A recovery device for hypervelocity impact experimental samples

Abstract

The application provides a recovery device for a sample of a super-high-speed collision experiment, comprising a recovery cylinder for mounting a sample cabin, wherein a containing cavity for being configured with a high-speed collision object is arranged in the sample cabin, a protective layer and a damping energy-absorbing layer are arranged between the sample cabin and the recovery cylinder, the upper end of the recovery cylinder is movably mounted on a support through a rotating shaft, and the lower end is fixedly connected with the support through a fastener. During the recovery experiment, when a super-high-speed projectile is pushed into the containing cavity of the sample cabin, the damping energy-absorbing layer first plays a buffering and energy-absorbing role under the action of a large impact force, then the fastener on the support bears a large impact force, and then the fastener on the support is brittlely broken. Since the recovery cylinder containing the sample cabin is rotatably connected with the support, the recovery cylinder swings on the support, and the remaining energy of the collision is absorbed through the rotation of the recovery cylinder. At this time, the recovery cylinder avoids secondary collision through rotation, and greatly guarantees the quality of the experimental sample.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of impact dynamics and shock wave physics, and more specifically, to a recovery device for samples from ultra-high-speed collision experiments. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the study of the physicochemical properties of substances under high temperature and high pressure, such as synthesis, decomposition, phase transition, activation, and superconductivity, can be conducted using static high-pressure and dynamic high-pressure experimental techniques, with the aid of modern materials analysis and testing technologies to analyze and characterize the recovered substances. Static high-pressure experimental equipment, such as piston cylinders, large-cavity presses, and diamond anvil cells, easily facilitates the recovery of experimental samples. Dynamic high-pressure equipment, such as light gas cannons, chemical explosion loading devices, and magnetic drive loading devices, generates high-temperature and high-pressure conditions through high-speed collisions, with collision speeds ranging from a few meters per second to several kilometers per second. The resulting transient pressures can exceed 100 GPa, and the transient temperatures can exceed 5000 K. Under such harsh conditions, recovering the experimental samples is extremely difficult.

[0003] Early researchers used the "momentum trap" principle to recover samples after high-speed collision experiments. A "momentum trap" consists of three to five pieces of the same material placed behind the sample, depending on their thickness. After a high-speed impact, the momentum is absorbed by the momentum trap, separating the sample from the trap and preventing secondary collisions. This type of sample recovery device can handle low-speed collisions (<1 km / s). However, for high-speed and ultra-high-speed collisions, the strong energy generated during the collision makes it difficult to recover the sample using the momentum trap principle. Later, researchers designed buffer materials with varying wave impedance gradients as energy-absorbing materials. This allows the sample target to be subjected to only low-pressure oblique wave loading during deceleration until its speed reaches zero. The selection of the buffer material and the number of layers require precise design based on the maximum impact force of each experiment, consuming a significant amount of time and increasing experimental costs.

[0004] Therefore, for experimental technicians involved in the fields of impact dynamics and shock wave physics, how to successfully recover experimental samples from high-speed and ultra-high-speed collisions has become an important technical problem that urgently needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a highly versatile, simple structure that can avoid secondary collisions and achieve impact pressures below 100 GPa for the recovery of samples from ultra-high-speed collision experiments.

[0006] This invention is implemented as follows:

[0007] This invention provides a recovery device for samples from ultra-high-speed collision experiments, characterized in that: it includes a recovery cylinder for mounting a sample chamber, the sample chamber having a receiving cavity for being configured with the high-speed collision material, a protective layer and a damping energy-absorbing layer being installed between the sample chamber and the recovery cylinder, the upper end of the recovery cylinder being movably mounted on a support via a rotating shaft, and the lower end being fixedly connected to the support via fasteners.

[0008] According to the above technical solution, the protective layer includes a sleeve for mounting outside the sample chamber and a protective sleeve mounted outside the sleeve. The protective sleeve is a cylindrical structure with openings at both ends, and a damping energy-absorbing layer is installed between the bottom of the protective sleeve and the recovery cylinder.

[0009] According to the above technical solution, the damping energy absorption layer includes a buffer sheet and a vacuum seal.

[0010] According to the above technical solution, the sample chamber is provided with an opening, which is sealed by a sample cover.

[0011] According to the above technical solution, the opening is located at the receiving cavity.

[0012] According to the above technical solution, both the sample chamber and the sample cover are made of copper. The inner diameter of the sample chamber is larger than the outer diameter of the high-speed impactor. The depth of the sample chamber is greater than the length of the high-speed impactor. The diameter of the sample cover is smaller than the diameter of the high-speed impactor.

[0013] According to the above technical solution, the sleeve is made of polyethylene plastic, the sample chamber is fitted with the sleeve, the depth of the sleeve is the same as the length of the sample chamber, and the wall thickness of the sleeve is not less than 3 mm.

[0014] According to the above technical solution, the wall thickness of the protective sleeve is not less than 5 mm, the buffer sheet is inserted into the bottom opening of the protective sleeve before the sleeve is installed, and the depth of the protective sleeve is equal to the sum of the length of the sleeve and the total thickness of the buffer sheet.

[0015] According to the above technical solution, the recovery cylinder is made of steel, the protective sleeve and the vacuum sealing mud are loaded into the recovery cylinder, the vacuum sealing mud filling amount is 20%-30% of the volume of the recovery cylinder, and the sum of the length of the protective sleeve and the thickness of the vacuum sealing mud does not exceed the depth of the recovery cylinder.

[0016] According to the above technical solution, the bracket includes a bracket base and a bracket upright plate installed on the bracket base. Bracket reinforcing ribs and bracket fixing holes are respectively provided on both sides of the bracket upright plate. The bracket upright plate is welded to the bracket base by welding process and reinforced by welding with the bracket reinforcing ribs.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0018] 1. During the recovery experiment, when the hypersonic sabot is pushed into the sample chamber, under the influence of a large impact force, the damping energy-absorbing layer first acts as a buffer, followed by the fasteners on the support bearing the significant impact force. Subsequently, the fasteners on the support break brittlely. Because the recovery cylinder containing the sample chamber is rotatably connected to the support, the recovery cylinder swings on the support, absorbing some of the remaining energy from the collision through its rotation. At this time, the rotation of the recovery cylinder prevents secondary collisions, greatly ensuring the quality of the experimental sample.

[0019] 2. This invention is highly versatile and widely applicable, suitable for impact collision platforms such as primary gas cannons, secondary gas cannons, miniature table guns, hydrogen-oxygen cannons, and chemical explosion loading devices. It eliminates the need for redesign based on the maximum impact force of each experiment, reducing manpower and time costs, thereby lowering experimental costs. Its simple structure facilitates assembly and operation; experimental personnel require no training and can operate it simply by following the assembly instructions. Using this invention's ultra-high-speed collision experiment sample recovery device, samples from ultra-high-speed collision experiments with impact pressures below 100 GPa can be recovered. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a sample recovery device for ultra-high-speed collision experiments according to the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the recycling cylinder structure described in this invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the recycling cylinder described in this invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the support structure described in this invention;

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the recycling cylinder and the support frame according to the present invention.

[0026] The markings in the diagram are: 101-Sample chamber, 102-Sample cover, 103-Sleeve, 104-Cylinder, 105-Buffer plate, 106-Vacuum seal, 107-Recovery cylinder, 108-Support, 109-Steel shaft, 110-Positioning pin, 111-Spear, 201-Steel cylinder, 202-Recovery cylinder upright plate, 203-Recovery cylinder through hole, 204-Recovery cylinder positioning hole, 301-Support base, 302-Support upright plate, 303-Support reinforcing rib, 304-Support through hole, 305-Support positioning hole, 306-Support fixing hole. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0028] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0029] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0030] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product is in use. These terms are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0031] Furthermore, terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," and "sag" do not imply that components must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that they can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0032] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0033] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0034] The features and performance of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a recovery device for samples from ultra-high-speed collision experiments, including a recovery cylinder 107 for mounting a sample chamber 101. The sample chamber 101 is provided with a receiving cavity for being configured with the high-speed collision material. A protective layer and a damping energy-absorbing layer are installed between the sample chamber 101 and the recovery cylinder 107. The upper end of the recovery cylinder 107 is movably mounted on a bracket 108 via a rotating shaft, and the lower end is fixedly connected to the bracket 108 via fasteners.

[0036] During the recovery experiment, when the hypersonic sabot 111 is pushed into the receiving cavity of the sample chamber 101, under the action of a large impact force, the damping energy-absorbing layer first acts as a buffer and absorbs energy, followed by the fasteners on the support 108 bearing a large impact force, and then the fasteners on the support break brittlely. Since the recovery cylinder 107 containing the sample chamber 101 is rotatably connected to the support, the recovery cylinder 107 swings on the support 108, absorbing some of the remaining energy from the collision through the rotation of the recovery cylinder. At this time, the recovery cylinder 107 avoids secondary collisions by rotating, greatly ensuring the quality of the experimental sample.

[0037] In this embodiment, the protective layer includes a sleeve 103 for mounting over the sample chamber 101 and a protective sleeve 104 for mounting over the sleeve 103. The protective sleeve 104 is a cylindrical structure with openings at both ends. A damping energy-absorbing layer is installed between the protective sleeve 104 and the bottom of the recovery cylinder 107. The damping energy-absorbing layer includes a buffer sheet 105 and a vacuum sealing mud 106.

[0038] In this embodiment, the sample chamber 101 has an opening located at the receiving cavity. This opening is sealed by a sample cover 102. Both the sample chamber 101 and the sample cover 102 are made of copper. The sample chamber 101 is fitted with the experimental sample and sealed with the sample cover 102, which is then bonded and fixed using instant adhesive 502. The inner diameter of the receiving cavity of the sample chamber is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the ejector 111, the depth of the receiving cavity of the sample chamber 101 exceeds the length of the ejector 109, and the diameter of the sample cover 102 is smaller than the diameter of the ejector 111.

[0039] The sample chamber 101 is installed inside the sleeve 103 and fixed with instant adhesive 502. The sleeve 103 is made of high-density polyethylene with a wall thickness of 5 mm. The depth of the sleeve 103 is the same as the length of the sample chamber 101.

[0040] The outer diameter of the sleeve 103 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the protective sleeve 104. Both the protective sleeve 104 and the buffer plate 105 are made of No. 45 steel. The buffer plate 105 is 5 mm thick. The two buffer plates 105 are stacked together and inserted into the bottom of the protective sleeve 104 and fixed with instant adhesive 502. The sleeve 103 is inserted into the protective sleeve 104 and fixed with instant adhesive 502. The sum of the length of the sleeve 103 and the thickness of the two buffer plates is equal to the depth of the protective sleeve 104. The sleeve 103, the protective sleeve 104 and the buffer plate 105 are made of different materials and then assembled, rather than being formed in one piece. This allows them to absorb more energy through their respective deformation.

[0041] The vacuum sealing mud 106 uses No. 30 vacuum sealing mud, which is placed at the bottom of the recovery cylinder 107. The amount of vacuum sealing mud 106 is 20% of the volume of the recovery cylinder 107. If too little vacuum sealing mud is placed, the buffering effect will be poor. If too much sealing mud is placed, it will be impacted and splashed around and difficult to clean. The outer diameter of the protective cylinder 104 is slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the recovery cylinder 107. The protective cylinder 104 is placed into the recovery cylinder 107 and fixed with instant adhesive 502. The sum of the length of the protective cylinder 104 and the thickness of the vacuum sealing mud 106 is less than 10 mm of the depth of the recovery cylinder.

[0042] like Figure 2 , 3As shown, the recycling cylinder 107 is made of 45# steel. The recycling cylinder 107 includes a recycling cylinder upright plate 202 and a hollow steel cylinder 201 disposed within the upright plate 202. A recycling cylinder through hole 203 is provided at the upper end of the upright plate 202, and a recycling cylinder positioning hole 204 is provided at the lower end. The center of the steel cylinder 201 is located one-third of the way below the centerline of the upright plate 202. The steel cylinder 201 and the upright plate 202 are welded together as a single unit. The steel cylinder 201 extends the same length from the front and rear of the upright plate 202.

[0043] like Figure 4 , 5 As shown, in this embodiment, the bracket 108 includes a bracket base 301 and a bracket upright plate 302 mounted on the bracket base 301. Bracket reinforcing ribs 303 and bracket fixing holes 306 are respectively provided on both sides of the bracket upright plate 302. The bracket upright plate 302 is welded to the bracket base 301 using a welding process and reinforced by the bracket reinforcing ribs 303.

[0044] The recycling cylinder 107 and the support 108 are connected as follows: the upper end of the recycling cylinder is connected to the two support plates 302 by inserting a steel shaft 109 into the support through hole 304, and the lower end is fixedly connected by installing a positioning pin 110 in the support positioning hole 305. The steel shaft 109 is made of 45# steel, and its diameter is slightly smaller than the diameter of the support through hole 304. The steel shaft 109 passes through the support through hole 304 and the recycling cylinder through hole 203 to connect the recycling cylinder 107 to the support 108, allowing the recycling cylinder 107 to swing between the two supports 108. The positioning pin 110 is made of plexiglass. The diameter of the positioning pin 110 is smaller than the diameter of the positioning hole 305 of the bracket. The positioning pin 110 is used to vertically fix the recovery cylinder 107 on the bracket 108. The bracket 108 is fixed in the target chamber by bolts through the bracket fixing hole 306. The position of the bracket 108 is adjusted so that the center line of the sample chamber 101 is aligned with the flight center line of the sabot 109.

[0045] This invention is highly versatile and widely applicable, suitable for impact and collision platforms such as primary gas cannons, secondary gas cannons, miniature table guns, hydrogen-oxygen cannons, and chemical explosion loading devices. It eliminates the need for redesign based on the maximum impact force of each experiment, reducing manpower and time costs, thereby lowering experimental costs. Its simple structure facilitates assembly and operation; experimental personnel require no training and can operate it simply by following the assembly instructions. Using this invention's ultra-high-speed collision experiment sample recovery device, samples from ultra-high-speed collision experiments with impact pressures below 100 GPa can be recovered.

[0046] The embodiments described above are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A recovery device for samples from ultra-high-speed collision experiments, characterized in that: The device includes a recovery cylinder for mounting a sample chamber, the sample chamber having a receiving cavity for accommodating a high-speed impact phase, a protective layer and a damping energy-absorbing layer installed between the sample chamber and the recovery cylinder, the damping energy-absorbing layer including a buffer sheet and vacuum sealing mud, the protective layer including a sleeve for fitting around the sample chamber and a protective sleeve fitted around the sleeve, the upper end of the recovery cylinder being movably mounted on a support via a rotating shaft, and the lower end being fixedly connected to the support via fasteners, the fasteners being locating pins made of plexiglass, which fracture brittlely under impact.

2. The recovery device for ultra-high-speed collision test samples according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protective casing is a cylindrical structure with openings at both ends, and a damping energy-absorbing layer is installed between the bottom of the protective casing and the recovery cylinder.

3. The recovery device for ultra-high-speed collision test samples according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The sample chamber has an opening that is sealed by a sample cover.

4. The recovery device for ultra-high-speed collision test samples according to claim 3, characterized in that: The opening is located in the receiving cavity.

5. The recovery device for ultra-high-speed collision test samples according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Both the sample chamber and the sample cover are made of copper. The inner diameter of the sample chamber is larger than the outer diameter of the high-speed impactor, the depth of the sample chamber is greater than the length of the high-speed impactor, and the diameter of the sample cover is smaller than the diameter of the high-speed impactor.

6. The recovery device for ultra-high-speed collision test samples according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sleeve is made of polyethylene plastic, the sample chamber is fitted with the sleeve, the depth of the sleeve is the same as the length of the sample chamber, and the wall thickness of the sleeve is not less than 3 mm.

7. The recovery device for ultra-high-speed collision test samples according to claim 2, characterized in that: The wall thickness of the protective sleeve is not less than 5 mm. The buffer sheet is inserted into the bottom opening of the protective sleeve before the sleeve is installed. The depth of the protective sleeve is equal to the sum of the length of the sleeve and the total thickness of the buffer sheet.

8. The recovery device for ultra-high-speed collision test samples according to claim 2, characterized in that: The recovery cylinder is made of steel. The protective sleeve and the vacuum sealing mud are loaded into the recovery cylinder. The vacuum sealing mud filling amount is 20%-30% of the volume of the recovery cylinder. The sum of the length of the protective sleeve and the thickness of the vacuum sealing mud does not exceed the depth of the recovery cylinder.

9. The recovery device for ultra-high-speed collision test samples according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bracket includes a bracket base and a bracket upright plate mounted on the bracket base. Bracket reinforcing ribs and bracket fixing holes are provided on both sides of the bracket upright plate. The bracket upright plate is welded to the bracket base by welding process and reinforced by the bracket reinforcing ribs.

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