Lithium battery material cleaning oxygen-free pyrolysis recycling device and method

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of lithium battery material clean oxygen-free pyrolysis recycling device and method, it is related to lithium battery recycling technical field, the device includes cracking box and is arranged in its inside for the heating cylinder of battery waste pyrolysis, the cracking box right side is equipped with the exhaust passage of exhaust, the heating cylinder both ends are rotatably connected with cracking box inner wall by bearing ring, the heating cylinder inner wall is the taper channel of left end small right end big, the heating cylinder outside is equipped with the electric heating coil for providing heat, the present application is designed in view of existing need, lithium battery fragments can be sent into cracking box in batches, air in it can be discharged when entering, material can be tumbled and heated when cracking, and then the cracked material is sorted, dust from organic matter cracking and inorganic matter that cannot be cracked are separated, to facilitate recycling in later period.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lithium battery recycling technology, specifically to a clean, oxygen-free pyrolysis recycling device and method for lithium battery materials. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, waste lithium batteries can be effectively recycled by crushing and recycling to recover zinc-iron alloys or manganese-iron alloys. Simultaneously, metals such as zinc, manganese, and iron stored within the waste lithium batteries can also be recovered, enabling their effective reuse. Traditional pyrolysis furnaces for lithium battery pyrolysis are horizontal structures with the furnace body stationary. Waste lithium batteries are transported through the furnace via a conveyor belt and heated and decomposed during this process. However, in this method, the lithium batteries remain stationary on the conveyor belt, and the portion of the battery in close contact with the belt cannot be effectively heated, resulting in poor pyrolysis performance. Existing patent CN212456884U discloses a waste lithium battery pyrolysis recycling device. However, this recycling device cannot remove oxygen during actual processing, the temperature during pyrolysis is uncontrollable, and the pollution caused by high-temperature combustion is significant. Therefore, this paper provides a clean, oxygen-free pyrolysis recycling device and method for lithium battery materials. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a clean, oxygen-free pyrolysis recovery device and method for lithium battery materials, so as to solve the problems in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0005] A clean, oxygen-free pyrolysis recycling device for lithium battery materials includes a pyrolysis chamber and a heating cylinder disposed therein for pyrolysis of battery waste. The pyrolysis chamber also has an exhaust channel on its right side. The heating cylinder is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber at both ends via bearing rings. The inner wall of the heating cylinder is a tapered channel, smaller at the left end and larger at the right end. An electric heating coil for providing heat is provided on the outer side of the heating cylinder. A feeding component for adding materials is provided at the left end of the pyrolysis chamber. A screening and collection component for sorting the pyrolyzed materials is provided on the lower right side of the pyrolysis chamber. An oxygen venting component is also provided at the feeding position of the pyrolysis chamber to expel air from the materials to achieve pyrolysis.

[0006] Based on the above technical solutions, the present invention also provides the following optional technical solutions:

[0007] In one alternative embodiment: the feeding component includes a feeding channel located at the upper left end of the pyrolysis chamber, with a buffer trough at the upper end of the feeding channel. A rotating roller is fitted inside the buffer trough, and the rotating roller is connected to a drive motor for rotating it. The drive motor is located outside the feeding channel. A reversing component for rotating the heating cylinder is also provided outside the rotating roller. The surface of the rotating roller is provided with at least one filling port. A guide plate for guiding the material into the heating cylinder is provided on the left side inside the pyrolysis chamber.

[0008] In one alternative: the oxygen venting component includes a pipeline channel located at the left end of the rotating roller, in which a gas guide pipe is provided. The bottom of the filling port is provided with a vent hole communicating with the gas guide pipe. The left end of the gas guide pipe is connected to a gas filling unit for filling it with gas. The gas filling unit can provide it with sufficient inert gas, which is nitrogen or carbon dioxide.

[0009] In one alternative embodiment: the inflation unit includes a piston inflation cylinder disposed on the upper left side of the pyrolysis chamber, a piston blowing block slidably disposed inside the piston inflation cylinder, a one-way air inlet pipe disposed on the lower left side of the piston blowing block, the one-way air inlet pipe being connected to a gas storage tank, a one-way exhaust pipe of the piston inflation cylinder being connected to a buffer tank, the buffer tank being rotatably disposed outside the air guide pipe, an air inlet notch being provided on the surface of the air guide pipe where the buffer tank is located, a piston blowing block slidably disposed inside the piston inflation cylinder, the lower end of the piston blowing block being connected and fixed to the bottom of the piston inflation cylinder by a return spring, the upper end of the piston blowing block being connected to a lower pressure block by a connecting rod, and an eccentric wheel for pressing the surface of the lower pressure block being provided at the left end of the air guide pipe.

[0010] In one alternative: the reversing assembly includes an annular groove disposed on the outer side of the right end of the reversing roller, in which an internal toothed ring is fitted. A guide block for sealing the annular groove is provided on the lower side of the buffer trough. The internal toothed ring meshes with a transmission gear, which is rotatably disposed on the inner wall of the vertical channel. A driven toothed ring meshing with the transmission gear is provided on the left end of the heating cylinder.

[0011] In one alternative embodiment: the screening and collecting component includes a screening box located at the discharge port on the right end of the pyrolysis chamber. Inside the screening box, there is a conical filter plate for screening materials. At the lower port of the screening box, there is a second discharge channel. At the lower end of the second discharge channel, there is a second collecting box for collecting powder. On the left side of the screening box, there is a first discharge channel for discharging materials. At the end of the first discharge channel, there is a first collecting box for collecting lumpy materials.

[0012] In one alternative embodiment: the pyrolysis chamber on the right side of the heating cylinder is further provided with a receiving hopper for guiding the material. The lower end of the receiving hopper is fixedly connected to the rotating vertical cylinder. The rotating vertical cylinder is rotatably disposed at the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber. The rotating vertical cylinder is coaxially arranged with the conical filter plate. The lower end of the rotating vertical cylinder is provided with a connecting rod. The end of the connecting rod is provided with a scraper that cooperates with the surface of the conical filter plate. A transmission assembly is provided between the receiving hopper and the heating cylinder.

[0013] In one alternative: the transmission assembly includes a friction driven ring disposed at the upper end of the receiving hopper, and an active friction ring that contacts the friction driven ring is disposed on the outer side of the right end of the heating cylinder.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0015] This application addresses existing needs by designing a method to feed lithium battery fragments into a pyrolysis chamber in batches. Air can be vented during entry, and the material can be tumbled and heated during pyrolysis. The pyrolyzed material is then sorted to separate the dust from organic matter from the inorganic matter that cannot be pyrolyzed, facilitating subsequent recycling. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of one side of the invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure on the other side of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A magnified view of a portion of the structure.

[0020] Figure reference numerals: 11. Pyrolysis box; 12. Active friction ring; 13. Tilting plate; 14. Heating cylinder; 15. Electric heating coil; 16. Driven gear ring; 17. Transmission gear; 18. Drive motor; 19. Buffer trough; 20. Filling port; 21. Air guide pipe; 22. Eccentric wheel; 23. Air inlet; 24. Lower pressure block; 25. Buffer box; 26. Piston blowing block; 27. Piston charging cylinder; 28. Guide inclined plate; 29. ​​Scraper; 30. First discharge channel; 31. First collection box; 32. Second collection box; 33. Second discharge channel; 34. Conical filter plate; 35. Screening box; 36. Rotating vertical cylinder; 37. Receiving hopper. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0022] In one embodiment, such as Figures 1-4 As shown, a clean oxygen-free pyrolysis recycling device for lithium battery materials includes a pyrolysis chamber 11 and a heating cylinder 14 disposed inside it for pyrolysis of battery waste. The pyrolysis chamber 11 also has an exhaust channel on the right side. The two ends of the heating cylinder 14 are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber 11 through bearing rings. The inner wall of the heating cylinder 14 is a conical channel with a smaller left end and a larger right end. An electric heating coil 15 for providing heat is provided on the outside of the heating cylinder 14. The electric heating coil 15 can be induction heating or current thermal effect heating. A feeding component for feeding is provided on the left end of the pyrolysis chamber 11. A screening and collection component for sorting the pyrolyzed material is provided on the lower right side of the pyrolysis chamber 11. An oxygen venting component for venting air from the material to achieve pyrolysis is also provided at the feeding position of the pyrolysis chamber 11, which provides a basis for subsequent oxygen-free pyrolysis.

[0023] The feeding component includes a feeding channel located at the upper left end of the pyrolysis chamber 11. A buffer trough 19 is provided at the upper end of the feeding channel. A rotating roller is fitted inside the buffer trough 19. The rotating roller is connected to a drive motor 18 for rotating it. The drive motor 18 is located outside the feeding channel. A reversing component for rotating the heating cylinder 14 is also provided outside the rotating roller. At least one filling port 20 is provided on the surface of the rotating roller. When the filling port 20 is located at the top, the material will fill into it. This feeding method can ensure that the material is not too much at one time, ensuring sufficient pyrolysis. At the same time, it also prevents outside air from entering, thus providing a certain degree of sealing. A guide plate 28 for guiding the material into the heating cylinder 14 is provided on the left side inside the pyrolysis chamber 11.

[0024] The oxygen venting component includes a pipeline channel located at the left end of the rotating roller, in which a gas guide pipe is provided. The bottom of the filling port 20 is provided with a vent hole that communicates with the gas guide pipe, so that the air at the bottom of the buffer tank 19 will be vented, thereby ensuring that the incoming material carries very little oxygen. The left end of the gas guide pipe is connected to an inflation unit for inflation, through which sufficient inert gas, such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide, can be provided.

[0025] The inflation unit includes a piston inflation cylinder 27 disposed on the upper left side of the pyrolysis chamber 11. A piston blowing block 26 is slidably disposed inside the piston inflation cylinder 27. A one-way air inlet pipe is provided on the lower left side of the piston blowing block 26, and the one-way air inlet pipe is connected to a gas storage tank. The one-way exhaust pipe of the piston inflation cylinder 27 is connected to a buffer tank 25. The buffer tank 25 is rotatably disposed outside the air guide pipe 21. An air inlet notch 23 is provided on the surface of the air guide pipe where the buffer tank 25 is located. A piston blowing block 26 is slidably disposed inside the piston inflation cylinder 27. The lower end of the piston blowing block 26 is connected and fixed to the bottom of the piston inflation cylinder 27 via a return spring. The upper end of the piston blowing block 26 is connected to the lower pressure block 24 via a connecting rod. The left end of the air guide pipe is provided with an eccentric wheel 22 for pressing the surface of the lower pressure block 24. When the rotating roller rotates, the air guide pipe will also rotate. The eccentric wheel 22 at the end of the air guide pipe will intermittently exert force on the lower pressure block 24. With the reset of the return spring, inert gas can be continuously sent into the buffer tank 19, thereby providing a gas source for removing oxygen.

[0026] The reversing assembly includes an annular groove located on the outer side of the right end of the reversing roller. An internal toothed ring is fitted in the annular groove. A guide block is provided on the lower side of the buffer trough 19 to block the annular groove and prevent material from entering the annular groove. The internal toothed ring meshes with the transmission gear 17. The transmission gear 17 is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the vertical channel. A driven toothed ring 16 that meshes with the transmission gear 17 is provided on the left end of the heating cylinder 14. In this way, when the rotating roller rotates, the transmission gear 17 will also rotate with it. Thus, the transmission gear 17 drives the heating cylinder 14 to reverse through the driven toothed ring 16, thereby making the pyrolysis of the material more complete.

[0027] The screening and collection component includes a screening box 35 located at the discharge port on the right side of the pyrolysis box 11. Inside the screening box 35, there is a conical filter plate 34 for screening materials. A second discharge channel 33 is located at the lower end of the screening box 35. A second collection box 32 for collecting powder is located at the lower end of the second discharge channel 33. The powder here is generally the product of pyrolysis of organic matter. A first discharge channel 30 for discharging material is located on the left side of the screening box 35. A first collection box 31 for collecting lumpy material is located at the end of the first discharge channel 30. Half of the lumpy material here is inorganic material that cannot be pyrolyzed, such as the electrode plates of a battery.

[0028] The pyrolysis chamber 11 on the right side of the heating cylinder 14 is also equipped with a receiving hopper 37 for guiding materials. The lower end of the receiving hopper 37 is fixedly connected to the rotating vertical cylinder 36. The rotating vertical cylinder 36 is rotatably mounted at the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber 11. The rotating vertical cylinder 36 is coaxially arranged with the conical filter plate 34. The lower end of the rotating vertical cylinder 36 is provided with a connecting rod. The end of the connecting rod is provided with a scraper 29 that cooperates with the surface of the conical filter plate 34. A transmission assembly is provided between the receiving hopper 37 and the heating cylinder 14. The transmission assembly drives the receiving hopper 37 to rotate, so that the material on the surface of the conical filter plate 34 can be moved so that the material can smoothly enter the first collection box 31.

[0029] The transmission assembly includes a friction driven ring disposed at the upper end of the receiving hopper 37, and an active friction ring 12 that contacts the friction driven ring is disposed on the outer side of the right end of the heating cylinder 14. In this way, when the heating cylinder 14 rotates, the friction between the active friction ring 12 and the friction driven ring will drive the receiving hopper 37 to rotate, thereby providing power for the rotation of the receiving hopper 37.

[0030] The above embodiment discloses a clean, oxygen-free pyrolysis recovery device for lithium battery materials. In actual use, the material to be processed is added to the buffer tank 19. The material at the bottom fills the filling port 20. Driven by the drive motor 18, the rotating roller flips, thereby sending the material in the filling port 20 into the pyrolysis chamber 11. During loading, the oxygen venting component removes air from the filling port 20, preparing for subsequent pyrolysis. When the material enters the pyrolysis chamber 11, the guide plate 28 feeds the material into the heating cylinder 14. The electric heating coil 15 provides the heat for pyrolysis to the heating cylinder 14. The tumbling action of the heating cylinder 14 makes the pyrolysis of the material more uniform. Since the heating cylinder 14 has a conical channel inside, the material tumbles and moves to the right. The pyrolyzed material is then collected by the receiving hopper 37 and slides into the screening box 35 along the rotating vertical cylinder 36. After being screened by the conical filter plate 34, the pyrolyzed powdery material enters the second collection box 32, while the material that cannot be pyrolyzed enters the first collection box 31 along the first discharge channel 30. The transmission assembly drives the receiving hopper 37 to rotate, which can move the material on the surface of the conical filter plate 34 so that the material can smoothly enter the first collection box 31.

[0031] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this disclosure, but the scope of protection of this disclosure is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this disclosure should be included within the scope of protection of this disclosure. Therefore, the scope of protection of this disclosure should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A clean, oxygen-free pyrolysis recycling device for lithium battery materials, comprising a pyrolysis chamber (11) and a heating cylinder (14) disposed therein for pyrolysis of battery waste, wherein the pyrolysis chamber (11) is further provided with an exhaust channel for exhausting air, characterized in that, The heating cylinder (14) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the pyrolysis chamber (11) through bearing rings at both ends. The inner wall of the heating cylinder (14) is a conical channel with a smaller left end and a larger right end. An electric heating coil (15) for providing heat is provided on the outside of the heating cylinder (14). A feeding component for feeding is provided on the left end of the pyrolysis chamber (11). A screening and collection component for sorting the pyrolyzed material is provided on the lower right side of the pyrolysis chamber (11). An oxygen venting component for venting air from the material to achieve pyrolysis is also provided at the feeding position of the pyrolysis chamber (11). The feeding component includes a feeding channel located at the upper left end of the pyrolysis chamber (11). The upper end of the feeding channel is provided with a buffer trough (19). A rotating roller is provided inside the buffer trough (19). The rotating roller is connected to a drive motor (18) for driving its rotation. The drive motor (18) is located outside the feeding channel. A reversing component for driving the heating cylinder (14) to rotate is also provided outside the rotating roller. At least one filling port (20) is provided on the surface of the rotating roller. A guide plate (28) for guiding the material into the heating cylinder (14) is provided on the left side inside the pyrolysis chamber (11). The oxygen exhaust component includes a pipeline channel located at the left end of the rotating roller, in which a gas guide pipe is provided. The bottom of the filling port (20) is provided with a vent hole communicating with the gas guide pipe. The left end of the gas guide pipe is connected to a gas filling unit for filling it with gas. The gas filling unit provides it with sufficient inert gas, which is nitrogen or carbon dioxide. The inflation unit includes a piston inflation cylinder (27) located on the upper left side of the pyrolysis box (11). A piston blowing block (26) is slidably disposed inside the piston inflation cylinder (27). A one-way air inlet pipe is provided on the lower left side of the piston blowing block (26), which is connected to the gas storage tank. The one-way exhaust pipe of the piston inflation cylinder (27) is connected to the buffer box (25). The buffer box (25) is rotatably disposed outside the air guide pipe (21). An air inlet notch (23) is provided on the surface of the air guide pipe where the buffer box (25) is located. The lower end of the piston blowing block (26) is connected and fixed to the bottom of the piston inflation cylinder (27) through a reset spring. The upper end of the piston blowing block (26) is connected to the lower pressure block (24) through a connecting rod. An eccentric wheel (22) is provided on the left end of the air guide pipe for pressing the surface of the lower pressure block (24). When the rotating roller rotates, the air guide pipe will also rotate together.

2. The clean oxygen-free pyrolysis recovery device for lithium battery materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reversing assembly includes an annular groove located on the outer side of the right end of the rotating roller. An internal toothed ring is fitted in the annular groove. A guide block for sealing the annular groove is provided on the lower side of the buffer trough (19). The internal toothed ring meshes with the transmission gear (17). The transmission gear (17) is rotatably mounted on the inner wall of the vertical channel. A driven toothed ring (16) meshes with the transmission gear (17) at the left end of the heating cylinder (14). When the rotating roller rotates, the transmission gear (17) also rotates together.

3. The clean oxygen-free pyrolysis recovery device for lithium battery materials according to claim 2, characterized in that, The screening and collection component includes a screening box (35) located at the discharge port on the right side of the pyrolysis box (11). Inside the screening box (35) is a conical filter plate (34) for screening materials. A second discharge channel (33) is located at the lower port of the screening box (35). A second collection box (32) for collecting powder is located at the lower end of the second discharge channel (33). A first discharge channel (30) for discharging materials is located on the left side of the screening box (35). A first collection box (31) for collecting lumpy materials is located at the end of the first discharge channel (30).

4. The clean oxygen-free pyrolysis recovery device for lithium battery materials according to claim 3, characterized in that, The pyrolysis chamber (11) on the right side of the heating cylinder (14) is also provided with a receiving hopper (37) for guiding the material. The lower end of the receiving hopper (37) is fixedly connected to the rotating vertical cylinder (36). The rotating vertical cylinder (36) is rotatably set at the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber (11). The rotating vertical cylinder (36) is coaxially set with the conical filter plate (34). The lower end of the rotating vertical cylinder (36) is provided with a connecting rod. The end of the connecting rod is provided with a scraper (29) that cooperates with the surface of the conical filter plate (34). A transmission assembly is provided between the receiving hopper (37) and the heating cylinder (14).

5. The clean oxygen-free pyrolysis recovery device for lithium battery materials according to claim 4, characterized in that, The transmission assembly includes a friction driven ring disposed at the upper end of the receiving hopper (37), and an active friction ring (12) that contacts the friction driven ring is disposed on the outer side of the right end of the heating cylinder (14).

6. A method of using the clean, oxygen-free pyrolysis recovery device for lithium battery materials according to any one of claims 4-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Add the material to be processed to the buffer tank (19). The material at the bottom will be filled into the filling port (20). Driven by the drive motor (18), the rotating roller will flip, thereby sending the material in the filling port (20) into the pyrolysis box (11). Step 2: During loading, the oxygen venting component removes the air from the loading port (20) to prepare for the subsequent pyrolysis. When the material enters the pyrolysis chamber (11), the guide plate (28) will send the material into the heating cylinder (14). The electric heating coil (15) provides the heat for pyrolysis to the heating cylinder (14). The tumbling of the heating cylinder (14) will make the material pyrolyze more evenly. Since the heating cylinder (14) has a conical channel inside, the material will tumble and move to the right. Step 3: The pyrolysis material will then be collected by the receiving hopper (37) and then slide into the screening box (35) along the rotating vertical cylinder (36). After being screened by the conical filter plate (34), the pyrolyzed powdery material will enter the second collection box (32), and the material that cannot be pyrolyzed will enter the first collection box (31) along the first discharge channel (30).

Images