A compound fertilizer for improving the fruit quality of kiwifruit and its preparation method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a compound fertilizer for improving the fruit quality of kiwifruit and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of special fertilizers for kiwifruit. The compound fertilizer for improving the fruit quality of kiwifruit, by weight, comprises the following components: 20-30 parts of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, 10-15 parts of potassium fertilizer, 0.2-0.5 part of Bacillus subtilis, 0.5-1 part of Bacillus mucilaginosus, 5-8 parts of peanut meal, 1-3 parts of Chlamydomonas sajao and 0.2-0.5 part of soil loosening agent. In the formula provided by the present invention, each component can specifically inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms in the soil, strengthen the kiwifruit plants, so that they are not infected by diseases. When applied during the budding period, it has a good control effect on Botryosphaeria or Phomopsis acting on the flowering period and young fruit period, can greatly reduce the incidence rate of kiwifruit fruit soft rot disease, and improve economic benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of special fertilizers for kiwifruit, and particularly relates to a compound fertilizer for improving the quality of kiwifruit and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Kiwi fruit (Actinidia chinensis Planch), also known as fox peach, vine pear, sheep peach, wood seed, hairy wood fruit, kiwi fruit, and vine fruit, is generally oval in shape, with a green-brown appearance and dense fuzz on the skin, and bright green flesh and a row of black seeds inside. Kiwi fruit has a soft texture and a sweet and sour taste. The taste is described as a mixture of strawberry, banana, and pineapple. In addition to organic substances such as actinidia, proteolytic enzymes, tannin pectin, and sugars, as well as trace elements such as calcium, potassium, selenium, zinc, and germanium, and 17 kinds of amino acids required by the human body, kiwi fruit is also rich in vitamin C, gluconic acid, fructose, citric acid, malic acid, and fat, and is known as the "King of Chinese Fruits."

[0003] There are relatively few wild kiwifruits, and the kiwifruits sold on the market are all artificially grown, which are susceptible to a variety of diseases, such as soft rot, gray mold, anthracnose, black spot, and sunscald. Among them, soft rot has a greater impact. Kiwifruit soft rot is a fruit disease caused by Botrytis cinerea or Phomopsis sp., which mainly harms fruits near maturity and storage. The pathogen begins to infect the fruit during the flowering and young fruit stages, lurking in the flesh for a long time. When picked, there are usually no symptoms on the outside of the fruit, and the disease does not occur until the fruit is ripened. This characteristic is difficult to detect when picking, which makes soft rot have a serious adverse effect on the sales of kiwifruit. How to effectively prevent and control soft rot is a major problem in this field. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a compound fertilizer for improving the quality of kiwifruit and a preparation method thereof. By applying a specific compound fertilizer during the budding period of kiwifruit, the growth and reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms in the soil are specifically inhibited, and the kiwifruit plants are strengthened to prevent them from being infected by diseases, especially having a good control effect on Botrytis cinerea or Phomopsis spp. that act on the flowering period and young fruit period.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is to provide a compound fertilizer for improving the quality of kiwifruit. The compound fertilizer comprises, by weight, 20 to 30 parts of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, 10 to 15 parts of potassium fertilizer, 0.2 to 0.5 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 0.5 to 1 parts of Bacillus gelatinosa, 5 to 8 parts of peanut meal, 1 to 3 parts of Chlamydomonas dasyphylla and 0.2 to 0.5 parts of soil loosening agent.

[0007] The compound fertilizer of the present invention contains quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and potash fertilizer, the purpose of which is to improve the disease resistance of kiwifruit trees. The addition of Bacillus subtilis can produce a variety of antibacterial active substances, effectively inhibiting the reproduction of harmful pathogens; similarly, as the dominant bacterial community in the soil, Bacillus jelly can not only secrete organic acid substances to inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms, but also decompose the original ecological minerals of aluminum silicates such as feldspar and mica, so that the insoluble K, P, Si and the like in the soil are converted into soluble substances for plant growth and utilization, and has a nitrogen fixation effect and can produce a variety of biologically active substances to promote the growth of kiwifruit and Chlamydomonas serrata; and peanut meal provides sufficient nutrients for the Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus jelly added in the present invention for their rapid reproduction; Chlamydomonas serrata can promote its rapid reproduction by colonizing in the soil, especially Si activated by Bacillus jelly, providing more organic matter for the soil and improving the soil structure; the addition of the loosening agent can loosen the soil, which is convenient for the growth of microorganisms and Chlamydomonas serrata in the compound fertilizer of the present invention.

[0008] Preferably, the components include, by weight: 25 parts of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, 15 parts of potash fertilizer, 0.3 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 0.5 parts of Bacillus gelatinosa, 6 parts of peanut meal, 2 parts of Chlamydomonas aeruginosa and 0.3 parts of soil loosening agent.

[0009] Preferably, the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is urea and / or ammonium sulfate.

[0010] Preferably, the potash fertilizer is one or more of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

[0011] Preferably, the soil loosening agent is anionic polyacrylamide.

[0012] The second technical solution of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above-mentioned compound fertilizer for improving the quality of kiwi fruit, the steps comprising: evenly mixing quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus gelatinosa, peanut meal, Chlamydomonas aeruginosa and a soil loosening agent to obtain the compound fertilizer for improving the quality of kiwi fruit.

[0013] The third technical solution of the present invention is to provide an application of the above-mentioned compound fertilizer for improving the quality of kiwifruit in kiwifruit planting.

[0014] Preferably, the compound fertilizer for improving the fruit quality of kiwifruit is applied during the budding period of kiwifruit.

[0015] The present invention chooses to apply the prepared specific compound fertilizer during the budding period of kiwifruit. The reason is that there is a certain amount of biological fertilizer in the compound fertilizer, which needs time to exert its effect. Application during the budding period can effectively act on kiwifruit during the flowering period and young fruit period of kiwifruit. In addition to preventing Botrytis cinerea or Phomopsis spp. from invading kiwifruit trees to improve the quality of kiwifruit, the fruit setting rate of kiwifruit can also be increased to achieve the effect of increasing production.

[0016] The beneficial technical effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0017] The present invention prepares a compound fertilizer for improving the fruit quality of kiwifruit by using quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, peanut meal, Chlamydomonas sajao Lewin and a soil loosening agent as raw materials. The preparation method is simple and only requires uniform mixing.

[0018] In the formula provided by the present invention, each component can specifically inhibit the growth and reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms in the soil, strengthen the kiwifruit plants, so that they are not infected by diseases. When applied during the budding period, it has a good control effect on Botryosphaeria dothidea or Phomopsis sp. acting on the flowering period and young fruit period, can greatly reduce the incidence rate of kiwifruit fruit soft rot disease, and improve economic benefits.

[0019] In the formula provided by the present invention, each component cooperates with each other to jointly achieve the effect of improving the fruit quality and total yield of kiwifruit, and has great popularization and application value. Detailed implementation manners

[0020] Now, various exemplary implementation manners of the present invention will be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, characteristics and implementation schemes of the present invention. It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing specific implementation manners and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0021] In addition, for the numerical ranges in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Any intermediate value within any stated value or stated range, as well as each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0022] Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains. Although the present invention only describes preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention.

[0023] Regarding the terms "comprising", "including", "having", "containing", etc. used herein, they are all open-ended terms, that is, they are meant to include but not limited to.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] Preparation of compound fertilizer for improving the fruit quality of kiwifruit:

[0026] 25 parts of urea, 15 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.3 part of Bacillus subtilis, 0.5 part of Bacillus mucilaginosus, 6 parts of peanut meal, 2 parts of Chlamydomonas sajao and 0.3 part of anionic polyacrylamide.

[0027] Example 2

[0028] Preparation of compound fertilizer for improving the quality of kiwifruit:

[0029] 20 parts of ammonium sulfate, 15 parts of potassium sulfate, 0.5 part of Bacillus subtilis, 0.8 part of Bacillus mucilaginosus, 7 parts of peanut meal, 1 part of Chlamydomonas sajao and 0.2 part of anionic polyacrylamide.

[0030] Example 3

[0031] Preparation of compound fertilizer for improving the quality of kiwifruit:

[0032] 30 parts of urea, 10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2 part of Bacillus subtilis, 1 part of Bacillus mucilaginosus, 5 parts of peanut meal, 3 parts of Chlamydomonas sajao and 0.5 part of anionic polyacrylamide.

[0033] Comparative Example 1

[0034] Preparation of compound fertilizer for improving the quality of kiwifruit:

[0035] Compared with Example 1, the difference is only that the addition of Bacillus mucilaginosus is omitted.

[0036] Comparative Example 2

[0037] Preparation of compound fertilizer for improving the quality of kiwifruit:

[0038] Compared with Example 1, the difference is only that the addition of Chlamydomonas sajao is omitted.

[0039] Compare the effects of the compound fertilizers for improving the quality of kiwifruit prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2:

[0040] Select a kiwifruit orchard in Qingdao as the test base. The kiwifruit trees planted are 5-year-old Jasper kiwifruit. Select 140 kiwifruit trees with comparable growth. Divide them into 7 groups with 20 trees in each group. Among them, 5 groups are respectively applied with the compound fertilizers prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 during the budding stage of kiwifruit, 1 group is applied with the compound fertilizer of Example 1 during the full-bloom stage, and 1 group is applied with a compound fertilizer composed of 25 parts of urea and 15 parts of potassium sulfate during the budding stage; the application method is ditch application; the application rate is 1 kg / tree; the management measures in other periods are the same.

[0041] Statistical analysis was performed on the total yield, average single fruit weight and vitamin C content of 20 kiwifruit trees in each group. After storing all kiwifruit for 10 days, the number of soft rot fruits was counted, and the disease incidence was calculated. The statistical results are shown in Table 1.

[0042] Table 1 Yield and soft rot disease incidence of kiwifruit in each group

[0043]

[0044] It can be seen from Table 1 that applying the compound fertilizer formulated according to the formula of the present invention during the budding period of kiwifruit can greatly improve the yield and fruit quality of kiwifruit, and reduce the incidence of soft rot disease of kiwifruit, among which the group of Example 1 is particularly prominent. In terms of the selection of the application period, when using the compound fertilizer of the group of Example 1 at different times, it will have an impact on the yield, fruit quality and disease resistance of kiwifruit. It is better to apply it during the budding period.

[0045] The above-described embodiments are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations and improvements made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. Application of a compound fertilizer for improving the fruit quality of kiwifruit in kiwifruit cultivation, characterized in that, By weight, the components of the compound fertilizer for improving the quality of kiwifruit are as follows: 20 - 30 parts of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, 10 - 15 parts of potassium fertilizer, 0.2 - 0.5 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 0.5 - 1 part of Bacillus mucilaginosus, 5 - 8 parts of peanut meal, 1 - 3 parts of Chlamydomonas sajao, and 0.2 - 0.5 parts of soil loosening agent; The application period of the compound fertilizer for improving the quality of kiwifruit is the budding period of kiwifruit.

2. The application according to claim 1, wherein By weight, the components of the compound fertilizer for improving the quality of kiwifruit are as follows: 25 parts of quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, 15 parts of potassium fertilizer, 0.3 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 0.5 part of Bacillus mucilaginosus, 6 parts of peanut meal, 2 parts of Chlamydomonas sajao, and 0.3 part of soil loosening agent.

3. The application according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is urea and / or ammonium sulfate.

4. The application according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The potassium fertilizer is one or more of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

5. The application according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The soil loosening agent is anionic polyacrylamide.

6. The application according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The preparation steps of the compound fertilizer for improving the quality of kiwifruit include: uniformly mixing the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, peanut meal, Chlamydomonas sajao, and soil loosening agent to obtain the compound fertilizer for improving the quality of kiwifruit.

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