further includes a shuttle table (61) for transporting the gearbox structure, and the shuttle table (61) is arranged at the bottom of the frame structure (66). The shuttle table (61) includes a long - cylinder air cylinder (611), a long guide rod (612), a top - holding base (613) and a support guide rail (614). Part of the support guide rail (614) extends outside the frame structure (66), and the top - holding base (613) is slidably arranged on the support guide rail (614); the long guide rod (612) expands and contracts along the long - cylinder air cylinder (611), and one end of the long guide rod (612) is connected to the top - holding base (613); the top - holding base (613) is used to detachably connect to the side wall of the gearbox structure through a transition tooling structure. The holding base (613) includes a base body, two ejector pins (6131) and two small cylinders (6132). The small cylinders (6132) are installed inside the base body, and the two small cylinders (6132) respectively control the expansion and contraction of the two ejector pins (6131). The two ejector pins (6131) are used to insert into the jacks corresponding to the paired transition tooling structure; Before S1, it further includes: The one-axis bearing (1) and the one-axis body (3) are placed on the front end face (4) of the housing of the transmission structure. The small cylinder (6132) controls the ejector pin (6131) to extend and insert into the transition tooling structure fixed on the side wall of the transmission structure; The long cylinder (611) pulls the holding base (613) to slide along the support guide rail (614) to a specified position inside the frame structure (66) through the long guide rod (612). The small cylinder (6132) controls the ejector pin (6131) to retract, and the positioning groove at the bottom of the transmission structure is plugged and positioned by the positioning boss of the press base (62).

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