Standardized soft steel buffer shock-absorbing energy dissipation seismic block and construction method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses an assembled standardized soft steel buffer damping energy dissipation anti-seismic block and a construction method thereof, and comprises a D-shaped hollow rubber block, a steel pre-embedded concrete body, a steel damping energy dissipation device and an assembled cap beam / tai cap; the D-shaped hollow rubber block is detachably connected to the side surface of the steel pre-embedded concrete body; the steel pre-embedded concrete body is detachably connected to the steel damping energy dissipation device; the steel damping energy dissipation device is detachably arranged on the assembled cap beam / tai cap; in addition, the application also discloses a construction method of the assembled standardized soft steel buffer damping energy dissipation anti-seismic block. The application can realize standardized design and assembled construction before an earthquake; has the functions of "gradual buffering, double damping", "multi-channel defense and segmented energy dissipation" in the earthquake center; has the abilities of "easy repair after the earthquake and function self-recovery" after the earthquake; and meets the requirements of multi-level anti-seismic defense.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of bridge engineering, specifically relating to a prefabricated standardized soft steel buffer, shock absorption, energy dissipation, and seismic-resistant block and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] When bridges lack transverse seismic blocks, the main girder typically experiences significant transverse displacement under seismic loads, leading to damage such as uplift, shearing, and dislodging of the supports, and even severe seismic damage like girder collapse. Therefore, a suitable component is urgently needed to limit the main girder displacement and prevent support failure and girder collapse. Currently, the most widely used component in small- and medium-span beam bridges both domestically and internationally is the traditional monolithic cast-in-place reinforced concrete block. This involves pre-installing reinforcing bars at both ends of the cap beam during construction, and then connecting the block to the cap beam as a whole using cast-in-place concrete.

[0003] However, domestic bridge engineers' understanding of abutments is mostly at a perceptual stage, with significant blind spots. The design and application of prefabricated abutments and energy-dissipating abutments are even less common, and seismic codes only treat abutments as a structural measure. Under horizontal seismic forces, abutments are load-bearing and force-transmitting components; designing them solely as structural elements is inappropriate. Consequently, during the period of widespread application of monolithic cast-in-place reinforced concrete abutments, seismic damage to seismic abutments was very common, and the degree of damage was relatively more severe than that of other structural components. Their rational design deserves further consideration.

[0004] The main problems at present are as follows:

[0005] (1) There is no design basis for seismic code, and there is a lack of unified design standards and methods, resulting in too much arbitrariness in the design of retaining blocks.

[0006] Current seismic design codes for bridges in my country lack specifications for abutment design and mechanical analysis models. This leads designers to treat abutments as general structural measures, neglecting their importance, and relying heavily on their experience in the design process. There is also no unified approach across the country regarding abutment types and reinforcement details, and seismic calculations for abutments are almost never performed. For massive engineering projects like bridges, abutments constitute a very small proportion of the overall structure, and their role is often overlooked. Consequently, there is a lack of unified design research on bridge abutments both domestically and internationally.

[0007] (2) It is impossible to achieve standardized design and it is difficult to select the appropriate retaining block scheme according to the waterproofing level, superstructure and site type.

[0008] The reinforced concrete abutments commonly used both domestically and internationally are structurally reinforced based on experience, and steel abutments are also designed solely based on experience. This results in insufficient clarity regarding the failure mechanism and stress mode of the abutments under actual seismic loading, and a lack of consensus on which analytical model to use in seismic analysis of the abutments themselves, thus hindering standardized abutment design. As a primary component of the bridge's lateral support, the abutment plays a crucial role in lateral restraint during earthquakes. However, if designed too strongly, seismic forces may be directly transmitted to the substructure, and the enormous impact force generated by the collision between the abutment and the beam may further amplify the damage to the bridge structure. Conversely, if designed too weakly, the abutment's load-bearing capacity may be insufficient, leading to premature failure and thus failing to fulfill its lateral restraint function.

[0009] (3) It is difficult to realize the prefabricated construction technology before the earthquake, the buffering and shock absorption function, energy dissipation function in the epicenter, and the recoverability and replaceability after the earthquake.

[0010] With the increasing maturity of prefabricated construction technology for bridge structures, seismic abutments, as an important transverse structural measure in bridge systems, also need to be constructed using prefabricated technology to achieve rapid construction of the entire bridge structure system. Under seismic loading, the collision between the bridge main girder and the abutment is typically a rigid collision. This means that the seismic force transmitted from the girder to the abutment includes not only horizontal collision force but also the instantaneous impact force generated by the rigid collision effect. This significantly increases the internal force requirements on the seismic abutment itself, making it more susceptible to failure and unable to perform its conventional restraining function. Furthermore, the failure of traditional monolithic cast-in-place reinforced concrete abutments is usually bending or shear failure, lacking a clear energy dissipation mechanism and corresponding energy dissipation function. In addition, post-earthquake functionally recoverable structural measures are currently experiencing a new wave of research in the field of earthquake engineering. Simultaneously, with the rapid development of the country and the increasing demand for a better life, the seismic performance of bridge structures must be continuously improved. Bridge seismic design is gradually shifting from traditional strength design and performance-based ductility design to post-earthquake functionally recoverable development. Easily removable and replaceable energy dissipation devices are incorporated into bridge structures. During earthquakes, structural damage and energy dissipation are concentrated within these devices, effectively dissipating seismic energy while maintaining the main structure's elasticity. Post-earthquake repair only requires replacing the damaged devices, facilitating a rapid restoration of the structure's functionality. However, domestic standards lack specific guidelines for replaceable limiting devices, and various proposed block designs by researchers are inconsistent and lack consensus, remaining in a phase of diverse and debated approaches. Furthermore, traditional reinforced concrete blocks, constructed using monolithic techniques, not only suffer damage to cap beams or abutments under strong earthquakes but also face significant challenges in post-earthquake repair and reinforcement. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The purpose of this invention is to address the aforementioned shortcomings in the prior art by providing a prefabricated standardized soft steel buffer, shock absorption, energy dissipation, and seismic-resistant block and its construction method, thereby solving the problems of inconsistent design structures, lack of standardization, and inconvenience in replacement of existing seismic-resistant blocks.

[0012] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0013] Firstly, a prefabricated standardized soft steel buffer, damping, energy dissipation and seismic blocking block, which includes a "D"-shaped hollow rubber block, a steel embedded concrete body, a steel damping energy dissipation device and a prefabricated cap beam / cap.

[0014] The “D”-shaped hollow rubber block is detachably connected to the side of the steel embedded concrete body; the steel embedded concrete body is detachably connected to the steel damping energy dissipation device; the steel damping energy dissipation device is detachably installed on the prefabricated cap beam / abutment.

[0015] Furthermore, the exterior of the "D"-shaped hollow rubber block is "D"-shaped, and the interior of the "D"-shaped hollow rubber block contains several "D"-shaped hollow sections; the "D"-shaped hollow rubber block is connected to the perforated steel plate I through vulcanization treatment; the perforated steel plate I has multiple bolt holes I reserved.

[0016] The “D” type hollow rubber block is detachably connected to the side of the steel embedded concrete body (away from the edge of the prefabricated cap beam / domestic cap) by bolt I.

[0017] Furthermore, the steel-embedded concrete body includes embedded part I and several through steel bars I;

[0018] Embedded part I includes perforated steel plate II, perforated steel plate III, and PBL connector I; PBL connector I is disposed between perforated steel plate II and perforated steel plate III; and perforated steel plate II and PBL connector I, as well as perforated steel plate III and PBL connector I, are connected by double-sided fillet welds.

[0019] Furthermore, the perforated steel plate II has multiple bolt holes II pre-drilled, and bolt sleeves I are welded at the bolt holes II; the perforated steel plate II is the same size as the perforated steel plate I; and the number and arrangement of the bolt holes II of the perforated steel plate II are the same as those of the bolt holes I of the perforated steel plate I; bolts I are arranged inside the bolt sleeves I, and bolts I pass through the bolt holes II and I pre-drilled in the perforated steel plate II and are threadedly connected to the bolt sleeves I at the bolt holes II, so as to connect the steel embedded concrete body with the "D" type hollow rubber block.

[0020] Furthermore, the perforated steel plate Ⅲ has multiple bolt holes Ⅲ, and bolt sleeves Ⅱ are welded at the bolt holes Ⅲ.

[0021] Furthermore, the PBL connector I has multiple through-bar round holes I; the through-bar I is a threaded bar; the number of through-bar round holes I of the PBL connector I is equal to the number of through-bar I; several through-bar I are respectively arranged in the through-bar round holes I of the PBL connector I.

[0022] The steel-embedded concrete body is detachably connected to the steel damping energy dissipation device via bolt II.

[0023] Furthermore, the steel damping energy dissipation device includes a perforated steel plate IV, a vertical steel plate, multiple "dog bone" steel plates, a vertical "H" shaped steel plate, and a perforated steel plate V;

[0024] The perforated steel plate IV has multiple bolt holes IV; the perforated steel plate IV is the same size as the perforated steel plate III; and the number and arrangement of the bolt holes IV in the perforated steel plate IV are the same as those in the perforated steel plate III; bolts II are installed in the bolt holes IV, and bolts II pass through the bolt holes IV and III in the perforated steel plate III and are threadedly connected to the bolt sleeve II at the bolt hole III, so as to connect the steel damping energy dissipation device to the steel embedded concrete body.

[0025] Furthermore, the vertical steel plate and the perforated steel plate Ⅳ are connected by double-sided fillet welds; the "dog bone" steel plate is welded between the vertical steel plate and the vertical "H"-shaped steel plate by double-sided fillet welds; the "dog bone" steel plate is gradually weakened from both ends to the middle; the "dog bone" steel plate is made of low yield point steel (mild steel); multiple "dog bone" steel plates are arranged in the vertical direction; the vertical "H"-shaped steel plate and the perforated steel plate Ⅴ are connected by double-sided fillet welds; the perforated steel plate Ⅴ has multiple bolt holes Ⅴ reserved.

[0026] The steel damping energy dissipation device is detachably installed on the prefabricated cap beam / basement via bolt III.

[0027] Furthermore, the prefabricated cap beam / domestic cap includes embedded parts II and several through steel bars II;

[0028] Embedded part II includes perforated steel plate VI and PBL connector II, which are connected by double-sided fillet welds. Perforated steel plate VI has multiple bolt holes VI, and bolt sleeves III are welded at the bolt holes VI. Perforated steel plate VI is the same size as perforated steel plate V. The number and arrangement of bolt holes VI of perforated steel plate VI are the same as those of bolt holes V of perforated steel plate V. Bolts III are installed inside bolt sleeves III. Bolts III pass through the bolt holes VI and V of perforated steel plate VI and are threadedly connected to bolt sleeves III at bolt holes VI to connect the steel damping energy dissipation device to the prefabricated cap beam / abutment.

[0029] Furthermore, the PBL connector II has multiple through-bar round holes II; the through-bar II is a threaded bar; several through-bar II are respectively arranged in the through-bar round holes II of the PBL connector II.

[0030] Secondly, a construction method for prefabricated standardized mild steel buffer, damping, energy-dissipating, and seismic-resistant blocks includes the following steps:

[0031] S1, Factory Prefabrication Stage, which includes:

[0032] S1.1 Steel Structure Component Fabrication: Mass production and processing of steel structure components, including:

[0033] Perforated steel plate I, with pre-drilled bolt hole I; Perforated steel plate II, with pre-drilled bolt hole II, bolt sleeve I; Perforated steel plate III, with pre-drilled bolt hole III, bolt sleeve II; PBL connector I, with pre-drilled through-reinforcing bar round hole I; Perforated steel plate IV, with pre-drilled bolt hole IV; Vertical steel plate; "dog bone" type steel plate; Vertical "H" shaped steel plate; Perforated steel plate V, with pre-drilled bolt hole V; Perforated steel plate VI, with pre-drilled bolt hole VI, bolt sleeve III; PBL connector II, with pre-drilled through-reinforcing bar round hole II;

[0034] S1.2 Welding of steel structure components: This involves batch welding and connecting the steel structure components from step S1.1, including:

[0035] Embedded part I: The perforated steel plate II and the perforated steel plate III are connected to the PBL connector I by double-sided fillet welds. The bolt sleeve I is welded to the bolt hole II of the perforated steel plate II, and the bolt sleeve II is welded to the bolt hole III of the perforated steel plate III.

[0036] Embedded part II: Connect the perforated steel plate VI to the PBL connector II by double-sided fillet weld, and weld the bolt sleeve III to the bolt hole VI of the perforated steel plate VI;

[0037] Steel damping energy dissipation device: First, connect the perforated steel plate Ⅳ to the vertical steel plate with double-sided fillet welds. Second, weld the "dog bone" steel plate between the vertical steel plate and the vertical "H" shaped steel plate with double-sided fillet welds. Finally, connect the vertical "H" shaped steel plate to the perforated steel plate Ⅴ with double-sided fillet welds.

[0038] S1.3 Reinforcing steel component processing: Mass production and processing of reinforcing steel components, including: continuous reinforcing steel I; continuous reinforcing steel II;

[0039] S1.4, Concrete Structural Component Fabrication: All concrete structural components will be mass-produced and processed, including:

[0040] Steel-embedded concrete body: The steel-embedded concrete body is fabricated by configuring embedded part I and through steel reinforcement I;

[0041] Prefabricated cap beam / apron cap: Components of the bridge structure itself, including embedded parts II, through steel bars II, and cap beam / apron cap, are used to fabricate prefabricated cap beams / apron caps.

[0042] S1.5. Fabrication and connection of other types of components, including:

[0043] "D" type hollow rubber block: Process "D" type hollow rubber block, reserve the "D" type hollow part, and vulcanize it on the perforated steel plate I;

[0044] S2, On-site assembly stage, which includes:

[0045] S2.1 After transporting the “D”-shaped hollow rubber block, steel-embedded concrete body, steel damping energy dissipation device, and prefabricated cap beam / abutment to the construction site, assemble them in sequence.

[0046] S2.2 Hoist the steel damping energy dissipation device onto the prefabricated cap beam / abutment, ensuring that the bolt hole V of the perforated steel plate V is aligned with the bolt hole VI of the perforated steel plate VI of the embedded part II, and then screw in and tighten the bolt III, thus realizing the assembly of the steel damping energy dissipation device and the prefabricated cap beam / abutment.

[0047] S2.3. Hoist the steel embedded concrete body, ensuring that the bolt hole Ⅲ of the perforated steel plate Ⅲ of the embedded part Ⅰ is aligned with the bolt hole Ⅳ of the perforated steel plate Ⅳ, and then screw in and tighten the bolt Ⅱ, thus realizing the assembly of the steel embedded concrete body and the steel damping energy dissipation device.

[0048] S2.4 Hoist the “D” type hollow rubber block, ensuring that the bolt hole I of the perforated steel plate I is aligned with the bolt hole II of the perforated steel plate II of the embedded part I, and then screw in and tighten the bolt I, thus realizing the assembly of the “D” type hollow rubber block and the steel embedded concrete body.

[0049] S2.5 After assembling the steel damping energy dissipation device with the prefabricated cap beam / abutment, the steel embedded concrete body with the steel damping energy dissipation device, and the "D"-shaped hollow rubber block with the steel embedded concrete body, the overall assembly construction of the prefabricated standardized soft steel buffer shock absorption energy dissipation seismic block is completed.

[0050] The prefabricated standardized mild steel buffer, shock absorption, energy dissipation, and seismic-resistant block and its construction method provided by this invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0051] 1. This invention enables standardized design and prefabricated construction before an earthquake; during an earthquake, it has the functions of "gradual buffering and dual shock reduction" and "multi-layered fortification and segmented energy consumption"; after an earthquake, it has the ability of "easy repair and self-recovery"; and it meets the requirements of multi-level seismic fortification.

[0052] 2. This invention incorporates "D"-shaped hollow rubber blocks. These blocks reduce the contact area between the abutment and the main bridge beam, increasing deformation capacity. This prevents the abutment from directly bearing the lateral impact force of the beam under seismic loads, transforming the rigid collision between the beam and the abutment into a soft impact, which is absorbed and dissipated by the rubber blocks. This significantly reduces the impact force, providing a buffering and shock-absorbing function, and lowering the seismic force transmitted to the substructure of the bridge. Furthermore, the external "D" shape and multiple internal "D"-shaped hollows gradually transform the collision process from a line collision to a surface collision, with the collision area gradually increasing. This means that as the collision force increases, the collision stiffness also increases. This two-stage stiffness variation process, both externally and internally, achieves the function of "gradual buffering and dual shock absorption."

[0053] 3. The steel-embedded concrete body of the present invention can be regarded as a traditional reinforced concrete block. Due to the configuration of steel structure embedded parts, its seismic resistance is greatly improved, which can ensure that it is not easily damaged or destroyed under earthquakes. Secondly, as a connection structure between the "D"-shaped hollow rubber block and the steel damping energy dissipation device, it can ensure a reliable connection between the two. Compared with the use of an integral steel structure connection, this part significantly reduces the cost and maintains the characteristics of traditional reinforced concrete blocks.

[0054] 4. The steel damping energy dissipation device of the present invention connects only the "H"-shaped steel plates on both sides to the prefabricated cap beam / abutment. By setting multiple "dog-bone" steel plates in the vertical direction, the force transmission path is transformed. After the lateral collision force of the beam is transmitted to the vertical steel plate through the steel embedded concrete, the overall strength of the "H"-shaped steel plate is stronger than that of the "dog-bone" steel plate between the "H"-shaped steel plate and the vertical steel plate. As a result, the bending moment on the vertical steel plate is further transmitted, causing the "dog-bone" steel plate to undergo bending and torsional deformation, thereby significantly dissipating seismic energy. The entire block exhibits rotational or translational energy dissipation. In addition, the "dog-bone" steel plate is made of low-yield-point steel (mild steel) and has a structural feature of gradually weakening from both ends to the middle. This ensures that the steel damping energy dissipation device yields and dissipates energy first under seismic action compared to other components. Furthermore, it achieves the characteristic of concentrating plastic failure in the middle of the "dog-bone" steel plate to form ductile damage during strong earthquakes, thereby enhancing its energy dissipation capacity.

[0055] 5. In the steel damping energy dissipation device of the present invention, there are multiple "dog bone" steel plates in the vertical direction. During the collision between the beam and the stop, the "dog bone" steel plates at different heights from the rotation center of the stop have different degrees of deformation, resulting in different energy dissipation. As the collision force increases, the "dog bone" steel plates change from elastic deformation to plastic deformation. The seismic energy is dissipated through the inelastic deformation after the yielding of the soft steel. Energy is dissipated sequentially from top to bottom, exhibiting energy dissipation gradient and stable hysteresis performance. This achieves step-by-step precise control, meets the requirements of multi-level seismic fortification, and realizes the function of "multi-level fortification and segmented energy dissipation".

[0056] 6. The prefabricated cap beam / apron cap of the present invention is the cap beam / apron cap of the bridge structure itself, and only the embedded part II and the through steel bar II are added. It has little impact on its own structural construction and steel bar configuration. After the embedded part is set, the overall assembly construction of the seismic block can be achieved by bolts.

[0057] 7. The prefabricated standardized soft steel buffer, shock absorption, and energy dissipation seismic block of this invention comprises four main components: a "D"-shaped hollow rubber block, a steel-embedded concrete body, a steel damping energy dissipation device, and a prefabricated cap beam / stadium. These components are conveniently installed and disassembled, and easily repaired and replaced via bolts. Furthermore, the bolts, bolt sleeves, PBL connectors, and through-reinforcement bars work together to ensure the reliability of the prefabricated connection. In addition, all components can be prefabricated in a factory for customized mass production, achieving precise prefabricated construction with simplicity and convenience. Factory prefabrication also ensures quality and precision, resulting in significant socio-economic benefits. Damage to each component is controllable; any damaged component can be replaced individually after an earthquake, meeting the requirement of easy replacement after an earthquake and achieving the function of "easy repair after an earthquake and self-recovery of function."

[0058] 8. The prefabricated standardized soft steel buffer, damping, energy-dissipating, and seismic-resistant block of the present invention has sufficient lateral limiting capacity, as well as a certain buffering and damping function. It has sufficient load-bearing capacity, strong plastic deformation capacity, and sufficient ductile energy dissipation. It can effectively reduce the seismic response requirements of the substructure and also has the characteristics of "easy repair and easy replacement" of the prefabricated type.

[0059] 9. The prefabricated standardized mild steel buffer, damping, and energy-dissipating seismic abutment of this invention has a clear force transmission path, a clear mechanical mechanism, significant damage characteristics, a reasonable mechanical constitutive analysis model, and stable and controllable design parameters. Based on the damage performance level of the abutment and the seismic performance index system of the bridge, a quantitative relationship between structural seismic indexes, performance levels, and abutment product types can be established to obtain a seismic design selection table for the abutment, achieving "standardized" design. For bridges corresponding to different seismic intensity zones, waterproofing levels, structural forms, superstructure types, and site types, abutment structure construction with different seismic collision force requirements can be proposed. This is of great significance for the seismic safety of bridge structures with seismic abutments and the design of seismic abutments for newly built bridges. Attached Figure Description

[0060] Figure 1 This is a front view (longitudinal bridge direction) of the prefabricated standardized mild steel buffer, shock absorption, energy dissipation and seismic blocking block of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 2 This is a top view of the prefabricated standardized mild steel buffer, shock absorption, energy dissipation, and seismic blocking block of the present invention.

[0062] Figure 3This is a side view (transverse bridge direction, near the edge of the prefabricated cap beam / abutment) of the present invention, showing the prefabricated standardized mild steel buffer, shock absorption, energy dissipation and seismic blocking block.

[0063] Figure 4 This is a side view (transverse bridge direction, away from the edge of the prefabricated cap beam / abutment) of the present invention, showing the prefabricated standardized soft steel buffer, shock absorption, energy dissipation and seismic blocking block.

[0064] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the perforated steel plate I.

[0065] Figure 6 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of embedded part I.

[0066] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the perforated steel plate III.

[0067] Figure 8 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the perforated steel plate V.

[0068] Figure 9 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of embedded part II.

[0069] Figure 10 This diagram illustrates the on-site assembly steps of the prefabricated standardized mild steel buffer, shock absorption, energy dissipation, and seismic blocking block of the present invention.

[0070] Figure 11 This is an engineering application diagram of the prefabricated standardized mild steel buffer, shock absorption, energy dissipation, and seismic-resistant block of the present invention.

[0071] Among them, 1. "D" type hollow rubber block; 1.1 "D" type hollow part; 1.2 Perforated steel plate I; 1.2.1 Bolt channel I; 2. Bolt I; 3. Steel embedded concrete body; 3.1 Embedded part I; 3.1.1 Perforated steel plate II; 3.1.1.1 Bolt channel II; 3.1.1.2 Bolt sleeve I; 3.1.2 Perforated steel plate III; 3.1.2.1 Bolt channel III; 3.1.2.2 Bolt sleeve II; 3.1.3 PBL connector I; 3.1.3.1 Through-reinforcing bar round hole I; 3.2 Through-reinforcing bar I; 4. 5. Bolt II; 6. Steel damping energy dissipation device; 7.1 Perforated steel plate IV; 8.1.1 Bolt hole IV; 9.2 Vertical steel plate; 10.3 Dog bone type steel plate; 11.4 Vertical "H" type steel plate; 12.5 Perforated steel plate V; 13.5.1 Bolt hole V; 14. Bolt III; 15.7 Prefabricated cap beam / domestic cap; 16. Embedded part II; 17.1.1 Perforated steel plate VI; 18.1.1 Bolt hole VI; 19.1.1.2 Bolt sleeve III; 10.1.2 PBL connector II; 11.2.1 Through reinforcing bar round hole II; 12.2 Through reinforcing bar II. Detailed Implementation

[0072] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described below to enable those skilled in the art to understand the present invention. However, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those skilled in the art, various changes are obvious as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the appended claims. All inventions utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0073] Example 1

[0074] refer to Figures 1-3 This embodiment discloses a prefabricated standardized soft steel buffer, damping, and energy-dissipating seismic stop block. This embodiment enables standardized design and prefabricated construction before an earthquake; during the earthquake, it has the functions of "gradual buffering and dual damping" and "multi-layered fortification and segmented energy dissipation"; after an earthquake, it possesses the ability to be "easy to repair and self-recover"; and it meets the requirements of multi-level seismic fortification, specifically including:

[0075] 1. D-shaped hollow rubber block; 3. Steel embedded concrete body; 5. Steel damping energy dissipation device; and 7. Prefabricated cap beam / cap.

[0076] The “D”-shaped hollow rubber block 1 is detachably connected to the side of the steel embedded concrete body 3; the steel embedded concrete body 3 is detachably connected to the steel damping energy dissipation device 5; the steel damping energy dissipation device 5 is detachably installed on the prefabricated cap beam / abutment 7.

[0077] The following will describe each of the above components in detail;

[0078] 1. Hollow rubber block of type "D";

[0079] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4 In this embodiment, the "D"-shaped hollow rubber block 1 allows the main beam of the bridge to gradually transition from line contact (collision) to surface contact (collision) when it collides with the stop block. The contact (collision) area gradually increases, and the collision stiffness changes accordingly. That is, it increases as the collision effect deepens. This not only avoids rigid collision between the two, but also plays a role in buffering and shock absorption due to its variable stiffness performance.

[0080] Specifically, in this embodiment, the "D"-shaped hollow rubber block 1 has an external "D" shape, and the interior of the "D"-shaped hollow rubber block 1 is provided with several "D"-shaped hollow parts 1.1. In practical applications, as the collision force increases, the "D"-shaped hollow parts 1.1 are gradually compressed, the collision area increases, and thus the collision stiffness between the main beam and the stop block also increases. This two-stage stiffness variation process, both external and internal, enables the "D"-shaped hollow rubber block 1 to achieve the function of "gradual buffering and double shock absorption" as a whole. The number and arrangement of the "D"-shaped hollow parts 1.1 can be determined according to the degree of buffering and shock absorption required by the "D"-shaped hollow rubber block 1 relative to the seismic collision force of the beam.

[0081] As a preferred embodiment, the "D"-shaped hollow portion 1.1 is arranged in one column (vertical) × three rows (horizontal).

[0082] The “D” type hollow rubber block 1 is connected to the perforated steel plate Ⅰ1.2 by vulcanization treatment; the perforated steel plate Ⅰ1.2 has multiple bolt holes Ⅰ1.2.1.

[0083] refer to Figure 5 As a preferred embodiment, the bolt holes I1.2.1 of the perforated steel plate I1.2 are arranged in four columns (vertical) × two rows (horizontal).

[0084] In this embodiment, the "D"-shaped hollow rubber block 1 is detachably connected to the top of the side of the steel embedded concrete body 3 (away from the edge of the prefabricated cap beam / domestic cap 7) by bolt I2. The height of the "D"-shaped hollow rubber block 1 can be adjusted to determine the specific location of the collision between the beam and the block under seismic action, so that the block as a whole undergoes the desired energy dissipation mechanism and failure mode.

[0085] 3. Steel-embedded concrete body;

[0086] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The steel-embedded concrete body 3 includes embedded part I3.1 and several through steel bars I3.2;

[0087] refer to Figure 6The embedded part I3.1 includes perforated steel plate II3.1.1, perforated steel plate III3.1.2, and PBL connector I3.1.3; PBL connector I3.1.3 is disposed between perforated steel plate II3.1.1 and perforated steel plate III3.1.2; and the perforated steel plate II3.1.1 and PBL connector I3.1.3, as well as the perforated steel plate III3.1.2 and PBL connector I3.1.3 are connected by double-sided fillet welds.

[0088] The perforated steel plate II 3.1.1 has multiple bolt holes II 3.1.1.1. Bolt sleeve I 3.1.1.2 is welded at the bolt holes II 3.1.1.1. Bolt sleeve I 3.1.1.2 is tapped. Bolt I 2 is placed inside bolt sleeve I 3.1.1.2. Bolt I 2 passes through the bolt holes II 3.1.1.1 and I 1.2.1 of the perforated steel plate II 3.1.1 and the bolt holes I 1.2.1 of the perforated steel plate I 1.2.1 and is threadedly connected to bolt sleeve I 3.1.1.2 at the bolt hole II 3.1.1.1 to connect the steel embedded concrete body 3 to the “D” type hollow rubber block 1.

[0089] Specifically, the perforated steel plate II 3.1.1 is the same size as the perforated steel plate I 1.2; the number and arrangement of the bolt holes II 3.1.1.1 in the perforated steel plate II 3.1.1 are the same as those in the bolt holes I 1.2.1 in the perforated steel plate I 1.2.

[0090] The bolt holes in the perforated steel plate II 3.1.1 are preferably arranged in four columns (vertical) × two rows (horizontal).

[0091] The perforated steel plate Ⅲ3.1.2 has multiple bolt holes Ⅲ3.1.2.1, and bolt sleeves Ⅱ3.1.2.2 are welded at the bolt holes Ⅲ3.1.2.1. The bolt sleeves Ⅱ3.1.2.2 are tapped.

[0092] refer to Figure 7 As a preferred embodiment, the bolt holes of the perforated steel plate Ⅲ3.1.2.1 are arranged in two columns (vertical) × six rows (horizontal).

[0093] PBL connector I 3.1.3 has multiple through-bar round holes I 3.1.3.1; the through-bar I 3.2 is a threaded bar; the number of through-bar round holes I 3.1.3.1 of PBL connector I 3.1.3 is equal to the number of through-bar I 3.2, and several through-bar I 3.2 are respectively arranged in the through-bar round holes I 3.1.3.1 of PBL connector I 3.1.3.

[0094] refer to Figure 6As a preferred embodiment, the through-bar round holes I3.1.3.1 of the PBL connector I3.1.3 are arranged in one column (vertical) × three rows (horizontal).

[0095] The preferred number of through-bar reinforcement I3.2 is 3.

[0096] In this embodiment, the steel-embedded concrete body 3 is detachably connected to the steel damping energy dissipation device 5 by bolt II4.

[0097] 5. Steel damping energy dissipation device;

[0098] refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The steel damping energy dissipation device 5 includes a perforated steel plate Ⅳ5.1, a vertical steel plate 5.2, a multi-strip "dog bone" steel plate 5.3, a vertical "H" shaped steel plate 5.4, and a perforated steel plate Ⅴ5.5;

[0099] The perforated steel plate Ⅳ5.1 has multiple bolt holes Ⅳ5.1.1; the perforated steel plate Ⅳ5.1 is the same size as the perforated steel plate Ⅲ3.1.2; and the number and arrangement of the bolt holes Ⅳ5.1.1 of the perforated steel plate Ⅳ5.1 are the same as the bolt holes Ⅲ3.1.2.1 of the perforated steel plate Ⅲ3.1.2; bolts Ⅱ4 are arranged in the bolt holes Ⅳ5.1.1, and bolts Ⅱ4 pass through the bolt holes Ⅳ5.1.1 and Ⅲ3.1.2.1 of the perforated steel plate Ⅲ3.1.2 and are threadedly connected to the bolt sleeve Ⅱ3.1.2.2 at the bolt hole Ⅲ3.1.2.1, so as to connect the steel damping energy dissipation device 5 to the steel embedded concrete body 3.

[0100] The bolt holes of the perforated steel plate Ⅳ5.1.1 are preferably arranged in two columns (vertical) × six rows (horizontal).

[0101] Vertical steel plate 5.2 is connected to perforated steel plate Ⅳ5.1 by double-sided fillet welds; "dog bone" steel plate 5.3 is welded between vertical steel plate 5.2 and vertical "H" shaped steel plate 5.4 by double-sided fillet welds; "dog bone" steel plate 5.3 is gradually weakened from both ends to the middle; "dog bone" steel plate 5.3 is made of low yield point steel (mild steel); multiple "dog bone" steel plates 5.3 are arranged vertically; vertical "H" shaped steel plate 5.4 is connected to perforated steel plate Ⅴ5.5 by double-sided fillet welds; perforated steel plate Ⅴ5.5 has multiple bolt holes Ⅴ5.5.1.

[0102] In this embodiment, the "dog-bone" steel plate 5.3 is gradually weakened from both ends towards the middle, so as to concentrate plastic failure in the middle of the "dog-bone" steel plate 5.3 during strong earthquakes, thereby forming ductile damage and enhancing its energy dissipation capacity. The "dog-bone" steel plate 5.3 is made of low yield point steel (soft steel) to ensure that it yields first under seismic action and dissipates energy. The number of "dog-bone" steel plates 5.3 can be determined according to the seismic block collision force requirements corresponding to different seismic intensity zones, waterproofing levels, bridge structure forms, superstructure types, and site types, to achieve "standardized" design.

[0103] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 As a preferred embodiment, six "dog bone" steel plates 5.3 are arranged in the vertical direction.

[0104] refer to Figure 8 As a preferred embodiment, the bolt holes V5.5.1 of the perforated steel plate V5.5 are arranged in three columns (longitudinal bridge direction) × two rows (transverse bridge direction).

[0105] In this embodiment, the steel damping energy dissipation device 5 is detachably mounted on the prefabricated cap beam / basement 7 via bolts Ⅲ6.

[0106] 7. Prefabricated cap beam / pier cap;

[0107] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 The prefabricated cap beam / domestic cap 7 includes embedded parts II7.1 and several through steel bars II7.2;

[0108] refer to Figure 9 The embedded part II7.1 includes the perforated steel plate VI7.1.1 and the PBL connector II7.1.2; the perforated steel plate VI7.1.1 and the PBL connector II7.1.2 are connected by a double-sided fillet weld.

[0109] The perforated steel plate VI7.1.1 has multiple bolt holes VI7.1.1.1. Bolt sleeves Ⅲ7.1.1.2 are welded at the bolt holes VI7.1.1.1. Bolt sleeves Ⅲ7.1.1.2 are tapped. Bolts Ⅲ6 are installed inside bolt sleeves Ⅲ7.1.1.2. Bolts Ⅲ6 pass through the bolt holes VI7.1.1.1 and V5.5.1 of the perforated steel plate VI7.1.1.1 and are threadedly connected to bolt sleeves Ⅲ7.1.1.2 at bolt holes VI7.1.1.1 to connect the steel damping energy dissipation device 5 to the prefabricated cap beam / basement 7.

[0110] Specifically, the perforated steel plate VI7.1.1 is the same size as the perforated steel plate V5.5; the number and arrangement of the bolt holes VI7.1.1.1 in the perforated steel plate VI7.1.1 are the same as those in the bolt holes V5.5.1 in the perforated steel plate V5.5.

[0111] The bolt holes of the perforated steel plate VI7.1.1.1 are preferably arranged in three columns (longitudinal bridge direction) × two rows (transverse bridge direction).

[0112] PBL connector II 7.1.2 has multiple through-bar round holes II 7.1.2.1; the through-bar II 7.2 is a threaded bar; the number of through-bar round holes II 7.1.2.1 of PBL connector II 7.1.2 is equal to the number of through-bar II 7.2, and several through-bar II 7.2 are respectively arranged in the through-bar round holes II 7.1.2.1 of PBL connector II 7.1.2.

[0113] refer to Figure 9 As a preferred embodiment, the through-bar round holes II7.1.2.1 of the PBL connector II7.1.2 are arranged in one column (vertical) × four rows (horizontal).

[0114] The preferred number of through-bar II7.2 is 4.

[0115] Meanwhile, to ensure that other steel structural components (except for the "dog bone" steel plate 5.3) in the prefabricated standardized soft steel buffer, damping, energy dissipation and seismic blocking block are not damaged or destroyed, carbon structural steel or low alloy high strength structural steel is used.

[0116] Example 2

[0117] As the main energy-consuming component in the entire block, the steel damping energy-consuming device 5 has multiple "dog bone" steel plates 5.3 in the vertical direction, realizing the function of "multi-level defense and segmented energy consumption". The selection of its component size and steel grade is very important.

[0118] Based on this, this embodiment provides another preferred method for the "dog-bone" steel plate 5.3. The "dog-bone" steel plate 5.3 in the steel damping energy dissipation device 5 is a "sacrificial" energy dissipation component. Because the degree of deformation of the "dog-bone" steel plate 5.3 in the vertical direction is different when the beam collides with the stop block, that is, the degree of deformation of the "dog-bone" steel plate 5.3 decreases sequentially from top to bottom. In this embodiment, the thickness and grade of the "dog-bone" steel plate 5.3 are the same from top to bottom, so that the "dog-bone" steel plate 5.3 dissipates energy sequentially from top to bottom, realizing the function of "gradual yielding and gradual energy dissipation".

[0119] Example 3

[0120] To achieve the "synchronous yielding and synchronous energy dissipation" function of the steel damping energy dissipation device 5 components, this embodiment provides another specific preferred method for the "dog bone" steel plate 5.3. The thickness of the "dog bone" steel plate 5.3 in the steel damping energy dissipation device 5 is equal from top to bottom, while the grade of the mild steel decreases sequentially, so that the "dog bone" steel plate 5.3 dissipates energy together from top to bottom, achieving the function of "synchronous yielding and synchronous energy dissipation".

[0121] Example 4

[0122] To achieve the "synchronous yielding and synchronous energy dissipation" function of the steel damping energy dissipation device 5 components, this embodiment provides another specific implementation of the "dog bone" steel plate 5.3. The "dog bone" steel plate 5.3 in the steel damping energy dissipation device 5 uses the same grade of mild steel from top to bottom, but the thickness decreases sequentially, so that the "dog bone" steel plate 5.3 dissipates energy together from top to bottom, achieving the function of "synchronous yielding and synchronous energy dissipation".

[0123] Example 5

[0124] This embodiment, based on the stop structure in Embodiments 1 to 4, presents a construction method for a prefabricated standardized soft steel buffer, shock absorption, energy dissipation, and seismic-resistant stop block. (Refer to...) Figures 1-10 Specifically, it includes the following steps:

[0125] Step S1, the factory prefabrication stage, includes:

[0126] Step S1.1, Steel Structure Component Processing: This involves the mass production and processing of steel structure components, including:

[0127] Perforated steel plate I 1.2, with reserved bolt channels I 1.2.1; Perforated steel plate II 3.1.1, with reserved bolt channels II 3.1.1.1, and bolt sleeve I 3.1.1.2; Perforated steel plate III 3.1.2, with reserved bolt channels III 3.1.2.1, and bolt sleeve II 3.1.2.2; PBL connector I 3.1.3, with reserved through-bar round hole I 3.1.3.1; Perforated steel plate IV 5. 1. Reserved bolt holes IV 5.1.1; Vertical steel plate 5.2; "dog bone" type steel plate 5.3; Vertical "H" shaped steel plate 5.4; Perforated steel plate V 5.5, Reserved bolt holes V 5.5.1; Perforated steel plate VI 7.1.1, Reserved bolt holes VI 7.1.1.1, Bolt sleeve III 7.1.1.2; PBL connector II 7.1.2, Reserved through-bar round hole II 7.1.2.1;

[0128] Step S1.2, Welding of steel structure components: The steel structure components from step S1.1 are then batch-welded together, including:

[0129] Embedded part I 3.1: Connect the perforated steel plate II 3.1.1 and the perforated steel plate III 3.1.2 to the PBL connector I 3.1.3 with double-sided fillet welds. Weld the bolt sleeve I 3.1.1.2 to the bolt hole II 3.1.1.1 of the perforated steel plate II 3.1.1, and weld the bolt sleeve II 3.1.2.2 to the bolt hole III 3.1.2.1 of the perforated steel plate III 3.1.2.

[0130] Embedded part II7.1: Connect the perforated steel plate VI7.1.1 and PBL connector II7.1.2 with a double-sided fillet weld, and weld the bolt sleeve III7.1.1.2 to the bolt hole VI7.1.1.1 of the perforated steel plate VI7.1.1;

[0131] Steel damping energy dissipation device 5: The perforated steel plate Ⅳ5.1 and the vertical steel plate 5.2 are connected by double-sided fillet welds. Next, the "dog bone" steel plate 5.3 is welded between the vertical steel plate 5.2 and the vertical "H" shaped steel plate 5.4 by double-sided fillet welds. Finally, the vertical "H" shaped steel plate 5.4 and the perforated steel plate Ⅴ5.5 are connected by double-sided fillet welds.

[0132] Step S1.3, Reinforcing steel component processing: The reinforcing steel components are mass-produced and processed, including: continuous reinforcing steel I 3.2; continuous reinforcing steel II 7.2;

[0133] Step S1.4, Concrete Structural Component Processing: Mass production processing of all concrete structural components, including:

[0134] Steel-embedded concrete body 3: Configuring embedded parts I3.1 and through steel bars I3.2 to process steel-embedded concrete body 3;

[0135] Prefabricated cap beam / abutment cap 7: The prefabricated cap beam / abutment cap 7 is fabricated by configuring embedded parts II 7.1, through steel bars II 7.2 and the components of the cap beam / abutment cap of the bridge structure itself.

[0136] Step S1.5, processing and connection of other types of components, including:

[0137] “D” type hollow rubber block 1: Process “D” type hollow rubber block 1, reserve “D” type hollow part 1.1, and vulcanize it on perforated steel plate I 1.2;

[0138] Step S2, on-site assembly stage, includes:

[0139] Step S2.1: After transporting the “D”-shaped hollow rubber block 1, steel embedded concrete body 3, steel damping energy dissipation device 5, and prefabricated cap beam / abutment cap 7 to the construction site, assemble them in sequence.

[0140] Step S2.2: Hoist the steel damping energy dissipation device 5 onto the prefabricated cap beam / basement 7, ensuring that the bolt hole V5.5.1 of the perforated steel plate V5.5 is aligned with the bolt hole VI7.1.1.1 of the perforated steel plate VI7.1.1 of the embedded part II7.1, and then screw in and tighten the bolt III6, thus completing the assembly of the steel damping energy dissipation device 5 and the prefabricated cap beam / basement 7;

[0141] Step S2.3: Hoist the steel embedded concrete body 3, ensuring that the bolt hole Ⅲ3.1.2.1 of the perforated steel plate Ⅲ3.1.2 of the embedded part Ⅰ3.1 is aligned with the bolt hole Ⅳ5.1.1 of the perforated steel plate Ⅳ5.1, and then screw in and tighten the bolt Ⅱ4, thus realizing the assembly of the steel embedded concrete body 3 and the steel damping energy dissipation device 5.

[0142] Step S2.4: Hoist the “D” type hollow rubber block 1, ensuring that the bolt hole I1.2.1 of the perforated steel plate I1.2 is aligned with the bolt hole II3.1.1.1 of the perforated steel plate II3.1.1 of the embedded part I3.1, and then screw in and tighten the bolt I2, thus realizing the assembly of the “D” type hollow rubber block 1 and the steel embedded concrete body 3;

[0143] Step S2.5: After assembling the steel damping energy dissipation device 5 with the prefabricated cap beam / abutment 7, the steel embedded concrete body 3 with the steel damping energy dissipation device 5, and the "D"-shaped hollow rubber block 1 with the steel embedded concrete body 3, the overall assembly construction of the prefabricated standardized soft steel buffer shock absorption energy dissipation seismic blocking block is completed.

[0144] refer to Figures 1 to 11 The working principle of the prefabricated standardized mild steel buffer, damping, energy dissipation, and seismic-resistant block in this embodiment under different levels of earthquakes in actual engineering applications is as follows:

[0145] Under minor earthquakes, the lateral displacement of the bridge main beam exceeds the gap between the abutments, causing the beam to collide with the abutments, specifically with the "D"-shaped hollow rubber block 1. The outer surface of the "D"-shaped hollow rubber block 1 is compressed, while the internal "D"-shaped hollow portion 1.1 experiences only slight compression. The seismic impact force is buffered and transmitted to the steel-embedded concrete body 3. The steel-embedded concrete body 3 has sufficient bearing capacity and further transmits the force to the steel damping energy dissipation device 5. The "dog-bone" steel plate 5.3 remains largely undeformed, thus the seismic force transmitted to the prefabricated cap beam / apron 7 is almost entirely dissipated. All components of the abutments have sufficient strength and show no significant deformation. The elastic deformation of the "D"-shaped hollow rubber block 1 is recoverable, and no replacement of any components of the abutments is required after the earthquake.

[0146] Under moderate earthquake conditions, the hollow portion 1.1 of the "D"-shaped hollow rubber block 1 was significantly compressed, the steel-embedded concrete body 3 suffered minor damage, and the "dog-bone" steel plate 5.3 of the steel damping energy dissipation device 5 deformed only slightly, with elastic deformation occurring only in the middle, but without yielding. Consequently, the seismic force transmitted to the prefabricated cap beam / abutment 7 was even smaller. All components of the stop block had sufficient strength and no obvious damage. After the earthquake, only the "D"-shaped hollow rubber block 1 needed to be replaced by removing bolt I2.

[0147] Under the strong earthquake, the hollow portion 1.1 of the "D"-shaped hollow rubber block 1 was completely compressed, allowing the dual buffering effect of the "D"-shaped hollow rubber block 1 to be fully utilized. The steel-embedded concrete body 3 suffered moderate damage, and the "dog-bone" steel plate 5.3 of the steel damping energy dissipation device 5 yielded in the middle, undergoing plastic deformation and effectively dissipating energy. Consequently, the seismic force transmitted to the prefabricated cap beam / abutment 7 was also relatively small. After the earthquake, only the "D"-shaped hollow rubber block 1 and the steel-embedded concrete body 3 needed to be replaced by removing bolt II4.

[0148] Under the massive earthquake, both the exterior and the internal D-shaped hollow portion 1.1 of the "D"-shaped hollow rubber block 1 were completely compressed, fully demonstrating the dual buffering effect of the "D"-shaped hollow rubber block 1. The steel-embedded concrete body 3 suffered severe damage, and the "dog-bone" steel plate 5.3 of the steel damping energy dissipation device 5 yielded along its entire cross-section, entering a plastic state, resulting in significant energy dissipation. Consequently, the prefabricated cap beam / abutment 7 was kept to a minimum extent of damage. After the earthquake, the entire stop block needs to be replaced by disassembling bolt Ⅲ6, while the prefabricated cap beam / abutment 7 only requires simple repair.

[0149] Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this patent. Various modifications and variations that can be made by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort within the scope described in the claims still fall within the scope of protection of this patent.

Claims

1. A prefabricated standardized mild steel buffer, shock absorption, energy dissipation, and seismic-resistant block, characterized in that: Including "D"-shaped hollow rubber blocks, steel-embedded concrete bodies, steel damping energy dissipation devices, and prefabricated cap beams / caps; The "D"-shaped hollow rubber block is detachably connected to the side of the steel-embedded concrete body; the steel-embedded concrete body is detachably connected to the steel damping energy dissipation device; the steel damping energy dissipation device is detachably mounted on the prefabricated cap beam / abutment. The "D"-shaped hollow rubber block has an "D" shape on the outside and several "D"-shaped hollow parts inside; the "D"-shaped hollow rubber block is connected to the perforated steel plate I through vulcanization treatment; the perforated steel plate I has multiple bolt holes I reserved; The steel-embedded concrete body includes an embedded part I and several through steel bars I; The embedded part I includes a perforated steel plate II, a perforated steel plate III, and a PBL connector I; the PBL connector I is disposed between the perforated steel plate II and the perforated steel plate III; and the perforated steel plate II and the PBL connector I, as well as the perforated steel plate III and the PBL connector I, are connected by double-sided fillet welds. The steel damping energy dissipation device includes a perforated steel plate IV, a vertical steel plate, multiple "dog bone" type steel plates, a vertical "H" type steel plate, and a perforated steel plate V; The perforated steel plate IV has multiple bolt holes IV; and the number and arrangement of the bolt holes IV in the perforated steel plate IV are the same as those in the bolt holes III in the perforated steel plate III; bolts II are arranged in the bolt holes IV, and the bolts II pass through the bolt holes IV and III in the perforated steel plate III and are threadedly connected to the bolt sleeve II at the bolt hole III, so as to connect the steel damping energy dissipation device to the steel embedded concrete body.

2. The prefabricated standardized mild steel buffer, shock absorption, energy dissipation, and seismic-resistant block according to claim 1, characterized in that: The perforated steel plate II has multiple bolt holes II, and bolt sleeves I are welded at the bolt holes II; the number and arrangement of the bolt holes II of the perforated steel plate II are the same as the bolt holes I of the perforated steel plate I; a bolt I is disposed inside the bolt sleeve I, and the bolt I passes through the bolt holes II and the bolt holes I of the perforated steel plate I and is threadedly connected to the bolt sleeve I at the bolt holes II, so as to connect the steel embedded concrete body to the "D"-shaped hollow rubber block.

3. The prefabricated standardized mild steel buffer, shock absorption, energy dissipation, and seismic-resistant block according to claim 1, characterized in that: The perforated steel plate Ⅲ has multiple bolt holes Ⅲ, and bolt sleeves Ⅱ are welded at the bolt holes Ⅲ.

4. The prefabricated standardized mild steel buffer, shock absorption, energy dissipation, and seismic-resistant block according to claim 1, characterized in that: The PBL connector I has multiple through-bar round holes I; the through-bar I is a threaded steel bar; several through-bar I are respectively arranged in the through-bar round holes I of the PBL connector I.

5. The prefabricated standardized mild steel buffer, shock absorption, energy dissipation, and seismic-resistant block according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical steel plate and the perforated steel plate IV are connected by double-sided fillet welds; the "dog bone" steel plate is welded between the vertical steel plate and the vertical "H" shaped steel plate by double-sided fillet welds; the "dog bone" steel plate is gradually weakened from both ends to the middle; the material of the "dog bone" steel plate is mild steel; multiple "dog bone" steel plates are arranged vertically; the vertical "H" shaped steel plate and the perforated steel plate V are connected by double-sided fillet welds; the perforated steel plate V has multiple bolt holes V.

6. The prefabricated standardized mild steel buffer, shock absorption, energy dissipation, and seismic-resistant block according to claim 1, characterized in that: The prefabricated cap beam / domestic cap includes embedded parts II and several through steel bars II; The embedded part II includes a perforated steel plate VI and a PBL connector II, which are connected by a double-sided fillet weld. The perforated steel plate VI has multiple bolt holes VI, and bolt sleeves III are welded at the bolt holes VI. The number and arrangement of the bolt holes VI of the perforated steel plate VI are the same as those of the bolt holes V of the perforated steel plate V. Bolts III are disposed inside the bolt sleeves III, and the bolts III pass through the bolt holes VI and V of the perforated steel plate VI and are threadedly connected to the bolt sleeves III at the bolt holes VI, so as to connect the steel damping energy dissipation device to the prefabricated cap beam / abutment. The PBL connector II has multiple through-bar round holes II; the through-bar II is a threaded steel bar; several through-bar II are respectively arranged in the through-bar round holes II of the PBL connector II.

7. The construction method of the prefabricated standardized mild steel buffer, shock absorption, energy dissipation, and seismic-resistant block according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1, Factory Prefabrication Stage, which includes: S1.1 Steel Structure Component Fabrication: Mass production and processing of steel structure components, including: Perforated steel plate I, with pre-drilled bolt hole I; Perforated steel plate II, with pre-drilled bolt hole II, bolt sleeve I; Perforated steel plate III, with pre-drilled bolt hole III, bolt sleeve II; PBL connector I, with pre-drilled through-reinforcing bar round hole I; Perforated steel plate IV, with pre-drilled bolt hole IV; Vertical steel plate; "dog bone" type steel plate; Vertical "H" shaped steel plate; Perforated steel plate V, with pre-drilled bolt hole V; Perforated steel plate VI, with pre-drilled bolt hole VI, bolt sleeve III; PBL connector II, with pre-drilled through-reinforcing bar round hole II; S1.2 Welding of steel structure components: This involves batch welding and connecting the steel structure components described in step S1.1, including: Embedded part I: The perforated steel plate II and the perforated steel plate III are connected to the PBL connector I by double-sided fillet welds. The bolt sleeve I is welded to the bolt hole II of the perforated steel plate II, and the bolt sleeve II is welded to the bolt hole III of the perforated steel plate III. Embedded part II: Connect the perforated steel plate VI to the PBL connector II by double-sided fillet weld, and weld the bolt sleeve III to the bolt hole VI of the perforated steel plate VI; Steel damping energy dissipation device: First, connect the perforated steel plate Ⅳ to the vertical steel plate with double-sided fillet welds. Second, weld the "dog bone" steel plate between the vertical steel plate and the vertical "H" shaped steel plate with double-sided fillet welds. Finally, connect the vertical "H" shaped steel plate to the perforated steel plate Ⅴ with double-sided fillet welds. S1.3 Reinforcing steel component processing: Mass production and processing of reinforcing steel components, including: continuous reinforcing steel I; continuous reinforcing steel II; S1.4, Concrete Structural Component Fabrication: All concrete structural components will be mass-produced and processed, including: Steel-embedded concrete body: The steel-embedded concrete body is fabricated by configuring embedded part I and through steel reinforcement I; Prefabricated cap beam / apron cap: Components of the bridge structure itself, including embedded parts II, through steel bars II, and cap beam / apron cap, are used to fabricate prefabricated cap beams / apron caps. S1.

5. Fabrication and connection of other types of components, including: "D" type hollow rubber block: Process "D" type hollow rubber block, reserve the "D" type hollow part, and vulcanize it on the perforated steel plate I; S2, On-site assembly stage, which includes: S2.1 After transporting the "D"-shaped hollow rubber block, steel embedded concrete body, steel damping energy dissipation device, and prefabricated cap beam / abutment to the construction site, assemble them in sequence. S2.2 Hoist the steel damping energy dissipation device onto the prefabricated cap beam / abutment, ensuring that the bolt hole V of the perforated steel plate V is aligned with the bolt hole VI of the perforated steel plate VI of the embedded part II, and then screw in and tighten the bolt III, thus realizing the assembly of the steel damping energy dissipation device and the prefabricated cap beam / abutment. S2.

3. Hoist the steel embedded concrete body, ensuring that the bolt hole Ⅲ of the perforated steel plate Ⅲ of the embedded part Ⅰ is aligned with the bolt hole Ⅳ of the perforated steel plate Ⅳ, and then screw in and tighten the bolt Ⅱ, thus realizing the assembly of the steel embedded concrete body and the steel damping energy dissipation device. S2.4 Hoist the "D" type hollow rubber block, ensuring that the bolt hole I of the perforated steel plate I is aligned with the bolt hole II of the perforated steel plate II of the embedded part I, and then screw in and tighten the bolt I, thus realizing the assembly of the "D" type hollow rubber block and the steel embedded concrete body. S2.5 After assembling the steel damping energy dissipation device with the prefabricated cap beam / abutment, the steel embedded concrete body with the steel damping energy dissipation device, and the "D"-shaped hollow rubber block with the steel embedded concrete body, the overall assembly construction of the prefabricated standardized soft steel buffer shock absorption energy dissipation seismic block is completed.

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