Method for adjusting hot pressing device, tool component for hot pressing device and hot pressing device

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for regulating a hot pressing device, a tool part and a hot pressing device, wherein the closing of the hot pressing device (610) and the relative pressing of the first tool part (640) and the second tool part (690) are determined based on the previously determined boiling point of the liquid contained in the fiber-containing material of the at least one preform and the surface temperature of the first molding device (6400) of the first tool part (640).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for adjusting a hot press, a tool component for a hot press and a hot press.

[0002] Fibrous materials are increasingly being used, for example, to produce packaging for foods (e.g. bowls, capsules, boxes, etc.) and for consumer goods (e.g. electronic devices, etc.) as well as beverage containers. The fibrous materials here usually contain natural fibers, for example from renewable raw materials or waste paper. The natural fibers are mixed with water and, if necessary, other additives (e.g. starch) in a so-called pulp. Additives can also influence the color, barrier properties and mechanical properties. This pulp can contain, for example, 0.5 to 10% by weight of natural fibers. The proportion of natural fibers depends on the process used to produce the packaging, etc. and on the product properties of the product to be produced. Background Art

[0003] Typically, the production of fiber-containing products from raw pulp occurs in several steps. First, the raw pulp is provided in the form of a pulp stock, and a suction body with a suction tool whose geometry substantially matches the product to be produced is at least partially immersed in the raw pulp. During the immersion process, suction is applied through openings in the suction tool, which is connected to a corresponding device. During this process, fibers from the raw pulp are collected on the suction tool. These fibers are then carried by the suction tool into a pre-pressing tool, where they are formed into a preform. During this pre-pressing process, the fibers are pressed into the preform, and the moisture content of the preform is reduced.

[0004] In the subsequent working step, the preform is usually pressed into the finished product in a hot press. Here, the preform is placed in a hot press tool, which consists of a heated lower and upper tool halves. In the hot press tool, the preform is pressed into a cavity while applying heat. The pressure and heat drive out any residual moisture, so that a preform with a residual moisture content of approximately 60% by weight will only have a residual moisture content of, for example, 5% by weight after hot pressing. The water vapor generated during the hot pressing process is then suctioned away through openings in the cavities and channels of the hot press tool. For this purpose, a suction device is designed to create a relative vacuum. This suction is usually carried out in the lower tool halves. For this purpose, a vacuum pump or another device with the same function is designed and fluidically connected to the openings in the cavity.

[0005] A hot pressing tool and a production process using the above-mentioned hot pressing method are known, for example, from patent DE 10 2019 127 562 A1.

[0006] In hot pressing, it is crucial to heat the preforms with a high moisture content sufficiently and press them long enough to achieve the desired residual moisture in the finished product and compact the fibers. For this reason, each hot pressing process typically requires very long cycle times to ensure that all preforms accommodated in the hot press tool meet the required maximum residual moisture content.

[0007] However, excessively long pressing times waste cycle time, making the cycle longer than necessary. If the cycle time is too short, not all preforms in the hot press can be adequately heated and pressed, forcing some preforms to be discarded as waste because they are too moist and / or damaged. This can happen, for example, because a preform that is too moist may still "stick" to the upper hot press when the hot press is opened and / or at least partially tear, causing damage.

[0008] It has been found that, particularly when a hot pressing tool has multiple cavities into which preforms are placed, the cavities, initially heated by a temperature control device, and the tool components at least partially forming these cavities, experience varying degrees of temperature fluctuation during the hot pressing process. Thus, for example, a high water content in the preform significantly affects the temperature of the contact surfaces of the cavities. Since the preforms may have varying water contents before hot pressing, this also results in varying degrees of "cooling" of the cavities and the hot pressing tool. Furthermore, it has been found that the surface temperature of the contact surfaces of the cavities, in particular, varies significantly from cavity to cavity, depending on the cavity's position within the hot pressing tool.

[0009] Furthermore, it has been found that if the closing speed of the hot press tool, i.e. the speed at which the two tool parts of the hot press tool are moved relative to each other, is not adapted to the drainage of water from the preform, less water is produced relative to the (locally) evaporable water, so that the energy extracted is insufficient to cool the surface temperature to boiling point (surface temperature>boiling point), and the cycle time is thus "wasted".

[0010] Furthermore, the closure speed of the water generated in the cavity cannot be adjusted, so that more water is released than can be (locally) evaporated within the specified time window. The heat energy extracted from the cavity causes the surface temperature of the contact surface in the cavity to cool below the typical boiling point of the fiber material at the prevailing pressure (surface temperature < boiling point). Consequently, the cycle time / cycle is not used efficiently because the cavity surface is excessively cooled. Consequently, the cycle time must be increased.

[0011] Furthermore, due to excessive closing speeds, steam generation can occur too quickly, creating a local "steam cushion." This can lead to a spherical diffusion of steam from the enclosed local space within the cavity, accompanied by a buildup of pressure, which can rupture the preform contained therein. Furthermore, steam can be prevented from escaping quickly enough through the existing openings due to "blockage." This increased pressure can also increase the boiling point of the water or liquid carried in the preform slurry, making the finished product appear "wetter" because insufficient energy can be removed from the cavity surface. "Blockage" refers to the blocking or closing of openings and / or channels, for example, when more water vapor is generated than can be discharged. Summary of the Invention

[0012] Therefore, there is a huge potential for improvement in the production of products from fiber materials, especially with regard to the hot pressing process step and the required tools. Until now, using known tools and methods, it has not been possible to solve the aforementioned problem of sufficiently heating the preforms within a correspondingly short cycle time, thereby reducing scrap.

[0013] The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a hot pressing tool and a method which can provide hot pressed preforms (finished products) made of fiber material which do not exceed a predeterminable residual moisture content and which simultaneously generate no waste or at least less waste than known methods and hot pressing tools. Furthermore, the cycle time is to be optimized in order to avoid wasting resources in terms of time, energy, and material turnover.

[0014] The above-mentioned object is achieved by a method for regulating a hot press having a first tool part and a second tool part for hot pressing a preform made of a fiber-containing material, wherein:

[0015] the at least one first tool part has a first tool body which, on at least one side, has at least one first molding device which has on its surface a first contact surface for the preform to be received,

[0016] the at least one second tool part has a second tool body, wherein on at least one side it has at least one second molding device, which is designed complementary to the at least one first molding device and has a second contact surface for the preform to be received on the second tool part surface, and

[0017] - forming a cavity between the first contact surface and the second contact surface for receiving the preform in the natural fiber during hot pressing,

[0018] The following steps are involved:

[0019] - detecting the surface temperature of at least one first molding device,

[0020] - placing at least one preform onto a first contact surface of said at least one first moulding device,

[0021] - closing the hot pressing device by moving the first tool part and the second tool part relative to each other, during which the at least one preform comes into contact with the second contact surface of the at least one second molding device, and

[0022] - pressing the first tool part and the second tool part until the first contact surface and the second contact surface form a closed cavity,

[0023] In this case, the closing speed of the hot pressing device is adjusted according to the evaporation medium from the preform so as to adapt it to the surface temperature of the cavity.

[0024] In general, it has been found that the surface temperature of the cavity formed between the first and second contact surfaces of at least one complementary second molding device, in particular the surface temperatures of the first and second contact surfaces, can drop dramatically, regardless of the temperature level at the start of the cycle, due to excess water, liquid, or fluid (medium) from the slurry caused by the closing force. Consequently, a hot pressing device comprising a hot pressing tool (comprising a first tool assembly, e.g., the lower half of the tool, and a second tool assembly, e.g., the lower half of the tool) cannot function effectively if the surface temperature of at least one cavity contact surface drops below a level critical for the hot pressing process, as the excess water cannot evaporate. To this end, the first and second mold components can be designed such that the cavity remains tightly closed during hot pressing. This saves energy during the hot pressing process, as, for example, no water vapor escapes, which would otherwise cool the cavity. To this end, the first molding device and the corresponding second molding device can be configured accordingly and pressed together with appropriate force during the hot pressing process. In a further embodiment, local leaks can be intentionally designed so that a second opening is created in the cavity between the first and second molding devices, which can thereby provide a "secondary air flow" when, for example, water vapor formed in the cavity is sucked away.

[0025] The method enables the hot press to be closed in such a manner that the surface temperature of the at least one cavity (i.e., the first and / or second contact surfaces) does not fall below the boiling point of the liquid contained in the preform. This allows the liquid to always evaporate on the surface of the cavity's contact surfaces, thus avoiding wasted cycle time due to, for example, having to wait for the cavity's surface to warm up until it reaches its boiling point. In methods known from the prior art, this waiting period results in the hot press being closed according to fixed regulations, which can lead to surface cooling within the cavity, preventing the liquid emerging from the preform from evaporating. Finally, in the prior art, the cavity must also remain closed during the warming period, resulting in correspondingly long cycle times.

[0026] The method described herein allows for optimal cycle times, since the liquid evaporates only when the cavity surface reaches its boiling point, with the closing speed being determined by the surface temperature of the cavity contact surface. The amount of liquid contained in the preform can be predetermined.

[0027] Therefore, the closing speed v(time, volume, material) is the speed per milliliter of residual water [v / t]:

[0028]

[0029] The fastest possible closing speed depends on the heat stored in the tool or in the molding device, the extruded material and its residual moisture content.

[0030] It must be taken into account here that the closing does not have to continue without interruption; in further embodiments, the closing process of the hot press can be interrupted or paused.

[0031] Furthermore, the closing speed can be adapted to the geometry of the preform, so that, for example, a relatively faster closing can be achieved when the contact surface of the cavity is on the side wall or similar area of ​​the preform, whereas a relatively slower approach speed can be achieved when the contact surface of the cavity is displaced parallel to the surface of the preform.

[0032] In this case, the closing of the hot press and the relative pressing of the first and second mold parts can be carried out as a function of the previously determined boiling point of the liquid contained in the fiber material of the at least one preform.

[0033] In order to start the hot pressing process, before placing the preform, the contact surface should reach or have the temperature required for evaporation of the liquid (e.g. water) contained in the preform. In different embodiments, the liquid content or residual moisture content of the hot pressed preform can be different.

[0034] The hot pressing process can be optimized using the method described here, because an overheated surface does not lead to "wasted" cycle time, and it is not necessary to wait until the surface reaches the required minimum temperature, which is equivalent to the boiling point.

[0035] The boiling point of the liquid contained in the fiber material of the at least one preform can, for example, be determined or ascertained in advance and then used as the boiling point for the subsequent hot pressing process. In other embodiments, the boiling point can be determined continuously, with a measuring device for this purpose being included in the slurry tank. The measuring device can monitor the composition of the slurry and thereby determine the boiling point of the liquid. In further embodiments, the measurement can be performed continuously or at defined time intervals.

[0036] In a further embodiment, the at least one first tool body and / or the at least one second tool body as well as the at least one first molding device and / or the at least one second molding device can be heated via at least one first temperature control device. For this purpose, the degree of heating is preferably variable. Depending on the configuration of the at least one first temperature control device, the control process can regulate the variation in heating, taking into account the inertia of the materials of the first and second tool bodies and the at least one first molding device and the at least one second molding device.

[0037] In a further embodiment, the relative displacement of the first tool part and the second tool part can be interrupted before the at least one preform is placed on the first contact surface, so that the first surface of the at least one preform is preheated to a predeterminable degree when the first surface of the at least one preform reaches a first distance from the first contact surface. This ensures that, before contacting a relatively moist preform (e.g., the preform is held by suction on a flexible, non-adhesive surface (e.g., silicone) by a suction tool before placement on the first contact surface), at least the first surface of the preform is heated due to the heat released by the first contact surface, and moisture is released or transferred from the preform, thereby causing at least the initial hardening of the first surface of the preform. This ensures that the preform does not adhere to the first contact surface after placement and during hot pressing.

[0038] In a further embodiment, before the second contact surface is placed on the second surface of the at least one preform, the relative displacement of the first tool component and the second tool component can be interrupted, so that when the second surface of the at least one preform reaches a second distance from the second contact surface, the second surface of the at least one preform is preheated to a predetermined degree. Similar to the above-described embodiment, the first surface of the at least one preform is at least partially hardened, thereby achieving at least partial hardening of the second surface of the preform so that it does not adhere to the second contact surface during hot pressing. The second surface of the preform is heated due to the heat dissipated by the second contact surface, and moisture is released or transferred within the preform.

[0039] The degree of preheating in the above embodiments depends on the moisture content of the preform, the compression force during hot pressing, the composition of the preform and / or the properties of the contact surface of the cavity.

[0040] The first and second distance values ​​depend on a number of parameters, such as the moisture content of the preform, the composition of the preform and the surface temperature of the contact surface. Thus, for example, in a further embodiment, the first and / or second distance values ​​may be in the range of 1 to 5 mm.

[0041] In a further embodiment, the surface temperature of the at least one first molding device before and / or during the hot pressing process can be detected by at least one temperature measuring device. Detecting the surface temperature allows for achieving an optimal cycle time for the hot pressing process, as the closing speed is adapted to the liquid contained in the preform so that the surface temperature of the contact surface does not drop below the boiling point of the liquid contained in the preform.

[0042] In a further embodiment, the surface temperature of the at least one first molding device before and / or during the hot pressing process can be detected by at least one temperature measuring device. The surface temperature detection depends on the type of temperature measuring device used and its location. Advantageously, this allows not only optimization of the hot pressing process but also continuous adaptation and control of the hot pressing process, for example, during operation of the hot pressing device.

[0043] In a further embodiment, in a method for regulating a hot pressing apparatus having a first tool assembly and a second tool assembly, the temperature of the first and second tool components can be adjusted during operation of the hot pressing apparatus. For this purpose, for example, values ​​measured during the hot pressing process can be used. Furthermore, values ​​measured before and after the hot pressing process can also be used. Furthermore, previously determined or provided values ​​and data of the components and materials involved in the operation can also be used. These values ​​can include, for example, the temperature in the hot pressing tool, in particular the temperature in the cavity and, in this case, the surface temperature of the first and / or second contact surfaces, the pressure in the cavity, the pressure in the channels within the tool body, the weight of the preform / finished product, the energy required to heat the first and / or second tool bodies, the temperature of the sucked-in gas, the gas mixture, or the ambient air, the temperature of the sucked-in gas or gas mixture or the fluid extracted from the hot pressing tool, the composition of the slurry, the electrical conductivity of the preform / finished product, and / or reference values, where the reference values ​​include, for example, the core temperature of the tool body or the temperature below the contact surface in the cavity and the temperature of the adjacent area. The reference value is then used to deduce the surface temperature on the contact surface. For example, the temperature can be determined in advance on the contact surface near the cavity in the tool body, for example, at a distance of 5 mm below the surface. Simultaneously, the actual surface temperature is measured using a separate measuring device. The corresponding surface temperature on the contact surface can be determined for multiple reference values ​​(temperatures within the tool body). This makes it possible to deduce the prevailing surface temperature on the contact surface during the hot pressing process, for example, using a tool configured as a temperature sensor for detecting the surface temperature (installed below the contact surface in the tool body). When a moist preform is placed on the contact surface, a corresponding reference value can also be determined in advance to account for the influence of the surface temperature on the reference value.

[0044] A median value of all temperatures measured by multiple temperature sensors arranged on the contact surface of the at least one first molding device and / or the at least one second molding device can be determined, wherein the hot pressing device is closed when the median value of the determined surface temperatures of the contact surface of the at least one first molding device and / or the at least one second molding device reaches the boiling point of the liquid contained in the preform. Furthermore, the surface temperatures of different areas of the contact surface can be weighted, wherein a weighted median value of the temperatures is determined from these temperatures. The weighting can, for example, take into account whether the measured or detected temperature is in an area close to or far from the temperature control device. In further embodiments, the weighting can also be applied, in addition or as an alternative, based on the orientation and / or size of the surface portion of the contact surface where the corresponding temperature sensor is arranged.

[0045] In a further embodiment, the time period during which the first and second mold parts are pressed against each other can be determined based on the determined boiling point of the liquid contained in the fiber material of the at least one preform and the detected surface temperature of the at least one first molding device. This also allows the cycle time for the hot pressing process to be determined based on the surface temperature. Thus, for example, if the surface temperature of the contact surface is above the boiling point of the liquid contained in the at least one preform, the cycle time for at least one subsequent hot pressing process can be reduced. This allows the desired residual moisture content of the preform to be achieved more quickly. Another factor that can lead to an increase in the surface temperature, and therefore the thermal capacity of the cavity, is a pause between two consecutive hot pressing processes.

[0046] In a further embodiment, the closing of the hot press and the pressing of the first and second tool parts against each other can be performed in steps. During the step-by-step closing, the relative displacement of the first and second tool parts is briefly interrupted, allowing the surface temperature of the contact surface of the cavity to rise. This ensures that the surface temperature does not fall below the boiling point of the liquid contained in the preform. Once the surface temperature reaches the boiling point of the liquid, the relative displacement is stopped.

[0047] In a further embodiment, the relative movement of the first tool part relative to the second tool part can be carried out continuously at definable intervals when the temperature difference between the boiling point of the liquid contained in the fiber material of the at least one preform and the surface temperature of the at least one first molding device reaches a value defined for the interval. In particular, the closing of the hot press, or the relative displacement between the first and second tool parts, can be adjusted and carried out in steps after the at least one first preform has come into contact with the contact surfaces of the two molding devices (i.e., the first molding device and the second molding device). A step-by-step closing is particularly useful after the contact surfaces of the two molding devices have come into contact, because the pressure applied by the hot press then displaces moisture. The greater the pressure applied to the preform, the more liquid or moisture is displaced. Therefore, gradual closing offers numerous advantages, as the amount of water displaced per unit time can be adjusted depending on the surface temperature. In particular, if the surface temperature of the contact surfaces is continuously measured or detected, the closing speed can be directly adjusted.

[0048] In a further embodiment, for a specific type of preform, it is determined after a previous test run how many times and how long the holding time is when closing the hot press is required to achieve the best result with regard to the residual moisture content, and these values ​​and times are used for future hot pressing processes.

[0049] In a further embodiment, the approach speed of the first and second tool parts can be adapted based on the dwell time of the first and second tool parts in the open position. This allows for the situation described above: if hot pressing is not performed for a long time, the surface temperature of the contact surface increases because the surface is no longer cooled by the outflow of liquid. The surface temperature of the contact surface of the molding device can also be continuously monitored. If a temperature threshold is exceeded, the approach speed and cycle time can be adapted based on the detected temperature value and the time interval. This makes it possible to adapt the cycle time of the hot pressing process to the prevailing conditions, thereby achieving the optimal result in terms of cycle time and the product to be produced, without wasting energy and time for the hot pressing process.

[0050] In a further embodiment, the temperature in the region of a first contact surface within the at least one first molding device can be measured and used to determine the surface temperature of the first contact surface via a correction. The correction serves to adapt deviations in the temperature measured in the region of the contact surface below the surface to the actual prevailing surface temperature, wherein the deviation between the temperature measured below the contact surface and the surface temperature is ascertained in advance and stored in a memory during control. This makes it possible to determine the surface temperature of the contact surface even without a temperature measuring device arranged directly on the contact surface.

[0051] In a further embodiment, a correction value or correction factor can be determined beforehand for the correction by additionally measuring the surface temperature. In particular, if multiple measuring devices are arranged below the surface of the contact surface, different correction values ​​or factors can be predefined for the respective measuring points. Furthermore, an overall correction value or factor can be calculated by linking the measuring points assigned to a cavity, ultimately yielding a result that is substantially equivalent to the actual surface temperature.

[0052] In order to determine the relative displacement of the first tool part relative to the second tool part as a closing speed as a function of the determined boiling point of the liquid contained in the fiber-containing material of the at least one preform and the surface temperature of the at least one first molding device, a holding time and a holding position can be defined, wherein the closing speed can be predetermined and fixed or continuously adapted. This further provides the possibility of adapting the hot pressing process more precisely to the actually prevailing conditions and optimizing the result.

[0053] The control system can detect the surface temperature of the contact surface of the at least one first molding device and / or the moisture content of the at least one preform as input parameters. In a further embodiment, more parameters can be additionally detected or taken into account as input parameters, as described above. These include: the temperature in the hot pressing device, the conductivity / resistance of the preform / product, the weight of the preform / product, etc. Based on the existing input parameters, the control system can output the force and / or stroke control of the closing behavior of the tool part as output parameters. Additionally or alternatively, the control system can also output a regulating parameter that affects the control of the steam flow as an output parameter based on the above-mentioned input parameters, thereby, for example, adjusting the secondary flow of the delivered gas or mixed gas to regulate the discharge of water vapor generated during hot pressing via a valve or a partition.

[0054] In the method, in a further embodiment, depending on the design of the hot pressing device according to the above-described embodiment, the evaporated residual moisture content can be extracted from the at least one preform by a suction device via at least the first opening, the at least one first channel, and the first connection, by heat input generated by the first temperature control device and pressure generated by pressing the first and second mold parts together. During the extraction of the evaporated residual moisture, a gas or gas mixture having a different water saturation than the extracted water vapor is introduced via at least one second opening (which, separate from the at least one first connection, provides a fluid connection to the first opening of the at least one first molding device). In a further embodiment, the water vapor from the preform is not removed by suction, but rather carried away by a secondary flow of a corresponding gas or gas mixture. For this purpose, a downstream suction device can be omitted, and a device connected upstream for introducing a secondary flow having a higher pressure can be provided.

[0055] By means of at least one second opening fluidically connected to the first opening of the at least one first molding device, a gas or a gas mixture (e.g., ambient air) can be simultaneously sucked in by the suction device during the extraction of the evaporated residual moisture content. Depending on the flow rate of the secondary flow introduced in this way and its water saturation, it is possible to regulate the thermodynamic conditions in the chamber in such a way that sufficient water vapor can always be discharged without causing a collapse of the environmental parameters required for hot pressing. Such a collapse can occur, for example, when the temperature in the chamber drops sharply and / or the pressure in the chamber changes sharply. The method thus makes it possible to optimize the production time or cycle time for the hot pressing of preforms from relatively moist slurries, wherein, when regulating the pressure in the first channels leading to the chambers, a uniform regulation of the boiling points in the individual chambers can be achieved while simultaneously improving the discharge of water vapor, as will be described below with respect to the tool components of the hot pressing tool of the hot pressing device and with respect to the hot pressing device.

[0056] In the method, the second mold part and the at least one second molding device can additionally be temperature-controlled, wherein uniform heating or, for this purpose, differential heating can be achieved via the first contact surface and the second contact surface.

[0057] In a further embodiment, the method also serves to control the hot pressing process, wherein the cycle time, the pressure generated by the respective presses when pressing the first and second tool parts, the amount of fluid sucked in (e.g., by regulating the suction power), and optionally also the position of a valve at a channel for sucking in a gas or gas mixture (e.g., ambient air), and the closing speed (i.e., the speed at which the first and second tool parts are moved relative to each other) are all controlled by a control system. For this purpose, the control system is connected to a device capable of changing or influencing the aforementioned settings and parameters.

[0058] By means of sensor elements (temperature measuring devices or means for detecting surface temperatures) which can be arranged as described above, the temperatures in the tool components can be detected and determined, wherein the closing speed, cycle time, suction power and / or valve position can be regulated via a control system depending on these temperatures.

[0059] In a further embodiment, the gas or gas mixture can come from the surroundings of the at least one tool component or be provided by a feed device, wherein the temperature and / or pressure of the gas or gas mixture delivered via the at least one second opening is regulated by the feed device at least in at least one chamber.

[0060] The feed device can, for example, include a compressor that introduces ambient air, a gas (e.g., oxygen), or another gas mixture at a higher pressure than ambient air. It may happen that the negative pressure used to extract the water vapor from the chamber via the suction device cannot be maintained at the level provided by the suction device. It is important to at least maintain the suction effect that removes the water vapor in the desired direction, or to support this, if necessary, by providing an overpressure of a secondary flow of gas or gas mixture ("blowing" the water vapor toward the suction device).

[0061] In a further embodiment, the evaporated residual moisture content can be drawn off via the at least one first connection at an absolute pressure of 0.1 to 0.9 bar and / or the gas or gas mixture can be delivered via the at least one second opening at an absolute pressure of 0.5 to 5 bar, preferably 1 to 1.5 bar.

[0062] In a further embodiment, the detected temperature and other values ​​(such as, for example, the moisture content, weight, and dimensions of the preform) and the parameters of the hot press (such as performance data and dimensions) can be input into a program. The program uses these input values ​​to simulate the hot pressing process and, in the process, determines at least one optimal control parameter for the hot pressing process (which describes the liquid content and / or temperature distribution during the hot pressing process). The optimal control parameter includes, but is not limited to, the closing speed of the hot press, the hot pressing pressure, the stopping time and stopping position during the closing period, and / or the flow rate of the gas or mixed gas side flow delivered through the at least one second opening. The optimal control parameter obtained from the simulation can be input, for example, via a user interface or HMI port, or via another communication channel. In a further embodiment, the fiber forming system or hot press can have a control system having an HMI port (such as a touch screen display) and a controller, wherein the simulation is performed by the controller. The determined optimal control parameter can then be directly integrated into the control process through verification.

[0063] The above-mentioned object is also achieved by a tool component for a hot pressing device, wherein the first tool body has at least one first molding device on at least one side, and the molding device has a first contact surface for the preform to be received on its surface, wherein the first tool body is made of a heat-conducting material and has at least one first temperature control device, which is configured to control the temperature of the first tool body and the at least one first molding device, wherein the at least one first molding device has a first opening for the preform to be received on the first contact surface, wherein the opening leads to at least one first channel in the first tool body, wherein the at least one first channel leads from the first opening to at least one first interface,

[0064] Furthermore, at least one first tool is provided for detecting the surface temperature of the at least one first molding device.

[0065] In the hot pressing tool, a cavity may be formed between a first contact surface of a first molding device in a first tool part and a cooperating second contact surface of a second molding device in a second tool part.

[0066] When the first and second tool parts of the hot pressing tool are pressed together, excess water or fluid from the slurry of the original product (preform) flows onto the surface / contact surface of the cavity and evaporates if the surface temperature is sufficiently high. This can also cause a brief drop in the temperature level. In the subsequent process, the material capacity of the tool parts directly adjacent to the surface provides heat to the area close to the surface, thereby very quickly restoring the contact surface to an intermediate level corresponding to the total power required to heat the preform. For this purpose, the first tool body and the molding device can, for example, be made of a metal or metal alloy that has good thermal conductivity. For example, the first tool body and the at least one first molding device can be made of aluminum, although other metals and metal alloys are also suitable. When selecting the material, the desired temperature, the heat storage capacity (capacity) and thermal conductivity of the material, and the composition of the slurry and its components must also be considered. The first tool body and the at least one molding device can also, for example, have a coating that protects the surface from damage and / or interacts with the slurry / water and / or one of the components of the tool device.

[0067] For example, the coating can also protect sensor elements on the surface of the first tool body and / or on the first contact surface of the at least one first molding device. Furthermore, the properties of the coating can be adapted to the requirements of the tool.

[0068] Furthermore, the at least one molding device can be an integral component of the first tool body. Thus, for example, the at least one molding device can be designed as a projection or recess in the first tool body and thereby produce the recesses and projections of the product to be produced.

[0069] In a further embodiment, the at least one first molding device can be interchangeably connected to the first mold body. To this end, both the first tool body and the at least one first molding device have matching fasteners. For example, the first molding device and the at least one first tool body can be connected via fasteners of the first tool body and the at least one first molding device, such as screws. These fasteners can be, for example, openings with or without threads, bolts, hooks, slides, and the like.

[0070] Traditionally, hot pressing tools and associated tool components often have multiple molding devices or cavities, allowing for the simultaneous production of multiple products during the hot pressing process. The aforementioned problems are exacerbated when multiple cavities or molding devices are present. For example, varying moisture contents of the preforms, temperature fluctuations at different locations on the surface of the cavities or molding devices, and the resulting varying pressures and temperatures, can lead to different evaporation processes and thus "clogging." Furthermore, multiple first channels can be provided in the first tool component, each with a flow path of varying length to the suction device, thereby further influencing the conditions within the cavities and first channels.

[0071] The at least one first means for detecting the surface temperature of the at least one first molding device allows the surface temperature of the contact surface to be determined before and / or during the hot pressing process. This allows the optimal closing speed to be determined and the hot pressing process to be influenced as a function of the surface temperature of the contact surface, in particular with regard to the cycle time, i.e., the time during which the first and second mold parts of the facing molding devices are pressed against each other.

[0072] Typically, the liquid is water, which produces water vapor when it leaves the preform during the hot pressing process. In order for the emerging water to evaporate on the surfaces of the contact surfaces, these surfaces must at least reach the boiling point of water and should not fall below this point in order to achieve an optimal hot pressing process.

[0073] It is important here that the surface temperature of the contact surface during closing is above the boiling point of the liquid in the preform.

[0074] After closing, the boiling point may, for example, drop or rise due to pressure changes within the closed chamber. The pressure within the chamber typically increases, for example due to the generation of water vapor. This water vapor can be drawn away through the first opening on the contact surface, resulting in a lower pressure prevailing within the chamber. This lower pressure causes the boiling point to drop. Therefore, after the hot press is closed, the contact surface of the chamber, even if the surface cools down due to the outflow of water, still has a sufficiently high temperature for the evaporating liquid. This allows the closing speed to account for the corresponding increase or decrease in boiling point. As the pressure within the chamber increases, the boiling point also increases, resulting in a slower closing speed and the need for additional stopping points. Typically, the hot press is closed when the surface of the contact surface has fully rewarmed, i.e., has reached the maximum temperature required for heating. Since rewarming is typically very rapid in an "empty" chamber (especially when no preform is placed within), the pause between two consecutive hot pressing processes during continuous operation is long enough to allow for complete rewarming.

[0075] The at least one tool for detecting the surface temperature of the at least one first molding device can be arranged at various locations on the tool component. It can be arranged on the at least one first molding device, for example, on a contact surface. Alternatively, multiple such tools can be arranged not only on the tool body but also on the at least one first molding device.

[0076] The at least one means for detecting the surface temperature can, for example, be configured as a temperature measuring device or sensor, which can be arranged directly in the surface area of ​​the tool body and / or in the contact surface area of ​​the at least one first molding device, and / or below the surface of the tool body and / or below the contact surface of the at least one second molding device.

[0077] For example, so-called thermocouples are suitable as temperature sensors, which are designed accordingly depending on the type of installation and integration in the tool body and / or molding device. For example, drill holes can be provided in the tool body and / or at least one molding device, into which temperature sensors are inserted. For example, these drill holes can be through-holes, so that the measuring tip of the corresponding temperature sensor is flush with the surface of the area surrounding the opening for the temperature sensor, for example. However, the drill holes can also be designed so that their ends are located below the surface to be measured. As a result, there is a corresponding distance to the surface of the respective component. Preferably, this distance is as small as possible, so that temperature changes can be detected relatively quickly. The distance can be, for example, 0.5 to 5 mm. In a further embodiment, after the temperature sensor has been inserted, the free space remaining in the drill hole can be filled with a filler. This filler can, for example, be a material with thermal insulation properties.

[0078] In a further embodiment, openings may be provided in the tool body, through which temperature sensors are guided. The temperature sensors extend from the openings in the tool body into corresponding openings in the at least one molding device to directly measure the surface temperature in the at least one molding device. In such an embodiment, when replacing a first molding device, the temperature sensor can be removed from at least one molding device and inserted into a corresponding opening in another molding device. To this end, only the tool body requires a corresponding through-channel with an outlet for the temperature sensor, and the molding device requires an opening opposite the outlet of the through-channel when connected to the tool body.

[0079] In a further embodiment, the tool part may have at least one second opening, which provides a fluid connection to the first opening of the at least one first molding device when separated from the at least one first interface. The at least one second opening, which is fluidically connected to the first opening of the at least one first molding device when separated from the at least one first interface, can achieve consistent pressure regulation in all cavities, especially when there are multiple first molding devices or cavities, wherein the boiling points of the fluids in different cavities are adjusted to be consistent so that "blockage" does not occur. As a result, the boiling points in the cavities will not be different due to large temperature differences, and thus the locally caused temperature differences in the cavities (such temperature differences are caused by the position of the cavities on the tool body and are related to the proximity between the cavities) will not be increased, and the impact on hot pressing is therefore small. Therefore, the solution proposed in this article provides the possibility of determining a cycle time for the hot pressing process, which cycle time is long enough for all preforms produced simultaneously, so that cycle time is not wasted.

[0080] Via the first opening, the fluid (gaseous or liquid) generated from the slurry during the hot pressing process can be extracted via the at least one first channel. The fluid is usually water that evaporates on the hot surface of the cavity. Therefore, water vapor is usually extracted from the cavity. To this end, a corresponding device (such as a vacuum pump) can be connected to the first interface. The extraction of the fluid (wherein "fluid" includes not only gaseous but also liquid substances, and also represents water and aqueous solutions from the slurry) can be carried out, for example, at a pressure lower than the ambient pressure. For example, the vacuum provided thereby can have an absolute pressure of 0.2 to 0.9 bar. The at least one second opening provides a fluid connection with the surrounding environment, a gas or mixed gas reservoir or a device for providing gas or mixed gas (pump, radial compressor, etc.) when, for example, water vapor is extracted via the first opening. Therefore, not only gaseous and / or liquid fluids are extracted from the cavity, but also gas or mixed gas, such as ambient air, is sucked in at the same time. As a result, the pressure in the at least one first channel and in all cavities can be adjusted to balance with the ambient pressure or the gas / gas mixture pressure, which may be different from the ambient pressure depending on the supply method (for example due to supply by a compressor, etc.).

[0081] According to the definition chosen here, even if a "closed" connection only exists when the first and second tool parts are in the closed state, a fluid connection exists between the second opening (e.g., formed by a slot) provided in the connection region between the first and second molding means and the first opening. This means that the connection in the tool parts can also exist along the contact surface via the surface of the first molding means. The at least one second opening can be formed by a recess in the contact region of the first molding means and / or a second molding means having a complementary structure, thereby eliminating the need for a sealing flange for the at least one second opening.

[0082] Due to the additional suction of gas, gas mixture, or ambient air, the fluid can be drawn through the first opening in the first contact surface or from the at least one cavity at different pressures. For example, due to the simultaneous suction of gas, gas mixture, or ambient air, the fluid can be drawn through the at least one first interface at a slightly lower pressure (less than 1 bar). As an alternative to suction, the fluid can also be "carried away" at a corresponding pressure through the at least one second opening, thus eliminating the need for suction.

[0083] Overall, the provision of a secondary flow of gas or a gas mixture (wherein the gas mixture also includes ambient air) achieves that no "clogging" occurs, since, for example, more "vapor volume" can be removed from the chamber compared to the conventionally existing low pressure (e.g. 1 bar).

[0084] Thus, for example, for a volume flow close to ambient pressure (approximately 1 bar), a greater "vapor volume" is extracted than at a lower pressure (e.g., 0.5 bar). If the secondary flow of gas or gas mixture is provided at a higher pressure (greater than 1 bar), there is a greater likelihood that, for example, water vapor will be expelled or drawn from the chamber. Among other factors, the saturation of the water secondary flow is crucial for this. The lower the saturation, the more water can be drawn from the chamber, and thus more water can be expelled or extracted. Furthermore, as the amount of gas or gas mixture supplied via the secondary flow increases, or as the pressure used to supply the gas or gas mixture increases, the ability to remove water evaporated at the hot contact surfaces of the chamber per unit time increases. In the case of a higher secondary flow pressure, the flow direction of the total gas flow of water vapor and the secondary flow of gas or gas mixture can be predetermined so that the secondary flow "blows" the water vapor out of the chamber. In this embodiment, the secondary flow can be defined as the standard pressure, with pressures lower than it being defined as low pressure.

[0085] The enthalpy of evaporation of the fluid (especially water) from the slurry is essentially independent of the temperature level in the chamber and is many times higher than the energy required to heat to the evaporation temperature. Therefore, it is advantageous to remove the generated water vapor at the most effective pressure possible.

[0086] In summary, the tool components described herein allow for a uniform boiling point in the cavity of a hot pressing tool while achieving pressure balance in the outlet channels (at least one first channel), significantly increasing the volume of fluid discharged from the preform without compromising cycle time. The proposed solution significantly improves the hot pressing process and, consequently, the resulting fiber material product, with relatively little effort.

[0087] The first interface of the first channel can be implemented in various forms. Thus, the first interface can only provide a connection to another channel outside the first tool body. In further embodiments, the first connector can include a connecting element for coupling with a mating connecting element. In further embodiments, the at least one first interface can also include a valve that is adjustable for suction and vacuum application.

[0088] The at least one second opening can be provided in the first tool body and / or the at least one first molding device. As described above, the at least one second opening can be configured as a recess in the contact region of the first molding device, which, when connected to the second molding device, provides a fluid connection between the at least one second opening and the corresponding first opening of the first contact surface. Configurations for these second openings include, for example, relatively small, circular, oval, or slot-shaped openings. As with the other second openings, the width of these second openings is determined so that a secondary flow of gas or gas mixture provided through the cavity does not disrupt the prevailing conditions therein. Because these conditions depend on the dimensions of the product to be manufactured and the resulting cavity dimensions, the moisture content of the preform, the cycle time, and the media involved, the limitations of these conditions (particularly temperature and pressure) (which in turn determine the dimensions of the second opening) are not relevant to the width of the second opening. However, it is understood that the width of the at least one second opening is dependent on these limitations and is determined accordingly. Alternatively, the at least one second opening can also be provided in the first tool body and fluidically connected to the at least one first channel and / or first opening.

[0089] In a further embodiment, the first tool body may have at least one second channel that is fluidly connected to the at least one first channel and the at least one second opening. In a further embodiment, the at least one second channel may be fluidly connected to the surrounding environment, a reservoir of gas or gas mixture, or a device for providing a secondary flow of gas or gas mixture (e.g., a compressor) via at least one second connection in the first tool body.

[0090] The at least one second connector can be implemented in a different form than the first connector, for example, configured as an opening. A connecting element can also be designed on the at least one second connector, which enables connection to the valve. In a further embodiment, the connecting element itself can also constitute the second connector.

[0091] Furthermore, in a further embodiment, the at least one second opening can also be connected to the surroundings, a gas reservoir or a device for providing gas or a gas mixture.

[0092] In a further embodiment, the tool component may have at least one adjusting element for adjusting the opening width of the at least one second opening. This adjusting element is used to adjust the flow rate of the conveyed secondary flow. Depending on the specific embodiment, the adjusting element can be implemented as a valve or, for example, as a baffle.

[0093] In a further embodiment, the at least one second opening and / or the at least one first channel may comprise at least one valve, by means of which the flow rate of the secondary flow of the delivered gas or gas mixture can be controlled. This allows adaptation to different measured or detected conditions in the cavities and / or channels of the mold body, different moisture contents of the preforms, and / or different cavity arrangements of the respective products. The second connection may also be connected to a valve or comprise a valve.

[0094] This allows the amount of gas or gas mixture (e.g., ambient air) drawn in to be adjusted. This significantly influences the amount of fluid (e.g., water vapor) drawn in. In particular, with continuous monitoring of the hot pressing process, the amount of fluid discharged, the temperature in the chamber, and thus the boiling point and pressure in the channels or chambers of the tool components can be permanently adjusted to achieve a predetermined optimal state with respect to cycle time or period.

[0095] In a further refinement, the adjustment element can be implemented, for example, as a baffle, which is movably arranged on the first tool body and has at least one opening that, in its neutral position, overlaps at least one second opening. If the baffle is displaced or otherwise shifted (e.g., twisted, tilted, etc.), the width of the at least one second opening changes. For example, in an embodiment having multiple, particularly parallel, second channels, where the corresponding second openings are arranged on one side of the first tool body, the baffle with the corresponding opening is movably arranged. By moving the baffle, the width of all second openings can be changed simultaneously. This can be done, for example, to adapt the width of the second openings to a new product or cavity, or to changes in cavity conditions and / or preform properties. The baffle can be moved manually, for example, by loosening a locking element (e.g., a screw) and relocking it after the new setting, or it can be locked by a motor. The motor can be controlled, for example, based on measured, detected, and / or calculated conditions and / or parameter values.

[0096] In a further embodiment, the hot pressing component may include multiple second channels extending within the first tool body. This allows, for example, a relatively large amount of fluid to be discharged in a shorter time compared to conventional embodiments in which the tool body has only one first channel or only one second channel. Furthermore, "clogging" is further reduced, ensuring that the channels in the tool body have sufficient capacity to accommodate variable volumes of fluid or water vapor, even during intense steam generation. This also ensures that the boiling point in the cavity and the pressure in the channels are balanced or reach the same level.

[0097] In a further embodiment, the second channels can extend parallel to one another. Furthermore, the parallel second channels can be connected to one another via connecting ducts, for example, that intersect the second channels. This ensures that the drawn-in gas or gas mixture (e.g., ambient air) reaches the respective cavities of the tool component in sufficient quantities to allow the fluid (e.g., water vapor) to be discharged without a short-term pressure increase in the channels. For example, during hot pressing, large amounts of water vapor can be generated in a short period of time. The channels in the tool body are typically designed to have a relatively small diameter (e.g., in the range of 1 to 5 mm), so that only a limited amount of water vapor can be discharged per unit time. For reasons of heat storage capacity, the diameter of the second channels cannot be chosen to be arbitrarily large, as otherwise, for example, the drawn-in ambient air (which at normal room temperature is, for example, 20°C) would cause the second channels to cool significantly, or the gas / gas mixture would have a significantly different temperature from the ambient air. This would subsequently cool the tool body and, therefore, the first molding device, wherein the tool body and the first molding device operate, for example, in a temperature range of 150°C to 250°C. The closer the channels are interconnected, the more it is ensured that even during short-term peaks in water vapor, sufficient amounts of water vapor can be removed without local pressure peaks occurring in the chambers or channels. This also prevents local increases in the boiling point in individual chambers.

[0098] In a further embodiment, the channels extending through the tool body for evacuating fluid (e.g., water vapor) from the preform can have a diameter that gradually increases toward the first connection. Specifically in the case of a multi-cavity design, multiple channels typically extend through the tool body, terminating at a common first channel with a single first connection. This common first channel must remove a greater volume of evaporated fluid per unit time than the individual channels from the cavities and therefore requires a correspondingly larger diameter. The diameter can be determined based on the tool body configuration and the number and configuration of the cavities or molding devices.

[0099] The aforementioned object is further achieved by a hot pressing device having at least one first mold part and at least one second mold part, wherein:

[0100] - the at least one first tool part comprises a first tool body, which has at least one first molding device on at least one side, and the first molding device has a first contact surface for the preform to be received on its surface, wherein the first tool body is made of a heat-conducting material and has at least one first temperature control device, which is configured to control the temperature of the first tool body and the at least one first molding device, wherein the at least one first molding device has first openings for the preform to be received on the first contact surface, said openings leading to at least one first channel in the first tool body, wherein the at least one first channel leads from the first opening to at least one first interface,

[0101] the at least one second tool part has a second tool body made of a heat-conducting material, wherein the second tool body has on at least one side at least one second molding device, which is designed complementary to the at least one first molding device and has on its surface a second contact surface for the preform to be received, and

[0102] - when the at least one first tool part and the at least one second tool part for hot pressing the preform are pressed against one another, a cavity for the preform to be received is formed between the first contact surface and the second contact surface,

[0103] Furthermore, at least one first tool is provided for detecting the surface temperature of at least a surface of the at least one first molding device.

[0104] The hot pressing device can be constructed according to the above-described embodiment and thus possesses the advantages listed for the hot pressing device. Therefore, in the hot pressing device proposed by the present invention, the surface temperature of the contact surface of the at least one first molding device and / or the at least one second molding device can be detected or measured. This detection or measurement can also be performed in the closed state to monitor the impact of the hot pressing operation on the components involved and, for example, to regulate the step-by-step approach process. It is important that the closing of the hot pressing device is completed so that the surface temperature of the contact surface of the cavity, depending on the fluid evaporating from the preform, does not fall below the boiling point of the liquid contained in the preform, depending on the surface temperature of the contact surface of the cavity.

[0105] In a further embodiment, the at least one first temperature control device may include at least one non-contact temperature measuring device. This non-contact temperature measuring device can, for example, measure the surface temperature of a contact surface using infrared light, without requiring drilling or other structural modifications to the tool assembly. To this end, in a further embodiment, the surface whose temperature is to be measured may be coated, thereby enabling non-contact measurement using other measuring devices.

[0106] In a further embodiment, a plurality of non-contact temperature measuring devices can be provided, which are arranged in different positions, for example at different distances from the surface to be measured and / or with different orientations thereto. For example, the orientation of such a temperature measuring device can depend on the angle between the temperature measuring device and the surface to be measured. In particular, this refers to the angle formed by the sensor element of the temperature measuring device relative to the surface to be measured. In a further embodiment, an average value can be determined from the sum of the measured surface temperatures, and the average value is then used as the temperature value of the surface temperature to determine the closing time point of the hot pressing device. The individual temperature values ​​can be weighted in such an average value, for example depending on the distance between the sensor element of the corresponding temperature measuring device and the surface to be measured and / or the angle formed by the sensor element relative to the surface to be measured.

[0107] In a further embodiment, the at least one non-contact temperature measuring device can be arranged such that temperature detection is only possible when the hot pressing apparatus is in the open state, when the first and second tool parts are displaced relative to each other and the first contact surface is exposed. In this case, the non-contact temperature measuring device can be arranged outside the hot pressing range. Thus, even with existing hot pressing equipment, the surface temperature of the contact surface can be monitored, thereby optimizing the hot pressing process.

[0108] In a further embodiment, the at least one first temperature control device can have at least one sensor device, which is arranged on a surface of the at least one first molding device and / or in the at least one first molding device. In particular, multiple sensor devices can be arranged at different locations in the molding device to detect the local temperature prevailing in the cavity. In a further embodiment, this can then also be used to control the closing speed, cycle time, tool heating by the temperature control device, valve position, and, if necessary, the power of the suction device.

[0109] In a further embodiment, additionally or alternatively, a device for detecting the surface temperature (sensor device, sensor element, etc.) can be provided to determine the surface temperature of the contact surface in the cavity below the surface. These devices detect temperature reference values, which in turn represent the corresponding pre-determined surface temperature at the contact surface. The smaller the difference between the actual surface temperature and a reference temperature in the tool body that is lower than the surface temperature, the smaller the distance of the sensor element from the surface. For example, the temperature sensor element can be positioned a few millimeters below the surface, for example, in the range of 1 to 5 mm. The closer the sensor element is to the surface, the faster the temperature changes can be detected. This is particularly important when the surface temperature of the contact surface drops, such as when a moist preform is inserted and when the fluid / water is expelled during the hot pressing process. If the distance of the sensor element from the surface of the contact surface is greater, even if the tool body has a relatively high thermal conductivity, the sensor element will lag behind, and thus detect the temperature changes relatively late.

[0110] The first and second tool parts are designed such that they have cooperating molding devices which, in the closed state, form a cavity for the preforms pressed against one another. Furthermore, the first and second tool parts can be designed substantially similarly, wherein the first and second tool parts are made of the same material, for example, and can have the same coating.

[0111] A hot pressing device with this configuration enables the production of product shapes from preforms during the hot pressing process, while maintaining short cycle times and producing preforms / products within a specified framework, i.e., with a maximum residual moisture content and without "clogging" during the production process. As described above, this is achieved by additionally drawing in a gas, a gas mixture, or ambient air through at least one second opening in the first tool part during the hot pressing process, while also drawing in a fluid (e.g., water vapor). This allows pressure compensation in the channels of the first tool body and adjustment of the boiling points in the various cavities to achieve equilibrium. Furthermore, larger volumes of fluid (e.g., water vapor) can be discharged.

[0112] Like the first and second tool bodies, both the at least one first molding device and the at least one second molding device can be made of a material that has good thermal conductivity and is also resistant to damage by fibers and pulp, as well as escaping water vapor. Metals and alloys are particularly suitable materials. For example, the at least one first molding device and the at least one second molding device can be made of aluminum.

[0113] In a further embodiment, the second tool part can have a second temperature control device, which is configured to adjust the temperature of the second tool body and the at least one second molding device. In addition to heating the first tool part, the second tool part can also be heated via the second temperature control device. Here, the first tool part and the second tool part can basically reach the same temperature or different temperatures. This makes it possible to achieve targeted heating of the preform in the cavity. In addition, this can take into account, for example, the fact that the preform is first placed on the first contact surface or the second contact surface, and these contact surfaces cool down due to the liquid (water) contained in the preform. For example, this makes it possible to heat these contact surfaces more strongly so that during the hot pressing process, when the first tool part and the second tool part are pressed against each other, basically equal heat energy can be introduced into both sides of the preform in the cavity.

[0114] The first and / or second temperature control devices may comprise, for example, heating cartridges inserted into the first and / or second tool bodies. The configuration of the temperature control devices and the number of heating cartridges depend on the design (size, material / stock) of the tool components, the number of molding devices, and their design (size and volume).

[0115] In a further embodiment, the first temperature control device and / or the second temperature control device may further comprise an additional heating device, which is configured to heat the first tool body and / or the second tool body and the molding device arranged thereon.

[0116] In a further embodiment, the at least one second molding device has a third opening on the second contact surface for the preform to be accommodated, which third openings lead to third channels in the second tool body, wherein the at least one third channel leads from the third opening to at least one third interface. This provides the possibility of discharging fluid from the preform from both sides. For this purpose, a suction device can be connected via the third interface. A suction device like the one used for the first interface can be used here. In addition, similar to the at least one second channel of the first tool body, an additional channel can also be provided in the second tool body, through which gas, mixed gas or ambient air is sucked in. This makes it possible to form an "air cushion" on the second contact surface, because leaking fluid can always be discharged and the cavity is not blocked on both sides facing the preform.

[0117] In a further embodiment, at least one second opening can be formed in the contact region between the at least one first molding device and the at least one second molding device. To this end, sections of the respective contact regions of the at least one first molding device and the at least one second molding device may include recesses, for example. These recesses together form an opening when the first and second molding devices are connected. This opening is formed partially by the region surrounding the opening of the at least one first molding device and partially by the region surrounding the opening of the at least one second molding device. In yet a further embodiment, the at least one second opening can also be formed by a recess in the connection region of the at least one first molding device or the connection region of the at least one second molding device.

[0118] In addition, the second opening can also be arranged below the connection area of ​​at least one first molding device and / or at least one second molding device.Such second opening can also extend around the first molding device and / or the second molding device at regular or irregular intervals.

[0119] Further features, embodiments and advantages result from the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0120] The figure shows:

[0121] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a fiber forming machine for producing products made of fiber materials;

[0122] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a forming station having a hot pressing device for hot pressing a preform with a hot pressing tool to produce a product made of fiber material;

[0123] Figure 3 is a perspective schematic diagram of a tool component of a hot pressing tool;

[0124] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A first schematic cross-sectional view of the tool component is shown;

[0125] Figure 5 yes Figure 3 a second schematic cross-sectional view of the tool component shown;

[0126] Figure 6 is a method for producing a product made from a fibrous material; and

[0127] Figure 7a , b are various illustrations of a finished bowl made of a fiber material, which is made according to the production process described in this article. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0128] The technical guidance described herein is illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Identical components, parts, and processes are referenced using the same reference numerals throughout the accompanying figures. Components, parts, and processes that are not essential to the technical guidance disclosed herein or that can be independently deduced by a skilled artisan are not reiterated. Features listed in the singular also include the plural unless otherwise explicitly stated. This is especially true when referring to "a" or "an."

[0129] The accompanying drawings show various embodiments of tool components 640, 690, a hot pressing device 610 and a corresponding forming station 600, a fiber forming machine 1000, and a method 2000 for operating a fiber forming machine (particularly for hot pressing fiber molded articles). The embodiments shown here do not limit the design and modification of the embodiments described.

[0130] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a fiber forming machine 1000 for producing products made of fiber material is shown. In the illustrated embodiment, the fiber material for producing the product is prepared by a fiber processing device and supplied to the fiber forming machine 1000. This preparation and supply can be achieved, for example, via a supply conduit, wherein liquid slurry is supplied from the fiber processing device, for example, continuously or intermittently, to a storage container or slurry tank 200 of the fiber forming machine 1000. Alternatively, the slurry can be prepared in the slurry tank 200 of the fiber forming machine 1000. To this end, water and fiber material, and optionally additives, can be introduced into the slurry tank 200 via liquid supply, and the slurry in the slurry tank 200 is processed by mixing the individual components, inputting heat, and using auxiliary tools (such as a blender, for example).

[0131] Raw pulp refers to a fiber-containing solution, wherein the fiber content of this aqueous solution is in the range of 0.5% to 10% by weight. It may also contain additives such as starch, chemical additives, wax, etc. The fibers can be, for example, natural fibers such as cellulose fibers, or fibers produced from fiber-containing raw materials such as waste paper.

[0132] The fiber processing equipment provides the possibility of preparing a large amount of raw pulp and supplying it to multiple fiber forming machines 1000.

[0133] The fiber forming machine 1000 can be used to manufacture, for example, biodegradable cups, capsules, and bowls 3000 ( Figure 7ab) plates and other molded parts and / or packaging components (e.g., as stands / support structures for electronic devices). Since the raw materials for these products are fiber pulp containing natural fibers, the products produced can be reused as raw materials for manufacturing such products or composted after use, as they are generally fully decomposable and do not contain any substances of concern or that could harm the environment.

[0134] Figure 1 The fiber forming machine 1000 shown in has a frame 100 which may be surrounded by a cladding. The cladding may have transparent side walls through which the workstations and working units of the fiber forming machine can be seen and the production process of the product can be visually monitored. The cladding serves to prevent damage from the movable parts and sometimes heated parts of the fiber forming machine 1000 as well as from the fiber material from the pulp and the pulp itself which may "splash around" during the production process. Access to the supply unit 300 of the fiber forming machine 1000 is possible via a door. In Figure 1 On the longitudinal side shown in FIG, the cladding can have sliding or pivoting doors, so that all workstations of the fiber forming machine 100 can be accessed for maintenance.

[0135] The supply unit 300 of the fiber forming machine 1000 includes, for example, ports for supplying media (e.g., water, slurry, compressed air, gas, etc.) and energy (power supply), a central control unit 310, at least one suction device 320, a conduit system for different media, pumps, valves, conduits, sensors, measuring devices, bus systems, etc., and ports for bidirectional communication via wired and / or wireless data connections. As an alternative to a wired data connection, a data connection can also be formed via an optical fiber cable. A data connection can be formed, for example, between the control unit 310 and a central control system for multiple fiber forming machines 1000, connecting fiber processing equipment, service points, and / or other facilities. Control of the fiber forming machine 1000 can also be completed via an indirect data connection via a mobile device (such as, for example, a smartphone, a tablet computer, or the like).

[0136] The control unit 310 communicates bidirectionally with the HMI panel 700 via a bus system or data connection. The HMI panel 700 has a display that shows operating data and status of optional components of the fiber forming machine 1000 or the entire fiber forming machine 1000. The display can be configured as a touch screen display, thereby allowing the operator of the fiber forming machine 1000 to manually perform settings. Additionally or alternatively, further input tools such as a keyboard, joystick, keypad, etc. can be provided on the HMI panel 700 for operator input. This allows the settings to be changed and the operation of the fiber forming machine 1000 to be influenced.

[0137] Fiber forming machine 1000 includes a robot 500. Robot 500 is designed as a so-called six-axis robot, capable of picking up, rotating, and moving parts in any spatial direction within its radius of action. Instead of the robot 500 shown in the figure, other handling devices can be designed that are configured to receive, rotate, or rotate, and move products in various spatial directions. Furthermore, such handling devices can be configured in various ways, and for this purpose, the arrangement of the corresponding workstations of fiber forming machine 1000 can differ from the illustrated embodiment.

[0138] A suction tool is arranged on the robot 500. In the embodiment shown, the suction tool comprises, for example, a suction mold which is manufactured inversely to the shape of the product to be molded, such as, for example Figure 7a , and bowl 3000 shown in FIG. b. These suction molds can, for example, have a mesh-like structure, onto which the fibers from the raw pulp are deposited. These suction molds also have openings through which the raw pulp can be vacuumed when the suction tool is within the raw pulp pool 200, at least partially immersed in the aqueous fiber solution (raw pulp). While the suction tool is within the raw pulp pool 200 and the raw pulp, a vacuum or low pressure can be applied via a suction device 320 to aspirate the fibers. To this end, the fiber forming machine 1000 is equipped with a corresponding tool near the supply unit 300. The suction tool has a conduit for providing vacuum / low pressure, which leads from the suction device 320 at the supply unit 300 to the suction tool and has openings in the suction mold. Valves are arranged in the conduit and can be activated by the control unit 310 to regulate the suction of the fibers. This can also be achieved by having the suction device 320 "blow out" rather than suctioning. To this end, the suction device 320 can be switched to another operating mode depending on its design.

[0139] When manufacturing a product from a fiber material, a suction tool is immersed in the slurry and low pressure / vacuum is applied at the opening of the suction mold, thereby sucking the fibers out of the slurry and adhering them to the suction mold of the suction tool. Subsequently, the robot 500 moves the suction tool together with the fibers attached to the suction mold (these fibers still have a relatively high moisture content, for example, more than 80% water by weight) to the pre-pressing station 400 of the fiber forming machine 1000. During this process, the low pressure on the suction mold is maintained. The pre-pressing station 400 has a pre-pressing tool with a pre-pressing mold. The pre-pressing mold can, for example, be constructed to be consistent with the shape of the product to be molded and have corresponding dimensions with respect to the design of the product in order to accommodate the fibers attached to the suction mold.

[0140] During the product manufacturing process, the suction tool with the fibers attached to the suction mold is moved toward the pre-pressing station 400 so that the fibers are pressed into the pre-pressing mold. Here, the fibers on the suction mold are pressed together, thereby creating a stronger connection between the fibers. Furthermore, the moisture content of the resulting preform is reduced, so that the preform formed after pre-pressing has a moisture content of only 60% by weight, for example.

[0141] During the pre-pressing, the liquid or puree can be sucked away via a suction tool and / or via other openings in the pre-pressing mold and fed back in. The liquid or puree that comes out of the pre-pressing station 400 during suction via a suction tool and / or during pre-pressing can be fed back into the puree tank 200.

[0142] After pre-pressing in the pre-pressing station 400, the preform produced in this manner is moved by the robot 500 onto a suction tool to the forming station 600. To this end, a vacuum is maintained on the suction tool to hold the preform on or in the suction mold. The preform is then transferred via the suction tool to the first tool body 642 below, where it can be removed from the hot press 610 along the production line. If the tool body 642 is in its removed position, the suction tool is moved toward the tool body 642 so that the preform can be placed onto the first molding device 670 of the tool body 642. Subsequently, overpressure is applied through an opening in the suction tool to actively remove the preform from the suction mold, or the extraction process is stopped, allowing the preform to remain on the first molding device 670 of the first tool body 642 due to gravity. Providing overpressure at the opening in the suction mold allows the pre-pressed preform, which is resting on or adhering to the suction mold, to be released and ejected.

[0143] After that, the suction tool is moved away by the robot 500 and immersed in the raw pulp pool 200 to extract more fibers to produce a fiber-containing product.

[0144] Then, in the forming station 600, pressing is performed while applying heat. After this hot pressing process, the first tool body 642 and the second tool body 692 are moved away from each other, and the upper second tool body 692 is moved along the fiber forming machine 1000 in the production direction. After the hot pressing process, the finished product is sucked through the upper second tool body 692 and thus retained within the second molding device 694. Thus, the finished product is removed from the forming station 600 and, after processing, is placed on the conveyor belt of the conveyor 800 via the second tool body 692. After being placed, the suction operation of the second tool body 692 is terminated, and the product remains on the conveyor belt. The upper second tool body 692 is returned to the forming station 600, and another hot pressing process can be performed.

[0145] The forming station 600 has a hot pressing device 610. In the hot pressing device 610, the preform is pressed into a finished product made of fiber material under the action of heat. A possible embodiment of the forming station 600 is as follows Figure 2 As shown in .

[0146] The fiber forming machine 1000 also includes a conveyor 800 with a conveyor belt. After the final forming and hot pressing at the forming station 600, the finished product made of the fiber-containing material can be placed on the conveyor belt and removed from the fiber forming machine 1000. In further embodiments, the product can be further processed after being placed on the conveyor belt of the conveyor 800, such as printing, filling, and / or stacking the product. The stacking work can be performed, for example, by an additional robot or another device. Such a device can, for example, include at least one gripper 910 that grabs the products placed on the conveyor belt and stacks them in crates or the like. The at least one gripper 910 can cooperate with an optical device (such as a camera) to detect the position and orientation of the product, wherein the image captured by the camera is evaluated by software, and the software then outputs control commands to the at least one gripper based on the evaluated image.

[0147] Furthermore, the fiber forming machine 1000 has a stacking device 900 arranged downstream of the forming station 600 in the production line direction. In the embodiment shown, the stacking device 900 has two gripper devices arranged one behind the other, each having a gripper 910. The grippers 910 can be used to grip and stack individual bowls 3000 after hot pressing, for example. Figure 1 In front of the stacking device 900, a camera 810 is arranged, which detects the position and orientation of the 3000 pallets arranged on the conveyor belt of the conveyor 800. The captured image is evaluated by a controller, which generates a control command for the gripper 910 to pick up the housing 3000.

[0148] In a further embodiment, the fiber forming machine 1000 may have a crane for replacing the first tool body 642 and the second tool body 692 , for modifying the fiber forming machine 1000 to produce other products, or for maintaining the tool body 642 and / or the tool body 992 .

[0149] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a forming station 600 with a hot pressing device 610 is shown for hot pressing a preform with a hot pressing tool to produce a product made of fiber material.

[0150] Figure 2The molding station 600 is shown in an open state. The molding station 600 with a hot pressing device 610 has a base 620 with a tool table 622. A first tool part 640 is arranged on the tool table 622. The first tool part 640 has a first tool body 642 below, which is arranged linearly movably on the tool table 622. The first tool body 642 can be moved in the drawing direction relative to the tool table 622. For this purpose, a guide rail system or other device for linearly moving the first tool body 642 is designed. In addition, a drive member is also designed, which performs the movement of the first tool body 642. The drive member is regulated by the control unit 310 based on the control signal. A plurality of molding devices 670 are arranged on the upper side of the first tool body 642, which are configured to have a shape opposite to the product to be molded. Figure 3 and 4 The structural design of the molding device is elaborated in detail.

[0151] The molding station 600 includes a second mold part 690 with a second mold body 692. The upper second mold body 692 includes a second molding device 696 on its bottom side, which is configured to conform to the shape of the product to be molded. When the first mold part 640 and the second mold part 690 are moved and pressed against each other, a cavity is created between the contact surfaces 676, 696 of the first molding device 670 and the second molding device 694, respectively, whose size and shape correspond to the size and shape of the product to be manufactured.

[0152] The upper tool body 692 is arranged on the upper tool table 628 so as to be linearly movable. Therefore, at the end of a hot pressing process, the upper tool body 692 can be moved in the opposite direction to the first tool body 642 via a guide rail system or similar equipment and a corresponding drive element to place the finished product onto the conveyor belt of the conveyor 800. The drive element is controlled by the control unit 310.

[0153] The upper tool table 628 can be moved in the movement direction 602 via a guide rod 626 by a press (which can be configured as a toggle press 630, for example). As an alternative to the toggle press 630, in another embodiment, the press is realized by a linearly movable pressing device (also indicated by the reference numeral 630). The pressing device can be driven, for example, pneumatically, hydraulically and / or electrically via corresponding devices and performs a relative movement between the first tool part 640 and the second tool part 690. The toggle press 630 is arranged on a support yoke 632 of the forming station 600. According to the control unit 310d, the second tool part 690 is moved downwardly toward the first tool part 640 via the toggle press 630, wherein the second tool body 692 with the second molding device 694 is guided above the upper tool table 628 and the guide rod 626.

[0154] In the illustrated embodiment, the port 624 is used to provide control commands, supply power, provide a medium (eg, compressed air, etc.), and discharge a medium (eg, aspirated fluid, air, water, etc.).

[0155] The first tool body 642 and the first molding device 670, as well as the second tool body 692 with the second molding device 694, are made, in particular, of a material with very good thermal conductivity properties. Preferably, metal is used for this purpose. In the embodiment shown, the first tool body 642 and the first molding device 670, as well as the second tool body 692 and the second molding device 694, are made of aluminum.

[0156] The first tool body 642 and the second tool body 692 house a temperature control device that provides heating for the tool bodies 642 and 692 and the molding devices 670 and 694. The temperature control device is controlled based on a control signal from the control unit 310. For example, the temperature control device is a heating cartridge 660. The heating cartridge 660 generates heat when a voltage is applied. Therefore, the heating of the tool components 640 and 690 can be easily adjusted. Other temperature control devices may also be used in other embodiments.

[0157] Figure 3 A schematic, partially cutaway perspective view of a tool part 640 of a hot pressing tool is shown. The first tool part 640 has a plate 644 on its upper side, to which a molding device 670 for heating a bowl 3000 can be connected to a first tool body 642 via fasteners, such as screws 662 and corresponding openings in the plate 644. The first molding device 670 has a base 672 with corresponding openings for fastening to the first tool body 642, wherein the base 672 is not used for molding the bowl 3000. This allows the first molding device 670 to be replaced, for example, to convert a fiber forming machine for the production of other products or to replace a contaminated or damaged first molding device 670 for maintenance.

[0158] On the bottom side, the first tool body 642 is formed as a first tool body 641 according to a guide rail system for repositioning the first tool body 642. To this end, a rack and pinion are further arranged on the first tool body 642, which meshes with a driven gear of a drive provided on the tool table 622. By rotating the gear via the drive device, the first tool body 642 can be fed to reposition it.

[0159] In the illustrated embodiment, two first channels 646 extend substantially in the direction shown in the drawing in the first tool body 642. The first channels 646 are fluidically connected to a device for suction (e.g., the suction device 320) via a connection unit 650, so that a vacuum can be generated in the first channels 646 via the corresponding first interface and the connection unit 650. The first channels 646 in the first tool body 642 are also connected to second channels 652, wherein the second channels 656 extend transversely to the first channels 646 and are oriented parallel to each other.

[0160] The second channel 652 has a second interface 654 equipped with a valve 656. In this embodiment, the second interface 654 constitutes a second opening, through which the delivery of ambient air is completed, or in further embodiments, the delivery of gas (e.g., oxygen) or another gas mixture is completed. In yet further embodiments, the amount and pressure of the gas or gas mixture delivered can be regulated via a compressor. Such a compressor, for example, can be arranged in the supply unit 300 and be fluidly connected to at least one second opening via port 624 to provide a "side stream" of gas or gas mixture during hot pressing.

[0161] In further embodiments, the second opening is arranged on other surfaces of the first tool body 642. For example, one or more second openings can be arranged on the upper surface of the plate 644, on the bottom side opposite to the plate 644, or on other side walls, or on a surface with a Figure 3 The side walls of the valve 656 shown in FIG6 are arranged orthogonally or oppositely. For example, if the second opening is arranged on the upper surface of the plate 644, a relatively short second channel can be designed, thereby achieving a small amount of cooling of the tool body 642 and, therefore, the molding device 670. The second opening arranged on the upper surface of the plate 644 can be arranged, in particular, between the first molding devices 670, because this is where the most intense heating of the tool body 642 may occur during operation of the hot press. This allows heating of the secondary flow of gas or gas mixture delivered via the second opening without the energy extracted from the tool body 642 for this purpose causing the tool body 642 to drop below the desired temperature for heating the molding device 670.

[0162] In yet further embodiments, supply unit 300 includes a heating device for heating the secondary flow of gas or gas mixture, thereby enabling the secondary flow to be introduced through the second opening at a specified temperature. Because the water saturation of the secondary flow is crucial for the ability to discharge water vapor, in further embodiments, supply unit 300 may also include a device for dehumidifying the secondary flow of gas or gas mixture before it is introduced through the at least one second opening. This dehumidification device is particularly desirable when, for example, ambient air is introduced into the secondary air flow and the ambient air already has a relatively high water saturation or moisture content.

[0163] In a further embodiment, the relatively high temperature (>90°C) extracted or otherwise exhausted water vapor / gas stream can be directed through a heat exchanger, which transfers heat to an extracted or otherwise provided secondary stream, which is fed in via a second opening or valve 656. This utilizes the energy of the exhausted fluid from the chamber to heat the secondary stream. This prevents or reduces cooling of the tool components 640, 690 by the secondary stream. Furthermore, warmer air, for example, has a higher water vapor absorption capacity due to a lower saturation level, further improving water vapor removal.

[0164] The second channel 652 is fluidically connected to the surrounding environment via a valve 656, thereby allowing, for example, a gas mixture (e.g., ambient air) or gas to be drawn in. The valve 656 can be controlled via the control unit 310, thereby adjusting the amount of gas mixture or gas that can be drawn in. The second channel 652 is closed at the end opposite the valve 656. In a further embodiment, the second channel 652 does not have a valve 656, so that a connection to the surrounding environment or to a device for supplying gas or gas mixture is permanently established via a corresponding second opening, and the gas mixture or gas is also drawn into the second channel 646 when a vacuum or low pressure is applied.

[0165] Starting from the second channel 652, a vertical channel section 653 extends through the plate 644 and is opposite a matching opening in a base 672 on the bottom side of the first molding device 670. The first molding device 670 has a molding channel 648, which leads to a plurality of openings 678 on the surface of a mold 674 formed by the first molding device 67. The surface of these molds 674 forms a first contact surface 676 for the preform to be received, which is made of a fiber-containing material.

[0166] The molds 674 shown are used to produce the bowl 3000 as a finished product from a preform. To this end, these molds 674 have a flat surface for forming the bottom 3010 of the bowl 3000. A surrounding side wall 3020 extends from the bottom 3010, which is formed by the inclined side surfaces of the mold 674. In the embodiment shown, the finished bowl 3000 ( Figure 7a ) has a substantially circular bottom surface and circumferential, steep side surfaces, the upper end of which, facing away from the bottom 3010, has an edge 3030, which is formed on the lower ring of the mold 674 extending around the inclined side surfaces.

[0167] Parallel to the second channel 652, a heating cartridge 660 extends through the first tool body 642. The heating cartridge 660 is powered via the connection unit 650 and can be controlled via the control unit 310. In the illustrated embodiment, the first tool body 642 is heated to, for example, 250°C via the heating cartridge 660. In further embodiments, the first tool body 642 can be heated, for example, within a temperature range of 150°C to 300°C. The second tool body 692 can also be heated via the heating cartridge 660 or another temperature control device, in particular operating within the same temperature range as the first tool body 642. In the illustrated embodiment, for example, the first tool body 642 and the second tool body 692 are heated to essentially the same temperature level.

[0168] exist Figure 3 , a first temperature sensor 680 is shown, arranged in the region of the connection point between the bases 672 of the respective first molding devices 670. The first temperature sensor 680 can be designed and operated to determine the temperature conditions during hot pressing only for a specific period of time or permanently during the production of the product. The first temperature sensor 680 is connected to the control unit 310 via corresponding wires. In a further embodiment, a wireless, bidirectional communication path can also exist between the temperature sensors 680, 681, 682 and the control unit 310. The required energy for operating the temperature sensors can be provided, for example, via an energy storage device, which is then connected to the respective temperature sensor. The control unit 310 can thus use the detected temperature values ​​to regulate the heating of the first and second mold parts 640, 690, as well as the cycle time of the hot pressing, in particular the duration and approach speed of the molding device 600.

[0169] exist Figure 3Another embodiment is shown in FIG, which has a second opening configured as a groove 658. The groove 658 is located in the contact area of ​​the molding device 670, which is used for the corresponding contact area of ​​the second molding device 694. When the hot pressing device 610 is in a closed state, the first molding device 670 and the second molding device 694 are located on mutually opposite surfaces of the contact area. A small second opening is then formed in the area of ​​the groove 658, through which a fluid connection to the first opening 678 is provided separately from the first interface. For example, ambient air can be sucked in during hot pressing via such a groove 658. In addition, another mixed gas or a gas can be brought into the cavity thereby. In a further embodiment, the second molding device 694 having a corresponding structure can also have a groove 658 or no groove 658. In a further embodiment, a plurality of grooves 658 can be designed to be distributed around the cavity.

[0170] Figure 4 Shown Figure 3 A first schematic cross-sectional view of the first tool component 640 is shown. Figure 4 646, the second channel 652, and the molding channel 648 are connected via a vertical channel section 653. The molding device 670 has an opening in its base 672, located opposite the channel section 653, so that a preform placed on the contact surface 676 can be automatically sucked in by applying a low pressure in the first channel 646. Furthermore, moisture released from the preform during hot pressing is drawn through the first opening 678 in the first contact surface 676 and discharged through the channel in the first tool body 642. This reduces the moisture content of the preform and allows the released moisture to be discharged.

[0171] exist Figure 4 , other temperature sensors for the middle molding device 670 are shown. These temperature sensors can be designed in all molding devices 670. In addition, multiple such sensors can be arranged around the corresponding position.

[0172] Thus, the molding device 670 has, for example, a second temperature sensor 681 in the edge region of the product to be manufactured. In addition, the molding device 670 has a third temperature sensor 682 in the bottom region of the product to be manufactured.

[0173] The temperature sensors 681 and 682 can be arranged directly on the surface of the contact surface 676. In a further embodiment, the temperature sensors 681 and 682 can be arranged below the surface of the contact surface 676. For example, these temperature sensors 681 and 682 are located 0.5 to 5 mm below the surface, so that on the one hand, these temperature sensors 681 and 682 do not affect the molding and hot pressing process due to their presence, and on the other hand, they still allow relatively accurate temperature detection.

[0174] In a further embodiment, the measuring tips of the temperature sensors 681, 682 can be accommodated in openings in the contact surface 676, wherein the structure and diameter of such openings essentially correspond to the first openings 678. In such an embodiment, it is important that moisture cannot be drawn in through the openings in which the measuring tips are located, and that there is no fluid connection to the first openings 678 for suction, so that the measuring tips or the corresponding temperature sensors cannot be cooled by the suctioned water vapor flow and the accompanying suctioned gas or mixed gas side flow.

[0175] In embodiments where temperature sensors 681 and 682 are not directly located on the surface of contact surface 676, prior to using temperature sensors 680, 681, and 682 during regular operation, the temperature below the surface of contact surface 676 is measured by temperature sensors 680, 681, and 682, and the surface temperature of contact surface 676 is measured by another, non-stationary measuring device. A difference is then calculated, taking into account cooling effects caused by moist preforms, etc., to determine the prevailing surface temperature. The temperature below the surface of contact surface 676 detected by temperature sensors 680, 681, and 682 is then stored in a memory as a reference value for the actual prevailing surface temperature. This memory is accessed by control unit 310 during operation of fiber forming machine 1000 to control and regulate its various units and workstations. Thus, by determining a reference value for the surface temperature, forming station 600 can be operated without having to locate a temperature sensor directly on, for example, the surface of contact surface 676. Thus, significantly simpler temperature sensors can be used, and the complexity of installing the temperature sensors 680, 681, 682 is reduced compared to arranging the temperature sensors 680, 681, 682 directly on the surface. For example, the temperature sensors 680, 681, 682 can be inserted into bores in the first molding device 670. After the temperature sensors 680, 681, 682 have been inserted, these bores can be sealed with a (high) temperature-resistant material with poor thermal conductivity.

[0176] In an embodiment in which the temperature sensors 680 , 681 , 682 are arranged directly on the surface of the first tool part 640 , the first molding device 670 may additionally have a (high) temperature-resistant coating that extends at least over the entire contact surface (first contact surface 676 ) of at least the first molding device 670 .

[0177] Figure 5 Shown Figure 3A second schematic cross-sectional view of the first tool component 640 is shown, with the section passing through the second channel 652. This view shows that, in this embodiment, the second channels 652 are parallel to one another and orthogonal to the first channel 646. In this embodiment, each second channel 652 has two connection areas with the first channel 646. In further embodiments, the number of first channels 646 and the connection areas can exceed two. In further embodiments, only one first channel 646 can be provided, so that each second channel 652 has only one connection area. In further embodiments, one or more first channels 646 and one or more second channels 652 can extend relative to each other in directions other than orthogonal. In further embodiments, the first channels 646 and the second channels 652 can be interwoven, with the channels 646 and 652 lying alternately in a plane parallel to the plate 644.

[0178] The structural design of the channels 646 and 652, in particular the number and orientation of the channels 646 and 652, is based on the volume of water vapor that must be discharged within a predeterminable time unit during the hot pressing process. To this end, the arrangement of the tool parts 640 and 690 is based on the maximum footprint of the available surface area provided by the plate 644 for the molding device. For example, the individual channels of the first molding device 670 can have a smaller diameter than the common channel section slightly in front of the connecting unit 650, because the volume of water vapor discharged per time unit is greater than the volume of water vapor in the individual channels of the first molding device 670. At least one common channel can have a diameter that increases continuously or gradually in sections. In addition, in further embodiments, the channels can also have corresponding radii and curvatures to achieve a convenient flow of water vapor.

[0179] exist Figures 3 to 5 In the embodiment of the tool body 642 shown, the first passage 646 has a larger diameter than the second passage 652, wherein the diameter of the second passage 652 is determined, in particular, based on the cross-section required to prevent the localized generation of large volumes of water vapor that could cause short-term blockage of the first passage 646. The diameters of the passages 646 and 652 are of maximum size so as not to cool the tool body 642 due to the intake of mixed gases or gases, which (especially when combined with the intake of ambient air) are generally at a lower temperature than the intake of water vapor and the tool body 642.

[0180] In the embodiment shown, the second tool part 690 also has a heating cartridge for regulating the temperature of the second tool body 692 and the second molding device 694 connected thereto. The second tool body 692 also has a device for extraction, wherein, in different embodiments, the water vapor that emerges is either not extracted during the hot pressing of the preform or the extraction of the water vapor that emerges is performed (in addition to the extraction of ambient air) in a manner similar to the embodiments and methods described for the first tool part 640. In another embodiment, extraction is usually performed after hot pressing through corresponding openings in the second mold body 692 and the second molding device 694 in order to hold the finished product in the second molding device 694 and to place it on the conveyor belt of the conveyor 800 after the second tool body 692 has been moved.

[0181] The construction of the second tool body 692 can generally differ from that of the first tool body 642 only in minor, insignificant differences. Thus, the second tool body 692 includes corresponding means for connecting to the second molding device 694. The second molding device 694 and the first molding device 670 have a matching construction so that, in the compressed state, cavities are formed between the first contact surface 676 of the first molding device 670 and the second contact surface 696 of the second molding device 694. These cavities are sealed when the first and second tool bodies 642, 692 are compressed against each other, so that no pulp or water vapor can escape except through the first opening 678 in the first contact surface 676. Since the water vapor is drawn in through the first interface, the flow direction of the water vapor is determined, thereby preventing the water vapor from escaping through the second opening.

[0182] In a further embodiment, the design of the first molding device 670 and the complementary design of the second molding device 694 can be reversed from the embodiment shown in the figures. In this case, the suction tool with the suction mold and the pre-pressing station 400 with the pre-pressing mold must also be adapted accordingly. Therefore, when the tool is repurposed for producing a different product, the suction tool, pre-pressing tool, and first and second molding devices 670 and 694 must be replaced.

[0183] In a further embodiment, the first and second tool bodies 642 and 692 can have integrated molding devices 670 and 694 , which are fixedly connected to the first tool body 644 or the second tool body 692 and are configured as inseparable components, for example.

[0184] As explained at the outset, when producing products made of fiber-containing materials, especially when the preform to be hot-pressed has a relatively high moisture content, the design of the hot-pressing process is difficult because different temperature levels may exist in the cavity formed between the first contact surface 676 and the second contact surface 696. Furthermore, different pressure conditions may lead to "clogging" and other problems mentioned at the outset.

[0185] The design of the first tool body 642 described herein has at least one additional second channel 652 or at least one second opening, through which the mixed gas or gas is sucked in together with the water vapor formed during hot pressing. This design provides another possibility for solving the problem mentioned at the beginning, because the temperature in the cavity is adjusted uniformly and sufficient volume can be provided for discharging the generated water vapor even if the locally generated water vapor reaches a peak in a short period of time.

[0186] By closing the hot press 610 in steps depending on the current moisture content of the preform, while the second tool part 690 is pressed against the first tool part 640 under force via the toggle press 630 or another pressure device, the amount of excess moisture released from the preform can be specifically controlled, allowing it to evaporate efficiently at the heated contact surface 676 of the first molding device 670 and the contact surface 696 of the second molding device 694. This process can be achieved by monitoring the surface temperature or a reference value for the surface temperature at the contact surfaces 676 and / or 696. This prevents an excessive drop in the surface temperature at the contact surfaces 676 and 696. To this end, the closing movement, in particular the closing speed—that is, the speed at which the second tool part 690 moves toward the first tool part 640—can be adjusted in steps. Therefore, instead of the toggle press 630, a linear press device can also be provided, which allows for precise, step-by-step movement of the second tool part 690. The closing movement and closing speed are regulated by the control unit 310.

[0187] The hot pressing process is carried out depending on the composition of the raw pulp and the moisture content of the preform (consisting of a filter cake made of fibrous material). For the hot pressing process described herein, the residual moisture content after pre-pressing is decisive. The residual moisture content in the upstream processing step using, for example, a silica gel pre-pressing body with applied air pressure is in the range of 50% to 70% by weight. Preferably, an attempt is made to keep the moisture content as low as possible during the pre-pressing process. During pre-pressing, the moisture content (water) can usually only be pressed out of the absorbed preform mechanically. Therefore, no evaporation occurs in this process.

[0188] The moisture stored in the preform exists on the one hand as water between the fibers, and on the other hand as water bound in the fibers. The former can be mechanically pressed out of the fiber weave, while the water bound in the fibers must be evaporated or gasified.

[0189] With known stock compositions, a specific residual moisture content in the preform can be achieved by specifying the suction time in the stock tank, the pressure during pre-pressing, and the pre-pressing duration. The residual moisture content can also be determined for a specific number of preforms using specified parameters. The preforms with the specified residual moisture content are then transferred or placed, for example, onto the lower tool half of the first tool part 640. For the preforms, the dimensional differences between the pre-pressing tool part and the hot pressing tool part due to different thermal expansion must be taken into account.

[0190] During transfer and transport to the hot pressing unit 610, the preform is actively sucked in and held in place via the first opening 678. Subsequently, the first tool part 640 and the second tool part 690 close until they reach a holding position just above the contact point between the second molding device 694 and the preform. To prevent incorrect adhesion to the contact surface 696, they may remain there for a while, or the closing speed may be reduced starting from this switching position. During the linear closing process, the closing force increases due to the mutual approach of the first tool part 640 and the second tool part 690, as well as the preform in between. Water between the fiber packs is thereby mechanically squeezed out and evaporates on the hot surfaces of the contact surfaces 676, 696 of the cavity. Depending on the topology of the product and the residual moisture content after pre-pressing, varying amounts of water are produced during the closing process.

[0191] As the excess water evaporates, it cyclically draws heat away from the surfaces of the contact surfaces 676, 696, causing the surface temperature of the cavity to drop dramatically. The excess water, through the energy input, is converted from its boiling point into water vapor. During this process, the two tool parts 640, 690 with the molding devices 670, 694 form a quasi-enclosed space, where the generated steam is systematically discharged through openings 678 and channels 646, 652 in the tool bodies 642, 692.

[0192] By controlled ventilation of the tool bodies 642, 692, rather than pure steam extraction, combined with controlled steam generation at a controlled closing speed, no clogging occurs and the hot pressing process itself can be more stable and balanced.

[0193] To reach the physical limits of the hot pressing process and thereby achieve the fastest possible cycle times, it is necessary to ensure the maximum possible utilization of thermal energy. The cycle period is optimal when the immediate surface temperature of the contact surfaces 676, 696 of the cavity drops to the typical boiling point of the liquid contained in the preform. This boiling point is 100°C at normal atmospheric pressure when ventilated with ambient air, without causing a significant pressure increase in the components of the hot press 610. Controlled closing of the hot press ensures that only as much water as can evaporate from the contact surfaces 676, 696 is removed from the preform without the surface temperature dropping below the boiling point of the removed liquid. This prevents excess water from cooling the surface temperature below the boiling point, which would otherwise prevent steam generation until the energy stored in the molding devices 670, 694 or the tool body 670 is broken through again, allowing the water to evaporate again. In this case, cycle time is wasted as long as the surface temperature drops below the boiling point. This is avoided by regulating the closing movement as a function of the surface temperature of the contact surfaces 676 , 696 .

[0194] Furthermore, it is possible to define typical closing speeds that are adapted not only to steam generation but also to optimal energy utilization. The scale of the relative closing speeds depending on the water volume can be [mm / (s ml)] and can vary within the e-3 range (e.g., 2*10 -3 [mm / s ml]). The maximum possible absolute closing speed depends on the material and topology of the preform, whereby large surfaces, which are exposed to a large amount of water in a short time, are traveled more slowly in terms of the absolute closing speed than inclined surfaces. Figure 7b In the embodiment shown, this means that the closing speed in the region of the bottom 3010 is slower than in the region of the side walls 3020 , since there less water comes out of the material of the preform per each stroke of the hot press.

[0195] In the illustrated hot press 610, the closing motion is adapted to the surface temperature of the contact surface 676, depending on the amount of water exiting. At the start of the hot press process, the contact surfaces 676, 696 must have a desired temperature, typically significantly above the boiling point of the exiting liquid or water. In this embodiment, the contact surfaces 676, 696 are heated to 280°C. This allows the liquid contained in the preform to evaporate immediately upon closing the hot press 610, as the surface temperatures of the contact surfaces 676 and 696 in the cavity are sufficiently hot. The closing speed is based on the near-surface energy content of the contact surfaces 676, 696 in the cavity. To determine the boiling point, a known value can be referenced, or the composition of the slurry can be monitored permanently or at fixed intervals, thereby determining the boiling point. The controller in the control unit 310 then detects the boiling point of the liquid and regulates the closing of the hot press 610 based on the measured surface temperature of the contact surfaces 676, 696. Only when the contact surfaces 676 , 696 are within the permissible temperature range, the hot pressing operation can be performed by relative displacement of the first tool part 640 and the second tool part 690 .

[0196] During the hot pressing process, after the second contact surface 696 comes into contact with the preform placed on the first contact surface 676 and is further displaced, water, particularly water bound to the fibers, begins to be pressed out and evaporated. For this released water to evaporate, at least the contact surface 676 must reach a correspondingly high temperature. The required temperature must be at least as high as the boiling point of the liquid.

[0197] The step-by-step closing of the hot press 610, while maintaining the holding position for a predeterminable period of time, can be permanently preset by the control unit 310. For this purpose, at least the surface temperature of the contact surface 676 is monitored, which is crucial for whether evaporation of the liquid can occur. For example, if the surface temperature of the contact surface 676 drops significantly, the closing speed must be reduced or temporarily stopped until an increase in the surface temperature is detected or no further decrease is detected.

[0198] Of course, such a method flow can be predetermined for a specific product type. The values ​​determined from one or more test runs are then stored in a memory for controlling the hot pressing process, which is accessed by the control unit 310 for controlling the hot pressing device 610. This can be monitored via a temperature sensor. If a significant deviation from the expected setpoint is detected, the control unit 310 can, for example, increase the cycle time or the hold time.

[0199] In a further embodiment, when closing the hot press 610, the second tool component 690 preferably has a linear stroke, wherein the displacement of the second tool component 690 can be directly controlled. This provides an advantageous solution for reaching the holding position and providing the closing force over a drive via a cam plate or the like.

[0200] When all settings are the same, the degree of temperature drop in the cavity remains unchanged relative to the starting temperature, which means that the higher the starting temperature, the faster the hot pressing device 610 closes, or more excess moisture will evaporate during the closing process.

[0201] The surface temperature of the cavity is essentially independent of the heat replenished by the heating cartridge 660, where the cycle reheating is provided by the thermal capacity of each cavity. Therefore, the cycle time, that is, the time required to hot press the preform into the finished product, depends primarily on the conductivity, shape and thermal capacity of the cavity, and thus can be substantially unaffected by adjusting the heating cartridge 660.

[0202] For this reason, in addition to providing a gas or a gas mixture (e.g., ambient air) to draw out the released water vapor and regulate the temperature and pressure in the equilibrium chamber, the closure of the chamber is also associated with the prevailing temperature on the surface of the first contact surface 676 and the second contact surface 696. Here, the boiling point of the slurry or the liquid to be evaporated is taken into account. Typically, water vapor is generated in the chamber during hot pressing. In a further embodiment, the temperature in all chambers can be adjusted to a substantially identical temperature level by inhaling a gas mixture or a side stream of gas during the hot pressing process. In addition, by inhaling a gas mixture or gas, a pressure balance is achieved in the channel and also in the chamber, which ultimately results in a substantially uniform temperature level being reached in all chambers.

[0203] Finally, the closing of the hot pressing device 610 is completed depending on the surface temperature at the contact surfaces 676 and 696, wherein the boiling point of the liquid contained in the preform and to be discharged by evaporation during the hot pressing process plays a decisive role in the closing speed. In addition, in a further embodiment, the prevailing pressure in the respective cavity can also be taken into account. In an embodiment connected to the surrounding environment for the intake of ambient air, the boiling point is about 100 ° C when the pressure is about 1 bar. In an embodiment without the intake of ambient air, for example, a higher low pressure (for example 0.5 to 0.9 bar) may prevail in the cavity during the hot pressing, so that when the surface temperature at the contact surfaces 676 and 696 is low, the liquid released by the extrusion can evaporate on the hot surface.

[0204] In a further embodiment, the process of closing the hot press 610 by relative displacement of the first tool part 640 and the second tool part 690 is not continuous but rather step-by-step. During this process, at least one holding position is provided, in which, after the liquid is pressed out of the preform, it evaporates on the hot surfaces of the contact surfaces 676 and 696. This results in cooling of the surfaces of the contact surfaces 676 and 696. While the second tool part 690 remains in this holding position, on the one hand, sufficient time is given for the pressed water to evaporate without causing blockage in the cavity due to the rapid approach speed, and on the other hand, the surfaces of the contact surfaces 676 and 696 can be at least partially reheated due to the thermal capacity of the molding device.

[0205] In further embodiments, multiple holding positions may be specified. The closing speed and the duration and number of holding positions may also be adjusted and varied during the hot pressing process based on detected values ​​(eg, temperature, etc.).

[0206] In a further embodiment, permanent measurement of the temperature at contact surfaces 676 and / or 696 can be omitted, for example, by using previously determined cycle times, holding positions, and closing speeds during hot pressing. Since the surface temperature at contact surfaces 676 and 696 depends primarily on the heat storage capacity and reheating of the materials used, the cycle time can be reduced, for example, by the pause time between two consecutive hot pressing processes. The extent of the cycle time reduction depends on the time span between two consecutive hot pressing processes.

[0207] Figure 6 A method 2000 of producing a product made of fiber material using the above-described components and the fiber forming machine 1000 is shown. In further embodiments, individual steps in the method 2000 may be omitted or performed in a different order while still achieving the objectives and advantages described herein.

[0208] In the first method step 2010, a stock solution having a fiber content of 0.5% to 10% by weight in the form of an aqueous solution is provided from the stock tank 200 of the fiber forming machine 1000 or from a separate fiber processing device. This stock solution is either already present in the stock tank 200 or is delivered to the stock tank 200 by the fiber forming machine 1000 via suitable ports and conduits. To this end, the control unit 310 can regulate the supply of stock solution from a remote fiber processing device based on the fill level of the stock tank 200.

[0209] In method step 2040, the composition of the raw slurry can be monitored continuously or at predeterminable intervals via suitable sensors, and the boiling point of the raw slurry can be determined from this information. This information is transmitted to the control unit 310, which stores it in a memory and / or uses it to adjust the closing speed of the hot press 610 and to determine the number and duration of holding positions of the hot press 610 when they approach each other. The information obtained can also be used to determine the residual moisture content at different process stations.

[0210] In method step 2012 , the hot pressing tool is heated, wherein not only the first tool body 642 and the molding device 670 arranged thereon, but also the second tool body 692 and the molding device 694 arranged thereon are uniformly heated via a temperature control device (eg a heating cartridge 660 ).

[0211] In method step 2042 , the surface temperature of the contact surfaces 676 and / or 696 can be measured continuously or at fixed intervals by the temperature sensors 680 , 681 , 682 , or a reference value can be measured, or the surface temperature can be determined by the control unit 310 during hot pressing based on a previously detected temperature curve.

[0212] In method step 2014 , the suction tool is immersed in the slurry depending on the product to be produced.

[0213] In method step 2016, the fiber material is then sucked from the raw pulp by the suction device 320, which is correspondingly controlled by the control unit 310. In addition, a valve in at least one supply line between the suction device 320 and the suction die of the suction tool can also be adjusted via the control unit 310.

[0214] In method step 2018 , after suctioning the fibers and moving the suction tool to the pre-pressing station 400 , pre-pressing of the fiber material is completed in the suction mold and the pre-pressing mold.

[0215] Subsequently, in method step 2020, the pre-pressed preform is brought by the robot 500 to the first molding device 670, which is arranged on the first tool body 642. For this purpose, the first tool body 641 is moved out of the molding station 600 in the manner described above. The pre-pressed preform is then placed on the first molding device 670, wherein the low pressure for retaining the preform is interrupted after placement. The preform is thus placed on the first contact surface 676 of the first molding device 670. The first tool body 642, together with the preform placed on the first molding device 670, is then moved back to the molding station 600.

[0216] In method step 2022, the hot pressing device 610, 696 is then closed based on the detected reference value, the measured temperature and / or the previously determined time and holding position, wherein the closing of the hot pressing device 610 is adjusted to the surface temperature of the contact surfaces 676, 696 based on the boiling point of the liquid contained in the preform.

[0217] In method step 2024, the liquid removed by the suction device 320 is sucked through the first opening 678, the second channel 652, and the first channel 646, and / or the water vapor formed by evaporation of the liquid removed at the hot contact surfaces 676 and 696. The suction operation is achieved during the pressing process by the controlled movement of the second tool part 690 in the manner described above.

[0218] In method step 2026 , during the extraction of water vapor, a mixed gas or gas (eg, ambient air) is sucked in via the second opening (eg, second channel 652 ), thereby achieving a uniform temperature balance in the chamber due to the pressure balance in the channel and the chamber.

[0219] In a further embodiment, in method step 2028, the opening of the valve 656 at the second channel 652 can be adjusted, wherein, based on the detected temperature, the valve 656 adjusts the amount of mixed gas or gas delivered or inhaled so as to achieve pressure balance in the cavity and achieve consistent temperature regulation.

[0220] Alternatively, the water vapor can also be “blown out” through the second opening by providing a secondary flow at a higher pressure, the water vapor being carried away in the process.

[0221] In method step 2030, after the preform has been hot-pressed, i.e., is present as a finished product with a moisture content of, for example, 5% by weight, the hot-pressing tool is opened by moving the second tool part 690 relative to the first tool part 640. Furthermore, after opening, the second tool body 692 is displaced in the manner described above via the guide rail system and corresponding drives, with the finished product remaining in the upper tool.

[0222] After the upper mold body 692 has been removed, the product is placed on the conveyor belt of the conveyor 800 in method step 2032 , wherein for this purpose the vacuum in the second molding device 694 is interrupted.

[0223] The above-described process is then repeated, wherein, in the process of continuously producing the product from the fiber material, the production is carried out in such a way that processing can be performed simultaneously at each work station.

[0224] like Figure 6As shown, the control unit 310 can, in the process of manufacturing a product made of fiber material, in each method step 2012, 2018, 2024, 2026 and 2030, deduce the current processing status based on the detected and / or determined temperature, and the prevailing pressure in the cavity, channel and, for example, the supply duct to the suction device 320, the weight of the preform and / or the finished product, and / or the electrical conductivity of the preform and / or the finished product, and accordingly influence and change the method steps in terms of duration, speed and, for example, temperature, in order to achieve the shortest possible cycle time during the hot pressing process without wasting resources and damaging the preform and / or the product.

[0225] Figure 7a , b show various views of a finished bowl 3000 made of a fibrous material produced using the manufacturing process described herein. Such a bowl 3000 has a residual moisture content of, for example, 1% to 7% by weight after hot pressing.

[0226] Figure 7a A perspective view of bowl 3000 is shown, Figure 7b A cross-section of a bowl 3000 is shown. The bowl 3000 has a bottom 3010 and a circumferential side wall 3020 extending from the bottom 3010. The side wall 3020 extends relatively steeply from the bottom 3011. At the upper end of the side wall 3020, a circumferential edge 3030 extends substantially parallel to the bottom 3010.

[0227] In the illustrated embodiment, the bowl 3000 has the same wall thickness everywhere at the bottom 3010, sidewalls 3020, and rim 3030. The wall thickness is determined by the cavity when the first contact surface 676 and the second contact surface 696 are at a minimum distance from each other during the hot pressing process.

[0228] Reference Signs List

[0229] 100 frames

[0230] 200 puree pool

[0231] 300 supply units

[0232] 310 control unit

[0233] 320 Suction device

[0234] 400 Pre-pressing Station

[0235] 500 robots

[0236] 600 molding stations

[0237] 602 movement direction

[0238] 610 hot pressing device

[0239] 620 base frame

[0240] 622 tool bench

[0241] Port 624

[0242] 626 guide rod

[0243] Tool bench above 628

[0244] 630 Knuckle Press

[0245] 632 support yoke

[0246] 640 First Tool Assembly

[0247] 642 first tool body

[0248] 644 boards

[0249] 646 First Channel

[0250] 648 molded channels

[0251] 650 connection units

[0252] 652 Second Channel

[0253] 653 channel section

[0254] 654 second interface

[0255] 656 valve

[0256] 658 slots

[0257] 660 heating cartridge

[0258] 662 screws

[0259] 670 molding device

[0260] 672 base

[0261] 674 mold

[0262] 676 first contact surface

[0263] 678 First Opening

[0264] 680 first temperature sensor

[0265] 681 Second Temperature Sensor

[0266] 682 third temperature sensor

[0267] 690 Second Tool Assembly

[0268] 692 Second tool body

[0269] 694 second molding device

[0270] 696 second contact surface

[0271] 700HMI Panel

[0272] 800 conveyor

[0273] 810 camera

[0274] 900 stacking device

[0275] 910 Grabber

[0276] 1000 fiber forming machine

[0277] 2000 Method

[0278] 2010 Methods and Steps

[0279] 2012 Methods and Steps

[0280] 2014 Methods and Steps

[0281] 2016 Methods and Steps

[0282] 2018 Methods and Steps

[0283] 2020 Methods and Steps

[0284] 2022 Methods and Steps

[0285] 2024 Methods and Steps

[0286] 2026 Methods and Steps

[0287] 2028 Method Steps

[0288] 2030 Methods and Steps

[0289] 2032 Method Steps

[0290] 2040 Method Steps

[0291] 2042 Method Steps

[0292] 3000 bowls

[0293] 3010 bottom

[0294] 3020 sidewall

[0295] 3030 Edge

Claims

1. A method for adjusting a hot press having a first tool part (640) and a second tool part (690) for hot pressing a preform made of a fiber-containing material, wherein: at least one of the first tool parts (640) has a first tool body (642) which has at least one first molding device (670) on at least one side, the first molding device (670) having a first contact surface (676) for the preform to be received on its surface, at least one of the second tool parts (690) has a second tool body (692), wherein the second tool body (692) has at least one second molding device (694) on at least one side, which is designed to be complementary to the at least one first molding device (670) and has a second contact surface (696) for the preform to be received on its surface, and - forming a cavity for the preform to be received between the first contact surface (676) and the second contact surface (696) during the hot pressing process, The following steps are involved: - detecting the surface temperature of at least one of said first molding devices (670), - placing at least one preform onto said first contact surface (676) of at least one said first molding device (670), - closing the hot pressing device (610) by moving the first tool part (640) and the second tool part (690) relative to each other, during which at least one of the preforms comes into contact with the second contact surface (696) of at least one of the second molding devices (694), and - pressing the first tool part (640) and the second tool part (690) until the first contact surface (676) and the second contact surface (696) form a closed cavity, in, - adjusting the closing speed of the hot pressing device (610) for closing to the surface temperature of the cavity according to the evaporation medium from the preform; wherein the time span during which the relative pressing of the first tool part (640) and the second tool part (690) lasts is determined according to the ascertained boiling point of the liquid contained in the fiber-containing material of at least one of the preforms and the detected surface temperature of at least one of the first molding devices (670).

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein At least one of the first tool bodies (642) and / or at least one of the second tool bodies (692) as well as at least one of the first molding devices (670) and / or at least one of the second molding devices (694) are heated via at least one first temperature control device.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein Before placing at least one of the preforms on the first contact surface (676), the relative displacement between the first tool part (640) and the second tool part (690) is interrupted, so that the first surface of at least one of the preforms is preheated to a preset degree when the first surface of at least one of the preforms reaches a first distance value from the first contact surface (676).

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein: Before placing the second contact surface (696) onto the second surface of at least one of the preforms, the relative displacement between the first tool part (640) and the second tool part (690) is interrupted, so that the second surface of at least one of the preforms reaches a second distance value from the second contact surface (696), and the second surface of at least one of the preforms is preheated to a preset degree.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: Before and / or during the hot pressing process, the surface temperature of at least one of the first molding devices (670) is detected by at least one temperature measuring device.

6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The closing of the hot pressing device (610) and the pressing of the first tool part (640) and the second tool part (690) against each other are performed in steps.

7. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: When the temperature difference between the boiling point of the liquid contained in the fiber-containing material of at least one of the preforms and the surface temperature of at least one of the first molding devices (670) reaches a temperature difference specified for a fixable interval, the relative movement of the first tool part (640) and the second tool part (690) is performed continuously at the interval.

8. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The closing speed is adapted as a function of the dwell time of the first tool part (640) and the second tool part (690) in the open state.

9. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The temperature in the region of the first contact surface (676) within at least one of the first molding devices (670) is measured and used to determine the surface temperature of the first contact surface (676) through calibration.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein: For the correction, a correction value or correction factor is determined beforehand by additionally measuring the surface temperature.

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