An impact-resistant gradient structure of a movable finger columnar piston imitating a gun shrimp and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses an anti-impact gradient structure of an imitation gun shrimp movable finger columnar plug and a preparation method thereof, and comprises an impacted part, a multilayer gradient impacted assembly, and a gradient column layer. The multilayer gradient impacted assembly is sequentially connected from top to bottom, and the uppermost gradient impacted assembly is connected with the impacted part. The gradient column layer comprises a plurality of anti-impact columns, and the uppermost anti-impact column is connected with the impacted part. A spacing part is connected to one side of the gradient column layer away from the impacted part. The height of the gradient column layer in at least two adjacent gradient impacted assemblies in a top-to-bottom direction increases layer by layer. The application solves the problem that current mechanical structures are difficult to buffer low energy and directly transmit energy to the interior, thereby causing damage to the interior although the structure is not damaged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of impact-resistant protective materials technology, and in particular to an impact-resistant gradient structure of a movable finger plunger inspired by a pistol shrimp and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of technologies in fields such as oil and gas transportation, transportation, and aerospace, components with load-bearing and protective functions have increasingly higher requirements for structural impact resistance. For example, the structural design of submarine pipeline bends, armor for individual soldiers, and battery casings for new energy electric vehicles all require strong structural impact resistance.

[0003] However, most existing impact-resistant structures are unable to achieve a rapid and uniform response to impact loads. When subjected to impact loads, existing impact-resistant structures are prone to local accumulation of impact loads, resulting in excessive local impact loads and damage to components, which seriously restricts the engineering application of impact-resistant materials.

[0004] Therefore, existing technologies still need improvement and development. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of this application is to provide an impact-resistant gradient structure for a movable finger plunger similar to a pistol shrimp and its preparation method, so as to solve the problem that the current impact-resistant structure is difficult to achieve a rapid homogenization response to impact loads, resulting in excessive local impact loads and damage to components.

[0006] The technical solution of this application is as follows:

[0007] An impact-resistant gradient structure for a movable finger plunger inspired by a pistol shrimp includes:

[0008] Impacted area;

[0009] The multi-layered gradient impact-receiving components are connected sequentially from top to bottom, with the topmost gradient impact-receiving component connected to the impact-receiving part.

[0010] Gradient-impacted components include:

[0011] Gradient column layer, which includes multiple impact-resistant columns, with the uppermost impact-resistant column connected to the impact-receiving part;

[0012] The spacer section is connected to the side of the gradient column layer away from the impacted part.

[0013] The height of the gradient column layers in at least two adjacent gradient impact components increases layer by layer from top to bottom.

[0014] Optionally, the impacted part includes a dense plate, wherein the width b and thickness h of the dense plate satisfy b > k0h and 5 ≤ k0 ≤ 50;

[0015] The width b and thickness h of the dense plate are based on Where F represents the external impact force, and l represents the spacing between the impact-resistant columns on the first floor. This represents the allowable stress of the material.

[0016] Optionally, along the top-to-bottom direction, the multi-layer gradient impact component includes at least a first layer of gradient impact component and a second layer of gradient impact component;

[0017] The first-layer gradient impact-resistant component has at least four first impact-resistant columns, and the at least four first impact-resistant columns are arranged in a rectangular arrangement with a spacing circle inscribed in the rectangle.

[0018] The relationship between the diameter φ1 of the first impact-resistant column in the first-layer gradient impact assembly and the width b of the dense plate is: φ1=b / k2, where k2 is an adjustment coefficient, 2<k2≤10, and k2∈R.

[0019] Optionally, the distance between the centers of two adjacent first impact-resistant columns along the width direction is greater than twice the diameter φ1 of the first impact-resistant column.

[0020] Optionally, the height of the first impact-resistant column in the first-layer gradient impact assembly is H1, and its relationship with the bending displacement w of the impacted part is: H1 = w / k1, where k1 is an adjustment coefficient, 1 < k1 ≤ 5 and k1 ∈ R, and the bending displacement is... Where F is the external impact force, l is the spacing between the first-floor impact-resistant columns, E is the elastic modulus of the material, b is the width of the dense plate, and h is the thickness of the dense plate.

[0021] Optionally, the upper end of the first impact-resistant column in the first-layer gradient impact-resistant assembly is provided with a wedge-shaped opening. The wedge-shaped opening is located inside the circle (spacing circle) formed by the centers of multiple first impact-resistant columns, and the inclination angle of the wedge-shaped opening is θ.

[0022] Optionally, the multiple impact-resistant columns in the second-layer gradient impact-resistant assembly include a second central impact-resistant column and a second outer impact-resistant column;

[0023] The second central impact-resistant column is located at the center of the connection to the spacer. The height of the second central impact-resistant column is k6 times the height of the first impact-resistant column in the first layer of gradient impact-receiving components, where K6 is an adjustment coefficient, 0 < k6 ≤ 7, and k6 ∈ R.

[0024] The second outer impact-resistant column is based on a diameter of The positions of the vertices of the inscribed hexagons in the circle are arranged, with K4 being an adjustment coefficient, where 0 < k4 ≤ 5 and k4 ∈ R;

[0025] The diameter of the second outer impact-resistant column is the same as the diameter of the second central impact-resistant column. The factor is k5, where K5 is the adjustment coefficient, 1 < k5 ≤ 12, and k5 ∈ R.

[0026] Optionally, the multi-layer gradient impact component further includes an Nth layer gradient impact component, where N is greater than or equal to 3;

[0027] The impact-resistant columns of the Nth layer gradient impact-resistant component include the third central impact-resistant column and the third outer impact-resistant column.

[0028] The height of the third central impact-resistant column is k7 times the height of the second central impact-resistant column of the second floor. K7 is an adjustment coefficient, where 1 < k7 ≤ 8 and k7 ∈ R.

[0029] The third outer impact-resistant column is based on the diameter of The vertices and center of the inscribed hexagon are arranged in a circular pattern.

[0030] Optionally, the spacer includes a spacer plate, the length L2 of which is the same as the length L of the impacted part, and the width b2 of which is the same as the width b of the impacted part.

[0031] The thickness of the spacer plate is h2 = h / k3, where k3 is an adjustment coefficient, 2 ≤ k3 < 7, and k3 ∈ R.

[0032] Optionally, the impact-receiving part and the multi-layer gradient impact-receiving component are integrally formed, and appropriate predetermined fillets are provided at the contact positions between the impact-resistant column and various plates. On the one hand, this increases the contact area, thereby increasing the surface adhesion and delaying the occurrence of delamination. On the other hand, it prevents the occurrence of local stress concentration.

[0033] On the other hand, this application also proposes a preparation method for preparing the impact-resistant gradient structure of the movable finger plunger of the pistol shrimp as described above. The preparation method includes the following steps:

[0034] The impact-resistant part and multi-layer gradient impact-resistant components were prepared by 3D printing to form an impact-resistant gradient structure sample.

[0035] The 3D-printed impact-resistant gradient structure sample was embedded with epoxy resin A and B, and then polished to form the finished impact-resistant gradient structure.

[0036] Beneficial Effects: Compared with existing technologies, the impact-resistant gradient structure and its fabrication method for a movable finger plunger resembling a pistol shrimp proposed in this application increase the energy dissipation of external loads globally and improve the structure's impact resistance in the vertical direction by synergistically bearing force through the impact-receiving part and the spacers in the multi-layered gradient impact-receiving components. On the one hand, as the thickness of the impact-receiving part increases, the compressive strength of the neutral layer facing the impact surface increases, while the tensile strength of the neutral layer away from the impact surface increases, thereby increasing the impact energy borne by the impact-receiving part. On the other hand, due to the stacked arrangement of the multi-layered gradient impact-receiving components, the deformation difficulty of the impact-receiving part is much greater than that of the spacers. Therefore, in the stage where the impact-receiving part does not undergo large deformation, the impact energy is transferred from the impact-receiving part to the spacers, which are more prone to deformation, through multiple impact-resistant pillars in the gradient pillar layer. This enables synergistic force bearing between structures, rather than relying solely on the binding force between material molecules, maximizing the homogenization of impact loads through the structure and effectively preventing stress concentration of impact loads in localized areas of the structure. Furthermore, the use of gradient column layers of varying heights enhances the material's inherent toughness at a physical level. When the impacted section is subjected to an external impact load, the impact energy is first homogenized across the entire structure by the shorter first gradient column layer. This homogenized energy is then dissipated again through the deformation of the subsequent gradient column layers. Secondly, the remaining energy continues to act on the impacted section. Because the first gradient column layer connects the impacted section to the spacer section and is relatively short, it deforms until the impacted section contacts the spacer section. This achieves the effect of dissipating energy through a combination of elastic and rigid treatment to resist the impact load, while also further extending the material's inherent toughness. Therefore, coordinated stress distribution between structural elements is achieved, maximizing the homogenization of the impact load and effectively preventing stress concentration in localized areas of the structure. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an impact-resistant gradient structure for a movable finger plunger resembling a pistol shrimp, according to an embodiment of this application.

[0038] Figure 2 This is a front view of an impact-resistant gradient structure for a movable finger plunger resembling a pistol shrimp, according to an embodiment of this application.

[0039] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of part A;

[0040] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the first layer of the impact-bearing component of an impact-resistant gradient structure for a movable finger plunger resembling a pistol shrimp, according to an embodiment of this application.

[0041] Figure 5This is a cross-sectional view of the second layer of the impact-bearing component of an impact-resistant gradient structure for a movable finger plunger resembling a pistol shrimp, according to an embodiment of this application.

[0042] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the Nth layer of the impact-resistant gradient component of an impact-resistant gradient structure for a movable finger plunger resembling a pistol shrimp, according to an embodiment of this application.

[0043] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the movable finger plunger of the first leg of the pistol shrimp under an electron microscope.

[0044] The labels in the diagram are as follows: 100, Impact-bearing section; 200, Gradient impact-bearing component; 201, Gradient column layer; 202, Spacing section; 210, First layer of gradient impact-bearing component; 211, First impact-resistant column; 212, Wedge-shaped opening; 220, Second layer of gradient impact-bearing component; 221, Second central impact-resistant column; 222, Second outer impact-resistant column; 230, Nth layer of gradient impact-bearing component; 231, Third central impact-resistant column; 232, Third outer impact-resistant column. Detailed Implementation

[0045] This application provides an impact-resistant gradient structure for a movable finger plunger resembling a pistol shrimp and its preparation method. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and effects of this application clearer and more explicit, the following describes the application in optional detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for explaining this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0046] In nature, the survival strategies that organisms evolve under the natural law of survival of the fittest can be referenced in engineering. For example, the pistol shrimp is a typical example of a small marine organism that can exert great impact force (e.g., Figure 7 As shown, the movable finger of the pistol shrimp's first step can coordinate with the immobile finger within 1 ms to launch a jet of up to 30 m / s, stunning or even killing nearby small fish, shrimp, and crabs. The violent impact between the movable finger plunger and the immobile finger sac forces the water out of the sac instantly, forming cavitation bubbles. These bubbles, under the influence of surrounding pressure, emit an explosive sound of 190-218 decibels in a very short time. Despite this brief but continuous process, the large claw remains undamaged, demonstrating its extremely strong impact resistance. Inspired by the unique structural functions of organisms, and combining the abstract processing of biomimetic microstructures using scanning electron microscopy images, the following embodiments are creatively proposed to achieve synergistic stress distribution in the overall structure of engineering materials, avoiding the problem of stress concentration.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] like Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, this embodiment proposes an impact-resistant gradient structure for a movable finger plunger resembling a pistol shrimp. This structure can be used to manufacture impact-sensitive components such as bends in submarine pipelines, armor for individual combat, and battery casings for new energy electric vehicles. The impact-resistant gradient structure of the movable finger plunger resembling a pistol shrimp mainly includes an impact-receiving part 100 and multiple layers of gradient impact-receiving components 200. For ease of structural description, the impact-resistant gradient structure of this movable finger plunger resembling a pistol shrimp is arranged vertically as an example. The impact-receiving part 100 is located at the top, and the multiple layers of gradient impact-receiving components 200 are connected sequentially from top to bottom. The topmost gradient impact-receiving component 200 is connected to the impact-receiving part 100, and the others are connected sequentially downwards from the top. Each layer of gradient impact-receiving component 200 includes a gradient pillar layer 201 and a spacer portion 202. The gradient pillar layer 201 includes multiple impact-resistant pillars, with the topmost impact-resistant pillar connected to the impact-receiving part 100, and the spacer portion 202 connected to the side of the gradient pillar layer 201 opposite to the impact-receiving part 100. In the specific structure, the multi-layer gradient impact-receiving components 200 are connected in the following manner: impact-resistant columns, spacers 202 connected below the impact-resistant columns, impact-resistant columns connected below the spacers 202, spacers 202 connected below the impact-resistant columns, and so on. The height of the gradient column layers 201 in at least two adjacent gradient impact-receiving components 200 increases progressively from top to bottom. Specifically, at least two layers of gradient impact-receiving components 200 are provided below the impact-receiving part 100. The height (distance along the vertical direction) of the impact-resistant columns in the first gradient column layer 201 located below the impact-receiving part 100 is smaller, while the height of the impact-resistant columns in the second gradient column layer 201 is larger.

[0049] In this embodiment, the synergistic force distribution between the impact-receiving section and the spacers in the multi-layered gradient impact-receiving assembly increases the energy dissipation of external loads across the entire structure, thereby improving the structure's vertical impact resistance. On one hand, as the thickness of the impact-receiving section increases, the compressive strength of the neutral layer facing the impact surface strengthens, while the tensile strength of the neutral layer away from the impact surface strengthens, thus increasing the impact energy borne by the impact-receiving section. On the other hand, due to the stacked arrangement of the multi-layered gradient impact-receiving assembly, the impact-receiving section is far more susceptible to deformation than the spacers. Therefore, in the stage where the impact-receiving section does not undergo significant deformation, the impact energy is transferred from the impact-receiving section to the spacers, which are more prone to deformation, through multiple impact-resistant columns in the gradient column layer. This enables synergistic force distribution between structural components, rather than solely relying on the intermolecular bonding forces of materials, maximizing the homogenization of impact loads through the structure and effectively preventing stress concentration in localized areas of the structure.

[0050] Furthermore, the height of the impact-resistant columns in at least two layers increases progressively, and the use of gradient column layers with varying heights enhances the material's inherent toughness at a physical level. When the impact-bearing part is subjected to an external impact load, the impact energy is first homogenized across the entire structure by the lower-height first gradient column layer, and then dissipated again through the deformation of the subsequent gradient column layers below. Secondly, the remaining energy continues to act on the impact-bearing part. Because the first gradient column layer connects the impact-bearing part to the spacer and is relatively short, it deforms until the impact-bearing part contacts the spacer, achieving an effect of first elastic then rigid treatment to resist impact energy, while also further extending the material's inherent toughness. Therefore, coordinated stress distribution between structures is achieved, maximizing the homogenization of impact loads through the structure and effectively preventing stress concentration in localized areas of the structure.

[0051] For ease of structural description, the impact-resistant gradient structure of this pistol shrimp-inspired movable finger plunger is a square structure with a preset thickness. Therefore, the vertical direction is taken as the thickness direction, the direction of the longer side of the square is taken as the length direction, and the direction of the shorter side of the square is taken as the width direction. The impact-resistant column extends along the length direction, which is the axial direction of the impact-resistant column.

[0052] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the impact-receiving part 100 includes a dense plate, which can be a square dense plate. The dense plate can be made of materials such as steel or polylactic acid, and deforms upon impact with its upper surface to cushion the impact. To improve impact resistance, the width b and thickness h of the dense plate in this embodiment satisfy b > k0 * h, where 5 ≤ k0 ≤ 50. The square dense plate formed using this width-to-thickness relationship exhibits good impact resistance and meets the impact resistance requirements.

[0053] In application, the width b and thickness h of the dense plate are adapted according to the preset impact force in the usage environment, specifically meeting the requirements. Where F represents the external impact force, and l represents the spacing between the first-floor impact-resistant columns (this spacing is the diameter of the spacing circle). This represents the allowable stress of the material. Meeting this condition ensures the dense board meets impact resistance requirements. It can enhance the compressive strength of the neutral layer of the dense board facing the impact surface and the tensile strength of the neutral layer away from the impact surface, thereby increasing the impact energy the dense board can withstand.

[0054] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4As shown, further, along the top-to-bottom direction, the multi-layer gradient impact-resistant assembly 200 includes at least a first-layer gradient impact-resistant assembly 210 and a second-layer gradient impact-resistant assembly 220. In the uppermost two layers of the multi-layer gradient impact-resistant assembly 200, the first-layer gradient impact-resistant assembly 210 has at least four first impact-resistant columns 211, which are arranged in a rectangular pattern inscribed in a spacing circle. The center of the spacing circle is the center of the dense plate (therefore, the spacing l between the first-layer impact-resistant columns is the length of the line connecting the midpoints of two diagonally opposite first impact-resistant columns, such as...). Figure 4 As shown), the first layer of gradient column 201 has four first impact-resistant columns 211 of equal height. The four first impact-resistant columns 211 of this layer are located at the four corners of the rectangle. The first impact-resistant columns 211 of the first layer can leave a deformation position in the middle of the impacted part 100, which is beneficial for the impacted part 100 to deform and buffer after being impacted.

[0055] Furthermore, the height of the first impact-resistant column is H1, and its relationship with the bending displacement w of the impacted part is: H1 = w / k1, where k1 is an adjustment coefficient, 1 < k1 ≤ 5 and k1 ∈ R, and the bending displacement is... Where F is the external impact force, l is the spacing between the first-floor impact-resistant columns, E is the elastic modulus of the material, b is the width of the dense plate, and h is the thickness of the dense plate.

[0056] By employing the aforementioned height of the first impact-resistant columns, the first impact-resistant columns in the first layer meet the strength requirements of compression member stability, allowing impact energy to be transferred from the impacted part to the more easily deformable spaced parts through multiple first impact-resistant columns in the gradient column layer, even before significant deformation occurs at the impact site. This enables coordinated force distribution between structures, rather than relying solely on intermolecular bonding forces, maximizing the homogenization of impact loads and effectively preventing stress concentration in localized areas of the structure.

[0057] Furthermore, the diameter φ1 of the first impact-resistant column and the width b of the impact-receiving part satisfy the relationship φ1 = b / k2, where k2 is an adjustment coefficient, 2 < k2 ≤ 10, and k2 ∈ R, where R is a real number. Using this structural dimension of the first impact-resistant column allows impact energy to be transferred from the impact-receiving part to the more easily deformable spacer part, thus achieving a better impact response.

[0058] Furthermore, the distance between the centers of two adjacent first impact-resistant columns along the width direction is greater than twice the diameter φ1 of the first impact-resistant column. This allows for a sufficient gap between the two first impact-resistant columns in the width direction, providing stable support for the impacted part while also providing enough space for the impacted part to deform after being impacted.

[0059] like Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, further, the upper end of the first impact-resistant column 211 in the first-layer gradient impact-resistant assembly 210 is provided with a wedge-shaped opening 212. The wedge-shaped opening 212 is located inside the circle (spacing circle) formed by the centers of the multiple first impact-resistant columns 211, and the opening direction of the wedge-shaped opening 212 faces the center of the circle formed by the centers of the multiple first impact-resistant columns 211. In a specific structure, an inclined surface is provided on the upper surface of the first impact-resistant column 211 in the first-layer gradient impact-resistant assembly, and a wedge-shaped opening 212 is formed between the inclined surface and the lower surface of the impact-receiving part. The angle between the inclined surface and the impact-receiving part is the inclination angle θ of the wedge-shaped opening, wherein the magnitude of the inclination angle should satisfy... When the central area of ​​the impact-bearing part deforms due to impact, it will create an inclination angle with the first impact-resistant column of the first layer. To avoid stress concentration caused by this, a wedge-shaped notch is provided on the first impact-resistant column of the first layer of the gradient impact-bearing assembly. This prevents stress concentration at the contact point between the first impact-resistant column of the first layer and the deformed impact-bearing part. This makes the structure more stable and less prone to excessive local stress that could damage the structure.

[0060] like Figure 1 , Figure 5 As shown, further, the impact columns in the second-layer gradient impact-receiving assembly 220 include a second central impact-resistant column 221 and a second outer impact-resistant column 222. The second central impact-resistant column 221 is located at the center of the spacer 202. The height of the second central impact-resistant column 221 is the same as the height of the second outer impact-resistant column 222. The height of the second central impact-resistant column 221 is k6 times the height of the first impact-resistant column 211 in the first-layer gradient impact-receiving assembly 210, where K6 is an adjustment coefficient, 0 < k6 ≤ 7, and k6 ∈ R (a real number). Since the height of the second central impact-resistant column 221 in the second layer is higher than the height of the first impact-resistant column 211 in the first layer, when the impact-receiving part 100 is subjected to an external impact load, the impact energy is first homogenized on the overall structure through the smaller height of the first impact-resistant column 211 in the first layer, and the homogenized energy is dissipated again through the deformation of the impact-resistant columns layer by layer below, thereby mitigating the impact. Moreover, the remaining energy continues to act on the impacted part 100. Since the first gradient column layer 201 is a structure connecting the impacted part 100 and the spacer 202 and has a small height, the first gradient column layer 201 deforms until the impacted part 100 and the spacer 202 come into contact, achieving a secondary reinforcement and mitigation effect against impact, and also further extending the toughness of the material itself.

[0061] The second outer impact-resistant column is based on a diameter of The vertices of the inscribed hexagons in the circle are arranged in a specific pattern, with the diameter of the second outer impact-resistant column being the same as the diameter of the central first impact-resistant column. The coefficients are multiplied by 1, where K4 is an adjustment coefficient (0 < k4 ≤ 5) and K5 is an adjustment coefficient (1 < k5 ≤ 12). This allows for full utilization of the energy absorbed during the elastic deformation stage of the material.

[0062] like Figure 1 , Figure 6 As shown, the multi-layer gradient impact assembly 200 further includes an Nth layer gradient impact assembly 230, where N is greater than or equal to 3. The impact-resistant gradient structure of the pistol shrimp-like movable finger plunger in this embodiment can be achieved by sequentially connecting N or more layers of gradient impact assemblies 200. The impact column of the Nth layer gradient impact assembly 230 includes a third central impact-resistant column 231 and a third outer impact-resistant column 232.

[0063] The height of the third central impact-resistant column 231 is k7 times the height of the second central impact-resistant column 221 of the second layer, where 1 < k7 ≤ 8, and k7 ∈ R (R is a real number). The third outer impact-resistant column 232 is based on a diameter of... The vertices and center of the inscribed hexagon in the circle are arranged in such a way that... Based on this design, the effect of alternating between elasticity and rigidity can be fully utilized. For medium and low energies, energy can be dissipated solely through elastic deformation, while for high energies, energy can be dissipated first through deformation and then combined with rigid collisions. This ensures that the internal structure is largely undamaged under medium and low energies.

[0064] Using the above structure, the structure below the second-layer gradient impact-bearing component is divided into a central region and a secondary central region. The central region is located at the exact center of the impact-bearing part, and the secondary central region is a complement to the central region. After the central region is impacted, the entire gradient column layer deforms. The deformation of the impact-bearing part and the contact between the deformed impact-bearing part and the spacer of the first layer diffuse the impact energy to the entire structure. After the non-central region is impacted, the impact is directly transmitted to the spacer and the lower layer through the gradient column layer in the width direction, thereby achieving stress homogenization.

[0065] Furthermore, the spacer 202 includes a spacer plate, the length L2 of which is the same as the length L of the impacted part, and the width b2 of which is the same as the width b of the impacted part.

[0066] The thickness of the spacer plate is h2 = h / k3, where k3 is an adjustment coefficient, 2 ≤ k3 < 7, and k3 ∈ R.

[0067] The purpose of using the aforementioned type of spacer is to achieve structural modularity, providing rapid and efficient repair space for equipment protection. Furthermore, the impact-bearing part 100 and the multi-layered gradient impact-bearing assembly 200 are integrally formed.

[0068] In this embodiment, the contact position between the impact-resistant column in each layer of the gradient impact assembly and the spacer connected to the upper side is set with an appropriate predetermined fillet. On the one hand, this is to increase the contact area, thereby increasing the surface adhesion and delaying the occurrence of delamination. On the other hand, it is to prevent the occurrence of local stress concentration.

[0069] This plan provides the following specific experimental examples:

[0070] Specific experimental example 1:

[0071] Allowable stress The length of the dense slab is L = 68 mm. The first impact-resistant column in the first-floor gradient column layer has a span of l = 50 mm (l refers to the column span and is also the diameter of the spacing circle) from the geometric center outwards. The concentrated load is F = 200 N. h=4mm, b=40mm (b=10h), H=W / k=1mm, E=2000Mpa, The diameter of the first impact-resistant column on the first floor is φ1 = b / k = 8mm, k = 5, and the spacing of the first impact-resistant columns along the width direction is greater than 2φ1. When the dense slab deforms under impact force, an end section rotation angle will occur. To avoid stress concentration, a wedge with an angle θ is cut off from the first-floor gradient column along its geometric center, thus creating an inclined angle. The inner chord of the intersection of the circle containing the span and the circle containing the gradient column is designed to maximize tensile stress on the uncut portion of the first-floor gradient column, thus fully utilizing the energy dissipation of the gradient column structure. The dimensions of the partition plate are 68mm x 40mm x 2mm (length x width x height).

[0072] In the second layer of gradient columns, the second central impact-resistant column, except for its height, has the same dimensions as the gradient columns in the first layer. The second outer impact-resistant column is arranged according to... The vertices of the inscribed hexagons in the circle are arranged in a specific pattern. The diameter of the second outer impact-resistant column is half the diameter of the second central impact-resistant column. The diameter of the second outer impact-resistant column is 4mm. The height of the second central impact-resistant column and the second outer impact-resistant column of the second layer is 3 times the height of the first impact-resistant column of the first layer, which is 3mm.

[0073] The third outermost impact-resistant columns of the third layer are distributed with a diameter of The difference between the circular, inner third outer impact-resistant column and the second outer impact-resistant column of the second layer lies in the presence of an additional third outer impact-resistant column at the center of the inner hexagon. The diameter of this third outer impact-resistant column is 4mm, and its height is 1.6 times that of the second outer impact-resistant column in the second layer, therefore, its height is 5mm. The structure and dimensions of each subsequent layer are completely identical to those of the third layer. Specific Implementation Example 2

[0075] Allowable stress The length of the dense slab is L = 800 mm, the span of the gradient column on the first floor outward from its geometric center is l = 650 mm, and the concentrated load is F = 10000 N. h=15mm, b=300mm (b=20h), H=W / k=3mm, E=200000Mpa, The diameter of the first impact-resistant column on the first floor is φ1 = b / k = 60mm, k = 5, and the spacing of the first impact-resistant columns along the width direction is greater than 2φ1. When the dense slab is subjected to impact force and deforms, an end section rotation angle will be generated. Considering cost-effectiveness, no cutting is performed. The dimensions of the partition plate are 800mm x 300mm x 7.5mm (length x width x height).

[0076] In the second layer of gradient columns, the second central impact-resistant column, except for its height, has the same dimensions as the gradient columns in the first layer. The second outer impact-resistant column is arranged according to... The vertices of the inscribed hexagons in the circle are arranged in a specific pattern. The diameter of the second outer impact-resistant column is half the diameter of the second central impact-resistant column. The diameter of the second outer impact-resistant column is 30mm. The height of the second central impact-resistant column and the second outer impact-resistant column of the second layer is 3 times the height of the first impact-resistant column of the first layer, which is 9mm.

[0077] The third outermost impact-resistant columns of the third layer are distributed with a diameter of The difference between the circular, inner third outer impact-resistant column and the second outer impact-resistant column of the second layer lies in the presence of an additional third outer impact-resistant column at the center of the inner hexagon. This third outer impact-resistant column has a diameter of 30mm, and its height is twice that of the second outer impact-resistant column of the second layer, resulting in a height of 18mm. The structure and dimensions of each subsequent layer are identical to those of the third layer.

[0078] Using the two specific parameter implementations described above, and conducting simulations respectively, and analyzing the simulation results, the following conclusions are drawn:

[0079] The thick upper panel increases strength and stiffness, making it the main impact-bearing part of the structure, subjected to tensile, compressive, shear, or bending stresses. The gradient columns in the middle, while ensuring no increase in overall structural weight, increase the overall rotational inertia, allowing the structure to effectively resist impact loads through deformation. Thus, when subjected to disturbances, the impact load is homogenized between the gradient column layer and the spacer layer, thereby maximizing the homogenization of impact loads and effectively preventing stress concentration in localized areas of the structure.

[0080] Example 2

[0081] Since the structure in Example 1 contains PLA, and to enhance its impact resistance in practical applications, this example provides a preparation method to prepare the impact-resistant gradient structure of the pistol shrimp-inspired movable finger plunger in Example 1. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0082] Step S100: Prepare the impact-receiving part and the multi-layer gradient impact-receiving component by 3D printing to form an impact-resistant gradient structure sample.

[0083] Step S100 specifically includes the following steps:

[0084] Step S110: Extract modeling data from the biological model, build a digital model using 3D modeling software, and export an STL file.

[0085] In the specific process, key modeling data were extracted from the biological model of the movable finger plunger of the pistol shrimp, and a digital model was established using SolidWorks 3D modeling software based on the principle of similarity.

[0086] Step S120: Open the STL format file using the slicing software of the 3D printer, set the matching printing parameters, and perform 3D printing. The impact-affected part and the multi-layered gradient impact-affected components are scaled down using the same scaling factor to leave sufficient space for the resin embedding in the next step. The printing parameters are set as shown in the table below:

[0087]

[0088] Step S200: The 3D-printed impact-resistant gradient structure sample is embedded with epoxy resins A and B, and then polished to form the finished impact-resistant gradient structure. The specific process of step S200 is as follows:

[0089] Step S210: Provide three plastic molds for molding the impact-bearing part, the impact-resistant column, and the spacer part, respectively.

[0090] The specific process is as follows: a semi-open plastic tubular shape is prefabricated, one is made into a rectangular groove shape, and one is made into a rectangular ring shape. Among them, the semi-open plastic tubular shape is used to form the gradient column, the rectangular groove shape is used to form the impact-resistant plate, and the rectangular ring shape is used to form the spacer plate.

[0091] Step S220: Weigh a predetermined amount of A-grade adhesive and pour it into the mixing tank, and weigh a predetermined amount of B-grade adhesive and pour it into the mixing tank.

[0092] In the specific process, 30g of A-grade adhesive is weighed using an electronic balance and poured into the mixing tank, and then 10g of B-grade adhesive is weighed and poured into the mixing tank.

[0093] Step S230: Stir the two colloids in the mixing tank for a predetermined time.

[0094] In the specific process, gently stir the two colloids in the mixing tank with a fine stirring rod for 3-5 minutes. If there are no obvious flocculent substances or stringy particles, it indicates that the AB glue is fully mixed in a 3:1 ratio. The purpose of gentle stirring is to avoid the formation of air bubbles.

[0095] Step S240: Pour the mixed colloid from the mixing tank into the long groove of the mold. The amount of mixed colloid poured in is 1 / 2 of the remaining amount after scaling.

[0096] In the specific process, the mixed colloid in the mixing tank is poured into the long groove of the plastic mold. The amount poured in is half of the remaining amount after scaling, and it is left to stand for 5-8 hours. The purpose of standing is to prevent the sample from moving in the unsolidified colloid due to gravity after being placed in it.

[0097] In step S250, after standing for a predetermined time, the 3D-printed impact-resistant gradient structure sample is placed into the semi-solidified resin, and then the remaining 1 / 2 of the mixed colloid is poured in, and the second predetermined time is waited for.

[0098] In the specific process, after 5-8 hours of settling, gently place the 3D printed sample into the semi-solidified resin, then pour in half the amount and wait another 5-8 hours. Fit each impact-resistant column with a tubular mold, pour in the colloid at the pre-set inlet of the mold, and wait 5-8 hours. Then, surround the spacer with a ring-shaped strip, leaving half the remaining amount after scaling on both sides, i.e., symmetrically place them. Next, rotate the entire assembly 90° on a low-speed horizontal rotating shaft and pour in more resin. After rotating for 5-8 hours, wrap one side of the resin-embedded column with a protective film and restore the assembly (rotating 90° counterclockwise). Repeat the previous step until the entire assembly is embedded, and the final embedding and drying time should exceed 24 hours.

[0099] Step S260: Grind off the excess resin adhesive to form an impact-resistant gradient structure.

[0100] In the specific process, after the above steps are completed, use a file to sand down the excess resin glue. If the internal requirements are strict, use 600-grit sandpaper for rough sanding, and then use 1000-grit to 2000-grit sandpaper to sand it down step by step.

[0101] In summary, the impact-resistant gradient structure of the pistol shrimp-inspired movable finger plunger proposed in this application can achieve synergistic force distribution between structures, rather than relying solely on the binding force between material molecules. It maximizes the homogenization of impact loads through the structure, effectively preventing stress concentration in localized areas. This solves the problem that current mechanical structures are unable to buffer low-to-medium energy, directly transferring energy to the interior, thus causing internal damage even without structural failure.

[0102] It should be understood that the application of this application is not limited to the examples above. Those skilled in the art can make improvements or modifications based on the above description, and all such improvements and modifications should fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. An impact-resistant gradient structure for a movable finger plunger resembling a pistol shrimp, characterized in that, include: Impact-receiving portion, said impact-receiving portion comprising a dense plate; A multi-layered gradient impact-receiving component, wherein the multiple gradient impact-receiving components are connected sequentially from top to bottom, and the uppermost gradient impact-receiving component is connected to the impact-receiving part; The gradient-impacted component includes: A gradient column layer, the gradient column layer comprising a plurality of impact-resistant columns, the uppermost impact-resistant column being connected to the impact-receiving part; A spacer portion, the spacer portion being connected to the side of the gradient column layer away from the impacted portion; The height of the gradient column layers in at least two adjacent gradient impact components increases layer by layer from top to bottom; Along the top-to-bottom direction, the multi-layer gradient impact component includes at least a first-layer gradient impact component and a second-layer gradient impact component; The first layer of gradient impact-resistant components has at least four first impact-resistant columns, and the at least four first impact-resistant columns are arranged in a rectangular arrangement with a spacing circle inscribed in the rectangle. The height of the first impact-resistant column is H1, and its relationship with the bending displacement w of the impacted part is: H1 = w / k1, where k1 is an adjustment coefficient, 1 < k1 ≤ 5 and k1 ∈ R, and the bending displacement is... Where F is the external impact force, l is the spacing between the first-floor impact-resistant columns, E is the elastic modulus of the material, b is the width of the dense plate, and h is the thickness of the dense plate; The plurality of impact-resistant columns in the second-layer gradient impact-resistant assembly include a second central impact-resistant column and a second outer impact-resistant column; The second central impact-resistant column is located at the exact center of the spacer. The height of the second central impact-resistant column is k6 times the height of the first impact-resistant column, where K6 is an adjustment coefficient, 0 < k6 ≤ 7, and k6 ∈ R. The width b and thickness h of the dense plate satisfy b > k0h, 5 ≤ k0 ≤ 50; The width b and thickness h of the dense plate are based on Where F represents the external impact force, and l represents the spacing between the first-floor impact-resistant columns. The relationship between the allowable stress of the material, the diameter φ1 of the first impact-resistant column, and the width b of the dense plate is: φ1=b / k2, where k2 is an adjustment coefficient, 2<k2≤10, and k2∈R; The distance between the centers of two adjacent first impact-resistant columns along the width direction is greater than twice the diameter φ1 of the first impact-resistant column; The upper end of the first impact-resistant column has a wedge-shaped opening, which is located inside the spacing circle, and the inclination angle of the wedge-shaped opening is [value missing]. ,in F represents the external impact force, l represents the spacing between the first-floor impact-resistant columns, E represents the elastic modulus of the material, b represents the width of the dense plate, and h represents the thickness of the dense plate.

2. The impact-resistant gradient structure of the movable finger plunger resembling a pistol shrimp according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second outer impact-resistant column is based on a diameter of The positions of the vertices of the inscribed hexagon are arranged in a circular pattern, where K4 is an adjustment coefficient, 0 < k4 ≤ 5, and k4 ∈ R; The diameter of the second outer impact-resistant column is the same as the diameter of the second central impact-resistant column. The factor is 1, where K5 is the adjustment coefficient, 1 < k5 ≤ 12, and k5 ∈ R.

3. The impact-resistant gradient structure of the movable finger plunger resembling a pistol shrimp according to claim 2, characterized in that, The multi-layer gradient impact component further includes an Nth gradient impact component, where N is greater than or equal to 3; The plurality of impact-resistant columns of the Nth layer gradient impact-receiving component include a third central impact-resistant column and a third outer impact-resistant column; The height of the third central impact-resistant column is k7 times the height of the second central impact-resistant column of the second layer, where K7 is an adjustment coefficient, 1 < k7 ≤ 8, and k7 ∈ R; The third outer impact-resistant column is defined by a diameter of The vertices and center of the inscribed hexagon are arranged in a circular pattern.

4. The impact-resistant gradient structure of the movable finger plunger resembling a pistol shrimp according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The spacer includes a spacer plate, the length L2 of which is the same as the length L of the impacted part, and the width b2 of which is the same as the width b of the impacted part. The thickness of the spacer plate is h2 = h / k3, where k3 is an adjustment coefficient, 2 ≤ k3 < 7, and k3 ∈ R.

5. A preparation method, characterized in that, The method for preparing the impact-resistant gradient structure for the movable finger plunger resembling a pike shrimp as described in any one of claims 1-4 includes the following steps: The impact-resistant part and multi-layer gradient impact-resistant components were prepared by 3D printing to form an impact-resistant gradient structure sample. The 3D-printed impact-resistant gradient structure sample was embedded with epoxy resin A and B, and then polished to form the finished impact-resistant gradient structure.

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