Automatic loading and reinforcing method for slope varying with water level

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of automatic loading reinforcement methods of slope with water level change, utilize reservoir water rising submerging buoyancy device, utilize the buoyancy of buoyancy device, pull the tension end of anchor cable main body, exert the pull force to the outer anchoring segment by the locking end of anchor cable main body to the slope, to improve the prestress of anchor cable, reinforce the slope.The application provides a kind of automatic loading reinforcement methods of slope with water level change, can automatically exert tension load along with the rising of reservoir water, effectively maintain or increase the prestress of anchor cable, improve the stability of bank slope.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of reservoir bank slope protection and prevention, and in particular to a method for automatically loading and reinforcing slopes as water levels change. Background Technology

[0002] Deformation and failure of reservoir bank slopes often cause enormous losses to public safety and people's lives and property. Among various forms of failure such as collapses and landslides, changes in reservoir water level are often a crucial factor inducing slopes to develop in an unstable direction. During the rising reservoir water stage, the reservoir water submerges the toe of the landslide. The upward buoyancy force generated by the reservoir water reduces the pressure at the toe, thus lowering the resistance to sliding at the toe of the landslide. At the same time, the softening effect of the reservoir water gradually reduces the shear strength of the soil and rock. Under the combined effect of these two factors, the stability of the reservoir bank slope is easily reduced, or even unstable and failed.

[0003] To improve the stability of reservoir bank slopes, prestressed anchor cables are a commonly used engineering protection measure, and they are highly effective in controlling slope deformation and ensuring slope stability. However, due to the relatively loose soil and rock structure of reservoir bank slopes, and the long-term cyclical rise and fall of reservoir water levels leading to the deterioration of the physical and mechanical properties of the soil and rock, the soil and rock within the anchorage range undergoes large deformation, which in turn causes the prestress of the prestressed anchor cables to gradually decrease, thus weakening the reinforcement effect. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for automatically loading and reinforcing slopes according to water level changes. This method is convenient to construct, involves a small amount of engineering work, causes minimal disturbance to the original soil of the bank slope, and can automatically apply tension loads as the reservoir water rises, effectively maintaining or increasing the prestress of the anchor cables and improving the stability of the bank slope.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A method for automatically loading and reinforcing slopes according to water level changes utilizes the rising reservoir water to submerge a buoyancy device. The buoyancy of the buoyancy device pulls the tension end of the anchor cable body, and the locking end of the anchor cable body applies a tension force inward to the slope to the outer anchoring section, thereby increasing the prestress of the anchor cable and reinforcing the slope.

[0007] A method for automatically loading and reinforcing slopes in response to water level changes includes the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Design the specific parameters of the lattice beam containing anchor cables, buoyancy devices, fixed anchor cables, and buoyancy devices. The specific parameters of the components can be determined according to the actual scale of the project. The anchor cables are prefabricated and fixed pulleys are installed at the connection between the free section and the inner anchorage section. They have been rust-proofed.

[0009] Step 2, Material and Equipment Preparation: Transport the prefabricated anchor cables, buoyancy devices, lattice beams, and drilling rigs and other construction equipment to the construction site;

[0010] Step 3: Clean the bank slope: Clean and repair the bank slope, remove gravel, weeds and other debris that may affect subsequent construction, and clear the working surface to facilitate subsequent construction.

[0011] Step 4, Measurement and Layout: Measure and lay out the lines on the bank slope and mark the positions of each anchor cable;

[0012] Step 5, Drilling: Based on the measured hole positions on the slope, accurately install and fix the drilling rig, and strictly and carefully adjust the machine position. The hole diameter and depth must not be less than the design value, and drill holes according to the reserved positions.

[0013] Step 6: Install the lattice beams. After determining the positions and slopes of the horizontal and vertical beams according to the design coordinates, install the reinforcing bars, weld, tie, and fix them, and finally pour the concrete.

[0014] Step 7: Install the anchor cable. Place the anchor cable into the hole and reserve the working length for tensioning. Use a high-pressure grouting pipe to inject the prepared cement grout into the bottom of the hole. After air drying, tension and load according to the design. After completion, set up the anchor cable force gauge.

[0015] Step 8: Install the buoyancy device. Place the buoyancy device, which is fixed by the frame, into each grid area of ​​the lattice beam. Then, use the anchor cable bodies at the four adjacent lattice nodes 1 and 2 to pass through the four fixed corners of the frame. Finally, tighten the fixing bolts to complete the installation.

[0016] Step 9: When the reservoir water level rises to the high water level line H1, all buoyancy devices are submerged in the water. The buoyancy exerts a tensile force on the anchor cable body. Because of the one-way locking structure, the anchor cable body is stretched and cannot contract. According to the principle of force balance, the tensile force is transmitted to the outer anchoring section through the fixed pulley, thereby ensuring that the anchor cable is always in a locked state and can maintain or increase the anchor cable prestress.

[0017] This invention discloses an automatic slope reinforcement method that adapts to water level changes, which has the following technical advantages:

[0018] 1) Conventional protective measures become less effective as the water level rises, the soil and rock structure loosens, deformation increases, and the prestress of the anchor body is greatly lost. This device, by installing fixed pulleys in the free section and the inner anchor section, and connecting the outer anchor section and the buoyancy device with steel strands, converts the buoyancy generated by the rising reservoir water into pressure on the slope without any other external action. It automatically applies tension load using buoyancy, which not only avoids prestress loss but also automatically replenishes prestress to the designed level.

[0019] 2) The equipment is simple and easy to construct; the anchor cables, buoyancy devices and other components used are all prefabricated, easy to assemble and ready to use; the entire construction process does not require large-scale excavation, which is convenient, saves manpower and material resources, and brings direct and indirect benefits. In addition, it causes less disturbance to the original soil of the bank slope, which is more conducive to the stability of the bank slope.

[0020] 3) The buoyancy device is designed as a cube, fixed by the frame, placed in the grid area of ​​each lattice beam, and connected to the tensioning end of the anchor cable at the adjacent lattice node. This makes full use of the grid area space of the lattice beam, which not only improves the stability of the buoyancy device itself, but also allows the volume to be increased according to the actual buoyancy requirements, generating greater buoyancy and further enhancing the stability of the bank slope.

[0021] 4) The connection between the outer frame and the anchor cable tensioning end is designed to be movable, which facilitates the replacement of lightweight materials inside the buoyancy device. An automatic locking structure that only allows the material to go out and not in, as well as an anchor cable force gauge, are also provided at the anchor head to avoid prestress loss and allow for real-time adjustment with changes in water level.

[0022] 5) Conventional prestressed anchor cables only have a first anchor head. The anchor cable body is tensioned to provide prestress through the connection of the inner and outer anchor heads. Under the action of the periodic rise and fall of reservoir water, the soil and rock are damaged and the slope structure becomes loose, which leads to the gradual loss and failure of the prestress of the prestressed anchor cable. This device sets a second anchor head to tension the anchor cable body in real time with the water level change, thereby increasing the prestress of the anchor cable. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0024] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the buoyancy device in this invention.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the anchor cable in this invention.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the buoyancy device in this invention.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the first anchor head in this invention.

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the second anchor head in this invention.

[0030] In the diagram: 1. Lattice beam, 1.1. Lattice zone, 1.2. Lattice node, 2. Anchor cable, 3. Buoyancy device, 4. Bank slope, 5. Rock mass, 2.1. Outer anchorage section, 2.2. Free section, 2.3. Inner anchorage section, 2.4. First anchor head, 2.5. Fixed pulley, 2.6. Anchor cable body, 2.7. Anchor cable dynamometer, 2.8. Fixing bolt, 2.9. Anchor cable hole, 2.10. Guide cap, 2.11. Steel strand, 2.12. Frame, 3.1. Buoy, 3.2. Sealing anchor, 2.4.1. Anchor, 2.4.2. Wedge-shaped anchor body, 2.5.1. L-shaped beam, 2.5.2. Spring, 2.5.3. Groove, 2.5.4. Detailed Implementation

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, an automatic slope loading and reinforcement device that changes with water level includes anchor cables 2, buoyancy devices 3, and a lattice beam 1 that fixes the anchor cables 2 and buoyancy devices 3 on the slope.

[0032] The anchor cable 2 is a modified anchor cable, including an outer anchoring section 2.1, a free section 2.2, and an inner anchoring section 2.3.

[0033] The outer anchorage section 2.1 is equipped with a first anchor head 2.4 and a second anchor head 2.5. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the first anchor head 2.4 includes a sealing anchor 2.4.1 and an anchor 2.4.2, and is directly locked. The second anchor head 2.5 has a locking structure, which includes a wedge-shaped anchor body 2.5.1, an L-shaped beam 2.5.2, a spring 2.5.3, and a groove 2.5.4. The L-shaped beam 2.5.2 is fixed to the second anchor head 2.5, and the wedge-shaped anchor body 2.5.1 is located in the conical groove of the second anchor head 2.5 and connected to the L-shaped beam 2.5.2 through the spring 2.5.3. During the tensioning process of the second anchor head 2.5, the spring 2.5.3 presses against the wedge-shaped anchor body 2.5.1, and the wedge-shaped anchor body 2.5.1 only moves forward and does not move back, ensuring that the anchor cable body 2.7 is always in a locked state.

[0034] In addition, an anchor cable force gauge 2.8 is installed at the first anchor head 2.4 to monitor the stress state of the anchor cable at various stages during reservoir operation. This device is activated when the reservoir water level rises, depending on the actual situation. A detachable fixing bolt 2.9 is installed at anchor head 2 to connect the second anchor head 2.5 and the buoyancy device 3.

[0035] A fixed pulley 2.6 is designed at the connection between the free section 2.2 and the inner anchorage section 2.3. The anchor cables 2 should be prefabricated and rust-proofed before construction. The length, diameter, and spacing of the anchor cable body can be determined according to the actual engineering conditions and the specific position of the anchor cables 2 on the bank slope. The anchor cables 2 are arranged at equal intervals downwards along the bank slope surface, and the bottom elevation of each anchor cable 2 decreases downwards along the bank slope 4 (soil). The buoyancy device 3 is designed as a cuboid and fixed by a frame 3.1 (lightweight frame). It contains replaceable floats 3.2 (lightweight material) and is placed in the grid area 1.1 of each lattice beam 1. It is connected to the tensioning end of the anchor cable body 2.7 (steel strand) at the four adjacent lattice nodes 1.2. It can provide huge buoyancy after the water level rises. This invention can apply tension load to the slope as the reservoir water level rises, thereby improving the stability of the bank slope. It is easy to construct, has a small workload, and causes little disturbance to the original soil of the bank slope.

[0036] A method for automatically loading and reinforcing slopes in response to water level changes includes the following steps:

[0037] Step 1: Design the specific parameters of the anchor cable 2, buoyancy device 3, and the lattice beam 1 that fixes the anchor cable 2 and buoyancy device 3. The specific parameters of the components can be determined according to the scale of the actual project. The anchor cable is prefabricated and a fixed pulley 2.6 is installed at the connection between the free section 2.2 and the inner anchoring section 2.3. It has been rust-proofed.

[0038] The lattice structure is arranged on the slope, using cast-in-place reinforced concrete, in a square or rhomboid form. The horizontal spacing of the lattice is 3000mm~5000mm. The cross-section of the lattice beam is generally 300mm×250mm~450mm×400mm (height×width), and the concrete strength grade should not be lower than C25. Prestressed anchor cables are arranged at the nodes of the lattice beams. The diameter of the anchor cables is generally 240mm~300mm, the length is generally 6000mm~30000mm, and the inclination angle is generally 15°~20°. The diameter of the first and second anchor heads is generally 120mm~150mm, and the diameter of the fixed pulley is generally 180mm~240mm. The buoyancy device 3 is a rectangular prism made of lightweight material, arranged in each grid area 1.1 of the lattice beam 1. The length×width dimensions are determined according to the horizontal spacing of the lattice, generally 3000mm~5000mm, and the height is consistent with the height of the lattice beam, generally 300mm~450mm.

[0039] Step 2, Material and Equipment Preparation: Transport the prefabricated anchor cables 2, buoyancy devices 3, lattice beams 1, and drilling rigs and other construction equipment to the construction site.

[0040] Step 3: Clean the bank slope: Clean and repair the bank slope, remove gravel, weeds and other debris that may affect subsequent construction, and clear the working surface to facilitate subsequent construction.

[0041] Step 4, Measurement and layout: Measure and lay out the lines on the bank slope and mark the positions of each anchor cable 2.

[0042] Step 5, Drilling: Based on the measured hole positions on the slope, accurately install and fix the drilling rig, and strictly and carefully adjust the machine position. The hole diameter and depth must not be less than the design value, and drill holes according to the reserved positions.

[0043] Step 6: Install the lattice beams. After determining the positions and slopes of the horizontal and vertical beams according to the design coordinates, install the reinforcing bars, weld, tie, and fix them, and finally pour the concrete.

[0044] Step 7: Install the anchor cable. Place the anchor cable 2 into the hole and reserve the working length for tensioning. Use a high-pressure grouting pipe to inject the prepared cement grout into the bottom of the hole. After air drying, tension and load are applied according to the design. After completion, set up the anchor cable force gauge 2.8.

[0045] Step 8: Install the buoyancy device 3. Place the buoyancy device 3, which is fixed by the frame 3.1, into each grid area of ​​the lattice beam. Then, use the anchor cable body 2.7 at the four adjacent lattice nodes 1.2 to pass through the four fixed corners of the frame 3.1. Finally, tighten the fixing bolts 2.9 to complete the installation.

[0046] Step 9: When the reservoir water level rises to the high water level line H1, all buoyancy devices are submerged in the water. The buoyancy applies tension to the anchor cable body 2.7. Because of the one-way locking structure, the anchor cable body 2.7 is stretched and cannot retract. According to the principle of force balance, the tension is transmitted to the outer anchoring section 2.1 through the fixed pulley, thereby ensuring that the anchor cable 2 is always in a locked state, which can maintain or increase the anchor cable prestress.

Claims

1. A method for automatically loading and reinforcing slopes according to water level changes, characterized in that: The buoyancy device (3) is submerged by the rising water level of the reservoir. The buoyancy of the buoyancy device (3) is used to pull the tension end of the anchor body (2.7) of the anchor cable (2). The locking end of the anchor body (2.7) is used to apply a tension force into the slope to the external anchor section (2.1), thereby increasing the prestress of the anchor cable and reinforcing the slope. Includes the following steps: Step 1: Design the specific parameters of the lattice beam (1) for anchor cable (2), buoyancy device (3), and fixed anchor cable (2) and buoyancy device (3). The specific parameters of the components are determined according to the actual scale of the project. The anchor cable is prefabricated and a fixed pulley (2.6) is installed at the connection between the free section (2.2) and the inner anchoring section (2.3), and it has been rust-proofed. Step 2, Material and Equipment Preparation: Transport the prefabricated anchor cables (2), buoyancy devices (3), lattice beams (1) and drilling rig to the construction site; Step 3: Clean the bank slope: Clean and repair the bank slope, remove gravel and weeds that may affect subsequent construction, and clear the working surface to facilitate subsequent construction. Step 4, Measurement and layout: Measure and lay out the lines on the bank slope and mark the positions of each anchor cable (2); Step 5, Drilling: Based on the measured hole positions on the slope, accurately install and fix the drilling rig, and strictly and carefully adjust the machine position. The hole diameter and depth must not be less than the design value, and drill holes according to the reserved positions. Step 6: Install the lattice beams. After determining the positions and slopes of the horizontal and vertical beams according to the design coordinates, install the reinforcing bars, weld, tie, and fix them, and finally pour the concrete. Step 7: Install the anchor cable, put the anchor cable (2) into the hole and reserve the tensioning working length, use the high pressure grouting pipe to inject the prepared cement slurry into the bottom of the hole, and after air drying, tension and load are applied according to the design. After completion, set up the anchor cable force gauge (2.8). Step 8: Install the buoyancy device (3). Place the buoyancy device (3) fixed by the frame (3.1) into each grid area of ​​the lattice beam. Then, use the anchor cable body (2.7) at the four adjacent lattice nodes 1.2 to pass through the four fixed corners of the frame (3.1). Finally, tighten the fixing bolts (2.9) to complete the installation. Step 9: When the reservoir water level rises to the high water level line H1, each buoyancy device is submerged in the water. The buoyancy applies tension to the anchor cable body (2.7). Because of the one-way locking structure, the anchor cable body (2.7) is stretched and cannot contract. According to the principle of force balance, the tension is transmitted to the outer anchoring section (2.1) through the fixed pulley, thereby ensuring that the anchor cable (2) is always in a locked state, which can maintain or increase the anchor cable prestress.

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