Lightweight ceramic composite armor and its preparation method

Abstract

This invention discloses a lightweight ceramic composite armor and its preparation method. The armor is integrally molded from a pre-formed lightweight ceramic composite protective armor structure under triaxial pre-compression stress. The encasing layer completely encloses the main ballistic structure, and a damping layer is set in the encasing layer. The pre-formed lightweight ceramic composite protective armor structure includes a main ballistic structure, an encasing layer, and a damping layer. The main ballistic structure includes a ceramic panel, a first adhesive layer, a carbon fiber layer, a second adhesive layer, and an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer arranged sequentially. By using spliced ​​ceramics as the panel and combining two composite materials as the backing plate, and adding a damping layer, the synergy of the impact response between the various layers of the armor is improved. After applying compressive stress constraint to the overall armor through a high-strength fiber encasing layer, segmented molds, steel strips, and molding processes, the armor is co-cured, which limits cracking, delamination, and disintegration between the various layers of the armor, thereby improving the ballistic performance of the composite armor.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a kind of light ceramic composite armor and its preparation method, belong to composite armor protection technical field. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of science and technology, the power of weapons such as guns is continuously improved, which puts forward new requirements for protective armor: high protection ability, lightweight, and resistance to multiple hits. Compared with traditional metal armor, ceramic composite armor composed of ceramic panels and high-performance composite back plates has higher bulletproof performance and lighter weight, and has broad application prospects in the field of armor protection.

[0003] The currently equipped ceramic composite armor is usually composed of ceramic panels and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber back plates by adhesive bonding. Since the impact resistance of the two materials differs greatly, the compression stress wave is converted into tensile stress wave at the back, which makes the ceramic panel easily broken, so that the excellent bulletproof performance of the ceramic composite armor cannot be fully utilized. At the same time, after the armor is penetrated by a bullet, cracking and delamination occur between the panel and the back plate, and ceramic fragments fall off, forming an air gap, which further aggravates the mismatch of material properties, thereby weakening the armor protection ability and failing to effectively resist subsequent bullet impacts. The reason is that the structure of the current ceramic composite armor is relatively simple, and the difference in material properties makes the response synergy of the armor poor, the overall performance is poor, and finally leads to large deformation of the armor after impact, easy cracking, falling off, etc., poor resistance to multiple bullet impacts. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the poor resistance to multiple hits of the current ceramic composite armor, the present application proposes a light ceramic composite armor and its preparation method, which uses spliced ceramic as the panel, two kinds of composite materials as the back plate, and adds a damping layer, which improves the response synergy between the materials of the armor layers. By applying a compression stress constraint to the overall armor through a high-strength fiber wrapping layer, the cracking, delamination, and falling off of the armor layers are limited, thereby improving the bulletproof performance of the composite armor.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] The lightweight ceramic composite armor is integrally molded and co-cured under three-directional pre-stress by a preformed lightweight ceramic composite protective armor structure, the preformed lightweight ceramic composite protective armor structure comprising a main bulletproof structure, a wrapping layer and a damping layer, the main bulletproof structure comprising a ceramic panel, a first adhesive film layer, a carbon fiber layer, a second adhesive film layer and an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer arranged in sequence, the wrapping layer completely wrapping the main bulletproof structure, the wrapping layer comprising opposite first and second surfaces, the first surface being in contact with the main bulletproof structure, and the damping layer being arranged on the second surface of the wrapping layer and being close to and parallel to the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer.

[0007] The main bulletproof structure is composed of a ceramic panel, a first adhesive film layer, a carbon fiber layer, a second adhesive film layer and an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer arranged in sequence, so that the performance of the lightweight ceramic composite armor material changes in a gradient manner in the thickness direction. The main bulletproof structure is co-cured by the ceramic panel, the carbon fiber and the polyethylene fiber back plate through special bonding (the first and second adhesive film layers), which combines the high hardness of the ceramic, the high strength of the fiber and the damping performance of the damping layer in the composite armor, so as to reduce the cracking and delamination of the armor, improve the anti-multiple bullet impact capacity of the protective armor and the shock wave absorption performance of the entire main bulletproof structure.

[0008] The wrapping layer is made of high-strength aramid fiber, which wraps the bulletproof structure as a whole, and through the combined action of the stitching process, the wrapping process and the forming block mold, the protective armor structure is integrally molded and co-cured under three-directional pre-stress, preventing the ceramic panel and the fiber back plate from separating after being hit by multiple bullets, and further improving the anti-penetration capacity of the protective armor and the damping and buffering effect.

[0009] The wrapping layer completely wraps the main bulletproof structure, and the edges of the wrapping layer are stitched to apply pre-tightening pressure to the whole bulletproof armor under the action of the forming block mold. The wrapping layer, the main bulletproof structure and the damping layer are integrally molded and co-cured under three-directional pre-stress to obtain a ceramic composite armor, which can resist impact cracking and delamination. The damping layer plays a damping and buffering role, which can effectively reduce the damage effect of multiple bullet impacts.

[0010] The ceramic panel is made of ceramic units of silicon carbide or boron carbide material, and the Vickers hardness is greater than or equal to 2500 Kg / mm 2The ceramic units can be regular hexagons. The thickness of the ceramic units is determined according to the impact velocity and impact energy of the protective bullet. The ceramic units can be bonded by epoxy resin. The ceramic units are divided into ceramic unit pieces of different sizes, and the surfaces thereof can be treated by diamond film plating; that is, the surfaces of the ceramic panel facing the bullet are treated by diamond film plating, and the surfaces treated by diamond film plating are placed on the first surface of the flatly laid package layer.

[0011] The first adhesive film layer and / or the second adhesive film layer adopt epoxy resin; specifically, any existing epoxy resin adhesive can be used. The first adhesive film layer is used for bonding the ceramic panel and the carbon fiber layer, and the second adhesive film layer is used for bonding the carbon fiber layer and the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer.

[0012] The carbon fiber layer is formed by orthogonal laying of T800 or carbon fiber prepreg with an epoxy resin matrix and better mechanical properties than T800. The mass content of the epoxy resin matrix in the carbon fiber prepreg can be 35%. The thickness of the carbon fiber layer is determined according to the impact velocity and impact energy of the protective bullet. T800 is the model number of the carbon fiber prepreg, which can be purchased on the market, such as Weihai Guangwei, Toray Company, etc.

[0013] The ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer is formed by orthogonal laying of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber prepreg with a polyethylene resin matrix. The mass content of the polyethylene resin matrix in the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber prepreg can be 35%. The thickness of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer is determined according to the impact velocity and impact energy of the protective bullet. The ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber (English full name: Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fiber, abbreviated as UHMWPE) is a fiber spun from polyethylene with a molecular weight of 1 million to 5 million, which is the strongest and highest modulus fiber in the world. It can be purchased on the market.

[0014] The package layer adopts aramid fabric impregnated with epoxy resin; the thickness of the aramid fabric is about 0.3 mm, and the grammage is about 150 g / m 2 ; that is, the package layer adopts aramid fabric impregnated with epoxy resin. Specifically, the aramid fabric can be aramid III plain fabric. For example, after the epoxy resin and the curing agent are mixed and uniformly coated on the surface of the aramid III plain fabric, the fabric is laid flat and placed for 48 hours to dry the resin and completely impregnate the fiber inside, obtaining the aramid fiber package layer. The package layer made of aramid fiber material plays a full range of package and crack stopping role for the main bulletproof structure.

[0015] The damping layer can be a hydrogenated butyronitrile film layer; the thickness of the damping layer is determined according to design requirements, the damping layer plays a shock-absorbing and buffering role, and can effectively reduce injury.

[0016] The preparation method of the lightweight ceramic composite armor comprises the following steps: sequentially laying a ceramic panel, a first adhesive film layer, a carbon fiber layer, a second adhesive film layer, and an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer to obtain the main bulletproof structure, completely wrapping the main bulletproof structure in the wrapping layer, and coating a damping layer to obtain a preformed lightweight ceramic composite protective armor structure; and the preformed lightweight ceramic composite protective armor structure is integrally molded and co-cured under the action of three-way pre-stress.

[0017] The specific steps for obtaining the main bulletproof structure can be as follows: taking the spliced ceramic panel as a reference, laying a first adhesive film on the ceramic panel, laying the carbon fiber layer on the first adhesive film by alternately laying carbon fiber unidirectional prepreg in a (0°, 90°) orthogonal manner, laying a second adhesive film on the carbon fiber layer, and laying the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer on the second adhesive film by alternately laying ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber unidirectional prepreg in a (0°, 90°) orthogonal manner.

[0018] The specific steps for obtaining the preformed lightweight ceramic composite protective armor structure can be as follows: unfolding and laying the wrapping layer with the first surface of the wrapping layer facing upward, placing the ceramic panel with the bullet-impact surface (i.e., the surface treated with a diamond film) tightly on the first surface of the laid wrapping layer, sequentially laying a first adhesive film layer, a carbon fiber layer, a second adhesive film layer, and an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer, folding the wrapping layer in half, and brushing a hydrogenated butyronitrile material solution on the second surface of the wrapping layer to form a damping layer. The wrapping layer can be uniformly and centrally laid under the main bulletproof structure, and after being folded in half twice horizontally and twice vertically, a closed wrapping space is formed; the damping layer is brushed on the second surface of the wrapping layer after being folded in half three times.

[0019] The specific steps for integrally molding and co-curing can be as follows: placing the preformed lightweight ceramic composite protective armor structure in a molding sub-mold, which is composed of two upper and lower main mold plates and four side mold plates; clamping the preformed lightweight ceramic composite protective armor structure between the two upper and lower main mold plates, and clamping the lightweight ceramic composite protective armor structure in the middle from four sides by the four side mold plates. Start to apply pre-stress, and apply a pre-tightening force of 500-600 kg to each steel band by a manual or motorized binding device, and bind three times in each direction at uniform intervals. Place the wrapped preformed lightweight ceramic composite protective armor structure in the molding sub-mold in the molding machine. After co-curing and molding, cool to room temperature, remove the binding steel bands and the molding sub-mold, and a lightweight ceramic composite protective armor is obtained. The molding temperature is above 120℃, the surface molding pressure of the upper main mold plate is above 10 MPa, and the holding time is above 90 minutes.

[0020] The preparation method of the light ceramic composite armor adopts a wrapping process, the wrapping process is to apply pressure stress constraints to the preformed light ceramic composite protective armor through a high-strength fiber wrapping layer, a segmented mold, a steel belt and a molding process, the pre-tightening force of each steel belt is 500-600 kg; in the co-curing forming process, the molding temperature is above 120 DEG C, the molding pressure applied to the surface of the upper mold plate by the molding machine is above 10 MPa, and the holding time is above 90 minutes, so that the used epoxy resin, epoxy resin adhesive film, carbon fiber prepreg, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber prepreg and hydrogenated butyronitrile film are all cured or vulcanized at 120 DEG C.

[0021] The preparation method of the light ceramic composite armor adopts a wrapping process, the wrapping process is to apply pressure stress constraints to the preformed light ceramic composite protective armor through a high-strength fiber wrapping layer, a segmented mold, a steel belt and a molding process, the pre-tightening force of each steel belt is 500-600 kg; in the co-curing forming process, the molding temperature is above 120 DEG C, the molding pressure applied to the surface of the upper mold plate by the molding machine is above 10 MPa, and the holding time is above 90 minutes, so that the used epoxy resin, epoxy resin adhesive film, carbon fiber prepreg, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber prepreg and hydrogenated butyronitrile film are all cured or vulcanized at 120 DEG C.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0023] The present application provides a light ceramic composite armor structure prepared by adopting a wrapping process and a forming segmented mold, the carbon fiber layer and the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer are orthogonally laid and combined as a back plate, so that the material properties of the light ceramic composite armor structure along the thickness direction change in a gradient manner, the response cooperation between the armor parts is improved, the high hardness of the ceramic panel and the high strength of the fiber back plate can be fully utilized. The addition of the damping layer on the back of the armor enhances the bulletproof performance and plays a buffering role, thereby reducing the impact damage to the protected target. The fiber wrapping layer composite armor structure is co-cured and formed under the pre-pressure stress constraints, so that the light ceramic composite armor structure is in a three-way pressure stress state, the structural stability of the overall armor structure after being penetrated by a bullet is improved, the cracking, delamination and shedding of the panel and the back plate are limited, the ceramic fragments are prevented from splashing, and the anti-multiple impact ability of the armor is improved.

[0024] In the present application, "about" means a floating range of 10% up and down. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the ceramic unit in the embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the ceramic panel in the embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the orthogonal laying of the carbon fiber layer or the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer in the embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 4 A three-dimensional schematic view of a main bulletproof structure of a lightweight ceramic composite protective armor in an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Fig. 5(a)-5(e) are the processes of wrapping of a lightweight ceramic composite protective armor structure in an embodiment of the present application; wherein Fig. 5(a) is a schematic view of the relative positions of the main bulletproof structure and the wrapping layer in a flat state before wrapping; Fig. 5(b) is a schematic view of the wrapping layer after the first folding of the front and back; Fig. 5(c) is a schematic view of the wrapping layer after the second folding of the front and back; Fig. 5(d) is a schematic view of the wrapping layer after the first folding of the left and right; Fig. 5(e) is a schematic view of the wrapping layer after the second folding of the left and right;

[0030] Figure 6 A schematic view of the addition of a damping layer after the third folding (i.e. after the first folding of the left and right, as shown in Fig. 5(d), the damping solution is brushed on the second surface of the wrapping aramid fabric, and then the second folding of the left and right is performed);

[0031] Figure 7 A cross-sectional schematic view of a pre-formed lightweight ceramic composite protective armor structure in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 8 A three-dimensional schematic view of a pre-formed lightweight ceramic composite protective armor structure in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 9 A front view schematic view of the installation relationship between a pre-formed lightweight ceramic composite protective armor structure and a forming segmented mold in an embodiment of the present application; wherein a represents the one-side distance (in the horizontal direction) between the upper and lower two main mold plates and the pre-formed lightweight ceramic composite protective armor structure; b represents the one-side distance (in the height direction) between the four side mold plates and the pre-formed lightweight ceramic composite protective armor structure;

[0034] Figure 10 A top view schematic view of the installation relationship between a pre-formed lightweight ceramic composite protective armor structure and a forming segmented mold in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 11 A front view schematic view of the steel belt pre-tightening structure after the installation of a pre-formed lightweight ceramic composite protective armor structure and a forming segmented mold in an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] Figure 12 A top view schematic view of the steel belt pre-tightening structure after the installation of a pre-formed lightweight ceramic composite protective armor structure and a forming segmented mold in an embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 13 A physical lightweight ceramic composite protective armor provided in an embodiment of the present application, the left side is the bullet-facing surface of the lightweight ceramic composite protective armor, and the right side represents the back surface of the lightweight ceramic composite protective armor.

[0038] Figure 1.1 is a ceramic panel, 1.2 is a first adhesive film layer, 1.3 is a carbon fiber layer, 1.4 is a second adhesive film layer, 1.5 is an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer, 1.6 is a damping layer, 1.7 is a wrapping layer, 1 is a preformed lightweight ceramic composite protective armor structure, 2 is an upper mold plate, 3 is a release cloth, 4 is a left / right side mold plate, 5 is a front / back side mold plate, 6 is a lower mold plate, and 7 is a steel belt. Embodiment

[0039] The application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

[0040] The structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in the drawings of the present specification are only used to cooperate with the content disclosed in the specification, to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to define the limiting conditions under which the present application can be implemented, so they do not have technical significance. Any modification of the structure, change of the proportional relationship or adjustment of the size, without affecting the effect and purpose that the present application can produce, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed by the present application. At the same time, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" used in the present specification are only for the convenience of clear description, and are not used to limit the scope in which the present application can be implemented, and the change or adjustment of the relative relationship, without substantially changing the technical content, is also regarded as the scope in which the present application can be implemented.

[0041] In the embodiments of the present application, all reagents used are commercially available products.

[0042] A lightweight ceramic composite armor is prepared by the following method, comprising the following steps:

[0043] Step 1: Cut the rectangular aramid III plain fabric with a size of 760mm x 940mm, mix the epoxy resin and the curing agent uniformly, and then evenly brush them onto the surface of the aramid III plain fabric. After laying flat for 48 hours, the epoxy resin is allowed to dry and completely soak the fibers inside the aramid III plain fabric to obtain the aramid fiber wrapping layer 1.7. The epoxy resin used is 0164 epoxy resin, and the curing agent used is methyl hexa-epoxy curing agent, both of which are products of Jiangyin Wanchen Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0044] Step 2: Apply release agent to the upper surface of the smooth lower mold plate 6 and lay a layer of release cloth, and then lay the prepared aramid fiber wrapping layer 1.7 on the release cloth. On the aramid fiber wrapping layer 1.7, use the completely cut Figure 1 hexagonal silicon carbide bulletproof ceramic units as shown in FIG. 1.8 to splice them together, and use epoxy resin (the epoxy resin used is CZ3457 high-temperature-resistant 300-degree epoxy resin purchased from Julili New Material Co., Ltd.) to bond between the ceramic units. Splice into Figure 2The ceramic panel 1.1 shown has a size of 240mm x 300mm. The ceramic unit has a Vickers hardness greater than or equal to 2500 Kg / mm 2 The ceramic unit has a diamond film plating treatment on the bulletproof surface, and the surface of the diamond film plating treatment is placed in close contact on the first surface of the laid package layer 1.7.

[0045] Step 3: Based on the completed ceramic panel 1.1, three layers of epoxy resin film with a size of 240mm x 300mm are laid as the first film layer 1.2 for bonding the ceramic panel 1.1 and the carbon fiber layer 1.3.

[0046] Step 4: 25 layers of T800 carbon fiber unidirectional prepreg (purchased from Weihai Guangwei Co., Ltd.) with a size of 240mm x 300mm are laid on the first film layer 1.2 to obtain the carbon fiber layer 1.3, which is laid orthogonally as Figure 3 shown.

[0047] Step 5: A layer of epoxy resin film with a size of 240mm x 300mm is laid on the carbon fiber layer 1.3 as the second film layer 1.4 for bonding the carbon fiber layer 1.3 and the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer 1.5. The epoxy resin used is CZ3457 poly force JL-528 high temperature resistant 300 degree epoxy resin, purchased from Poly Force New Material Co., Ltd.

[0048] Step 6: 36 layers of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber (the model of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber is EP43C, Beijing Punote Co., Ltd.) unidirectional prepreg with a size of 240mm x 300mm are laid on the second film layer 1.4 in an alternating orthogonal manner to obtain the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer 1.5.

[0049] According to steps 2-6, the ceramic panel 1.1, the first film layer 1.2, the carbon fiber layer 1.3, the second film layer 1.4, and the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer 1.5 are sequentially laid from bottom to top to form the main bulletproof structure of the lightweight ceramic composite armor.

[0050] Step 7: As Figure 4 shown, the aramid fiber package layer 1.7 is packaged according to the following steps. The packaging process is carried out according to Fig. 5(a) to Fig. 5(e). After folding to Fig. 5(d), a hydrogenated butyronitrile material solution is applied to the back surface (the aramid fiber package layer 1.7 above the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer 1.5) to form a damping film layer 1.6 with a thickness of 0.8mm, as Figure 6As shown, after the first left and right folding, the damping solution is brushed on the second surface of the wrapping layer 1.7, with a thickness of 0.8 mm, and then the second left and right folding is performed, at which time the wrapping is completed, ready for stitching. The hydrogenated nitrile material is purchased from Dow Group Co., Ltd.

[0051] Step 8: After the wrapping is completed, the four sides of the aramid fiber wrapping layer 1.7 are stitched with aramid stitching thread to form a preformed lightweight ceramic composite protective armor structure 1, as shown in Figure 7 and 8 The release cloth 3 and the release agent are placed on the preformed lightweight ceramic composite protective armor structure 1 in turn from top to bottom. The preformed lightweight ceramic composite protective armor structure 1 has, from bottom to top, the wrapping layer 1.7, the ceramic panel 1.1, the first film layer 1.2, the carbon fiber layer 1.3, the second film layer 1.4, the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer 1.5, the wrapping layer 1.7, and the damping layer 1.6; the side surface is also the wrapping layer 1.7. Among them, the ceramic panel 1.1, the first film layer 1.2, the carbon fiber layer 1.3, the second film layer 1.4, and the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer 1.5 constitute the main bulletproof structure. The wrapping layer 1.7 completely wraps the main bulletproof structure inside; as shown in FIG. 5 (a-e), the upper surface of the stretched and laid wrapping layer 1.7 is the first surface of the wrapping layer 1.7, and the lower surface is the second surface of the wrapping layer 1.7; after the wrapping layer 1.7 completely wraps the main bulletproof structure, the first surface of the wrapping layer 1.7 is in contact with the main bulletproof structure, and here the diamond film treated surface of the ceramic unit is placed in close contact on the laid wrapping layer 1.7 first surface, and the second surface of the wrapping layer 1.7 is the outer surface of the wrapping layer 1.7. The damping layer 1.6 is arranged on the second surface of the wrapping layer 1.7, close to and parallel to the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer 1.5; that is, after the first left and right folding, the damping solution is brushed on the second surface of the wrapping layer 1.7, forming a damping layer 1.6 with a thickness of 0.8 mm, which is located in the wrapping layer 1.7 directly above the main bulletproof structure.

[0052] The preformed lightweight ceramic composite protective armor structure 1 is placed in the forming block mold. The forming block mold is mainly composed of two upper and lower main mold plates and four side mold plates, as shown in Figure 9 and Figure 10As shown, the forming block mold for the preformed lightweight ceramic composite protective armor structure 1 is mainly composed of an upper mold plate 2, left / right side mold plates 4, front / back side mold plates 5 and a lower mold plate 6. The upper mold plate 2 and the lower mold plate 6 are flat plates (may also be shaped mold plates, determined according to the design requirements of the lightweight ceramic composite protective armor structure) in this embodiment, with a thickness of 5 mm; the left / right side mold plates 4 and the front / back side mold plates 5 are flat plates, with a thickness of 4 mm. The peripheral size of the upper mold plate 2 and the lower mold plate 6 is 2 to 3 mm smaller than the peripheral single side of the preformed lightweight ceramic composite protective armor; the forming surface of the upper mold plate 2 and the lower mold plate 6 is closely attached to the upper and lower surfaces of the lightweight ceramic composite protective armor, and the shape and position size of the closely attached surface is completely consistent with the shape and position size of the upper and lower surfaces of the lightweight ceramic composite protective armor after the final co-curing. The length of each of the left / right side mold plates 4 and the front / back side mold plates 5 is smaller than the peripheral length size of the lightweight ceramic composite protective armor, with a single side of 2 to 4 mm, and the width is 1 to 2 mm smaller than the thickness of the lightweight ceramic composite protective armor.

[0053] Step 9: The preformed lightweight ceramic composite protective armor structure 1 is packaged and pre-tightened in the horizontal and vertical directions by using steel belts 7. The packaging and pre-tightening can be performed on a pneumatic or hydraulic packer, with a pre-tightening force of 500-600 kg applied by each steel belt 7, and three uniform interval bindings in each direction, as shown in Figure 11 and Figure 12 .

[0054] Step 10: The overall bound structure is placed in a hot press for molding, with a molding pressure of 10 MPa applied to the surface of the upper main mold plate, a co-curing temperature of 120°C, and a holding time of 90 min, so that the epoxy resin, epoxy resin adhesive film, carbon fiber prepreg, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber prepreg, and hydrogenated butyronitrile film are all cured or vulcanized (i.e., co-cured) at 120°C. After co-curing, the temperature is lowered to room temperature, the binding steel belts and the forming block mold are removed, and the lightweight ceramic composite armor is finally obtained, as shown in Figure 13 .

[0055] In the above steps, the epoxy resin, epoxy resin adhesive film, carbon fiber prepreg, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber prepreg, and hydrogenated butyronitrile film are all cured or vulcanized (i.e., co-cured) at 120°C.

[0056] Effect of the lightweight ceramic composite armor

[0057] A ceramic composite armor prepared according to the above embodiment was subjected to a shooting test in an open target range of a special operations brigade, with 56 type rifles and 56 type 7.62 mm ordinary bullets used, a bullet initial speed of 735 m / s, a shooting distance of 10 m, and the bullets vertically incident on the armor plate, with two bullets fired in sequence. The shooting results are shown in the attached Figure 13 .

[0058] After testing, the areal density of the above light ceramic composite armor is less than 4Kg / m 2 After two bullets penetrate, the light ceramic composite armor is not penetrated, the back aramid backing layer is not damaged, and the light ceramic composite armor back convex is less than 10mm, the bulletproof performance is better, which reflects the superiority of the backing process and the forming block mold for preparing the light ceramic composite armor.

[0059] Although the specific embodiments of the present application are described above with reference to the drawings, it is not a limitation on the scope of protection of the present application, and those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or changes made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the technical solutions of the present application without creative labor are still within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. Lightweight ceramic composite armor, characterized in that, The preformed lightweight ceramic composite protective armor structure is integrally molded and co-cured under the action of three-directional pre-compression stress; the preformed lightweight ceramic composite protective armor structure comprises a main bulletproof structure, a wrapping layer and a damping layer; The main bulletproof structure comprises ceramic panels, a first adhesive film layer, a carbon fiber layer, a second adhesive film layer and an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer arranged in sequence; The wrapping layer completely wraps the main bulletproof structure; the wrapping layer comprises opposite first and second surfaces, and the first surface is in contact with the main bulletproof structure; The damping layer is arranged on the second surface of the wrapping layer and is close to and parallel to the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer; The carbon fiber layer is made of T800 or carbon fiber prepreg with a matrix of epoxy resin and is formed by orthogonal laying; The ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer is made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber prepreg with a matrix of polyethylene resin and is formed by orthogonal laying.

2. The lightweight ceramic composite armor of claim 1, wherein, The ceramic panel is made of silicon carbide or boron carbide ceramic units, which have a Vickers hardness greater than or equal to 2500 Kg / mm 2 .

3. The lightweight ceramic composite armor of claim 1, wherein, The bullet-facing surface of the ceramic panel is treated by plating a diamond film.

4. The lightweight ceramic composite armor of claim 1, wherein, The first adhesive film layer or / and the second adhesive film layer adopts epoxy resin adhesive.

5. The lightweight ceramic composite armor of claim 1, wherein, The bagging layer adopts aramid fabric impregnated with epoxy resin; the aramid fabric has a thickness of 0.3 mm and a grammage of 150 g / m 2 .

6. The lightweight ceramic composite armor of claim 1, wherein, The damping layer is a hydrogenated nitrile film layer, and the thickness is determined according to the design requirement.

7. The method of manufacturing a lightweight ceramic composite armor according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, It comprises: (1) ceramic panels, a first adhesive film layer, a carbon fiber layer, a second adhesive film layer and an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer are laid in sequence to obtain the main bulletproof structure; The specific steps for obtaining the main bulletproof structure are as follows: a first adhesive film is laid on the ceramic panels which are spliced and completed, carbon fiber unidirectional prepreg is laid on the first adhesive film by 0° and 90° alternate orthogonal laying to obtain the carbon fiber layer, a second adhesive film is laid on the carbon fiber layer, and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber unidirectional prepreg is laid on the second adhesive film by 0° and 90° alternate orthogonal laying to obtain the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer; (2) the main bulletproof structure is completely wrapped by the wrapping layer, and a damping layer is coated to obtain the preformed lightweight ceramic composite protective armor structure; The specific steps for obtaining the preformed lightweight ceramic composite protective armor structure are as follows: the wrapping layer is stretched and laid flat with the first surface upward, the bullet-facing surface of the ceramic panel is placed tightly on the first surface of the laid wrapping layer, and then a first adhesive film layer, a carbon fiber layer, a second adhesive film layer and an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber layer are laid in sequence, the wrapping layer is folded in half, and a damping layer is formed on the second surface of the wrapping layer by brushing a hydrogenated nitrile material solution; the wrapping layer is evenly and centrally laid under the main bulletproof structure, and is folded in half twice horizontally and twice vertically to form a closed wrapping space; the damping layer is brushed on the second surface of the wrapping layer after being folded three times; (3) the preformed lightweight ceramic composite protective armor structure is integrally molded and co-cured under the action of three-directional pre-compression stress; The specific steps of the integral mold pressing co-curing forming are as follows: the preformed lightweight ceramic composite protective armor structure is put into a forming block mold which is composed of upper and lower main mold plates and four side mold plates; the preformed lightweight ceramic composite protective armor structure is clamped between the upper and lower main mold plates, and the lightweight ceramic composite protective armor structure is clamped between the four side mold plates from four sides; a pre-stress is applied, a manual or mechanical binding device is used, 500-600 kg of pre-tightening force is applied to each steel belt, and the binding is uniformly spaced three times in each direction; the preformed lightweight ceramic composite protective armor structure with the wrapped forming block mold is put into a mold pressing machine; after co-curing forming, the temperature is lowered to room temperature, the binding steel belt and the forming block mold are removed, and the lightweight ceramic composite protective armor is obtained; the mold pressing temperature is above 120 DEG C, the mold pressing pressure of the mold pressing machine on the surface of the upper main mold plate is above 10 MPa, and the holding time is above 90 minutes.

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