A sound wave detection device and method suitable for a shield

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of suitable for shield loading acoustic wave detection device and detection method, comprising: install on the acoustic wave detector of shield machine cutterhead, for with face of working, acoustic wave signal is emitted to face of working, and acoustic wave signal reflected by face of working is received;Pressure acquisition device is installed on acoustic wave detector, for obtaining the pressure of different positions of acoustic wave detector when acoustic wave detector is attached to face of working;Controller is used to control cutterhead rotation when the difference between the pressure of different positions of acoustic wave detector is greater than the set threshold value, adjust the attachment position of acoustic wave detector and face of working, until the difference between the pressure of different positions of acoustic wave detector when acoustic wave detector is attached to face of working after adjustment is less than or equal to the set threshold value.The attachment position of acoustic wave detector and face of working can be adjusted, the effective attachment of acoustic wave detector and face of working is guaranteed, and the accuracy of geological advanced prediction result is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel advance prediction shield-mounted technology, and in particular to an acoustic detection device and detection method suitable for shield-mounted equipment. Background Technology

[0002] The statements in this section are merely background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] Advanced geological forecasting is crucial for the safe and efficient completion of tunnel construction projects, especially for tunnels with complex geological conditions. In urban tunnels, particularly subway construction, advanced geological forecasting is increasingly being implemented in underground shield tunnel construction to ensure safety during construction, protect personnel and property, and reduce the occurrence of geological disasters.

[0004] Currently, geological forecasting is performed by installing acoustic probes on the cutterhead of tunnel boring machines and placing them in close contact with the tunnel face. However, the contact between the acoustic probe and the tunnel face is unknown in this method, which may result in a poor contact angle, leading to poor acoustic signal transmission and reception quality and inaccurate geological forecasting results. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention proposes an acoustic wave detection device and method suitable for use in tunnel boring machines (TBMs). This device can adjust the contact position between the acoustic wave detector and the tunnel face, ensuring effective contact between the detector and the face and guaranteeing the accuracy of geological advance prediction results.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] Firstly, a sonic detection device suitable for use on tunnel boring machines is proposed, comprising:

[0008] The acoustic wave detector installed on the cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine is used to come into contact with the face of the tunnel, emit acoustic wave signals toward the face of the tunnel, and receive acoustic wave signals reflected from the face of the tunnel.

[0009] The pressure acquisition device installed on the acoustic wave detector is used to acquire the pressure at different positions of the acoustic wave detector when it is in contact with the working face.

[0010] The controller is used to control the rotation of the cutter head and adjust the contact position between the acoustic wave detector and the working face when the pressure difference between different positions of the acoustic wave detector is greater than a set threshold. After adjustment, when the acoustic wave detector is in contact with the working face, the pressure difference between different positions of the acoustic wave detector is less than or equal to the set threshold.

[0011] Secondly, a sound wave detection method suitable for tunnel boring machines is proposed, including:

[0012] The acoustic detector is attached to the working face;

[0013] The pressure at different locations of the acoustic detector is obtained by a pressure acquisition device when the acoustic detector is in contact with the working face.

[0014] When the pressure difference between different positions of the acoustic wave detector is greater than the set threshold, the cutter head is controlled to rotate, and the contact position between the acoustic wave detector and the working face is adjusted.

[0015] When the adjusted acoustic detector is in contact with the working face, and the pressure difference between different positions of the acoustic detector is less than or equal to the set threshold, the acoustic detector emits acoustic signals to the working face and receives the acoustic signals reflected from the working face.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0017] 1. This invention obtains the pressure at different positions of the acoustic detector when it is in contact with the working face using a pressure acquisition device. Then, the contact position between the acoustic detector and the working face is adjusted according to the pressure at different positions. After adjustment, the pressure difference between different positions of the acoustic detector is less than or equal to a set threshold when it is in contact with the working face, thereby achieving effective contact between the acoustic detector and the working face and ensuring the accuracy of geological advance prediction results.

[0018] 2. This invention connects the acoustic wave detector to the telescopic device and the telescopic device to the cutter head, which facilitates the mounting of the acoustic wave detector.

[0019] 3. The telescopic device of the present invention adopts a multi-stage hydraulic cylinder, which shortens the overall length of the acoustic wave detector and the telescopic device, and can place the acoustic wave detector and the telescopic device as a whole in the groove of the cutter head, which greatly avoids the risk of structural damage to the acoustic wave detector and the telescopic device due to rock breakage.

[0020] 4. This invention places the acoustic probe inside a horn-shaped shell. In addition to protecting the acoustic probe, the horn-shaped shell can also focus the acoustic signal emitted by the acoustic probe and propagate the focused acoustic signal to the working face for advanced geological prediction, thereby improving the sensitivity of advanced geological prediction.

[0021] Advantages of additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments of this application and their descriptions are used to explain this application and do not constitute an undue limitation of this application.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a simplified structural diagram of the device disclosed in Example 1;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a side view of the device disclosed in Embodiment 1;

[0025] Figure 3 The arrangement diagram of the pressure sensor is disclosed for Example 1.

[0026] The components are: 1. Chassis, 2. First oil port, 3. Second oil port, 4. Cable, 5. First-stage hydraulic cylinder circuit, 6. Second-stage hydraulic cylinder circuit, 7. First-stage hydraulic cylinder, 8. Second-stage hydraulic cylinder, 9. Acoustic wave detector, 10. Pressure sensor, 11. Thread, 12. Hydraulic cylinder sealing protection device, 13. Cable protection device, 14. Flange. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0028] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of this application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] Currently, geological forecasting is mainly conducted by installing acoustic probes on the cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine and bringing the probes into contact with the tunnel face. However, the contact between the acoustic probes and the tunnel face is unknown in this method, which may result in poor contact angles, poor transmission and reception quality of acoustic signals, and inaccurate geological forecasting results.

[0031] Furthermore, in this geological advance prediction method, the acoustic probe is connected to the cutterhead via a hydraulic propulsion cylinder. However, the acoustic probe and the hydraulic propulsion cylinder are separate. Due to the limited thickness of the cutterhead, the separation of the probe and the hydraulic propulsion cylinder results in an excessively long overall length. This makes installation difficult during the mounting process, or mounting it on the cutterhead can lead to an excessively long tail protection device, which may be damaged by broken rocks, causing damage to the internal cylinder and probe.

[0032] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this embodiment discloses a sound wave detection device suitable for use with tunnel boring machines, such as... Figures 1-3 As shown, it includes:

[0033] The acoustic wave detector 9, installed on the cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine, is used to fit against the tunnel face, emit acoustic wave signals to the tunnel face, and receive acoustic wave signals reflected from the tunnel face.

[0034] The pressure acquisition device installed on the acoustic wave detector 9 is used to acquire the pressure at different positions of the acoustic wave detector when the acoustic wave detector is in contact with the working face.

[0035] The controller is used to control the rotation of the cutter head and adjust the contact position between the acoustic wave detector and the working face when the pressure difference between different positions of the acoustic wave detector is greater than a set threshold. After adjustment, when the acoustic wave detector is in contact with the working face, the pressure difference between different positions of the acoustic wave detector is less than or equal to the set threshold.

[0036] The pressure acquisition device includes multiple pressure sensors 10, which are located at different positions on the end face of the acoustic detector that is in contact with the tunnel face.

[0037] Preferably, the pressure acquisition device includes four pressure sensors 10, which are disposed on the end face of the acoustic detector that contacts the working face, and are evenly distributed around the circumference of the end face.

[0038] Each pressure sensor can acquire the pressure of the acoustic detector in contact with the working face.

[0039] The pressure difference between different locations of an acoustic detector refers to the pressure difference between any two different locations.

[0040] Preferably, the controller is used to calculate the pressure difference between any two different locations of the acoustic wave detector, obtain the pressure difference between different locations of the acoustic wave detector, and when one of the pressure differences between any two different locations is greater than a set threshold, it is determined that the pressure difference between different locations of the acoustic wave detector is greater than the set threshold.

[0041] The acoustic wave detector 9 includes an acoustic wave probe and a horn-shaped housing. The acoustic wave probe is installed at the small end of the horn-shaped housing. The acoustic wave emitting and detecting part of the acoustic wave probe extends into the interior of the horn-shaped housing. The small end of the horn-shaped housing is connected to the cutter head.

[0042] The small end of the horn-shaped outer shell is also connected to a protective shell, and the acoustic probe is installed inside the protective shell, which is connected to the cutter head.

[0043] The acoustic wave probe includes a front driver, a piezoelectric ceramic, and a rear driver. The front driver and the piezoelectric ceramic are connected, and both the front driver and the piezoelectric ceramic are also connected to the rear driver. The piezoelectric ceramic, as the acoustic wave emitting and detecting part of the acoustic wave probe, extends into the horn-shaped shell. In addition to providing protection for the acoustic wave emitting and detecting part, the horn-shaped shell can also focus the acoustic wave signal emitted by the acoustic wave emitting and detecting part. The focused acoustic wave signal propagates from the large end of the horn-shaped shell to the detection point, enabling advanced geological exploration at the detection point. By focusing the acoustic wave signal through the horn-shaped shell, the energy of the acoustic wave signal entering the detection point is increased, thereby improving the sensitivity and accuracy of geological exploration.

[0044] Preferably, the total length of the acoustic detector is 300mm, the large end diameter of the horn-shaped outer shell is 230mm, and the small end diameter is 50mm.

[0045] Both the front actuator and the piezoelectric ceramic are connected to the rear actuator via electrodes. The rear actuator is connected to a cable, which extends from the protective housing. The cable is used to transmit electrical signals, while the piezoelectric ceramic is used to emit acoustic signals and receive acoustic signals reflected from the probe at the working face. Specifically, when the acoustic probe emits an acoustic signal, the cable sends an electrical signal to the rear actuator. The piezoelectric ceramic, based on the piezoelectric effect, converts the electrical signal emitted during acoustic signal emission into an acoustic signal. When the acoustic probe receives the acoustic signal reflected from the probe, the piezoelectric ceramic receives the acoustic signal and converts it back into an electrical signal. This electrical signal is then transmitted from the rear actuator to the cable, and subsequently transmitted out via the cable for subsequent analysis. The piezoelectric ceramic, acting as both the acoustic wave emitting and detecting element, extends into the horn-shaped housing, which focuses the acoustic signals emitted by the piezoelectric ceramic.

[0046] To protect the cable that passes through, a cable protection device 13 is installed outside the protective housing. The cable protection device 13 is directly connected to the protective housing, and the cable connected to the rear drive passes through the cable protection device 13.

[0047] The front actuator, piezoelectric ceramic, electrodes, and rear actuator are connected by pre-tightened bolts.

[0048] Four pressure sensors are evenly distributed around the circumference of the large end face of the horn-shaped housing. When it is necessary to make advanced geological predictions of the working face, the large end of the horn-shaped housing is effectively attached to the working face.

[0049] In addition, this embodiment also includes a telescopic device. The acoustic wave detector is connected to the cutter head through the telescopic device, which can extend and retract the acoustic wave detector.

[0050] Specifically, a groove is set at the position where the acoustic sensor is installed on the cutter head, and the fixed end of the telescopic device is installed in the groove. When the telescopic device moves the acoustic sensor to retract, the acoustic sensor is located in the groove. When the telescopic device moves the acoustic sensor to extend, the acoustic sensor is located outside the groove and can fit with the detection area on the working face.

[0051] To ensure stability during the extension of the acoustic wave detector, the acoustic wave detector and the extension device are designed as an integrated unit.

[0052] The telescopic device uses a multi-stage hydraulic cylinder. The fixed end of the multi-stage hydraulic cylinder is connected to the cutter head, and the telescopic end of the multi-stage hydraulic cylinder is connected to the acoustic wave detector. The extension and retraction of the acoustic wave detector is driven by the extension and retraction of the telescopic end.

[0053] The acoustic wave detector is detachably connected to the extended end of the piston rod of the multi-stage hydraulic cylinder, which facilitates the replacement of the acoustic wave detector. The piston rod of the multi-stage hydraulic cylinder is provided with a channel for the cable of the acoustic wave detector to pass through, and the cable of the acoustic wave detector exits from the channel.

[0054] Preferably, the fixed end of the telescopic device is connected to the cutter head via flange 14, and the acoustic detector and the piston rod are connected by internal and external thread fitting.

[0055] In practical implementation, a thread 11 is provided on the outside of the protective shell of the acoustic wave detector. The piston rod adopts a hollow structure. The extension end of the piston rod of the hollow structure is provided with a thread that matches the thread 11 on the inner wall of the hollow structure. The acoustic wave detector and the extended end of the piston rod are threaded together to realize the detachable connection between the acoustic wave detector and the piston rod. The hollow structure can also serve as a channel for the cable to pass through, and the cable 4 of the acoustic wave detector can pass through the hollow structure.

[0056] To maintain stability when the acoustic detector is in contact with the tunnel face, the set length of the protective shell of the acoustic detector is inserted into the hollow structure of the piston rod and connected to the piston rod by threads.

[0057] The preferred setting is a length of 150mm, and the length of thread 11 is 40mm.

[0058] To meet the stroke requirements within a limited space, the multi-stage hydraulic cylinder is designed so that when the telescopic device retracts the acoustic detector, the detector is located inside the groove; when the telescopic device extends the detector, it is located outside the groove and can fit against the detection point on the face. In practice, a two-stage propulsion cylinder is used, with a total stroke of 300mm. The protective shell of the acoustic detector extends into the telescopic end of the piston rod of the two-stage propulsion cylinder, shortening the overall length of the acoustic detector and the two-stage propulsion cylinder. This allows the acoustic detector and the telescopic device to be completely placed into the groove of the cutterhead, greatly avoiding the risk of structural damage to the acoustic detector and the telescopic device due to rock fracturing.

[0059] Specifically, the secondary cylinder includes a cylinder barrel, a primary cylinder 7, and a secondary cylinder 8. A base plate 1 is installed at one end of the cylinder barrel. One end of the secondary cylinder 8 is fitted inside the primary cylinder 7, and the other end extends out of the primary cylinder 7. The secondary cylinder 8 can move axially along the primary cylinder 7. One end of the primary cylinder 7 is fitted inside the cylinder barrel, and the other end extends out of the first end of the cylinder barrel. The primary cylinder 7 can move axially relative to the cylinder barrel. The second end of the cylinder barrel is connected to the base plate 1, and the second end of the cylinder barrel is sealed by the base plate 1. The base plate 1 is connected to the cutter head through a flange 14.

[0060] The chassis is also provided with a first oil port 2 and a second oil port 3. The end of the first-stage oil cylinder 7 that extends into the cylinder barrel divides the inside of the cylinder barrel into a first oil chamber and a second oil chamber. The first oil chamber is the chamber in which the first-stage oil cylinder is located. The end of the second-stage oil cylinder 8 that extends into the first-stage oil cylinder 7 divides the inside of the first-stage oil cylinder 7 into a third oil chamber and a fourth oil chamber. The third oil chamber is the chamber in which the second-stage oil cylinder is located.

[0061] A cylinder sealing protection device 12 is installed between the first-stage cylinder and the cylinder barrel, and between the second-stage cylinder and the first-stage cylinder, to ensure the sealing between the first-stage cylinder and the cylinder barrel, and between the second-stage cylinder and the first-stage cylinder, and to prevent oil leakage.

[0062] The first oil port 2 is connected to the first oil pipe, and the second oil port 3 is connected to the second oil pipe. The first oil port 2 is connected to the first oil chamber through the first-stage hydraulic cylinder oil circuit 5. The first oil chamber is connected to the third oil chamber through the second-stage hydraulic cylinder oil circuit 6. The fourth oil chamber is connected to the second oil chamber, and the second oil chamber is connected to the second oil port 3. When oil is supplied to the second and fourth oil chambers through the second oil pipe and the second oil port 3, the hydraulic oil pushes the second-stage hydraulic cylinder 8 to extend from the first-stage hydraulic cylinder 7, and the first-stage hydraulic cylinder 7 to extend from its cylinder barrel, thereby causing the acoustic detector connected to the second-stage hydraulic cylinder 8 to extend. When oil is supplied to the first and second oil chambers through the first oil pipe and the first oil port 2, the hydraulic oil pushes the second-stage hydraulic cylinder 8 to retract into the first-stage hydraulic cylinder 7, and the first-stage hydraulic cylinder 7 to retract into its cylinder barrel. This realizes the extension and retraction of the acoustic detector through the telescopic device.

[0063] To protect the cables of the acoustic detector and the oil pipes of the telescopic device, a tail protection device is installed at the opening position on the back of the cutterhead. The tail protection device provides protection for the cables and oil pipes, preventing rolling rocks from damaging them.

[0064] This embodiment discloses an acoustic wave detection device suitable for shield tunneling. During advanced geological exploration at the tunnel face, the acoustic wave detector is first attached to the tunnel face. Then, the pressure at different positions of the acoustic wave detector attached to the tunnel face is obtained. When the pressure difference between different positions of the acoustic wave detector is greater than a set threshold, the cutterhead is controlled to rotate to adjust the attachment position of the acoustic wave detector to the tunnel face. When the pressure difference between different positions of the acoustic wave detector is less than or equal to the set threshold after adjustment, the acoustic wave detector emits an acoustic wave signal to the tunnel face and receives the acoustic wave signal reflected from the tunnel face.

[0065] The acoustic wave detection device disclosed in this embodiment acquires the pressure at different positions of the acoustic wave detector when it is in contact with the working face through a pressure acquisition device. Then, the contact position between the acoustic wave detector and the working face is adjusted according to the pressure at different positions, so that the difference between the pressure at different positions when the acoustic wave detector is in contact with the working face after adjustment is less than or equal to a set threshold, thereby achieving effective contact between the acoustic wave detector and the working face and ensuring the accuracy of geological advance prediction results.

[0066] This embodiment also connects the acoustic detector to the telescopic device and the telescopic device to the cutter head, which facilitates the mounting of the acoustic detector. The telescopic device adopts a multi-stage hydraulic cylinder, which shortens the overall length of the acoustic detector and the telescopic device. It can place the acoustic detector and the telescopic device as a whole in the groove of the cutter head, which greatly avoids the risk of structural damage to the acoustic detector and the telescopic device due to rock breakage.

[0067] Example 2

[0068] In this embodiment, a method for acoustic detection suitable for tunnel boring machines is disclosed, comprising:

[0069] The acoustic detector is attached to the working face;

[0070] The pressure at different locations of the acoustic detector is obtained by a pressure acquisition device when the acoustic detector is in contact with the working face.

[0071] When the pressure difference between different positions of the acoustic wave detector is greater than the set threshold, the cutter head is controlled to rotate, and the contact position between the acoustic wave detector and the working face is adjusted.

[0072] When the adjusted acoustic detector is in contact with the working face, and the pressure difference between different positions of the acoustic detector is less than or equal to the set threshold, the acoustic detector emits acoustic signals to the working face and receives the acoustic signals reflected from the working face.

[0073] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the specific implementation of the present invention. Any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sonic detection device suitable for use on a tunnel boring machine, characterized in that, include: The acoustic wave detector installed on the cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine is used to come into contact with the face of the tunnel, emit acoustic wave signals toward the face of the tunnel, and receive acoustic wave signals reflected from the face of the tunnel. The pressure acquisition device installed on the acoustic wave detector is used to acquire the pressure at different positions of the acoustic wave detector when it is in contact with the working face. The controller is used to control the rotation of the cutter head and adjust the contact position between the acoustic detector and the working face when the pressure difference between different positions of the acoustic detector is greater than a set threshold. After adjustment, when the acoustic detector is in contact with the working face, the pressure difference between different positions of the acoustic detector is less than or equal to the set threshold. The controller is used to calculate the pressure difference between any two different locations of the acoustic wave detector, obtain the pressure difference between different locations of the acoustic wave detector, and determine that the pressure difference between different locations of the acoustic wave detector is greater than the set threshold when one of the pressure differences between any two different locations is greater than the set threshold. The acoustic detector is connected to the cutter head via a telescopic device, which can extend and retract the acoustic detector. The cutter head is provided with a groove, and the fixed end of the telescopic device is installed in the groove. The telescopic device adopts a multi-stage hydraulic cylinder. When the telescopic device retracts, the acoustic detector is located in the groove, and when the telescopic device extends, the acoustic detector is located outside the groove.

2. The acoustic detection device suitable for shield tunneling as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure acquisition device includes multiple pressure sensors, which are located at different positions on the end face of the acoustic detector that contacts the working face.

3. The acoustic detection device suitable for shield tunneling as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The acoustic wave detector includes an acoustic wave probe and a horn-shaped housing. The acoustic wave probe is installed at the small end of the horn-shaped housing, and the acoustic wave emitting and detecting parts of the acoustic wave probe extend into the interior of the horn-shaped housing. The small end of the horn-shaped housing is connected to the cutter head.

4. The acoustic detection device suitable for shield tunneling as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The small end of the horn-shaped outer shell is connected to the protective shell, the acoustic probe is installed inside the protective shell, and the protective shell is connected to the cutter head.

5. The acoustic detection device suitable for shield tunneling as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The acoustic wave probe includes a front driver, a piezoelectric ceramic, and a rear driver. The front driver and the piezoelectric ceramic are connected, and both the front driver and the piezoelectric ceramic are also connected to the rear driver. The piezoelectric ceramic serves as the acoustic wave emitting and detecting part of the acoustic wave probe.

6. The acoustic detection device suitable for shield tunneling as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fixed end of the multi-stage hydraulic cylinder is connected to the cutter head, and the telescopic end of the multi-stage hydraulic cylinder is connected to the acoustic wave detector.

7. A method for acoustic detection suitable for use on a tunnel boring machine, applied to the acoustic detection device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, include: The acoustic detector is attached to the working face; The pressure at different positions of the acoustic detector is obtained by a pressure acquisition device when the acoustic detector is in contact with the working face. When the pressure difference between different positions of the acoustic wave detector is greater than the set threshold, the cutter head is controlled to rotate, and the contact position between the acoustic wave detector and the working face is adjusted. When the adjusted acoustic detector is in contact with the working face, and the pressure difference between different positions of the acoustic detector is less than or equal to the set threshold, the acoustic detector emits acoustic signals to the working face and receives the acoustic signals reflected from the working face.

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