Distributed organic solid waste heat and carbon co-production system

Abstract

This invention discloses a distributed organic solid waste cogeneration system, comprising a pulverizing and drying module, a carbonization module, and a combustion heat exchange module. The discharge end of the pulverizing and drying module is connected to the inlet of the carbonization module, the gas outlet of the carbonization module is connected to the gas inlet of the combustion heat exchange module, and the gas outlet of the combustion heat exchange module is connected to the gas inlet of the pulverizing and drying module. After drying in the pulverizing and drying module, the organic solid waste enters the carbonization module for carbonization and is discharged from the discharge end. The pyrolysis tar generated during the carbonization process undergoes secondary treatment along with the organic solid waste, undergoing high-temperature pyrolysis to form combustible gas and coke. The combustible gas enters the combustion heat exchange module for combustion, generating low-temperature flue gas that enters the pulverizing and drying module. The system has a complete structure, achieving harmless treatment and resource utilization of organic solid waste, achieving self-heating and reducing pyrolysis tar, while simultaneously producing biochar products and byproducts such as hot water / steam, exhibiting good environmental protection and economic efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of organic solid waste treatment technology, and in particular to a distributed organic solid waste cogeneration system. Background Technology

[0002] Organic solid waste refers to solid and semi-solid organic waste generated by human production, daily life, and other activities that pollute the environment. It includes crop straw, forestry waste, agricultural by-products, industrial residues, domestic waste, and sludge. Organic solid waste is diverse, abundant, and complex in composition, characterized by high organic matter content. If effectively treated and disposed of, it can be used to produce various energy and resource products, possessing high utilization value. Currently, the treatment effect of organic solid waste in my country is unsatisfactory. Existing equipment faces difficulties in safe and stable operation, and due to significant regional differences and high collection costs, the overall treatment cost is high, resulting in a low resource utilization rate. Regarding the treatment processes and methods for organic solid waste (especially for materials with high moisture content), high drying energy consumption leads to poor overall system thermal efficiency and economic viability. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a distributed organic solid waste treatment device capable of achieving efficient drying, harmless treatment, and efficient resource utilization of organic solid waste. Furthermore, the application of distributed treatment devices can solve the economic problems caused by significant regional differences and high collection costs.

[0003] Existing technology, such as the invention disclosed in publication number CN113998866A, discloses an organic solid waste treatment system. This system mainly consists of a storage tank, a modifying mixer, a filter press, a buffer chamber, and a pyrolysis carbonization furnace. The storage tank has a discharge port at its bottom, connected to a first material conveyor to transport the material to the inlet of the modifying mixer. The inlet of the modifying mixer is also connected to a dosing tank, a carbon powder tank, and a sawdust tank. The pyrolysis carbonization furnace has a discharge mechanism at its bottom and a tail gas discharge port at its top, connected to a tail gas purification system via a gas pipeline. This patent uses a segmented vertical furnace as the main pyrolysis carbonization equipment, but it suffers from drawbacks such as complex equipment, difficult operation and maintenance, low thermal efficiency, high pyrolysis tar content in the pyrolysis gas, and pipeline blockage caused by this.

[0004] The invention disclosed in CN110295063B is a biomass external heating method for cogeneration. The system mainly consists of a feeding mechanism, a batching mechanism, a carbonization reactor, and a material collection mechanism. Biomass material is fed into the system through the inlet and driven forward by a spiral blade. A gasification system gasifies the biomass material into combustible gas, which serves as the heat source fuel for the carbonization system. This allows biomass materials with varying moisture content to react fully at different rotational speeds within the cylinder, thereby improving reaction efficiency and thermal energy utilization. The high-temperature carbonized products produced are then cooled to below 60°C before being discharged from the system. However, this method, using a cylindrical carbonization reactor as the carbonization system, is not suitable for materials with high moisture content and also suffers from drawbacks such as high pyrolysis tar content in the pyrolysis gas. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings in the aforementioned background technology, this invention proposes a distributed organic solid waste thermal co-generation system, which solves the problems of high drying energy consumption, low thermal efficiency, and high pyrolysis tar content in the existing organic solid waste thermal conversion treatment process.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows: A distributed organic solid waste thermal co-production system includes a crushing and drying module, a carbonization module, and a combustion heat exchange module. The discharge end of the crushing and drying module is connected to the feed end of the carbonization module, the gas outlet end of the carbonization module is connected to the gas inlet end of the combustion heat exchange module, and the gas outlet end of the combustion heat exchange module is connected to the gas inlet end of the crushing and drying module. Organic solid waste enters the crushing and drying module and is dried there. The treated organic solid waste is then sent to the carbonization module, where it is carbonized. The pyrolysis tar generated during the carbonization process adheres to the newly entering organic solid waste and undergoes secondary treatment. The high-temperature cracking of the pyrolysis tar fully forms small-molecule combustible gas and coke. The coke after carbonization is discharged from the discharge end. The small-molecule combustible gas enters the combustion heat exchange module and is burned again to generate low-temperature flue gas. The low-temperature flue gas then enters the crushing and drying module.

[0007] Furthermore, the pulverizing and drying module includes a paddle dryer, a low-temperature heat transfer oil storage tank, a high-temperature heat transfer oil storage tank, and a solar collector. The paddle dryer, the low-temperature heat transfer oil storage tank, the solar collector, and the high-temperature heat transfer oil storage tank are connected by pipelines to form a heat transfer oil circuit. The discharge end of the paddle dryer is connected to the carbonization module.

[0008] Furthermore, the paddle dryer is equipped with a hollow shaft, on which several blade-type paddles are connected. The air outlet of the paddle dryer is connected to a cyclone separator, and the air inlet of the paddle dryer is connected to a combustion heat exchange module.

[0009] Furthermore, the paddle dryer is equipped with a screw feeder at the discharge end, and the paddle dryer is connected to the carbonization module through the screw feeder.

[0010] Furthermore, the carbonization module includes a grate carbonization furnace, which is connected to the crushing and drying module through a feed inlet located at the top. The grate carbonization furnace is equipped with a conveying component and a grate. The feeding end of the conveying component corresponds to the feed inlet, the discharge end of the conveying component corresponds to the feeding end of the grate, and the discharge end of the grate corresponds to the discharge inlet located at the bottom of the grate carbonization furnace. A gas distributor is also provided at the bottom of the grate carbonization furnace.

[0011] Furthermore, the grate carbonization furnace is also provided with a baffle in the middle, which is located between the conveying component and the grate. The baffle is provided with a feeding port that cooperates with the conveying component, and an inclined auxiliary feeding plate is connected to the feeding port.

[0012] Furthermore, the conveying assembly includes at least two sets of conveyor belts, with the discharge ends of the conveyor belts staggered. The grate carbonization furnace is also equipped with oil nozzles, which are located above the discharge port of the grate carbonization furnace and correspond to the grate.

[0013] Furthermore, the combustion heat exchange module includes a low-concentration gas combustion chamber, a flue gas waste heat recovery device, a hot water storage tank, and a cold water storage tank. One end of the low-concentration gas combustion chamber is connected to the carbonization module, and the other end of the low-concentration gas combustion chamber is connected to the flue gas waste heat recovery device. The outlet end of the flue gas waste heat recovery device is connected to the pulverizing and drying module. The hot water storage tank is connected to the cold water storage tank through the flue gas waste heat recovery device.

[0014] Furthermore, the feed end of the low-concentration gas combustion chamber is also equipped with a gas-liquid separator and a second cyclone separator, which is connected to the gas outlet of the carbonization module. The low-concentration gas combustion chamber is also equipped with microchannels.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0016] 1. This system has a complete structure and can realize the harmless treatment and resource utilization of organic solid waste. The crushing and drying module dries the organic solid waste, the carbonization module carbonizes the organic solid waste, the pyrolysis gas after carbonization enters the combustion heat exchange module to continue generating heat, and the low-temperature flue gas after heat generation enters the crushing and drying module to assist in the drying of organic solid waste, forming a loop in sequence. It not only achieves the effects of self-heating and reducing pyrolysis tar, but also can simultaneously produce biochar products and by-products such as hot water / steam, which has good environmental protection and economy.

[0017] 2. The present invention utilizes a solar collector in the pulverizing and drying module to provide a heat source for drying organic solid waste in the paddle dryer using clean energy such as solar energy, thereby reducing the system's fossil energy consumption and electricity consumption.

[0018] 3. The crushing and drying module of this invention provides dried organic solid waste to the carbonization module. The pyrolysis gas generated by the carbonization module from the carbonization of organic solid waste enters the combustion heat exchange module to continue generating heat. The low-temperature flue gas generated in the combustion heat exchange module enters the crushing and drying module to assist in the drying of organic solid waste. This realizes the cascade utilization of system energy, makes full use of the energy of pyrolysis gas and combustion flue gas, and the system has high thermal efficiency.

[0019] 4. The conveying components inside the carbonization furnace and the surface of the conveying components are designed with a catalytic coating, which can achieve efficient removal of pyrolysis tar and reduce problems such as equipment and pipeline blockage and low system thermal efficiency caused by pyrolysis tar. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the grate carbonization furnace.

[0023] In the diagram: 1. Paddle dryer; 2. Cyclone separator I; 3. Low-temperature thermal oil storage tank; 4. High-temperature thermal oil storage tank; 5. Grate carbonization furnace; 6. Cyclone separator II; 7. Gas-liquid separator; 8. Low-concentration fuel combustion chamber; 9. Flue gas waste heat recovery equipment; 10. Hot water storage tank; 11. Cold water storage tank; 12. Solar collector; 20. Feed inlet; 21. Conveying assembly; 22. Grate; 23. Gas outlet; 24. Oil injector; 25. Discharge outlet; 26. Gas distributor; 27. Baffle; 28. Auxiliary feeding plate. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] like Figure 1As shown in Example 1, a distributed organic solid waste thermal cogeneration system includes a crushing and drying module, a carbonization module, and a combustion heat exchange module. The discharge end of the crushing and drying module is connected to the feed end of the carbonization module, the gas outlet end of the carbonization module is connected to the gas inlet end of the combustion heat exchange module, and the gas outlet end of the combustion heat exchange module is connected to the gas inlet end of the crushing and drying module. Organic solid waste enters the crushing and drying module and is dried there. The treated organic solid waste is then sent to the carbonization module for carbonization. The pyrolysis tar generated during the carbonization process adheres to the newly entering organic solid waste and undergoes secondary treatment. The high-temperature cracking of the pyrolysis tar fully forms small-molecule combustible gas and coke. The coke after carbonization is discharged from the discharge end, and the small-molecule combustible gas enters the combustion heat exchange module and is burned again to generate low-temperature flue gas. The low-temperature flue gas then enters the crushing and drying module. With a complete structure, it can realize the harmless treatment and resource utilization of organic solid waste. The crushing and drying module dries the organic solid waste, the carbonization module carbonizes the organic solid waste, and the pyrolysis gas after carbonization enters the combustion heat exchange module to continue generating heat. The low-temperature flue gas after heat generation enters the crushing and drying module to assist in the drying of organic solid waste, forming a loop in sequence. It not only achieves the effects of self-heating and reducing pyrolysis tar, but also can simultaneously produce biochar products and by-products such as hot water / steam, which has good environmental protection and economy.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown in Example 2, a distributed organic solid waste thermal-carbon cogeneration system comprises a pulverizing and drying module, a carbonization module, and a combustion heat exchange module. The discharge end of the pulverizing and drying module is connected to the feed inlet 20 of the carbonization module, the air outlet 23 of the carbonization module is connected to the air inlet of the combustion heat exchange module, and the air outlet of the combustion heat exchange module is connected to the air inlet of the pulverizing and drying module. The pulverizing and drying module dries the organic solid waste, the carbonization module carbonizes the dried organic solid waste to produce biochar products, and the combustion heat exchange module produces byproducts such as hot water / steam. This system achieves cascaded energy utilization, fully utilizes the energy of pyrolysis gas and combustion flue gas, and has high thermal efficiency. Organic solid waste enters from the feed end of the crushing and drying module and is dried within the module. The treated organic solid waste then enters the carbonization module, where it is carbonized. The carbonized organic solid waste is discharged from the discharge port 25. The pyrolysis tar produced during the carbonization process adheres to the newly entering organic solid waste and undergoes secondary treatment. The high-temperature cracking of the pyrolysis tar forms small-molecule combustible gas and coke. The small-molecule combustible gas enters the combustion heat exchange module and is burned again to produce low-temperature flue gas. The low-temperature flue gas then enters the crushing and drying module.

[0027] In this embodiment, the carbonization module includes a grate carbonization furnace 5, which is connected to the crushing and drying module via a feed inlet 20 located at the top. The grate carbonization furnace 5 contains a horizontally arranged conveying assembly and an inclined grate 22, preferably an inclined reciprocating grate 22. The feeding end of the conveying assembly corresponds to the feed inlet 20, the discharge end of the conveying assembly corresponds to the feeding end of the grate 22, and the discharge end of the grate 22 corresponds to the discharge outlet 25 located at the bottom of the grate carbonization furnace 5. A gas distributor 26 is also provided at the bottom of the grate carbonization furnace 5. The gas distributor 26 can introduce air to assist in the carbonization of organic solid waste. The organic solid waste dried by the paddle dryer 1 is sent into the grate carbonization furnace 5 through the screw conveyor. After entering the grate carbonization furnace 5, the organic solid waste falls onto the conveying component. At this time, the grate carbonization furnace 5 begins to carbonize the organic solid waste. The pyrolysis tar generated during the process is fused, cracked and recombined with the organic solid waste to form small molecule combustible gas or coke.

[0028] In this embodiment, a baffle 27 is provided in the middle of the grate carbonization furnace 5. The baffle 27 can ensure the heating temperature inside the grate and also prevent pyrolysis tar from being directly discharged from the gas outlet. The baffle 27 is located between the conveying assembly and the grate 22, and divides the grate carbonization furnace into two chambers: an upper chamber for drying and a lower chamber for carbonization. The baffle 27 is provided with a feeding port that cooperates with the conveying assembly. An inclined auxiliary feeding plate 28 is connected to the feeding port. The auxiliary feeding plate 28 facilitates the entry of organic solid waste into the grate, and its inclined arrangement prevents organic solid waste from directly clogging the feeding port, allowing pyrolysis tar to enter the upper conveying chamber from the feeding port and adhere to the organic solid waste on the conveying assembly. The conveying assembly includes at least two sets of stainless steel belt conveyors, with the discharge ends of the stainless steel belt conveyors staggered. The grate carbonization furnace 5 is also equipped with oil nozzles 24, which are located above the discharge port 25 of the grate carbonization furnace 5 and correspond to the grate 22. The oil nozzles 24 assist the grate carbonization furnace 5 in the carbonization treatment of organic solid waste. The surface of the stainless steel belt conveyor is coated with a catalytic coating; this coating helps in the cracking and recombination of pyrolysis tar, improving carbonization efficiency. A baffle 27 is also provided in the middle of the grate carbonization furnace 5, with the discharge end of the stainless steel belt conveyor below corresponding to the auxiliary discharge plate, preventing organic solid waste from falling onto the baffle 27.

[0029] Example 3, a distributed organic solid waste cogeneration system, differs from Example 1 or 2 in that the pulverizing and drying module includes a paddle dryer 1, a low-temperature thermal oil storage tank 3, a high-temperature thermal oil storage tank 4, and a solar collector 12. The paddle dryer 1, the low-temperature thermal oil storage tank 3, the solar collector 12, and the high-temperature thermal oil storage tank 4 are connected by pipelines to form a thermal oil circuit. The discharge port 25 of the paddle dryer 1 is connected to the carbonization module. Low-temperature heat transfer oil is stored in low-temperature heat transfer oil storage tank 3, and high-temperature heat transfer oil is stored in high-temperature heat transfer oil storage tank 4. The low-temperature heat transfer oil in the low-temperature heat transfer oil tank is heated into high-temperature heat transfer oil by solar collector 12 and then enters high-temperature heat transfer oil storage tank 4. The high-temperature heat transfer oil enters paddle dryer 1 through pipeline to dry the organic solid waste in paddle dryer 1 at high temperature. At the same time, the high-temperature heat transfer oil becomes low-temperature heat transfer oil under the influence of organic solid waste, and then enters low-temperature heat transfer oil storage tank 3, forming a loop for heating and drying organic solid waste in paddle dryer 1.

[0030] In this embodiment, the paddle dryer 1 has a hollow shaft with several blades connected to it. The hollow shaft is rotatably connected to the paddle dryer 1, and both ends of the hollow shaft extend out of the paddle dryer 1. Both ends of the hollow shaft are connected to pipes via rotary joints, and the other ends of the pipes are connected to a high-temperature heat-conducting oil storage tank and a low-temperature heat-conducting oil storage tank 3, respectively. The blades are pulverizers capable of crushing organic solid waste. While the blades crush the organic solid waste, the hollow shaft simultaneously dries it. A cyclone separator 2 is connected to the air outlet 23 of the paddle dryer 1, and the air inlet of the paddle dryer 1 is connected to the combustion heat exchange module. A screw feeder is provided at the discharge port 25 of the paddle dryer 1, and the paddle dryer 1 is connected to the carbonization module via the screw feeder. The paddle dryer 1 is connected to the cyclone separator 2 via pipelines. The hot air generated by the paddle dryer 1 during the treatment of organic solid waste is discharged through the cyclone separator 2. The paddle dryer 1 has a feed inlet 20 at the top and a discharge outlet 25 at the bottom.

[0031] All other structures are the same as in Example 1.

[0032] like Figure 2As shown in Example 4, a distributed organic solid waste thermal carbonization system differs from Example 3 in that the carbonization module includes a grate carbonization furnace 5. The grate carbonization furnace 5 is connected to the crushing and drying module via a feed inlet 20 located at the top. The grate carbonization furnace 5 contains a horizontally arranged conveying assembly and an inclined grate 22, preferably an inclined reciprocating grate 22. The feeding end of the conveying assembly corresponds to the feed inlet 20, the discharge end of the conveying assembly corresponds to the feeding end of the grate 22, and the discharge end of the grate 22 corresponds to the discharge outlet 25 located at the bottom of the grate carbonization furnace 5. A gas distributor 26 is also provided at the bottom of the grate carbonization furnace 5. The gas distributor 26 can introduce air to assist in the carbonization of organic solid waste. The organic solid waste dried by the paddle dryer 1 is sent into the grate carbonization furnace 5 through the screw conveyor. After entering the grate carbonization furnace 5, the organic solid waste falls onto the conveying component. At this time, the grate carbonization furnace 5 begins to carbonize the organic solid waste. The pyrolysis tar generated during the process is fused, cracked and recombined with the organic solid waste to form small molecule combustible gas or coke.

[0033] In this embodiment, a baffle 27 is also provided in the middle of the grate carbonization furnace 5. The baffle 27 is located between the conveying assembly and the grate 22, and a discharge port that cooperates with the conveying assembly is provided on the baffle 27. An inclined auxiliary discharge plate is connected to the discharge port. The discharge port is accessible. The conveying assembly includes at least two sets of conveyor belts 21, and the discharge ends of the conveyor belts 21 are staggered. The grate carbonization furnace 5 is also provided with an oil spray nozzle 24, which is located above the discharge port 25 of the grate carbonization furnace 5 and corresponds to the grate 22. The oil spray nozzle 24 assists the grate carbonization furnace 5 in the carbonization treatment of organic solid waste. The surface of the conveying assembly is coated with a catalytic coating; the catalytic coating helps the cracking and recombination of pyrolysis tar and improves carbonization efficiency. A baffle is also provided in the middle of the grate carbonization furnace 5, and the discharge end of the conveyor belt located below corresponds to the auxiliary discharge plate to prevent organic solid waste from falling onto the baffle.

[0034] All other structures are the same as in Example 3.

[0035] Example 5 discloses a distributed organic solid waste cogeneration system, which differs from Example 3 in that the combustion heat exchange module includes a low-concentration gas combustion chamber 8, a flue gas waste heat recovery device 9, a hot water storage tank 10, and a cold water storage tank 11. The low-concentration gas combustion chamber 8 is preferably a tubular combustion chamber. One end of the low-concentration gas combustion chamber 8 is connected to the carbonization module, and the other end is connected to the flue gas waste heat recovery device 9. The outlet 23 of the flue gas waste heat recovery device 9 is connected to the pulverizing and drying module. The hot water storage tank 10 is connected to the cold water storage tank 11 via the flue gas waste heat recovery device 9. The hot water flowing out of the cold water storage tank 11 is heated by the flue gas waste heat recovery device 9 and then enters the hot water storage tank 10.

[0036] In this embodiment, the inlet end of the low-concentration gas combustion chamber 8 is further equipped with a gas-liquid separator 7 and a cyclone separator 2 6, which is connected to the outlet 23 of the carbonization module. The low-concentration gas combustion chamber 8 is equipped with a microchannel burner, which enables the pyrolysis gas to be fully and stably combusted to generate high-temperature flue gas.

[0037] The specific principles of this system are as follows:

[0038] 1. The collected organic solid waste is pre-dehydrated to reduce its moisture content to less than 60%.

[0039] 2. The separated solid material is fed to paddle dryer 1 via a screw feeder for drying and pulverizing. After drying and pulverizing, the moisture content of the organic solid waste is reduced from about 60% to about 35%, and the temperature is raised to about 85℃. The heat of paddle dryer 1 comes from the low-temperature flue gas after heat exchange in flue gas waste heat recovery equipment 9 and the heat transfer oil heated by solar collector 12. The hollow double shaft of paddle dryer 1 can be circulated with heat transfer oil.

[0040] 3. The crushed and dried organic solid waste is fed to the grate carbonization furnace 5 by a screw feeder for carbonization. At the same time, the organic solid waste is baked on the conveyor belt of the grate carbonization furnace 5, and then fed back into the grate 22 for carbonization. The heat for baking and carbonization comes from the combustion of some organic solid waste and the high-temperature flue gas generated by the low-concentration gas combustion chamber 8. The pyrolysis tar volatilized during carbonization adheres to the surface of the organic solid waste on the conveyor belt and enters the grate 22 again with the conveyor belt, realizing the high-temperature cracking and recombination of pyrolysis tar to form small molecule combustible gas or coke. The catalytic coating on the surface of the conveyor belt can be used to synergistically enhance the removal of pyrolysis tar. In addition, the coating can also prevent the pyrolysis tar that has not been removed from condensing and adhering to the surface of the conveyor belt.

[0041] 4. The pyrolysis gas produced by carbonization is mixed with air after the dust and solids are removed by the cyclone separator. Then it enters the gas-liquid separator 7 to remove moisture. After the pyrolysis gas and air are completely mixed, it is sent to the low-concentration fuel combustion chamber 8 for complete combustion.

[0042] 5. The low-concentration gas combustion chamber 8 utilizes microchannels for indirect heat exchange between the pyrolysis gas and air mixture generated during carbonization and the high-temperature flue gas generated after complete combustion. The heat from the high-temperature flue gas after complete combustion of the pyrolysis gas is used to raise the temperature of the air and the pyrolysis gas to be burned, and to uniformly and fully mix the combustion air and the pyrolysis gas generated during carbonization. After complete combustion of the pyrolysis gas, high-temperature flue gas is generated. Part of the high-temperature flue gas provides heat for baking and carbonization in the grate carbonization furnace 5, and the other part is used in the flue gas waste heat recovery equipment 9 to exchange heat with cold water to prepare hot water or low-temperature steam.

[0043] 6. After the high-temperature flue gas undergoes heat exchange in the flue gas waste heat recovery equipment 9, it becomes low-temperature flue gas. The low-temperature flue gas is sent to the paddle dryer 1 to provide some of the energy required for drying, while enhancing the heat and mass transfer of the material in the dryer, achieving the effect of enhanced heat transfer and cascade utilization of heat. Subsequently, the gas is discharged after the dust and solids are separated by the cyclone separator.

[0044] All other structures are the same as in Example 4.

[0045] Example 6: A distributed organic solid waste cogeneration system includes a pulverizing and drying module. The drying module comprises a paddle dryer 1, a cyclone separator 2, a low-temperature thermal oil storage tank 3, a high-temperature thermal oil storage tank 4, and a solar collector 12. The solar collector 12 heats the low-temperature thermal oil from the low-temperature thermal oil tank 3 into high-temperature thermal oil, which is then pumped into the high-temperature thermal oil tank 4 for storage. The high-temperature thermal oil in the high-temperature thermal oil tank 4 is pumped into the hollow double shaft of the paddle dryer 1 to dry the organic solid waste particles. Simultaneously, the low-temperature flue gas from the waste heat recovery device 9, after heat exchange, is sent to the paddle dryer 1 to provide some of the energy required for drying, while also enhancing the heat and mass transfer of the material in the paddle dryer 1, achieving enhanced heat transfer and cascade utilization of heat. The gas is then discharged after being separated into dust and solids by the cyclone separator 2. The paddle dryer 1 uses blade-type paddles, which enhance heat exchange between the hollow shaft surface and the material, and cut the material to crush the organic solid waste. The paddle dryer 1 is connected to the grate carbonization furnace 5 via a screw feeder, and the crushed and dried organic solid waste is fed to the grate carbonization furnace 5 via the screw feeder.

[0046] The carbonization module includes a grate carbonization furnace 5. The grate carbonization furnace 5 includes a feed inlet 20, a conveyor belt 21, a grate 22, a gas outlet 23, an oil injector 24, a discharge outlet 25, and a gas distributor 26. Crushed and dried organic solid waste is fed to the grate carbonization furnace 5 via a screw feeder for carbonization. Simultaneously, the organic solid waste is baked on the conveyor belt 21 of the grate carbonization furnace, and then fed back into the grate 22 along with the conveyor belt 21 for carbonization. The heat for carbonization and drying comes from the combustion of some of the organic solid waste and the high-temperature flue gas generated in the low-concentration gas combustion chamber 8. The pyrolysis tar volatilized during carbonization adheres to the surface of the organic solid waste on the conveyor belt 21 and re-enters the grate along with the conveyor belt 21, achieving high-temperature pyrolysis and recombination of the pyrolysis tar to form small-molecule combustible gas or coke.

[0047] The combustion / heat exchange module includes a cyclone separator 6, a gas-liquid separator 7, a low-concentration fuel combustion chamber 8, a flue gas waste heat recovery device 9, a hot water / steam storage tank 10, and a cold water storage tank 11. The pyrolysis gas produced during carbonization passes through the cyclone separator 6 to remove dust and solids before mixing with air. It then enters the gas-liquid separator 7 to remove moisture. After complete mixing with air, the pyrolysis gas is sent to the low-concentration fuel combustion chamber 8 for complete combustion. The low-concentration gas combustion chamber 8 employs a microchannel combustion design. The mixture of pyrolysis gas and air produced during carbonization undergoes non-contact counter-current heat exchange during its entry into the low-concentration gas combustion chamber 8 and the high-temperature flue gas generated after complete combustion. The heat from the high-temperature flue gas after complete combustion of the pyrolysis gas raises the temperature of the air and the pyrolysis gas to be burned, and uniformly and thoroughly mixes the combustion air and the pyrolysis gas produced during carbonization. After complete combustion, the pyrolysis gas generates high-temperature flue gas. Part of this high-temperature flue gas provides heat for baking and carbonization in the grate carbonization furnace 5, while the other part is used in the flue gas waste heat recovery device 9 for heat exchange with cold water to prepare hot water. The mixture of pyrolysis gas and air produced during carbonization contains a certain amount of pyrolysis tar. A flue gas blowing device is added to the low-concentration gas combustion chamber 8 to reduce the adhesion of pyrolysis tar in the combustion chamber, thereby reducing maintenance costs. After the high-temperature flue gas undergoes heat exchange in the flue gas waste heat recovery device 9, it becomes low-temperature flue gas. The low-temperature flue gas is then sent to the paddle dryer 1 to provide some of the energy required for drying. At the same time, it enhances the heat and mass transfer of the material in the dryer, achieving the effect of enhanced heat transfer and cascade utilization of heat. Subsequently, the gas is discharged after the dust and solids are separated by the cyclone separator 2.

[0048] Example 7: A distributed organic solid waste cogeneration system, comprising a pulverizing and drying module. The drying module includes a paddle dryer 1, a cyclone separator 3, a low-temperature thermal oil storage tank 3, a high-temperature thermal oil storage tank 4, and a solar collector 12. The solar collector 12 heats the low-temperature thermal oil from the low-temperature thermal oil tank 3 into high-temperature thermal oil, which is then pumped into the high-temperature thermal oil tank 4 for storage. The high-temperature thermal oil in the high-temperature thermal oil tank 4 is pumped into the hollow double shaft of the paddle dryer 1 to dry the organic solid waste particles. Simultaneously, the low-temperature flue gas from the waste heat recovery device 9, after heat exchange, is sent to the paddle dryer 1 to provide some of the energy required for drying, while also enhancing the heat and mass transfer of the material in the paddle dryer 1, achieving enhanced heat transfer and cascade utilization of heat. The gas is then discharged after being separated into dust and solids by the cyclone separator 2.

[0049] The paddle dryer 1 is a twin-shaft hollow paddle dryer using blade-type paddles, which enhances heat exchange between the hollow shaft surface and the material, and cuts the material to crush the organic solid waste. The paddle dryer 1 is connected to the grate carbonization furnace 5 via a screw feeder, which then feeds the crushed and dried organic solid waste into the grate carbonization furnace 5. The heat source is thermal oil and low-temperature flue gas. Various flowing heat transfer media can be introduced into the dryer shaft, while high-temperature thermal oil is introduced into the hollow shaft to thoroughly dry the material.

[0050] The carbonization module includes a grate carbonization furnace 5. The grate carbonization furnace 5 includes a feed inlet 20, a conveyor belt 21, a grate 22, a gas outlet 23, an oil injector 24, a discharge outlet 25, and a gas distributor 26. Crushed and dried organic solid waste is fed to the grate carbonization furnace 5 via a screw feeder for carbonization. Simultaneously, the organic solid waste is baked on the conveyor belt 21 of the grate carbonization furnace, and then fed back into the grate 22 for carbonization along with the conveyor belt 21. The heat for carbonization and drying comes from the combustion of some of the organic solid waste and the high-temperature flue gas generated in the low-concentration fuel combustion chamber 8. The pyrolysis tar volatilized during carbonization adheres to the surface of the organic solid waste on the conveyor belt 21 and re-enters the grate along with the conveyor belt 21, achieving high-temperature pyrolysis and recombination of the pyrolysis tar to form small-molecule combustible gas or coke. Furthermore, this coating also prevents unremoved pyrolysis tar from condensing and adhering to the surface of the conveyor belt 21. The above design ensures that the pyrolysis tar removal rate is >95% when the flue gas inlet temperature is 150-180℃.

[0051] The grate carbonization furnace 5 is equipped with multiple rows of conveyor belts 21. These belts are arranged in a crisscross pattern, with adjacent belts moving in opposite directions. This allows the organic solid waste to remain in the furnace for an extended period, facilitating the adhesion of pyrolysis tar to the waste for pyrolysis. This novel design combining the grate and conveyor belts 21 ensures efficient carbonization of the organic solid waste while also utilizing the pyrolysis gas generated during carbonization to bake the waste on the conveyor belts 21. The conveyor belts 21 within the carbonization furnace are coated with a high-temperature catalytic coating. The baking of solid products on the conveyor belts 21 enables the pyrolysis and recombination of the carbonized pyrolysis tar, forming small-molecule combustible gas or coke. Some of the low-temperature condensed pyrolysis tar adheres to the surface of the organic solid waste and re-enters the carbonization reaction zone for secondary pyrolysis and recombination.

[0052] The combustion / heat exchange module includes a cyclone separator 6, a gas-liquid separator 7, a low-concentration gas combustion chamber 8, a flue gas waste heat recovery device 9, a hot water storage tank 10, and a cold water storage tank 11. The pyrolysis gas produced during carbonization passes through the cyclone separator 6 to remove dust and solids before mixing with air. It then enters the gas-liquid separator 7 to remove moisture. After complete mixing with air, the pyrolysis gas is sent to the low-concentration gas combustion chamber 8 for complete combustion. The low-concentration gas combustion chamber 8 utilizes a microchannel design, allowing for indirect heat exchange between the pyrolysis gas and air mixture during its entry into the chamber and the high-temperature flue gas generated after complete combustion. The heat from the high-temperature flue gas after complete combustion raises the temperature of both the air and the pyrolysis gas to be burned, and ensures uniform and thorough mixing of the combustion air and the pyrolysis gas. The high-temperature flue gas generated after complete combustion provides heat for baking and carbonization in the grate carbonization furnace 5, and is used in the flue gas waste heat recovery device 9 for heat exchange with cold water to prepare hot water. The mixture of pyrolysis gas and air produced by carbonization contains a certain amount of pyrolysis tar. A flue gas blowing device is added to the low-concentration combustion chamber 8 to reduce the adhesion of pyrolysis tar in the combustion chamber, thereby reducing maintenance costs. After heat exchange in the flue gas waste heat recovery equipment 9, the high-temperature flue gas becomes low-temperature flue gas. The low-temperature flue gas is sent to the paddle dryer 1 to provide some of the energy required for drying, while enhancing the heat and mass transfer of the material in the dryer, achieving the effect of enhanced heat transfer and cascade utilization of heat. Subsequently, the gas is discharged after dust and solids are separated by the cyclone separator 2.

[0053] The low-concentration combustion chamber 8 utilizes microchannels to achieve efficient combustion of combustible gas at low concentrations. A flue gas blowing device is added inside the combustion chamber to reduce the adhesion of pyrolysis tar within the combustion chamber.

[0054] The flue gas waste heat recovery equipment is a shell-and-tube or tubular heat exchanger. The flue gas waste heat recovery equipment is connected to the paddle dryer via a pipe. After heat exchange, the low-temperature flue gas is sent to the paddle dryer through this pipe to provide heat for drying.

[0055] Example 8 describes a distributed organic solid waste cogeneration system. If the specific scenario requires less hot water and more carbon, the amount of air supplied can be reduced (at least to ensure complete combustion in the low-concentration gas combustion chamber 8), preventing some organic solid waste in the grate carbonization furnace 5 from burning. The heat required for baking and carbonization in the grate carbonization furnace 5 is mainly provided by the low-concentration gas combustion chamber 8. If the specific scenario requires more hot water and less carbon, the amount of air supplied can be increased, ensuring complete combustion of some organic solid waste in the grate carbonization furnace 5 and raising the pyrolysis temperature, thereby generating more pyrolysis gas. The hot flue gas generated after the pyrolysis gas mixes with air and is then used in a flue gas waste heat recovery device to generate more hot water.

[0056] All other structures are the same as in Example 6.

[0057] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A distributed organic solid waste cogeneration system, characterized in that: It includes a pulverizing and drying module, a carbonization module, and a combustion heat exchange module. The discharge end of the pulverizing and drying module is connected to the feed end of the carbonization module, the gas outlet end of the carbonization module is connected to the gas inlet end of the combustion heat exchange module, and the gas outlet end of the combustion heat exchange module is connected to the gas inlet end of the pulverizing and drying module. Organic solid waste enters the pulverizing and drying module and is dried there. The treated organic solid waste is then sent to the carbonization module, where it is carbonized. The pyrolysis tar generated during the carbonization process adheres to the newly entering organic solid waste and undergoes secondary treatment. The pyrolysis tar is decomposed at high temperature to form small-molecule combustible gas and coke. The coke after carbonization is discharged from the discharge end, and the small-molecule combustible gas enters the combustion heat exchange module and is burned there to generate low-temperature flue gas. The low-temperature flue gas then enters the pulverizing and drying module. The pulverizing and drying module includes a paddle dryer (1), a low-temperature heat transfer oil storage tank (3), a high-temperature heat transfer oil storage tank (4), and a solar collector (12). The paddle dryer (1), the low-temperature heat transfer oil storage tank (3), the solar collector (12), and the high-temperature heat transfer oil storage tank (4) are connected by pipelines to form a heat transfer oil circuit. The discharge end of the paddle dryer (1) is connected to the carbonization module. The paddle dryer (1) is equipped with a hollow shaft, and several blade-type paddles are connected to the hollow shaft. The air outlet of the paddle dryer (1) is connected to a cyclone separator (2), and the air inlet of the paddle dryer (1) is connected to the combustion heat exchange module. The carbonization module includes a grate carbonization furnace (5), which is connected to the crushing and drying module through a feed inlet (20) located at the top. The grate carbonization furnace (5) is equipped with a conveying component and a grate (22). The feeding end of the conveying component corresponds to the feed inlet (20), the discharge end of the conveying component corresponds to the feeding end of the grate (22), and the discharge end of the grate (22) corresponds to the discharge outlet (25) located at the bottom of the grate carbonization furnace (5). A gas distributor (26) is also provided at the bottom of the grate carbonization furnace (5). The grate carbonization furnace (5) is also provided with a baffle (27) in the middle. The baffle (27) is located between the conveying component and the grate (22). The baffle (27) is provided with a feeding port that cooperates with the conveying component. An inclined auxiliary feeding plate (28) is connected to the feeding port. The conveying assembly includes at least two sets of conveyor belts (21), with the discharge ends of the conveyor belts (21) being staggered. The combustion heat exchange module includes a low-concentration gas combustion chamber (8), a flue gas waste heat recovery device (9), a hot water storage tank (10), and a cold water storage tank (11). One end of the low-concentration gas combustion chamber (8) is connected to the carbonization module, and the other end of the low-concentration gas combustion chamber (8) is connected to the flue gas waste heat recovery device (9). The outlet end of the flue gas waste heat recovery device (9) is connected to the pulverizing and drying module. The hot water storage tank (10) is connected to the cold water storage tank (11) through the flue gas waste heat recovery device (9).

2. The distributed organic solid waste cogeneration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The paddle dryer (1) is equipped with a screw feeder at the discharge end, and the paddle dryer (1) is connected to the carbonization module through the screw feeder.

3. The distributed organic solid waste cogeneration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grate carbonization furnace (5) is also equipped with an oil spray nozzle (24), which is located above the discharge port (25) of the grate carbonization furnace (5) and corresponds to the grate (22).

4. A distributed organic solid waste cogeneration system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed end of the low-concentration gas combustion chamber (8) is also equipped with a gas-liquid separator (7) and a cyclone separator II (6), which is connected to the gas outlet of the carbonization module.

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