Deep-sea mining plume treatment device and method based on bottom suction flocculation

Abstract

The present invention discloses a deep-sea mining plume treatment device and method based on bottom suction flocculation, which includes a bottom suction flocculation tank, a pump suction transfer tank, a spiral bottom suction unit, a primary flocculation spraying unit, a secondary flocculation spraying unit and a control system. The interior of the bottom suction flocculation tank is divided into a flocculation chamber and a bottom suction chamber by a partition board. A plume suction port is arranged outside the bottom suction flocculation tank, and the plume suction port is communicated with the interior of the bottom suction chamber. The spiral bottom suction unit is arranged in the bottom suction flocculation tank, and the pump suction transfer tank is arranged at the upper rear of the bottom suction flocculation tank, and a suction pump is arranged at the upper part of the rear side thereof. The primary flocculation spraying unit includes a first flocculation storage tank and multiple groups of first nozzles, and the first nozzles are arranged at the bottom of the flocculation chamber. The secondary flocculation spraying unit includes a second flocculation storage tank and multiple flocculation spraying pipes, and two groups of second nozzles are arranged on each of the flocculation spraying pipes. The plume collection of the present invention is complete and sufficient, the flocculation and sedimentation processes are carried out continuously, the mixing is fully and evenly, the sedimentation efficiency is high, the generation of secondary plumes is avoided, and a better sedimentation effect is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of seabed environment governance, and particularly relates to a device and method for governing deep-sea mining plume based on bottom suction flocculation. Background Art

[0002] With the shortage of rare metal resources on land, seabed minerals have attracted more and more attention from countries around the world. However, during the exploitation of deep-sea polymetallic nodules, the soft seabed soil layer and sediments will be damaged. During the walking and mining process of deep-sea mining vehicles, the disturbance of seawater can stir up and spread deep-sea sediments, the cementation effect between sediment clay particles is damaged, and a plume is formed. Once the deep-sea plume is formed and diffused, due to its small particle size, it is extremely difficult to settle, and the spread range can reach thousands of kilometers, and the suspension time can last for decades. The plume water body is turbid, and the particulate load it carries will block the respiratory tract and feeding tract of benthic organisms, resulting in their large-scale death and causing irreparable damage to the seabed ecology. The exploitation of deep-sea polymetallic nodules will disturb the shallow surface sediments of the seabed, causing the sediments to resuspend and form sediment plumes. The migration and diffusion of sediment plumes will change the chemical properties of the water body and affect the reproduction and survival of seabed organisms. It is the most direct environmental impact brought about by the exploitation of deep-sea polymetallic nodules, and there is currently a lack of effective prevention and control technologies for deep-sea plumes. Therefore, the existing technology urgently needs to be further improved and enhanced. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Aiming at the deficiencies of the above-mentioned existing technology, an object of the present invention is to provide a device for governing deep-sea mining plume based on bottom suction flocculation, so as to solve the problems that a large amount of plume is stirred up, formed and diffused during the walking and mining process of deep-sea mining vehicles, resulting in large-scale death of marine organisms and irreparable damage to the seabed ecology.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A device for governing deep-sea mining plume based on bottom suction flocculation includes a bottom suction flocculation tank, a pump suction transfer tank, a spiral bottom suction unit, a flocculation initial spraying unit, a flocculation re-spraying unit and a control system. The bottom suction flocculation tank is a box with a square three-dimensional structure and can be installed on the top of the frame of the mining vehicle.

[0006] The lower part of the bottom suction flocculation tank is provided with a partition board, which divides the internal cavity of the bottom suction flocculation tank into a flocculation bin located above and a bottom suction bin located below. Plume suction ports are arranged on the four side edges of the bottom suction flocculation tank, and each plume suction port is communicated with the inside of the bottom suction bin through a channel.

[0007] The baffle plate is provided with diversion holes. The spiral bottom suction unit is arranged in the bottom suction flocculation tank and can continuously send the plume in the bottom suction bin into the flocculation bin. The pump suction transfer tank is arranged at the upper rear of the bottom suction flocculation tank and communicates with the flocculation bin at the bottom. A suction pump is arranged at the upper part of the rear side of the pump suction transfer tank.

[0008] The primary flocculation spraying unit includes a first flocculation storage tank and multiple groups of first nozzles. The first nozzles are arranged at the bottom of the flocculation bin and are connected to the first flocculation storage tank through pipelines.

[0009] The secondary flocculation spraying unit includes a second flocculation storage tank and multiple flocculation spraying pipes. All the flocculation spraying pipes are arranged at intervals in the middle of the pump suction transfer tank and are connected to the second flocculation storage tank through pipelines. Two groups of second nozzles are arranged on each flocculation spraying pipe.

[0010] Furthermore, the front and rear sides of the bottom of the bottom suction flocculation tank are respectively provided with a first bottom suction pipe, and two groups of second bottom suction pipes are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the bottom of the bottom suction flocculation tank. Each group of second bottom suction pipes includes at least two second bottom suction pipes arranged at longitudinal intervals.

[0011] Both the first and second bottom suction pipes are flat-mouthed pipe bodies, and the upper ends are fixedly connected to the bottom of the bottom suction flocculation tank as a whole. Their lower ports are the plume suction ports and are arranged obliquely outward.

[0012] Furthermore, there are two symmetrically arranged plume suction ports at the upper parts of the left and right sides of the bottom suction flocculation tank. The plume suction ports are long strip-shaped flat-mouth structures.

[0013] The two plume suction ports at the upper parts of the left and right sides of the bottom suction flocculation tank communicate with the inside of the bottom suction bin through arc-shaped channels located on the left and right side plates of the bottom suction flocculation tank. A filter screen is arranged on the inner side of each plume suction port.

[0014] Furthermore, the diversion holes are round holes and there are at least two of them. All the diversion holes are arranged at longitudinal intervals along the central axis of the baffle plate.

[0015] The spiral bottom suction unit includes propellers that are equal in number to the diversion holes and are in one-to-one correspondence in position. Each propeller is equipped with a servo motor. The rotating shaft of the propeller is arranged vertically and is located in the corresponding diversion hole. An annular channel for the plume to pass through is formed between the side wall of the rotating shaft and the inner wall of the diversion hole.

[0016] The servo motor is arranged on the bottom plate of the bottom suction flocculation tank, and its output shaft is connected to the lower end of the rotating shaft. The blades of the propeller are located above the baffle plate and are fixedly installed at the upper end of the rotating shaft.

[0017] Further, the first flocculation storage tank and the second flocculation storage tank are arranged side by side in front of the pump suction and transfer tank, and input pipes connecting to the surface mother ship are respectively provided at the tops. The surface mother ship conveys PAC flocculant into the first flocculation storage tank through the input pipe at its top. Meanwhile, the surface mother ship can convey APAM flocculant into the second flocculation storage tank through the input pipe at its top.

[0018] Further, each group of first nozzles are horizontally arranged at intervals in sequence on the partition board, and each group of first nozzles includes at least two first nozzles arranged at longitudinal intervals.

[0019] An electromagnetic pump one is provided on the first flocculation storage tank. The signal end of the electromagnetic pump one is communicatively connected to the control system. The outlet end of the electromagnetic pump one is connected with a main supply pipe one, and the main supply pipe one is connected and communicated with each first nozzle through a flow divider one installed on the partition board.

[0020] Further, each of the flocculation spraying pipes is longitudinally and horizontally arranged and is correspondingly connected to the outlet end of a flow divider two provided on the front side wall of the pump suction and transfer tank one by one.

[0021] Two groups of second nozzles are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the flocculation spraying pipe. Each group of second nozzles includes a plurality of second nozzles evenly distributed at equal intervals along the axial direction of the flocculation spraying pipe.

[0022] An electromagnetic pump two is provided on the second flocculation storage tank. The signal end of the electromagnetic pump two is communicatively connected to the control system. The outlet end of the electromagnetic pump two is connected to the inlet end of the flow divider two through a main supply pipe two.

[0023] Further, there are at least two suction pumps, which are horizontally arranged at intervals in sequence at the rear side of the pump suction and transfer tank. The suction pumps adopt diaphragm pumps, and their inlet ends are connected and communicated with the inside of the pump suction and transfer tank through reducing pipes.

[0024] Further, discharge grooves equal in number to the suction pumps and corresponding in position are provided at the upper inner side of the pump suction and transfer tank. The discharge grooves are U-shaped shells longitudinally and horizontally arranged, and their front and rear ends are respectively fixedly connected to the side walls of the pump suction and transfer tank to form an integral body. A channel for water flow is formed between the upper end and the top wall of the pump suction and transfer tank.

[0025] Long strip-shaped drain openings are formed at the positions adjacent to the upper part of the bottom plate of the discharge groove on the pump suction and transfer tank. The inside of the discharge groove is communicated with the reducing pipe through the drain openings.

[0026] Another object of the present invention is to propose a method for treating deep-sea mining plume.

[0027] A method for treating deep-sea mining plume, using the above-mentioned deep-sea mining plume treatment device based on bottom suction flocculation, includes the following steps:

[0028] S1, before the deep-sea mining vehicle moves, the propeller and suction pump start working, and the plume flow stirred up around the vehicle body is continuously sucked into the bottom suction bin through the plume suction port. The rotation of the propeller creates a pressure difference between the bottom suction bin and the flocculation bin, and the plume flow in the bottom suction bin continuously enters the flocculation bin through the diversion hole.

[0029] S2, the PAC flocculant in the flocculation storage tank 1 is pumped to the first nozzle through the pipeline, and the first nozzle sprays the PAC flocculant into the flocculation bin. Under the stirring action of the propeller, the PAC flocculant is fully mixed with the plume flow in the flocculation bin to form flocs.

[0030] S3, under the action of the suction pump, the flocs follow the water flow into the lower part of the pump suction transfer box and move from bottom to top. The APAM flocculant in the flocculation storage tank 2 is pumped to the second nozzle through the pipeline, and the second nozzle sprays the APAM flocculant into the pump suction transfer box. The APAM flocculant can accelerate the sedimentation of the flocs.

[0031] S4, APAM flocculant makes the flocs move upward with the water flow, coagulate into large flocs, and then they are discharged to the outside of the pump suction transfer box through the suction pump and can quickly settle to the seabed surface.

[0032] By adopting the above technical scheme, the beneficial technical effect of the present invention is as follows: the bottom suction flocculation box of the present invention is installed at the lower part of the deep-sea mining vehicle, and the plume flow is continuously sucked into the bottom suction flocculation box through the peripheral suction port, and PAC flocculant is continuously sprayed in the bottom suction flocculation box. The plume flow forms flocs and enters the pump suction transfer box with the water body, and APAM flocculant is continuously sprayed in the pump suction transfer box to accelerate sedimentation and discharge, the plume flow is completely and fully collected, the flocculation and sedimentation process is continuously carried out, the mixing is fully and evenly, the sedimentation efficiency is high, the generation of secondary plume flow is avoided, and a better sedimentation effect is achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a front structural schematic diagram of a deep-sea mining plume flow management device based on bottom suction flocculation according to the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a certain part of the present invention, showing a bottom suction flocculation box.

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the rear structure of a deep-sea mining plume management device based on bottom suction flocculation according to the present invention.

[0036] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the bottom suction flocculation box of the invention.

[0037] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the mid-bottom suction flocculation box after removing the partition and propeller.

[0038] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the pump suction and transfer box of the invention.

[0039] Figure 7 It is a usage state diagram of a deep - sea mining plume treatment device based on bottom - suction flocculation of the present invention. Specific implementation manners

[0040] The following further describes the implementation manners of the present invention in detail in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention, but cannot be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0041] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "a plurality of" means two or more; the orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front end", "rear end", "head", "tail", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the indicated mechanism or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus cannot be understood as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, terms such as "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0042] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "connected" and "coupled" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0043] Embodiment 1, in combination with Figures 1 to 7 , a deep - sea mining plume treatment device based on bottom - suction flocculation is installed on a deep - sea mining vehicle and is used to collect and treat the plume formed by the disturbance of seabed sediments during the walking and mining process of the mining vehicle. The deep - sea mining plume treatment device based on bottom - suction flocculation includes a bottom - suction flocculation box 1, a pump - suction transfer box 2, a spiral bottom - suction unit, a primary flocculation spraying unit, a secondary flocculation spraying unit, and a control system. The bottom - suction flocculation box 1 is a box with a square three - dimensional structure and can be installed on the top of the frame of the mining vehicle. The bottom of the bottom - suction flocculation box 1 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the frame.

[0044] The deep - sea mining vehicle adopts a crawler walking mode. It includes the vehicle frame and two crawler walking units 102 symmetrically installed on the left and right sides of the vehicle frame. It also includes an ore storage and transfer bin 101, a collection head 103, and a suction pipe 104. The ore storage and transfer bin 101 is installed on the top of the bottom - suction flocculation tank 1. The collection head 103 is located in front of the vehicle frame and is connected and communicated with the ore storage and transfer bin 101 through the suction pipe 104.

[0045] The control system includes a controller. The controller uses a PLC controller existing in the prior art to automatically control the servo motor and the electric control pump body according to the program settings.

[0046] The bottom - suction flocculation tank 1 is located between the two crawler walking units 102. On the front and rear sides of the bottom of the bottom - suction flocculation tank 1, there are respectively a first bottom - suction pipe 11. On the left and right sides of the bottom of the bottom - suction flocculation tank 1, there are symmetrically arranged two groups of second bottom - suction pipes 12. Each group of second bottom - suction pipes 12 includes two second bottom - suction pipes 12 arranged at longitudinal intervals. The first bottom - suction pipe 11 and the second bottom - suction pipe 12 are both flat - mouth - shaped pipe bodies, and the upper ends are fixedly connected to the bottom of the bottom - suction flocculation tank 1 as a whole. Their lower ports are the plume suction ports 13 and are arranged obliquely outward.

[0047] On the upper parts of the left and right sides of the bottom - suction flocculation tank 1, there are two symmetrically arranged plume suction ports 13. The plume suction ports 13 are long - strip - shaped flat - mouth structures. The two plume suction ports 13 on the upper parts of the left and right sides of the bottom - suction flocculation tank 1 are communicated with the inside of the bottom - suction chamber through the arc - shaped channels located on the left and right side plates of the bottom - suction flocculation tank 1. The arc - shaped channels are formed between the inner lining plates on the left and right sides of the bottom - suction flocculation tank 1 and the inner side wall of the bottom - suction flocculation tank 1. The inner lining plates have openings communicated with the arc - shaped channels. A filter screen is arranged on the inner side of each plume suction port 13. In the working state, the plume around the deep - sea mining vehicle enters the inside of the bottom - suction flocculation tank 1 through the plume suction port 13, and the filter screen filters the large - particle sediment that can settle, only allowing the sediment particles with smaller particle sizes to pass through.

[0048] During the walking or mining process of the deep - sea mining vehicle, the plume suction ports 13 around the bottom - suction flocculation tank 1 can suck the plume into its interior. The first bottom - suction pipes 11 on the front and rear sides of the bottom - suction flocculation tank 1 can collect the plume at the bottom of the vehicle frame. The second bottom - suction pipes 12 on the left and right sides of the bottom - suction flocculation tank 1 and the two plume suction ports 13 on the upper part are mainly used to collect the plume around the crawlers.

[0049] The lower part of the bottom - suction flocculation tank 1 has a partition plate 14. The partition plate 14 divides the internal cavity of the bottom - suction flocculation tank 1 into a flocculation chamber located above and a bottom - suction chamber located below. Plume suction ports 13 are arranged on the four side edges of the bottom - suction flocculation tank 1, and each plume suction port 13 communicates with the inside of the bottom - suction chamber through a channel.

[0050] There are two diversion holes 141 formed in the partition plate 14. The diversion holes 141 are circular holes. The two diversion holes 141 are longitudinally arranged at intervals along the central axis of the partition plate 14. The flocculation chamber communicates with the bottom suction chamber below it through the diversion holes 141. The height of the bottom suction chamber is relatively small and is used for the plume flows inhaled through each plume suction port 13 to converge here. Under the action of the pressure difference, the plume flows in the bottom suction chamber enter the upper flocculation chamber through the diversion holes 141.

[0051] The spiral bottom suction unit is arranged in the bottom suction and flocculation box 1 and can continuously send the plume flows in the bottom suction chamber into the flocculation chamber. Specifically, the spiral bottom suction unit includes propellers 3 that are equal in number to and in one-to-one correspondence with the diversion holes 141. Each propeller 3 is equipped with a servo motor. The rotating shaft 31 of the propeller 3 is arranged vertically and is located in the corresponding diversion hole 141. An annular channel for the plume flow to pass through is formed between the side wall of the rotating shaft 31 and the inner wall of the diversion hole 141.

[0052] The servo motor is arranged on the bottom plate of the bottom suction and flocculation box 1. Its output shaft is connected to the lower end of the rotating shaft 31. The blades of the propeller 3 are located above the partition plate 14 and are fixedly installed at the upper end of the rotating shaft 31. In the working state, the propeller 3 rotates, forming a pressure difference on the upper and lower surfaces of the blades. The diversion hole 141 is located directly below the blades, and the plume flows in the bottom suction chamber can be continuously inhaled into the flocculation chamber through the diversion holes 141.

[0053] The initial flocculation spraying unit includes a first flocculation storage tank 51 and three groups of first spray heads 52. The first spray heads 52 are arranged at the bottom of the flocculation chamber and are connected to the first flocculation storage tank 51 through pipelines. Each group of first spray heads 52 is arranged horizontally and at intervals in sequence on the partition plate 14. Each group of first spray heads 52 includes three first spray heads 52 arranged at longitudinal intervals. Each first spray head 52 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the partition plate 14, and its spraying direction is vertically upward.

[0054] An electromagnetic pump 1 is arranged on the first flocculation storage tank 51. The signal end of the electromagnetic pump 1 is in communication connection with the control system. The outlet end of the electromagnetic pump 1 is connected with a main supply pipe 1. The main supply pipe 1 is connected to and communicates with each first spray head 52 through a splitter 1 installed on the partition plate 14. The first flocculation storage tank 51 is used for storing PAC flocculant. The mother ship on the water surface supplies a certain concentration of PAC flocculant through the input pipe 6 at the top of the first flocculation storage tank 51. The electromagnetic pump 1 pumps the PAC flocculant to each first spray head 52, spraying the PAC flocculant inside the flocculation chamber. At the same time, the stirring action of the propeller 3 enables the PAC flocculant to be fully mixed with the plume flows, forming suspended flocs and moving along with the water flow.

[0055] The pump suction and transfer tank 2 is arranged at the rear upper part of the bottom suction flocculation tank 1. The bottom of the pump suction and transfer tank 2 communicates with the flocculation bin through a transfer port 15 located at the top of the rear side of the bottom suction flocculation tank 1. An aspiration pump 4 is provided at the upper part of the rear side of the pump suction and transfer tank 2. The signal end of the aspiration pump 4 is communicatively connected to the controller, and the controller controls the operation of the aspiration pump 4. There are two aspiration pumps 4, and the two aspiration pumps 4 are arranged horizontally at intervals at the rear side of the pump suction and transfer tank 2. The aspiration pump 4 adopts a diaphragm pump, and the inlet end of the aspiration pump 4 is connected to the inside of the pump suction and transfer tank 2 through a reducer pipe 41.

[0056] At the upper part of the inner side of the pump suction and transfer tank 2, there are discharge grooves 21 that are equal in number and corresponding in position to the aspiration pumps 4. The discharge grooves 21 are U-shaped shells arranged longitudinally and horizontally. The front and rear ends of the discharge grooves 21 are respectively fixedly connected to the side walls of the pump suction and transfer tank 2 to form an integral body, and a channel for water flow is formed between the upper end and the top wall of the pump suction and transfer tank 2.

[0057] At a position adjacent to the upper part of the bottom plate of the pump suction and transfer tank 2 and the discharge groove 21, a long strip-shaped drain port 22 is opened. The inside of the discharge groove 21 communicates with the reducer pipe 41 through the drain port 22. In the working state, the aspiration pump 4 continuously discharges the seawater and flocs in the pump suction and transfer tank 2 to the outside. Under the action of the pressure difference, the water flow in the bottom suction flocculation tank 1 enters the bottom of the pump suction and transfer tank 2 through the transfer port 15 at the top of its rear side and flows from bottom to top.

[0058] The flocculation re-spraying unit includes a second flocculation storage tank 71 and a plurality of flocculation spray pipes 72. All the flocculation spray pipes 72 are arranged at intervals in the middle of the pump suction and transfer tank 2 and are connected to the second flocculation storage tank 71 through pipelines. Each of the flocculation spray pipes 72 is arranged longitudinally and horizontally and is correspondingly connected to the outlet end of a second diverter provided on the front side wall of the pump suction and transfer tank 2 one by one.

[0059] An electromagnetic pump two is provided on the second flocculation storage tank 71. The signal end of the electromagnetic pump two is communicatively connected to the control system. The outlet end of the electromagnetic pump two is connected to the inlet end of the second diverter through a second liquid supply main pipe. Each of the flocculation spray pipes 72 is provided with two groups of second nozzles 73. Specifically, the two groups of second nozzles 73 are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the flocculation spray pipe 72, and each group of second nozzles 73 includes a plurality of second nozzles 73 that are equally spaced along the axial direction of the flocculation spray pipe 72.

[0060] The flocculation storage tank II 71 is used to store APAM flocculant. The surface mother ship supplies a certain concentration of APAM flocculant through the input pipe 6 of the flocculation storage tank II 71. The electromagnetic pump II pumps the APAM flocculant to each flocculation spraying pipe 72, and then sprays the APAM flocculant horizontally into the middle of the flocculation storage tank II 71 through a plurality of second nozzles 73 located on both sides of the flocculation spraying pipe 72. The APAM flocculant is mixed with the flocs carried in the water flowing upward inside the flocculation storage tank II 71. Through the ion adsorption effect, the flocs can be quickly condensed and enlarged to form flocs, which flow with the water body to the upper part of the flocculation storage tank II 71, enter the discharge trough 21, and then are discharged to the external environment through the drain port 22 and the variable diameter pipe 41 by the suction pump 4. The diaphragm pump can minimize the disturbance to the flocs as much as possible, so that the particles can quickly settle to the seabed surface after being discharged and be permanently sealed.

[0061] The flocculation storage tank I 51 and the flocculation storage tank I 51 are arranged side by side in front of the pump suction transfer tank 2, and the input pipes 6 connecting the surface mother ship are respectively provided at the tops. The surface mother ship transports PAC flocculant into its interior through the input pipe 6 at the top of the flocculation storage tank I 51. At the same time, the surface mother ship can transport APAM flocculant into its interior through the input pipe 6 at the top of the flocculation storage tank II 71.

[0062] In the flocculation experiment of manufacturing different concentration plume turbid liquids from deep-sea in-situ soil in the Philippine Basin in the Western Pacific and simulating the deep-sea mining plume environment, it was found that compared with a single flocculant, the combined use of PAC flocculant and APAM flocculant has a more positive and effective promoting effect on the settlement of the plume. When the PAC seawater solution is 0.5 g / L and the APAM seawater solution is 0.75 g / L, the flocculation effect is the best, and the suspended particulate matter basically settles in only 2 - 3 minutes, and the turbid liquid becomes clear.

[0063] Example 2, in combination with Figures 1 to 4 , a method for treating deep-sea mining plume, using the above-mentioned deep-sea mining plume treatment device based on bottom suction flocculation, includes the following steps:

[0064] S1. Before the deep-sea mining vehicle moves forward, both the propeller 3 and the suction pump 4 start to work, continuously sucking the plume stirred up around the vehicle body through the plume suction port 13 into the interior of the bottom suction chamber. The rotation of the propeller 3 creates a pressure difference between the bottom suction chamber and the flocculation chamber, and the plume in the bottom suction chamber continuously enters the flocculation chamber through the diversion hole 141.

[0065] S2. The PAC flocculant in the flocculation storage tank I 51 is pumped to the first nozzle 52 through a pipeline, and the first nozzle 52 sprays the PAC flocculant into the flocculation chamber. Under the stirring action of the propeller 3, the PAC flocculant is fully mixed with the plume in the flocculation chamber to form flocs.

[0066] S3. Under the action of the suction pump 4, the flocs enter the lower part of the pump suction and transfer tank 2 along with the water flow and move upward from bottom to top. The APAM flocculant in the flocculation storage tank II 71 is pumped through a pipeline to the second nozzle 73, and the second nozzle 73 sprays the APAM flocculant into the pump suction and transfer tank 2.

[0067] S4. During the upward movement of the flocs along with the water flow under the action of the APAM flocculant, the APAM flocculant is mixed with the flocs carried in the upward flowing water body inside the flocculation storage tank II 71. Through ion adsorption, the flocs can be quickly coagulated and enlarged to form flocs. After being discharged to the outside of the pump suction and transfer tank 2 by the suction pump 4, they can quickly settle to the seabed surface.

[0068] In the present invention, the parts not described can be realized by adopting or referring to the existing technologies.

[0069] The embodiments of the present invention are given for the purpose of illustration and description, and are not exhaustive or limit the present invention to the disclosed form. Many modifications and variations are obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiments are selected and described to better illustrate the principles and practical applications of the present invention, and enable those of ordinary skill in the art to understand the present invention and thus design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for specific purposes.

[0070] Certainly, the above description is not a limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples. Changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the essence of the present invention should also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A deep-sea mining plume treatment device based on bottom suction flocculation, characterized in that It includes a bottom-suction flocculation tank, a pump-suction transfer tank, a spiral bottom-suction unit, a primary flocculation spraying unit, a secondary flocculation spraying unit and a control system. The bottom-suction flocculation tank is a box with a square three-dimensional structure and can be installed on the top of the frame of a mining vehicle. The lower part of the bottom-suction flocculation tank has a partition board, which divides the internal cavity of the bottom-suction flocculation tank into a flocculation bin located above and a bottom-suction bin located below. Plume suction ports are provided on all four sides of the bottom-suction flocculation tank, and each plume suction port communicates with the inside of the bottom-suction bin through a channel. Flow guiding holes are formed on the partition board. The spiral bottom-suction unit is arranged in the bottom-suction flocculation tank and can continuously send the plume flow in the bottom-suction bin into the flocculation bin. The pump-suction transfer tank is arranged at the upper rear of the bottom-suction flocculation tank, and its bottom communicates with the flocculation bin. A suction pump is provided at the upper rear side of the pump-suction transfer tank. The primary flocculation spraying unit includes a first flocculation storage tank and multiple groups of first nozzles. The first nozzles are arranged at the bottom of the flocculation bin and are connected to the first flocculation storage tank through pipelines. The secondary flocculation spraying unit includes a second flocculation storage tank and multiple flocculation spraying pipes. All the flocculation spraying pipes are arranged at intervals in the middle of the pump-suction transfer tank and are connected to the second flocculation storage tank through pipelines. Two groups of second nozzles are provided on each flocculation spraying pipe. The flow guiding holes are round holes and there are at least two of them. All the flow guiding holes are longitudinally arranged at intervals along the central axis of the partition board. The spiral bottom-suction unit includes propellers that are equal in number and in one-to-one correspondence with the flow guiding holes. Each propeller is equipped with a servo motor. The rotating shaft of the propeller is arranged vertically and is located in the corresponding flow guiding hole. An annular channel for the plume flow to pass through is formed between the side wall of the rotating shaft and the inner wall of the flow guiding hole. The servo motor is arranged on the bottom plate of the bottom-suction flocculation tank, and its output shaft is connected to the lower end of the rotating shaft. The blades of the propeller are located above the partition board and are fixedly installed at the upper end of the rotating shaft. The first flocculation storage tank and the second flocculation storage tank are arranged side by side in front of the pump-suction transfer tank. Input pipes connecting to the surface mother ship are provided at the tops respectively. The surface mother ship transports PAC flocculant into the first flocculation storage tank through the input pipe at its top. At the same time, the surface mother ship can transport APAM flocculant into the second flocculation storage tank through the input pipe at its top.

2. The deep - sea mining plume treatment device based on bottom - suction flocculation according to claim 1, wherein, First bottom suction pipes are respectively provided at the front and rear sides of the bottom of the bottom-suction flocculation tank. Two groups of second bottom suction pipes are symmetrically provided at the left and right sides of the bottom of the bottom-suction flocculation tank. Each group of second bottom suction pipes includes at least two second bottom suction pipes arranged longitudinally at intervals. Both the first and second bottom suction pipes are pipe bodies with flat mouths, and their upper ends are fixedly connected to the bottom of the bottom-suction flocculation tank as a whole. Their lower ports are the plume suction ports and are arranged obliquely outward.

3. The deep-sea mining plume treatment device based on bottom suction flocculation according to claim 2, characterized in that, Two symmetrically arranged plume suction ports are provided at the upper parts of the left and right sides of the bottom-suction flocculation tank. The plume suction ports are long strip-shaped flat mouth structures. The two plume suction ports at the upper parts of the left and right sides of the bottom-suction flocculation tank communicate with the inside of the bottom-suction bin through arc-shaped channels located on the left and right side plates of the bottom-suction flocculation tank. Filter meshes are provided on the inner sides of each plume suction port.

4. The deep - sea mining plume treatment device based on bottom - suction flocculation according to claim 1, wherein, Each group of first nozzles is arranged horizontally and at intervals on the partition board. Each group of first nozzles includes at least two first nozzles arranged longitudinally at intervals. An electromagnetic pump I is provided on the upper part of the flocculation storage tank I. The signal end of the electromagnetic pump I is communicatively connected to the control system. The outlet end of the electromagnetic pump I is connected to a main liquid supply pipe I, and the main liquid supply pipe I is connected and communicated with each first nozzle through a diverter I installed on the partition board.

5. The deep-sea mining plume treatment device based on bottom suction flocculation according to claim 1, wherein Each of the flocculation spraying pipes is longitudinally and horizontally arranged and is correspondingly connected to the outlet end of a diverter II provided on the front side wall of the pump suction and transfer tank one by one. Two groups of second nozzles are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of the flocculation spraying pipe. Each group of second nozzles includes a plurality of second nozzles equally spaced along the axial direction of the flocculation spraying pipe. An electromagnetic pump II is provided on the flocculation storage tank II. The signal end of the electromagnetic pump II is communicatively connected to the control system. The outlet end of the electromagnetic pump II is connected to the inlet end of the diverter II through a main liquid supply pipe II.

6. The deep-sea mining plume treatment device based on bottom suction flocculation according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are at least two suction pumps, which are transversely arranged at intervals in sequence at the rear side of the pump suction and transfer tank. The suction pumps adopt diaphragm pumps, and their inlet ends are connected and communicated with the inside of the pump suction and transfer tank through reducing pipes.

7. The deep-sea mining plume treatment device based on bottom suction flocculation according to claim 6, characterized in that, Exhaust grooves equal in number and corresponding in position to the suction pumps are provided at the upper inner part of the pump suction and transfer tank. The exhaust grooves are U-shaped shells longitudinally and horizontally arranged, and their front and rear ends are respectively fixedly connected to the side walls of the pump suction and transfer tank to form an integral body. A channel for water flow is formed between the upper end and the top wall of the pump suction and transfer tank. A long strip-shaped drain opening is opened at the position adjacent to the upper part of the bottom plate of the exhaust groove in the pump suction and transfer tank. The inside of the exhaust groove is communicated with the reducing pipe through the drain opening.

8. A method for treating deep-sea mining plume, characterized in that, Using the deep-sea mining plume treatment device based on bottom suction flocculation as described in claim 1, the following steps are included: S1, Before the deep-sea mining vehicle moves forward, the propeller and the suction pumps both start to work. The plume stirred up around the vehicle body is continuously sucked into the inside of the bottom suction bin through the plume suction port. The rotation of the propeller creates a pressure difference between the bottom suction bin and the flocculation bin, and the plume in the bottom suction bin continuously enters the flocculation bin through the diversion holes. S2, The PAC flocculant in the flocculation storage tank I is pumped to the first nozzles through pipelines, and the first nozzles spray the PAC flocculant into the flocculation bin. Under the stirring action of the propeller, the PAC flocculant is fully mixed with the plume in the flocculation bin to form flocs. S3, Under the action of the suction pumps, the flocs enter the lower part of the pump suction and transfer tank along with the water flow and move from bottom to top. The APAM flocculant in the flocculation storage tank II is pumped to the second nozzles through pipelines, and the second nozzles spray the APAM flocculant into the pump suction and transfer tank. The APAM flocculant can accelerate the sedimentation of the flocs. S4, When the APAM flocculant makes the flocs move upward with the water flow, they coagulate into large flocculants. After being discharged to the outside of the pump suction and transfer tank through the suction pumps, they can quickly settle to the seabed surface.

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