A compression ignition engine

Abstract

The present invention discloses a compression ignition engine, belonging to the field of new energy engine technology, comprising a cylinder, a compression ignition chamber disposed above the main combustion chamber, and the main combustion chamber and the compression ignition chamber being connected via a gas ignition channel, the gas ignition channel being provided with an electrically controlled valve for controlling the connection or disconnection between the main combustion chamber and the compression ignition chamber, and the compression ignition chamber and the exhaust passage being connected via an EGR intake manifold. The present invention is compatible with multiple fuels while having high thermal efficiency, can output high power for a long period of time, has good environmental friendliness, and can be widely used in military fields, civil aviation, vehicle power, etc. At the same time, its excellent adaptability to clean fuels such as natural gas and hydrogen has a significant promoting effect on alleviating the energy crisis, achieving sustainable development, promoting energy transformation, and achieving carbon neutrality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of new energy engines, and in particular relates to a compression ignition engine. Background Art

[0002] The General Full-Stage Compression Ignition (GPFSCI) technology for four-stroke engines is a new, highly efficient, multi-energy, and multi-purpose engine that simultaneously utilizes EGR, compression ignition, staged combustion, and the Atkinson cycle. By employing multiple methods to improve thermal efficiency and improving upon traditional compression ignition and cycle concepts, it offers low fuel consumption, high thermal efficiency, and reliability. It is compatible with multiple fuels and multiple applications, and possesses significant research value and application prospects.

[0003] Currently, most high-thermal-efficiency engines lack power and reliability, are generally heavy, and have complex structures. While they can improve thermal efficiency to a certain extent, their inherent structural limitations make them unsuitable for some power-demanding devices or scenarios. This limits their application scenarios and their adaptability to multiple uses and fuels. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a compression-ignition engine that can achieve high thermal efficiency and power output while achieving fuel compression ignition. It can be used not only for traditional fuels such as gasoline and diesel, but can also adapt to new fuels such as compressed natural gas and hydrogen by changing the compression ratio and EGR amount. In addition to being used as a power source for automobiles, industrial equipment, etc., it can also be used as power generation equipment for submarines, spacecraft, aircraft, etc., especially for new clean fuels such as natural gas and hydrogen. This effectively improves the application scenarios of four-stroke compression-ignition engines and has great practical significance for accelerating energy transformation and achieving carbon neutrality.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A compression ignition engine includes a cylinder, wherein a piston is disposed in the cylinder for reciprocating along an inner wall of the cylinder, the piston dividing the cylinder into a main combustion chamber and a crank chamber, an intake duct for supplying a mixed gas into the cylinder is disposed on one side of the main combustion chamber, an intake valve for opening and closing the intake duct is disposed at a connection between the intake duct and the main combustion chamber, an exhaust duct for discharging exhaust gas is disposed on the other side of the main combustion chamber, an exhaust valve for opening and closing the exhaust duct is disposed at a connection between the exhaust duct and the main combustion chamber, a compression ignition chamber is disposed above the main combustion chamber, the main combustion chamber and the compression ignition chamber are connected by a gas ignition passage, the gas ignition passage is provided with an electrically controlled valve for controlling the connection or disconnection between the main combustion chamber and the compression ignition chamber, the compression ignition chamber and the exhaust duct are connected by an exhaust gas ignition manifold, and an electrically controlled valve for controlling the opening and closing of the EGR intake manifold is disposed in a middle section of the EGR intake manifold.

[0006] According to the compression ignition engine provided by the present invention, a compression ignition chamber intake manifold is provided on the compression ignition chamber, and an electronically controlled valve for opening and closing the compression ignition chamber intake manifold is provided on the compression ignition chamber intake manifold.

[0007] According to the compression ignition engine provided by the present invention, when the intake stroke begins, the intake valve is opened, and the ultra-lean mixture is sucked into the main combustion chamber through the intake duct; when the intake stroke is about to end, the gas ignition channel and the electronically controlled valve on the EGR intake manifold are opened for a short time, and a small amount of high-temperature exhaust gas is sucked into the exhaust duct by relying on the negative pressure generated by the downward movement of the piston.

[0008] According to the compression ignition engine provided by the present invention, when the piston reaches the bottom dead center, the electronically controlled valve on the EGR intake manifold is closed, and the electronically controlled valve of the gas ignition channel is kept open; during the upward compression stroke of the piston, a portion of the gas in the main combustion chamber is squeezed into the compression ignition chamber.

[0009] According to the compression ignition engine provided by the present invention, when the compression stroke is about to end, the intake manifold of the compression ignition chamber is opened to inject a very small amount of ultra-high concentration mixed gas into the compression ignition chamber.

[0010] According to the compression ignition engine provided by the present invention, the ultra-high concentration mixed gas is ignited to form combustion, and is pressurized in the form of a jet through the gas ignition channel to ignite the mixed gas in the main combustion chamber.

[0011] According to the compression ignition engine provided by the present invention, at the beginning of the exhaust stroke, the compression ignition chamber intake manifold opens along with the exhaust valve and discharges the exhaust gas in the compression ignition chamber.

[0012] According to the compression ignition engine provided by the present invention, a temperature and pressure sensor is provided in the compression ignition chamber.

[0013] According to the compression ignition engine provided by the present invention, a spark plug structure is provided in the compression ignition generating chamber and / or the main combustion chamber.

[0014] According to the compression ignition engine provided by the present invention, the compression ignition engine is a four-stroke compression ignition engine.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention: The universal full-stage compression ignition technology for four-stroke engines of the present invention is compatible with multiple fuels and has high thermal efficiency, can output high power for a long time, has good environmental friendliness, and can be widely used in military fields, civil aviation, vehicle power, etc. At the same time, its excellent adaptability to clean fuels such as natural gas and hydrogen has a huge promoting effect on alleviating the energy crisis, achieving sustainable development, promoting energy transformation and achieving carbon neutrality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a four-stroke compression ignition engine according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] In the figure: 1-piston, 2-intake duct, 3-compression ignition chamber, 4-intake valve, 5-exhaust valve, 6-electronically controlled valve, 7-EGR intake manifold, 8-compression ignition chamber intake manifold, 9-gas ignition channel, 10, cylinder, 11, main combustion chamber, 12, exhaust duct, 13, crankshaft chamber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] In order to better understand the purpose, structure and function of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0019] like Figure 1As shown, a compression ignition engine includes a cylinder 10, wherein a piston 1 is provided in the cylinder 10 and reciprocates along the inner wall of the cylinder 10, wherein the piston 1 divides the cylinder 10 into a main combustion chamber 11 and a crank chamber 13, wherein an intake passage 2 for supplying a mixed gas into the cylinder 10 is provided on one side of the main combustion chamber 11, an intake valve 4 for opening and closing the intake passage 2 is provided at the connection between the intake passage 2 and the main combustion chamber 11, an exhaust passage 12 for discharging exhaust gas is provided on the other side of the main combustion chamber 11, and an exhaust valve 5 for opening and closing the exhaust passage 12 is provided at the connection between the exhaust passage 12 and the main combustion chamber 11, wherein the main combustion chamber 11 is provided with a plurality of pistons. A compression ignition chamber 3 is provided above 11, and the main combustion chamber 11 and the compression ignition chamber 3 are connected via a gas ignition channel 9, and the gas ignition channel 9 is provided with an electronically controlled valve for controlling the connection or disconnection between the main combustion chamber 11 and the compression ignition chamber 3. The compression ignition chamber 4 and the exhaust passage 12 are connected via an EGR intake manifold 7, and the middle section of the EGR intake manifold 7 is provided with an electronically controlled valve for controlling the opening and closing of the EGR intake manifold 7; a compression ignition chamber intake manifold 8 is provided on the compression ignition chamber 3, and an electronically controlled valve for opening and closing the compression ignition chamber intake manifold 8 is provided on the compression ignition chamber 3.

[0020] In the embodiment of the present invention, the main combustion chamber 11 inhales an ultra-lean mixture during the intake stroke. When the intake stroke is about to end, the valve 7 between the compression ignition chamber 3, the main combustion chamber 11, and the EGR intake manifold is opened. At the same time, a small amount of uncooled exhaust gas is inhaled into the compression ignition chamber 3 by means of the negative pressure of the main combustion chamber 11. The purpose is to increase the temperature in the compression ignition chamber 3 by introducing uncooled exhaust gas. At this time, the piston 1 continues to move downward until the end of the intake stroke. At the beginning of the compression stroke, the compression ignition chamber is kept open. 3 and the main combustion chamber 11. At this time, the piston 1 moves upward, compressing part of the gas in the main combustion chamber 11 into the compression ignition chamber 3. By controlling the compression ratio, the temperature and pressure in the compression ignition chamber 3 must exceed the ignition point of the fuel at the end of the compression stroke. At this time, the compression ignition chamber intake manifold 8 opens and pumps a small amount of ultra-high concentration mixture into the compression ignition chamber 3, causing combustion in the compression ignition chamber 3. The mixture is squeezed into the main combustion chamber 11 through the gas ignition channel 9, thereby igniting the gas in the main combustion chamber 11.

[0021] By introducing high-temperature exhaust gas and ultra-high-concentration mixture into the compression ignition chamber 3, heating and squeezing it to achieve primary compression ignition and complete the first stage of the Atkinson cycle. Then, the lean mixture in the main combustion chamber is pressurized, heated and ignited by the gas jet to achieve the second stage of homogeneous compression ignition, and the controllable opening and closing of the electronically controlled valve is used to achieve continuous circulation.

[0022] In order to increase the temperature in the compression ignition chamber 3, when the intake stroke begins, the intake valve 4 is opened, and the main combustion chamber 11 draws in an ultra-lean mixture through the intake duct 2; when the intake stroke is about to end, the gas ignition channel 9 and the electronically controlled valve on the EGR intake manifold 7 are opened for a short time, and a small amount of high-temperature exhaust gas in the exhaust duct 2 is drawn in by relying on the negative pressure generated by the downward movement of the piston 1.

[0023] In order to squeeze some of the gas into the compression ignition chamber 3, when the piston 1 reaches bottom dead center, the electrically controlled valve on the EGR intake manifold 7 is closed, while the electrically controlled valve of the gas ignition passage 9 is kept open. During the upward compression stroke of the piston 1, a portion of the gas in the main combustion chamber 11 is squeezed into the compression ignition chamber 3, which is equivalent to expanding the volume of the cylinder during the compression stroke, satisfying the principle of the Atkinson cycle that the expansion ratio is greater than the compression ratio, and at the same time pressurizing the compression ignition chamber 3. At this time, the temperature and pressure in the compression ignition chamber 3 are relatively high, but the concentration of the mixture is not yet sufficient for compression ignition.

[0024] In order to ignite the mixture in the compression ignition chamber 3, at the end of the compression stroke, the compression ignition chamber intake manifold 8 is opened, and a very small amount of ultra-high-concentration mixture is rapidly injected into the compression ignition chamber 3. At this time, the ultra-high-concentration mixture is ignited, forming combustion, and first ignites the mixture in the compression ignition generator 3. At this time, the temperature and pressure in the compression ignition generator 3 are further increased.

[0025] In order to ignite the mixture in the main combustion chamber 11, the ultra-high concentration mixture is ignited to form combustion, and is pressurized in the form of a jet through the gas ignition channel 9 to ignite the mixture in the main combustion chamber 11. The flame forms a jet through the gas ignition channel 9 to ignite the lean mixture in the main combustion chamber 11. The power stroke begins until the piston 1 reaches the bottom dead center;

[0026] At the beginning of the exhaust stroke, the compression ignition chamber intake manifold 8 opens with the exhaust valve 5 and discharges the exhaust gas in the compression ignition chamber 3. After the exhaust stroke is completed, all three electronically controlled valves 6 are reset and the next stroke begins.

[0027] In order to monitor the temperature and pressure in the compression ignition chamber 3 , a temperature and pressure sensor is provided in the compression ignition chamber 3 .

[0028] In order to ensure the normal operation of the engine, a spark plug structure is provided in the compression ignition chamber 3 and / or the main combustion chamber 11, so as to ensure the normal operation of the engine in some special working conditions where the gas cannot be compressed and when the electronically controlled valve is damaged.

[0029] The compression ignition engine is a four-stroke compression ignition engine, which comprises the following four stages: intake stroke, compression stroke, power stroke and exhaust stroke. In the late stage of the intake stroke, the valves between the main combustion chamber 11 and the compression ignition chamber 3, and between the exhaust duct 12 and the compression ignition chamber 3 are briefly opened. Before the piston 1 is about to reach the top dead center, a small amount of ultra-high concentration mixed gas is sprayed into the compression ignition chamber 3 to achieve combustion, and the mixed gas in the main combustion chamber 11 is pressurized in the form of a jet to ignite. During the exhaust stroke, the valve between the exhaust duct 12 and the compression ignition chamber 3 is opened to discharge the exhaust gas, and then the valve is reset, and the next stroke begins, and this cycle is repeated to achieve a continuous cycle.

[0030] The above descriptions are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Any equivalent changes made to the technical solution of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field after reading the specification of the present invention are covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A compression ignition engine, comprising a cylinder, wherein a piston is disposed in the cylinder and reciprocates along an inner wall of the cylinder, the piston dividing the cylinder into a main combustion chamber and a crank chamber, an intake passage is disposed on one side of the main combustion chamber for supplying a mixed gas into the cylinder, an intake valve for opening and closing the intake passage is disposed at a connection between the intake passage and the main combustion chamber, an exhaust passage is disposed on the other side of the main combustion chamber for discharging exhaust gas, and an exhaust valve for opening and closing the exhaust passage is disposed at a connection between the exhaust passage and the main combustion chamber, wherein the exhaust valve ... A compression ignition chamber is provided above the main combustion chamber, and the main combustion chamber and the compression ignition chamber are connected via a gas ignition channel, the gas ignition channel is provided with an electronically controlled valve for controlling the connection or disconnection between the main combustion chamber and the compression ignition chamber, the compression ignition chamber and the exhaust duct are connected via an EGR intake manifold, and the middle section of the EGR intake manifold is provided with an electronically controlled valve for controlling the opening and closing of the EGR intake manifold; a compression ignition chamber intake manifold is provided above the compression ignition chamber, and an electronically controlled valve for opening and closing the compression ignition chamber intake manifold is provided on the compression ignition chamber; a spark plug structure is provided in the compression ignition chamber and / or the main combustion chamber; When the intake stroke begins, the intake valve is opened, and the main combustion chamber sucks in an ultra-lean mixture through the intake duct; When the intake stroke is about to end, the electronically controlled valves on the gas ignition channel and the EGR intake manifold open for a short time, and a small amount of high-temperature exhaust gas in the exhaust duct is sucked in by the negative pressure generated by the downward movement of the piston; When the piston reaches the bottom dead center, the electronically controlled valve on the EGR intake manifold is closed, and the electronically controlled valve on the gas ignition channel is kept open; During the upward compression stroke of the piston, a portion of the gas in the main combustion chamber is squeezed into the compression ignition chamber; By controlling the compression ratio, the temperature and pressure in the compression ignition chamber must exceed the ignition point of the fuel at the end of the compression stroke. When the compression stroke is about to end, the intake manifold of the compression ignition chamber is opened, and a very small amount of ultra-high concentration mixed gas is injected into the compression ignition chamber.

2. The compression ignition engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultra-high concentration mixed gas is ignited to form combustion, and is pressurized in the form of a jet through the gas ignition channel to ignite the mixed gas in the main combustion chamber.

3. The compression ignition engine according to claim 2, characterized in that: At the beginning of the exhaust stroke, the intake manifold of the compression ignition chamber opens with the exhaust valve and discharges the exhaust gas in the compression ignition chamber.

4. The compression ignition engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A temperature and pressure sensor is provided in the compression ignition chamber.

5. The compression ignition engine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compression ignition engine is a four-stroke compression ignition engine.

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