A disc brake with automatic adjustment of the braking gap

Abstract

The application discloses a disc brake capable of automatically adjusting a brake gap, and relates to the technical field of disc brakes.The disc brake comprises a brake disc, caliper body bases located on both sides of the brake disc, a piston installed in the caliper body bases, one end of the piston being driven by a hydraulic cylinder, the other end of the piston being connected with a friction block fixing plate used for fixing friction blocks, wherein the hydraulic cylinder can drive the piston to make the friction blocks press the brake disc; at least one gap adjusting assembly is arranged in the caliper body base, the gap adjusting assembly comprises a fixed seat fixed with the caliper body base, a push rod inserted in the fixed seat, the front end of the push rod being in contact with the friction block fixing plate, and the rear end of the push rod being capable of abutting against the piston; a limiting mechanism matched with the push rod is further arranged in the fixed seat, and the limiting mechanism can block the push rod from returning backward whenever the push rod moves forward by more than a predetermined distance, so that the brake gap is limited within a predetermined range.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of disc brake, in particular to a disc brake capable of automatically adjusting brake clearance. BACKGROUND

[0002] The disc brake is a kind of brake, and its rotating element is a metal disc working on the end face, which is called brake disc. The brake process is realized by clamping the brake disc through the friction block during braking.

[0003] During the braking process, the brake disc is pushed forward by the brake disc moving forward in the state of fast rotation of the wheel, which causes the displacement of the friction plate. When the friction plate is continuously offset forward or backward, the thickness of the two ends of the friction plate changes, which further causes the original piston movement distance to be insufficient to make the friction plate close to the brake disc to achieve efficient braking effect. Therefore, in order to ensure the braking effect of the brake, the size of the brake clearance needs to be adjusted when the friction block is worn to a certain extent. In the hydraulic disc brake, the automatic adjustment of the brake clearance is usually realized by the elastic deformation of the rectangular sealing ring. When the brake clearance becomes larger, the relative displacement between the brake rear piston and the sealing ring is generated, and the excess clearance is compensated by using the relative displacement.

[0004] The inventor finds that the prior art has at least the following defects: since the automatic adjustment of the brake clearance is usually realized by the elastic deformation of the rectangular sealing ring, the quality of the rectangular sealing ring has a great influence on the adjustment, the adjustment accuracy of this form is uncontrollable, and the stability is poor. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application provides a disc brake capable of automatically adjusting brake clearance, so as to solve the technical problems of uncontrollable adjustment accuracy and poor stability in the process of adjusting the brake clearance of the disc brake in the prior art.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present application adopts the following technical scheme: a disc brake capable of automatically adjusting brake clearance, comprising a brake disc and a caliper body base located on both sides of the brake disc, a piston is installed in the caliper body base, one end of the piston is driven by a hydraulic cylinder, the other end of the piston is connected with a friction block fixing plate for fixing the friction block, wherein the hydraulic cylinder can drive the piston to press the friction block against the brake disc; at least one clearance adjusting assembly is arranged in the caliper body base, the clearance adjusting assembly comprises a fixed seat fixed with the caliper body base, a push rod is inserted into the fixed seat, the front end of the push rod is in contact with the friction block fixing plate, and the rear end of the push rod can abut against the piston; a limiting mechanism cooperating with the push rod is further arranged in the fixed seat, and the limiting mechanism can block the push rod from returning backward when the push rod moves forward beyond a predetermined distance.

[0007] Since the outer periphery of the fixed seat is fixed with the jaw base, the push rod is inserted into the fixed seat and can be abutted by the fixed seat from one direction, so that the push rod can limit the retraction of the friction block fixing plate after the brake gap is adjusted. In addition, whenever the push rod moves forward by a predetermined distance, the push rod can be abutted by the limiting mechanism of the fixed seat from one direction, so that the adjustment accuracy is controllable and has strong stability.

[0008] Further, the limiting mechanism further comprises a trapezoidal stopper which is telescopically installed in the fixed seat through an adjusting spring; the outer side of the push rod is provided with a triangular stopper, one side of the triangular stopper can extrude one side of the trapezoidal stopper and make it shrink, and the other side of the triangular stopper can be abutted by the trapezoidal stopper; thus, a clamping opening is formed by the triangular stopper and the trapezoidal stopper, so that the gap adjusting assembly can produce a non-recoverable relative displacement in the fixed seat, and then compensate the brake gap between the friction block and the brake disc.

[0009] Further, two rows of trapezoidal stoppers are arranged in the gap adjusting assembly, and the two rows of trapezoidal stoppers are staggered; correspondingly, triangular stoppers are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the push rod; thus, more trapezoidal stoppers can be arranged in the fixed block, and the minimum unit distance of brake gap compensation is reduced.

[0010] Further, two gap adjusting assemblies are arranged in each jaw base, and the two gap adjusting assemblies are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the piston.

[0011] Further, the jaw base and the friction block fixing plate are connected through a return spring in a stretched state, and the outer periphery of the jaw base is further provided with an elastic sealing ring which is in contact with the friction block fixing plate; after braking, the return spring can pull the friction block fixing plate to reset, and the elastic sealing ring plays a role of sealing the gap between the jaw base and the friction block fixing plate.

[0012] Further, the inner part of one end of the piston is provided with a cavity, the lower part of the cavity is used for accommodating the telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder, and the upper part of the cavity is provided with a gasket spring and a compensation gasket, and the compensation gasket can fall into the lower part of the cavity; after the brake gap is adjusted, there is a gap between the telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder and the cavity of the piston in the axial direction, and since the compensation gasket in the upper part of the cavity can fall into the lower part of the cavity, the brake stroke of the hydraulic cylinder is reduced, and the reliability and response speed of braking are ensured.

[0013] Further, the thickness of the compensation gasket is the same as the width of the trapezoidal stopper; thus, after the brake gap is adjusted, the gap in the cavity of the piston is consistent with the thickness of the compensation gasket, so that the adjustment accuracy can be ensured.

[0014] Further, the outer periphery of the piston has a disc-shaped push plate, and the distance between the disc-shaped push plate and the rear end of the push rod is consistent with the size of the brake gap in the initial state, so that when the movement distance of the piston exceeds the brake gap in the standard state, the disc-shaped push plate can push the push rod to move forward.

[0015] The above technical solution can achieve at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0016] Since the outer periphery of the fixed seat is fixed with the clamp body base, the push rod is inserted in the fixed seat and can be abutted by the fixed seat from one direction, so that after the brake gap is adjusted, the push rod can limit the retraction of the piston and the friction block fixing plate. Moreover, the push rod is abutted by the fixed seat from one direction after moving a certain distance, so that the controllability of the adjustment accuracy can be achieved, and the stability is strong. In addition, the return spring can pull the friction block fixing plate to reset, and the elastic sealing ring plays a role in sealing the gap between the clamp body base and the friction block fixing plate. The compensation gasket at the upper part of the cavity can fall into the lower part of the cavity, so as to reduce the brake stroke of the hydraulic cylinder, and further ensure the reliability and response speed of the brake. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, the drawings required to be used in the description will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor:

[0018] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the whole application;

[0019] Figure 2 It is a sectional view of the specific embodiment of the present application;

[0020] Figure 3 It is Figure 2 It is a local enlarged view of A in the middle;

[0021] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the gap adjusting assembly in the present application.

[0022] The drawings are as follows: 1, hydraulic cylinder, 2, clamp body base, 3, gap adjusting assembly, 301, fixed seat, 302, trapezoidal stop block, 303, adjusting spring, 304, push rod, 4, brake disc, 5, elastic sealing ring, 6, piston, 7, friction block fixing plate, 8, friction block, 9, return spring, 10, compensation gasket, 11, gasket spring, a, thickness of trapezoidal stop block, b, distance of staggered upper and lower two rows of trapezoidal stop blocks, c, distance between trapezoidal stop blocks on the same side, d, distance from disc-shaped push plate to push rod, e, brake gap in the initial state. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present patent, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present patent.

[0024] The present application discloses a disc brake capable of automatically adjusting the brake gap, as shown in the accompanying drawings, Figures 1-2 which comprises a brake disc 4 and caliper bases 2 located on both sides of the brake disc 4, the caliper bases 2 are installed with a piston 6, one end of the piston 6 is driven by a hydraulic cylinder 1, and the other end of the piston 6 is connected with a friction block fixing plate 7 for fixing a friction block 8, wherein the hydraulic cylinder 1 can drive the piston 6 to make the friction block 8 press the brake disc 4, so as to realize braking. In one example, the present application is in a non-braking state, the brake gap between the friction block 8 and the brake disc 4 is e, at this time, the brake gap is appropriate in size, and the braking effect is good. The braking process of the brake is as follows: the hydraulic cylinder 1 extends and pushes the piston 6 and the friction block fixing plate 7 to move, so that the friction block 8 clamps the brake disc 4, and braking is realized. When the braking is finished, the hydraulic cylinder 1 stops working, and the piston 6, the friction block fixing plate 7 and the friction block 8 return to the original positions.

[0025] The gap adjusting assembly is further arranged in the caliper base. According to an embodiment of the present application, at least one gap adjusting assembly 3 is arranged in the caliper base 2, the gap adjusting assembly 3 comprises a fixed seat 301 fixed with the caliper base, a push rod 304 is inserted into the fixed seat 301, the front end of the push rod 304 is in contact with the friction block fixing plate 7, and the rear end of the push rod 304 can abut against the piston; a limiting mechanism cooperating with the push rod 304 is further arranged in the fixed seat 301, and the limiting mechanism can block the push rod 304 from returning backward whenever the push rod 304 moves forward by more than a predetermined distance.

[0026] Specifically, in the use process of the brake disc 4, the brake gap will become larger with the increase of the braking times. When the brake gap becomes larger due to the wear of the friction block 8 but has little effect on the braking effect, the braking process of the brake is as follows: the hydraulic cylinder 1 drives the piston 6 and the moving plate to move, the outer periphery of the piston 6 will push the push rod 304 to move a certain distance towards the brake disc 4, but the distance is not enough for the push rod 304 to be blocked by the fixed seat 301. When the braking is finished, the hydraulic cylinder 1 stops working, and the piston 6, the friction block fixing plate 7 and the friction block 8 return to the original positions.

[0027] When the brake gap is increased to a certain extent due to the wear of the friction block 8, the brake effect will be affected. At this time, the brake process of the brake is as follows: the hydraulic cylinder 1 drives the piston 6 and the friction block fixing plate 7 to move, the outer periphery of the piston 6 pushes the push rod 304 to move towards the brake disc 4, and the push rod 304 is resisted from the rear by the limiting mechanism of the fixed seat 301. Since the front end of the push rod 304 is in contact with the friction block fixing plate 7, after the brake is finished, the friction block fixing plate 7 and the friction block 8 cannot return to the original position, thereby reducing the friction gap. It should be understood that, as shown in

[0028] Preferably, the outer periphery of the piston 6 has a disc-shaped push plate, and the distance between the disc-shaped push plate and the rear end of the push rod 304 is consistent with the size of the standard brake gap in the initial state. As shown in Figure 2 , it is assumed that the distance between the disc-shaped push plate and the push rod is d, and in the initial state, d is consistent with the size of e. When the piston extends by a distance of d, the brake can be achieved, and the disc-shaped push plate does not contact the rear end of the push rod.

[0029] Preferably, as shown in Figure 3 , the limiting mechanism of the gap adjusting assembly 3 includes a trapezoidal stopper 302, which is telescopically installed in the fixed seat 301 through an adjusting spring 303. The outer side of the push rod 304 is provided with a triangular stopper, one side of which can extrude one side of the trapezoidal stopper 302 and make it shrink, and the other side of the triangular stopper can be resisted by the trapezoidal stopper 302. Thus, only when the push rod moves forward by a distance greater than the thickness of the trapezoidal stopper, the triangular stopper can be resisted by the trapezoidal stopper. It is assumed that the thickness of the trapezoidal stopper is a, and each time the thickness of the friction block 8 exceeds a, the distance by which the piston 1 extends forward is greater than e+a or d+a, and the distance by which the push rod 304 moves forward is greater than a. At this time, the triangular stopper can be resisted by the trapezoidal stopper.

[0030] Specifically, the gap adjusting assembly 3 is provided with two rows of trapezoidal stoppers 302 arranged alternately; correspondingly, the upper and lower sides of the push rod 304 are provided with triangular stoppers. During the return process of the push rod 304 after the brake is finished, the gap triangular stopper on the upper side or the lower side of the push rod 304 can be stopped by the trapezoidal stopper 302, so that in the same arrangement space of the trapezoidal stopper 302, the minimum unit distance of brake gap compensation is reduced. It should be understood that, as shown in Figure 4 , it is assumed that the distance between the two rows of trapezoidal stoppers 302 is b, and the distance between the trapezoidal stoppers on the same side is c. It can be ensured that the adjustment accuracy of the gap adjusting assembly 3 is consistent with the size of a, b and c.

[0031] More specifically, as shown in Figure 1As shown, two gap adjusting assemblies 3 are arranged in the caliper base 2, and the two gap adjusting assemblies 3 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the piston 6. According to other embodiments of the present application, more gap adjusting assemblies 3 can also be arranged in each caliper base 2.

[0032] In the actual working process of the present application, since the caliper base 2 is fixed, the working principle is that the telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder 1 pushes the piston 6 to move relative to the caliper base, so as to clamp the brake disc 4 and realize braking. In order to ensure that the friction block 8 does not continue to contact the brake disc 4 after braking, the caliper base 2 and the friction block fixing plate 7 are further connected through the return spring 9, and the return spring 9 is always in tension. Thus, when the hydraulic cylinder 1 stops working after braking, the return spring 9 can pull the friction block 8, the friction block fixing plate 7 and the piston 6 to move away from the brake disc 4. In addition, the outer periphery of the caliper base is also provided with an elastic sealing ring 5, which is in contact with the friction block fixing plate 7. Thus, in the braking process of the present application, the elastic sealing ring 5 can play a role in sealing the gap between the caliper base 2 and the friction block fixing plate 7.

[0033] Preferably, the inside of one end of the piston 6 is provided with a cavity extending in the axial direction of the piston 6, the lower part of the cavity is used to accommodate the telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder 1, and the upper part of the cavity is provided with a gasket spring 11 and a compensation gasket 10. Among them, the front end of the telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder 1 can be in contact with the piston in the axial direction but not connected, and the piston 6 and the friction block fixing plate 7 are connected together, so that when the push plate is stopped by the fixed seat 301 in the caliper base, the telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder 1 and the piston 6 can be separated. It should be understood that the compensation gasket 10 should have high hardness and smooth surface, so that when the telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder 1 and the piston 6 are separated, the compensation gasket 10 can fall in the lower part of the cavity under the action of gravity. Specifically, the thickness of the compensation gasket 10 can be the same as the width of the trapezoidal block 302, so that the gap generated by the telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder 1 returning to the cavity of the piston 6 after adjusting the braking gap is consistent with the thickness of the compensation gasket 10.

[0034] The working principle of the present application is as follows:

[0035] In the initial state, the braking size between the friction block 8 and the brake disc 4 is e, at this time the braking gap size is appropriate, and the braking effect is good. The braking process of the present application is that the telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder 1 pushes the piston 6 and the friction block fixing plate 7 to move, the friction block 8 clamps the brake disc 4, and braking is realized. When the braking is finished, the hydraulic cylinder 1 stops working, the return spring 9 drives the friction block fixing plate 7 and the piston 6 to return to the original position, and the gap adjusting assembly 3 and the compensation gasket do not participate in the braking process.

[0036] When the brake gap becomes larger due to the wear of the friction block, but the brake is not affected (i.e. the wear thickness of the friction block 8 is less than a), the brake process of the present application is as follows: the telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder 1 drives the piston 6 and the friction block fixing plate 7 to move, the disc-shaped push plate on the piston 6 drives the push rod 304 of the gap adjusting assembly 3 to move towards the brake disc, but the moving distance is less than d+a, the trapezoidal block 302 in the gap adjusting assembly cannot push the triangular block from the back, then the friction block 8 clamps the brake disc 4 to realize braking. When the braking is over, the hydraulic cylinder 1 stops working, the return spring 9 drives the friction block fixing plate 7 to return to the original position, and the push rod 304 of the gap adjusting assembly 3 is pushed to reset by the friction block fixing plate 7.

[0037] When the brake gap becomes larger due to the wear of the friction block 8, and the brake is affected (i.e. the wear thickness of the friction block 8 is greater than a), the brake process of the present application is as follows: the telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder 1 drives the piston 6 and the friction block fixing plate 7 to move, the disc-shaped push plate on the piston 6 drives the push rod 304 to move towards the brake disc 4, at this time the moving distance is greater than d+a, the trapezoidal block 302 is pushed out again under the action of the adjusting spring 303, then the friction block 8 clamps the brake disc 4 to realize braking. When the braking is over, the hydraulic cylinder 1 stops working, the return spring 9 drives the friction block fixing plate 7 and the piston 6 to move back, but the triangular block is pushed by the trapezoidal block, the friction block fixing plate 7 and the piston 6 both move towards the brake disc 4 by a distance a, and the telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder returns to the original position. At this time, the gap between the front end of the telescopic rod and the piston 6 is a, the compensation gasket falls into the gap under the action of gravity, so that the generated gap is compensated, so that the brake gap is reduced to the appropriate distance at the next braking, and the displacement of the hydraulic cylinder is not increased.

[0038] In the description of the present application, the term "front" refers to the direction towards the brake disc, and the term "back" refers to the direction away from the brake disc. In addition, the terms "connected" and "connected" in the present application should be understood broadly, for example, it can be connected, or it can be detachable connection; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate part, and the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific circumstances for those skilled in the art.

[0039] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A disc brake with automatic adjustment of brake clearance, comprising a brake disc (4) and caliper bases (2) located on both sides of the brake disc (4), wherein a piston (6) is installed in the caliper base (2), one end of the piston (6) is driven by a hydraulic cylinder (1), and the other end of the piston (6) is connected to a friction block fixing plate (7) for fixing a friction block (8), wherein the hydraulic cylinder (1) can drive the piston (6) to cause the friction block (8) to press against the brake disc (4). characterized in that At least one gap adjustment component (3) is provided in the clamp base (2). The gap adjustment component (3) includes a fixed seat (301) fixed to the clamp base. A push rod (304) is inserted in the fixed seat (301). The front end of the push rod (304) contacts the friction block fixing plate (7), and the rear end of the push rod (304) can abut against the piston. A limiting mechanism that cooperates with the push rod (304) is also provided in the fixed seat (301). Whenever the push rod (304) moves forward beyond a predetermined distance, the limiting mechanism can prevent the push rod (304) from returning to its original position.

2. A disc brake with self-adjusting brake clearance according to claim 1, characterized in that The limiting mechanism includes a trapezoidal stop (302), which is telescopically mounted in the fixed seat (301) by an adjusting spring (303); a triangular stop is provided on the outside of the push rod (304), one side of the triangular stop can squeeze one side of the trapezoidal stop (302) and cause it to retract, and the other side of the triangular stop can be held against by the trapezoidal stop (302).

3. A disc brake with self-adjusting brake clearance according to claim 2, characterized in that The gap adjustment assembly (3) is provided with two rows of trapezoidal blocks (302) arranged alternately; correspondingly, the push rod (304) is provided with triangular blocks on both the upper and lower sides.

4. A disc brake with self-adjusting brake clearance according to claim 3, characterized in that Each clamp base (2) is provided with two gap adjustment components (3), which are symmetrically located on both sides of the piston (6).

5. A disc brake with self-adjusting brake gap according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that The clamp base (2) is connected to the friction block fixing plate (7) by a return spring (9) in a stretched state. The outer periphery of the clamp base (2) is also provided with an elastic sealing ring (5), which contacts the friction block fixing plate (7).

6. A disc brake with self-adjusting brake clearance according to claim 5, characterized in that The piston (6) has a cavity at one end. The lower part of the cavity is used to accommodate the telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder (1). The upper part of the cavity is equipped with a washer spring (11) and a compensation washer (10). The compensation washer (10) can fall into the lower part of the cavity.

7. A disc brake with self-adjusting brake clearance according to claim 6, characterized in that The thickness of the compensation shim (10) is the same as the width of the trapezoidal stop (302).

8. A disc brake with self-adjusting brake clearance according to claim 1, characterized in that The piston (6) has a disc-shaped push plate on its outer periphery. The distance between the disc-shaped push plate and the rear end of the push rod (304) is the same as the size of the standard braking clearance in the initial state.

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