Elastic load energy self-excited wave vibration cutting system and method for difficult-to-machine materials

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of difficult-to-machine material elastic load energy self-excited wave fluctuation cutting system and method, system includes upper rotating shaft, support disc, upper bearing seat, flexible coupling, mass block, floating disc, lower bearing seat, lower rotating shaft, connecting frame, multiple tensioning fixed parts, multiple light pole and multiple air cylinders.Upper rotating shaft, lower rotating shaft and tool can rotate with random bed tool handle, can be adjusted according to the processing needs to each air cylinder pressure respectively, change system mass by replacing mass block of different mass, and then adjust system stiffness, damping and mass, realize the adjustment of self-excited vibration occurrence domain, on this basis, adjust process parameter, realize the control of tool self-excited wave fluctuation state.The working process of the cutting system does not need additional power supply configuration, will not produce traditional ultrasonic vibration thermal effect, can produce self-excited vibration that is helpful to cutting under large load, obtain effective vibration cutting by controlling self-excited vibration, improve processing quality, reduce processing cost.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of special processing, in particular to a difficult-to-machine material elastic load self-excited wave vibration cutting system and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the development of national major equipment in the field of aerospace, various types of difficult-to-machine materials are constantly emerging, including ceramic matrix composites, polymer matrix composites, metal matrix composites, and special metal materials. The force and heat are concentrated in the manufacturing process, the tool wears quickly, the quality assurance is difficult, and the processing efficiency is low. Manufacturing defects or process physicochemical properties bring many challenges to equipment manufacturing and service performance. Vibration cutting is an effective means to face the manufacturing problems of difficult-to-machine materials. The current bottleneck problems such as high force and heat load and high load excitation in the vibration cutting process of various types of difficult-to-machine materials still need to be solved to improve the quality and efficiency of processing. For example, the thermal effect of ultrasonic vibration will cause the temperature of the ultrasonic vibration system to rise, which will reduce the elastic modulus of the equipment material and reduce the resonant frequency. However, the cutting force in the process will increase the resonant frequency. The resonant frequency under the action of thermal and mechanical load is inconsistent with the excitation frequency, which ultimately leads to the reduction of ultrasonic amplitude. The rotary ultrasonic machining tool that is excited at the unloaded resonant frequency is like a dancer dancing on a needle point, which is very easy to be affected by the thermal and mechanical load and cause excessive reduction of ultrasonic amplitude, thereby reducing the process capability or even failing. SUMMARY

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to provide a difficult-to-machine material elastic load self-excited wave vibration cutting system and method, which can constrain and control the self-excited vibration state to obtain effective vibration cutting and effectively reduce the cost.

[0004] In order to achieve the above purpose, in the first aspect, the present application provides a difficult-to-machine material elastic load self-excited wave vibration cutting system,

[0005] The system comprises an upper rotating shaft, a support disc, an upper bearing seat, a flexible coupling, a mass block, a floating disc, a lower bearing seat, a lower rotating shaft, a connecting frame, a plurality of tensioning fixing parts, a plurality of light rods, and three or more air cylinders.

[0006] The support disc, the upper bearing seat, and the floating disc are sequentially and spacedly arranged from top to bottom, the mass block is detachably fixed and installed on the upper side of the floating disc, and the lower bearing seat is installed on the lower side of the floating disc.

[0007] The upper rotating shaft passes through the support disc and is rotatably connected with the support disc through a first bearing, passes through the upper bearing seat, and is rotatably connected with the upper bearing seat through a second bearing.

[0008] The lower rotating shaft passes through the mass block, the floating disc and the lower bearing seat, and is rotatably connected with the lower bearing seat through a third bearing, one end of the lower rotating shaft is connected with the upper rotating shaft through a flexible coupling, and the other end is used for fixing the cutter;

[0009] The support disc is fixedly connected with the machine tool spindle through the connecting frame, and the plurality of tension fixing parts fixedly connect the support disc with the upper bearing seat.

[0010] The plurality of light rods are uniformly distributed around the upper rotating shaft, each light rod passes through the upper bearing seat and is connected with the upper bearing seat through a linear bearing, the upper end of the light rod is connected with the support disc, and the lower end of the light rod passes through the floating disc, the upper light rod elastic body and the lower light rod elastic body are arranged on the lower end of the light rod, and the upper light rod elastic body and the lower light rod elastic body are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the floating disc and abut against the floating disc.

[0011] The plurality of light rods are uniformly distributed around the upper rotating shaft, each light rod passes through the upper bearing seat and is connected with the upper bearing seat through a linear bearing, the upper end of the light rod is connected with the support disc, and the lower end of the light rod passes through the floating disc, the upper light rod elastic body and the lower light rod elastic body are arranged on the lower end of the light rod, and the upper light rod elastic body and the lower light rod elastic body are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the floating disc and abut against the floating disc.

[0012] The plurality of light rods are uniformly distributed around the upper rotating shaft, each light rod passes through the upper bearing seat and is connected with the upper bearing seat through a linear bearing, the upper end of the light rod is connected with the support disc, and the lower end of the light rod passes through the floating disc, the upper light rod elastic body and the lower light rod elastic body are arranged on the lower end of the light rod, and the upper light rod elastic body and the lower light rod elastic body are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the floating disc and abut against the floating disc.

[0013] The plurality of light rods are uniformly distributed around the upper rotating shaft, each light rod passes through the upper bearing seat and is connected with the upper bearing seat through a linear bearing, the upper end of the light rod is connected with the support disc, and the lower end of the light rod passes through the floating disc, the upper light rod elastic body and the lower light rod elastic body are arranged on the lower end of the light rod, and the upper light rod elastic body and the lower light rod elastic body are arranged on the upper and lower sides of the floating disc and abut against the floating disc.

[0014] Optionally, the number of the gas cylinders is four or six; and / or

[0015] The number of the light rods is two.

[0016] Optionally, the lower end of the light rod is threadedly connected with a light rod nut, the light rod nut is located on the lower side of the lower light rod elastic body and abuts the lower light rod elastic body against the lower side of the floating disc, and a step is arranged on the light rod above the upper light rod elastic body and abuts the upper light rod elastic body against the upper side of the floating disc.

[0017] Optionally, the materials of the upper light rod elastic body, the lower light rod elastic body, the upper telescopic rod elastic body and the lower telescopic rod elastic body are elastic rubber; or

[0018] The upper light rod elastic body, the lower light rod elastic body, the upper telescopic rod elastic body and the lower telescopic rod elastic body are springs.

[0019] Optionally, the connecting frame comprises a fixing ring and a plurality of supporting members, the fixing ring is fixedly connected with the supporting disc through the plurality of supporting members, a plurality of connecting holes are arranged on the fixing ring, and screws are arranged in the connecting holes to be fixedly connected with the main shaft of the machine tool.

[0020] Optionally, the number of the tension fixing parts is two, and the two tension fixing parts are uniformly distributed around the upper rotating shaft.

[0021] The tension fixing part comprises a tension rod having a stopper at one end, and a locking nut is threadedly connected to the other end of the tension rod, the tension rod passes through the supporting disc and the upper bearing seat, the locking nut is located on the lower side of the upper bearing seat, and the stopper is located on the upper side of the supporting disc.

[0022] Optionally, the difficult-to-machine material elastic load self-excited wave vibration cutting system further comprises a housing, the housing is located on the lower side of the connecting frame, the supporting disc is located in the housing, the housing is connected with the supporting disc and the upper bearing seat, the floating disc is not in contact with the housing, and the cutting tool is located outside the housing.

[0023] In a second aspect, the present application further provides a difficult-to-machine material elastic load self-excited wave vibration cutting method, and the steps are as follows.

[0024] Step one: a preparation stage, the connecting frame of any one of the difficult-to-machine material elastic load self-excited wave vibration cutting system in the first aspect is installed on the main shaft of the machine tool, the upper rotating shaft is installed on the tool shank of the machine tool, the cutting tool is connected with the lower rotating shaft, and each cylinder is connected with a corresponding gas source.

[0025] Step two: trial cutting, adjusting the gas pressure of each cylinder, setting the process parameters, measuring the vibration state of the cutting tool, if the measured vibration state of the cutting tool does not meet the requirements, the vibration state of the cutting tool is adjusted to reach the expectation according to the measured vibration state by any one of the following ways or a combination of multiple ways:

[0026] Way one: adjusting the gas pressure of one or more cylinders;

[0027] Way two: replacing the mass block with different mass;

[0028] Way three: adjusting the process parameters;

[0029] Step three: after the adjustment is completed, the machining is started, after the machining is completed, the pressure is released, and the difficult-to-machine material elastic load self-excited wave vibration cutting is disassembled.

[0030] Optionally, the pressure of all the cylinders is adjusted to be the same, and one-dimensional vibration of the cutting tool is excited;

[0031] The pressure of the cylinder in one direction is adjusted to be smaller than the pressure of the other cylinders, and two-dimensional vibration of the cutting tool is excited;

[0032] The pressures of the multiple cylinders in different directions are adjusted to be different, so that the tool generates three-dimensional vibration.

[0033] The technical scheme of the present application has the following advantages: the difficult-to-machine material elastic load self-excited wave cutting system provided by the present application comprises an upper rotating shaft, a support disc, an upper bearing seat, a flexible coupling, a mass block, a floating disc, a lower bearing seat, a lower rotating shaft, a connecting frame, multiple tensioning fixing parts, multiple light poles and multiple cylinders. The cutting system is fixedly connected to a main shaft of a machine tool through the connecting frame, the upper rotating shaft is installed on a tool shank of the machine tool, a tool is installed on the lower rotating shaft, the pressures of the cylinders can be adjusted respectively according to machining needs, the stiffness, damping and mass of the system are adjusted by replacing the mass blocks with different masses, the adjustment of the self-excited vibration generation domain of the system is realized, the system is in a state in which the self-excited vibration is easy to generate, and on this basis, the self-excited vibration domain required by the machining is excited by adjusting the process parameters, the self-excited vibration state of the tool is adjusted and controlled, the self-excited vibration state meeting the machining needs is generated, and self-excited wave cutting is realized. The working process of the cutting system does not need an additional power supply configuration, does not generate the thermal effect of traditional ultrasonic vibration, can generate self-excited vibration that is helpful to cutting under a large load, and can obtain effective vibration cutting by restraining and controlling the self-excited vibration, thereby effectively improving machining quality and reducing cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0034] The proportions and quantities of the components in the drawings provided for illustrative purposes only do not necessarily conform to the actual product.

[0035] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the relationship among the three types of parameters in self-excited vibration;

[0036] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the relationship between the adjustment of system parameters and process parameters and the self-excited wave state in the embodiment of the present application;

[0037] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a difficult-to-machine material elastic load self-excited wave cutting system in the embodiment of the present application;

[0038] Figure 4 is Figure 3 a front view schematic diagram of the difficult-to-machine material elastic load self-excited wave cutting system in the embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 5 is Figure 4 an A-A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the difficult-to-machine material elastic load self-excited wave cutting system in the embodiment of the present application;

[0040] Figure 6 is Figure 4 a top view schematic diagram of the difficult-to-machine material elastic load self-excited wave cutting system in the embodiment of the present application;

[0041] Figure 7 isFigure 6 B-B cross-sectional view of the schematic diagram of Figure 1;

[0042] Figure 8 Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a polished rod in an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] Figure 9 Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a difficult-to-machine material elastic load self-excited wave vibration cutting system in an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] Figure 10 Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a difficult-to-machine material elastic load self-excited wave vibration cutting system in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 9 Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a difficult-to-machine material elastic load self-excited wave vibration cutting system in an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] Figure 11 Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a difficult-to-machine material elastic load self-excited wave vibration cutting system in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 10 Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a difficult-to-machine material elastic load self-excited wave vibration cutting system in an embodiment of the present application;

[0046] Figure 12 Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a difficult-to-machine material elastic load self-excited wave vibration cutting system in an embodiment of the present application;

[0047] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a difficult-to-machine material elastic load self-excited wave vibration cutting system in an embodiment of the present application;

[0048] 1: upper rotating shaft;

[0049] 2: support disc;

[0050] 21: first bearing;

[0051] 3: upper bearing seat;

[0052] 31: second bearing;

[0053] 4: flexible coupling;

[0054] 5: mass block;

[0055] 6: floating disc;

[0056] 7: lower bearing seat;

[0057] 71: third bearing;

[0058] 8: lower rotating shaft;

[0059] 9: connecting frame;

[0060] 91: fixed ring;

[0061] 911: connecting hole;

[0062] 92: support;

[0063] 10: tensioning fixed part;

[0064] 101: tensioning rod;

[0065] 1011: stop block;

[0066] 102: lock nut;

[0067] 11: polished rod;

[0068] 111: linear bearing;

[0069] 112: upper polished rod elastomer;

[0070] 113: lower polished rod elastomer;

[0071] 114: polished rod nut;

[0072] 115: step;

[0073] 12: cylinder;

[0074] 121: cylinder block;

[0075] 122: telescopic rod;

[0076] 1221: upper telescopic rod elastomer;

[0077] 1222: lower telescopic rod elastomer;

[0078] 1223: telescopic rod nut;

[0079] 1224: adjusting ring;

[0080] 13: cutter;

[0081] 14: housing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0082] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0083] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0084] In the description of the present application, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connection", "linking" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be fixed connection, or detachable connection, or integrally connected, it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intermediate medium, or the communication inside two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0085] In self-excited vibration, there are three types of parameters, one type is system parameters, one type is process parameters, and one type is vibration parameters, and the mutual relationship among them is shown in Figure 1 The control target of the present application is the vibration parameter. Generally controllable is the process parameter, for example, the rotating speed, the cutting depth, the feed, which can be realized by controlling the machine tool, but the prerequisite is that the system responds to the self-excited vibration after input. Therefore, in order to better realize the self-excited vibration, the present application actively adjusts the system parameters (mass m, damping c and stiffness k) to make the system in a state easy to produce self-excited vibration. Referring to Figure 2 As shown in the figure, by adjusting the system parameters (stiffness, mass and damping), the self-excited vibration occurrence domain of the system inherent state can be adjusted, so that the system is in a state easy to produce self-excited vibration. On the basis of the self-excited vibration occurrence domain, the required self-excited vibration domain is excited by adjusting the process parameters such as rotating speed, cutting depth and feed speed, so that the tool produces a self-excited vibration state meeting the processing needs, and self-excited wave cutting is realized.

[0086] For the adjustment of damping, it is mainly realized by stiffness adjustment and mass adjustment. Generally speaking, the increase of cylinder stiffness reduces the system damping, and the increase of mass reduces the system damping.

[0087] Generally speaking, after the completion of the manufacturing and assembly of a machine tool processing equipment, its stiffness, damping and mass parameters are uniquely determined and usually cannot be changed. They mainly determine the modal of the equipment and correspond to the stability of the equipment. More popularly speaking, these parameters determine whether the equipment is easy to produce self-excited vibration. Different combinations of m, c and k will produce different self-excited vibration ranges, so that the system is in a state easy to produce self-excited vibration. Qualitatively, the increase of stiffness or the decrease of mass will increase the self-excited vibration frequency, and the increase of feed speed will increase the amplitude.

[0088] Based on this, the present application provides an elastic load energy self-excited wave cutting system and cutting method for difficult-to-machine materials, which can obtain effective vibration cutting by adjusting and controlling the self-excited vibration state through the adjustment of system parameters and process parameters, and has no influence of traditional ultrasonic vibration thermal effect. The present application is further described below through specific embodiments:

[0089] Referring to Figures 3 to 8As shown, the elastic load energy self-excited wave cutting system for difficult-to-machine materials provided by the embodiment of the present application comprises an upper rotating shaft 1, a support disc 2, an upper bearing seat 3, a flexible coupling 4, a mass block 5, a floating disc 6, a lower bearing seat 7, a lower rotating shaft 8, a connecting frame 9, a plurality of tension fixing parts 10, a plurality of light poles 11 and a plurality of air cylinders 12.

[0090] The support disc 2, the upper bearing seat 3 and the floating disc 6 are sequentially and spaced apart from top to bottom, the mass block 5 is detachably fixed and installed on the upper side of the floating disc 6, and the lower bearing seat 7 is installed on the lower side of the floating disc 6.

[0091] As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5 The upper rotating shaft 1 passes through the support disc 2 and is rotatably connected with the support disc 2 through a first bearing 21, passes through the upper bearing seat 3 and is rotatably connected with the upper bearing seat 3 through a second bearing 31.

[0092] The lower rotating shaft 8 passes through the mass block 5, the floating disc 6 and the lower bearing seat 7 and is rotatably connected with the lower bearing seat 7 through a third bearing 71, one end of the lower rotating shaft 8 is connected with the upper rotating shaft 1 through the flexible coupling 4, and the other end is used for fixing the cutter 13.

[0093] The support disc 2 can be fixedly connected with the machine tool spindle through the connecting frame 9, and the plurality of tension fixing parts 10 fixedly connect the support disc 2 with the upper bearing seat 3.

[0094] As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 6 The plurality of light poles 11 are uniformly distributed around the upper rotating shaft 1, each light pole 11 passes through the upper bearing seat 3 and is connected with the upper bearing seat 3 through a linear bearing 111, the upper end of the light pole 11 is connected with the support disc 2, the lower end passes through the floating disc 6, an upper light pole elastic body 112 and a lower light pole elastic body 113 are sleeved on the lower end of the light pole 11, and the upper light pole elastic body 112 and the lower light pole elastic body 113 are separately located on the upper and lower sides of the floating disc 6 and abut against the floating disc 6.

[0095] As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 6 The plurality of air cylinders 12 are uniformly distributed around the upper rotating shaft 1, the cylinder body 121 of each air cylinder 12 is fixedly connected with the support disc 2, the one end of the telescopic rod 122 away from the cylinder body 121 passes through the floating disc 6, an upper telescopic rod elastic body 1221 and a lower telescopic rod elastic body 1222 are sleeved on the one end of the telescopic rod 122 away from the cylinder body 121, and the upper telescopic rod elastic body 1221 and the lower telescopic rod elastic body 1222 are separately located on the upper and lower sides of the floating disc 6 and abut against the floating disc 6, and each air cylinder 12 is independently controlled.

[0096] In use, the elastic load energy self-excited wave cutting system of difficult-to-machine material is fixedly connected to the main shaft of the machine tool through the connecting frame 9, the lower rotating shaft 1 is installed on the tool holder of the machine tool, and the cutter 13 is installed on the lower rotating shaft 8, so that the cutter 13 is connected with the tool holder of the machine tool through the lower rotating shaft 8 and the upper rotating shaft 1 and rotates with the tool holder of the machine tool. Before machining, according to the machining needs (the parameters can be determined by trial cutting), each cylinder 12 is adjusted to change the rigidity between the cylinder 12 and the floating disc 6, and under the joint action of the light rods 11 and the elastic bodies (the upper light rod elastic body 112, the lower light rod elastic body 113, the upper telescopic rod elastic body 1221 and the lower telescopic rod elastic body 1222), the cylinder 12 has elastic load energy (pre-tightening force), and the system rigidity, damping and mass can be changed by replacing the mass blocks 5 of different masses, so as to realize the adjustment and control of the self-excited vibration and enable the system to generate self-excited vibration helpful for cutting under large load. If the pressures of the plurality of cylinders 12 are the same, the system can realize one-dimensional vibration, and if each cylinder 12 is adjusted separately to have different pressures, the system can realize multi-dimensional vibration. The working process of the cutting system does not need additional power supply configuration and will not produce the thermal effect of traditional ultrasonic vibration, can generate self-excited vibration helpful for cutting under large load, and can obtain effective vibration cutting by restraining and controlling the self-excited vibration, thereby effectively reducing the cost.

[0097] In order to better adjust the rigidity of the system and fix the positions of the upper telescopic rod elastic body 1221 and the lower telescopic rod elastic body 1222, in some embodiments, as shown in Figures 3 to 5 the telescopic rod 122 is provided with a threaded telescopic rod nut 1223, and the telescopic rod nut 1223 is located below the lower telescopic rod elastic body 1222 to abut the lower telescopic rod elastic body 1222 against the lower side of the floating disc 6. The telescopic rod 122 is also provided with a threaded adjusting ring 1224 located above the upper telescopic rod elastic body 1221 to abut the upper telescopic rod elastic body 1221 against the upper side of the floating disc 6.

[0098] In the embodiment, the number of cylinders 12 can be three, four, five, six or the like, preferably the number of cylinders 12 is four or six or the like which can be symmetrically arranged for convenient control and calculation. More preferably, the number of cylinders 12 is four. As shown in Figure 12 the centers of the four cylinders 12 are respectively represented by A, B, C and D, the projection center of the upper rotating shaft 1 is represented by O, the line segments OA, OB, OC and OD are equal in length, and the angles AOB, BOD, DOC and COA are 90 degrees.

[0099] In the embodiment, the number of light rods 11 can be two, three, four or the like. Preferably, the number of light rods 11 is two, and the two light rods 11 are arranged staggered with the cylinders 12.

[0100] To better adjust the system stiffness and fix the positions of the upper and lower elastic rods 112 and 113, in some embodiments, see [reference needed]. Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 8 As shown, the lower end of the guide rod 11 is threaded with a guide rod nut 114. The guide rod nut 114 is located below the lower guide rod elastic body 113, which presses against the lower side of the floating disk 6. The guide rod 11 also has a step 115 above the upper guide rod elastic body 112. The step 115 presses against the upper side of the upper guide rod elastic body 112, which presses against the upper side of the floating disk 6.

[0101] In some embodiments, the upper smooth rod elastomer 112, the lower smooth rod elastomer 113, the upper telescopic rod elastomer 1221, and the lower telescopic rod elastomer 1222 are made of elastic rubber elastomer rings.

[0102] In some other embodiments, the upper smooth rod elastic body 112, the lower smooth rod elastic body 113, the upper telescopic rod elastic body 1221, and the lower telescopic rod elastic body 1222 are springs.

[0103] In some embodiments, the connecting frame 9 includes a fixing ring 91 and multiple support members 92. The fixing ring 91 is fixedly connected to the support plate 2 through the multiple support members 92. The fixing ring 91 is provided with multiple connecting holes 911 for screws to pass through and fix to the machine tool spindle. The upper rotating shaft 1 passes through the fixing ring 91 without contacting the fixing ring 91. This connecting frame 9 has a simple structure and is easy to connect.

[0104] In some implementations, see Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, there are two tensioning and fixing parts 10, and the two tensioning and fixing parts 10 are evenly distributed around the upper rotation axis 1. Preferably, the two tensioning and fixing parts 10 and the two smooth rods 11 are located on the same plane. In one specific embodiment, the tensioning and fixing part 10 includes a tensioning rod 101 with a stop block 1011 at one end, and a locking nut 102 threadedly connected to the other end of the tensioning rod 101. The tensioning rod 101 passes through the support plate 2 and the upper bearing seat 3. The locking nut 102 is located on the lower side of the upper bearing seat 3, and the stop block 1011 abuts against the support plate 2 on the upper side of the support plate 2. Both the tensioning and fixing parts 10 and the smooth rods 11 are locked by nuts, which can fix the support plate 2 and the upper bearing seat 3 relative to each other and can be used to adjust the stiffness of the cylinder adaptation system.

[0105] In some implementations, see Figures 9 to 11As shown, the self-excited wave vibration cutting system further comprises a housing 14, the housing 14 is located at the lower side of the connecting frame 9, the support disc 2 is located in the housing 14, and the housing 14 is connected with the support disc 2 and the upper bearing seat 3, the floating disc 6 is not in contact with the housing 14, and the cutter 13 is located outside the housing 14.

[0106] In the embodiment, a difficult-to-machine material elastic load energy self-excited wave vibration cutting method is also provided, and the steps are as follows:

[0107] Step one: preparation stage, install the connecting frame of any one of the difficult-to-machine material elastic load energy self-excited wave vibration cutting systems on the main shaft of the machine tool, install the upper rotating shaft on the tool holder of the machine tool, connect the cutter with the lower rotating shaft, and connect each air cylinder with a corresponding air source.

[0108] Step two: perform trial cutting, adjust the air pressure of each air cylinder, set the process parameters, measure the vibration state of the cutter, and if the measured vibration state of the cutter does not meet the requirements, adjust the vibration state of the cutter to the expected state through any one of the following ways or a combination of multiple ways according to the measured vibration state:

[0109] Way one: adjust the air pressure of one or more air cylinders;

[0110] Way two: replace the mass block with different mass;

[0111] Way three: adjust the process parameters.

[0112] It should be noted that the vibration state of the lower rotating shaft is a prior art, which can be realized by a laser displacement sensor, and will not be described here.

[0113] Step three: after the adjustment is completed, start processing, and after the processing is completed, release the pressure and disassemble the difficult-to-machine material elastic load energy self-excited wave vibration cutting.

[0114] The difficult-to-machine material elastic load energy self-excited wave vibration cutting system in the embodiment can be applied in various processing, and the cutter 13 can be a diamond grinding head, a hard alloy milling cutter, a hard alloy drill bit or a PCD milling cutter, etc. Preferably, the cutter 13 is threadedly connected with the lower rotating shaft 8.

[0115] In some embodiments, the cutter can produce vibrations in different dimensions through air cylinder pressure adjustment. In a specific embodiment, the pressure of all air cylinders is adjusted to be the same, so as to excite the cutter to produce one-dimensional (axial) vibration.

[0116] In another embodiment, the pressure of one of the cylinders is adjusted to be different from the pressure of the other cylinders, thereby exciting the tool to vibrate in two dimensions (elliptical vibration). For example, four cylinders are arranged uniformly around the upper rotating shaft 1, and the pressure of any one of the cylinders is adjusted to be less than the pressure of the other three cylinders, thereby exciting the tool to vibrate in the direction of the cylinder with the lower pressure and in the axial direction, i.e. in two dimensions. For another example, four cylinders are arranged uniformly around the upper rotating shaft 1, and the pressure of any two of the cylinders arranged symmetrically around the lower rotating shaft 8 is adjusted to be the same and less than the pressure of the other two cylinders, thereby exciting the tool to vibrate in the direction of the cylinders with the lower pressure and in the axial direction, i.e. in two dimensions.

[0117] In yet another embodiment, the pressure of multiple cylinders in different directions is adjusted to be different, thereby exciting the tool to vibrate in three dimensions (spatial vibration).

[0118] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution, and in the absence of solution conflicts, each technical feature mentioned in each embodiment can be combined in any manner to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0119] In addition, without departing from the scope of the present application, the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments are modified, or some of the technical features are replaced with equivalent ones, without changing the essence of the corresponding technical solutions out of the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A self-excited wave cutting system for elastically energy-carrying materials that are difficult to machine, characterized in that: It includes an upper rotating shaft, a support plate, an upper bearing housing, a flexible coupling, a mass block, a floating plate, a lower bearing housing, a lower rotating shaft, a connecting frame, multiple tensioning and fixing parts, multiple smooth rods, and three or more cylinders; The support plate, the upper bearing seat, and the floating plate are arranged at intervals from top to bottom. The mass block is detachably fixed on the upper side of the floating plate, and the lower bearing seat is installed on the lower side of the floating plate. The upper rotating shaft passes through the support disk and is rotatably connected to the support disk through the first bearing, passes through the upper bearing seat, and is rotatably connected to the upper bearing seat through the second bearing; The lower rotating shaft passes through the mass block, the floating disk and the lower bearing seat, and is rotatably connected to the lower bearing seat through the third bearing. One end of the lower rotating shaft is connected to the upper rotating shaft through the flexible coupling, and the other end is used to fix the tool. The support plate can be fixedly connected to the machine tool spindle through the connecting frame, and the multiple tensioning and fixing parts fix the support plate to the upper bearing seat; Multiple optical rods are evenly distributed around the upper rotation axis. Each optical rod passes through the upper bearing seat and is connected to the upper bearing seat through a linear bearing. Its upper end is connected to the support plate, and its lower end passes through the floating plate. An upper optical rod elastic body and a lower optical rod elastic body are sleeved on the lower end of the optical rod. The upper optical rod elastic body and the lower optical rod elastic body are located on the upper and lower sides of the floating plate respectively and abut against the floating plate. Three or more cylinders are evenly distributed around the upper rotating axis. The cylinder body of each cylinder is fixedly connected to the support plate. The end of the telescopic rod away from the cylinder body passes through the floating plate. An upper telescopic rod elastic body and a lower telescopic rod elastic body are sleeved on the end of the telescopic rod away from the cylinder body. The upper telescopic rod elastic body and the lower telescopic rod elastic body are located on the upper and lower sides of the floating plate and abut against the floating plate. Each cylinder is independently controlled.

2. The elastic energy-carrying self-excited undulating cutting system for difficult-to-machine materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic rod is provided with a threaded telescopic rod nut, and the telescopic rod nut is located below the lower telescopic rod elastic body, which abuts the lower telescopic rod elastic body against the lower side of the floating plate; The telescopic rod is also provided with a threaded adjustment ring, which is located above the elastic body of the upper telescopic rod, and presses the elastic body of the upper telescopic rod against the upper side of the floating plate.

3. The elastic energy-carrying self-excited undulating cutting system for difficult-to-machine materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of cylinders is four or six; and / or The number of optical rods is two.

4. The elastic energy-carrying self-excited undulating cutting system for difficult-to-machine materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the optical rod is threaded with an optical rod nut, which is located below the lower optical rod elastic body. The lower optical rod elastic body is pressed against the lower side of the floating disk. There is also a step on the optical rod above the upper optical rod elastic body. The step presses against the upper side of the upper optical rod elastic body, which is pressed against the upper side of the floating disk.

5. The elastic energy-carrying self-excited undulating cutting system for difficult-to-machine materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The materials of the upper smooth rod elastomer, lower smooth rod elastomer, upper telescopic rod elastomer, and lower telescopic rod elastomer are elastic rubber; or The upper elastic rod, lower elastic rod, upper telescopic rod, and lower telescopic rod elastic rod are all springs.

6. The elastic energy-carrying self-excited undulating cutting system for difficult-to-machine materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting frame includes a fixing ring and multiple supporting members. The fixing ring is fixedly connected to the support plate through the multiple supporting members. The fixing ring is provided with multiple connecting holes for screws to be inserted and fixedly connected to the machine tool spindle.

7. The elastic energy-carrying self-excited wave cutting system for difficult-to-machine materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of the tensioning and fixing parts is two, and the two tensioning and fixing parts are evenly distributed around the upper rotation axis; The tensioning and fixing part includes a tensioning rod with a stop at one end, and a locking nut is threaded to the other end of the tensioning rod. The tensioning rod passes through the support plate and the upper bearing seat. The locking nut is located on the lower side of the upper bearing seat. The stop is located on the upper side of the support plate and abuts against the support plate.

8. The elastic energy-carrying self-excited undulating cutting system for difficult-to-machine materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a housing located below the connecting frame, the support plate located inside the housing, and the housing connected to the support plate and the upper bearing seat. The floating plate does not contact the housing, and the cutting tool is located outside the housing.

9. A method for elastically energy-carrying self-excited wave cutting of difficult-to-machine materials, characterized in that: The steps are as follows: Step 1: Preparation stage, install the connecting frame of the elastic energy-carrying self-excited wave cutting system for difficult-to-machine materials as described in any one of claims 1-8 on the machine tool spindle, install the upper rotary shaft on the tool holder of the machine tool, connect the tool to the lower rotary shaft, and connect each cylinder to a corresponding air source. Step Two: Perform a test cut, adjust the air pressure of each cylinder, set the process parameters, and measure the vibration state of the tool. If the measured tool vibration state does not meet the requirements, adjust the tool vibration state to the expected level using one or more of the following methods, based on the measured vibration state: Method 1: Adjust the air pressure of one or more cylinders; Method 2: Replace with mass blocks of different masses; Method 3: Adjust process parameters; Step 3: After adjustment, begin machining. After machining, release the pressure and disassemble the elastic energy-carrying self-excited wave cutting system for difficult-to-machine materials.

10. The elastic energy-carrying self-excited wave cutting method for difficult-to-machine materials according to claim 9, characterized in that: Adjust the pressure of all cylinders to be the same to stimulate the tool to generate one-dimensional vibration; The pressure of one cylinder in one direction is adjusted to be less than the pressure of the other cylinders, which excites the tool to generate two-dimensional vibration; By adjusting the pressure of multiple cylinders located in different directions to different values, the cutting tool is excited to generate three-dimensional vibration.

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