A reactor

Abstract

The application provides a reactor, comprising an outer shell, a first filling part and a second filling part, a reaction cavity is arranged in the outer shell, a bed layer is arranged in the reaction cavity, the first filling part is installed in the outer shell, the first filling part is provided with a first opening, and a to-be-filled part can be filled to the middle part of the bed layer through the first opening, the second filling part is installed in the outer shell, the second filling part is provided with a plurality of second openings, and the to-be-filled part is filled to the edge of the bed layer through the second openings, and a filling opening is arranged on the outer shell and used for filling the to-be-filled part into the first filling part and the second filling part. The catalyst is filled into the first filling part and the second filling part through the filling opening, and then the catalyst is filled into the reaction cavity through the first opening and the second opening respectively, and then is filled into the middle part of the bed layer and the edge of the bed layer, so that the filling non-uniformity of the center and the edge of the bed layer is reduced, the reaction in the reactor is more stable and reliable, and the output rate of the reactor is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of catalyst loading technology, and in particular to reactors. Background Technology

[0002] A chemical reactor is a device that enables a reaction process. It is the core device and the most complex part of the chemical production process. Reactors are widely used in chemical, oil refining, metallurgical, and light industries to realize single-phase liquid reaction processes and multiphase reaction processes such as liquid-liquid, gas-liquid, liquid-solid, and gas-liquid-solid reactions.

[0003] Before use, existing gas reactors typically require the loading of catalysts. The existing catalyst loading method is generally a dense phase loading method, which uses an external pusher to rotate and scatter catalyst particles radially along the reactor to achieve catalyst loading.

[0004] However, when loading catalyst through a distributor, uneven material level often occurs during actual operation due to centrifugal force, with the center being lower and the edges higher. This results in the catalyst not being evenly dispersed, leading to slower reactions in areas with less catalyst distribution. Consequently, some unreacted gases are discharged as part of the reaction. Meanwhile, in areas with more catalyst distribution, the reaction is too vigorous, easily generating a large amount of polymerization heat that cannot be dissipated in time, thus forming agglomerates in the reactor. This reduces the output rate of the device, as well as its stability and service life. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a reactor to address the problem that the catalyst cannot be evenly dispersed when it is loaded through a distributor.

[0006] A reactor, comprising:

[0007] An outer shell, wherein a reaction chamber is provided inside the outer shell, and a bed is provided inside the reaction chamber;

[0008] A first loading component is installed inside the outer shell. The first loading component has a first opening through which the component to be loaded can enter the reaction chamber to be loaded into the middle of the bed.

[0009] The second filling component is installed inside the outer shell and has a plurality of second openings. The component to be filled enters the reaction chamber through the second openings to fill the edge of the bed.

[0010] The outer shell is provided with a filling opening for filling the component to be filled into the first filling component and the second filling component.

[0011] In one embodiment, a plurality of the second openings are spaced apart above the edge;

[0012] The second filling component includes a filling tube, one end of which is disposed toward the reaction chamber, and the second opening is configured at the end of the filling tube that faces the reaction chamber.

[0013] In one embodiment, the reactor further includes a third filling member disposed within the outer shell. The third filling member has an annular opening that communicates with the filling opening and surrounds the first opening. The filling material enters the reaction chamber through the annular opening to fill the edge of the bed.

[0014] In one embodiment, the reactor further includes a gas supply structure, which includes an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe. The inlet pipe and the outlet pipe are respectively disposed at both ends of the outer shell, and the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe are respectively fixedly connected to the outer shell.

[0015] The bed is provided with a gas reaction channel, which is connected to the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe respectively.

[0016] In one embodiment, the third filling component includes a filling plate, which is fixedly sleeved on the air inlet pipe. The filling plate and the reactor are provided with a filling annular gap along a first direction, which is at an angle to the vertical direction. The annular opening is configured as the filling annular gap.

[0017] In one embodiment, the gas supply structure further includes a central gas collecting pipe, which is disposed between the gas reaction channel and the gas outlet pipe, and is connected to the gas reaction channel and the gas outlet pipe respectively.

[0018] The central gas collecting pipe includes a first gas collecting pipe and a second gas collecting pipe. The first gas collecting pipe is located above the second gas collecting pipe. The gas outlet pipe, the first gas collecting pipe, the second gas collecting pipe, and the gas reaction channel are connected in sequence. The inner diameter of the first gas collecting pipe is larger than the inner diameter of the second gas collecting pipe.

[0019] The inner diameter of the first gas collecting pipe is larger than the inner diameter of the gas outlet pipe.

[0020] In one embodiment, the first loading member includes a fixing plate, which is fixedly sleeved on the air outlet pipe, and the first opening is disposed on the fixing plate.

[0021] In one embodiment, the first filling component further includes a central sleeve, which is sleeved on the air outlet pipe and fixedly connected to the fixing plate;

[0022] A filling channel is provided between the central sleeve and the vent pipe, and the end of the filling channel facing the center is connected to the first opening.

[0023] In one embodiment, the outer casing is provided with a mounting base, which is flexibly connected to the end of the air outlet pipe;

[0024] A first gap is provided at the end of the mounting base and the end of the air outlet pipe along the fourth direction, and a second buffer compensation member is provided at the end of the air outlet pipe. The second buffer compensation member abuts against the end of the mounting base and the end of the air outlet pipe along the fourth direction.

[0025] In one embodiment, a second gap is provided at the end of the mounting base and the air outlet pipe along the fifth direction, the fourth direction is not collinear with the fifth direction, and the second buffer compensation member abuts against the end of the mounting base and the air outlet pipe along the fifth direction respectively.

[0026] In one embodiment, the reactor further includes a cooling structure comprising:

[0027] A cooling medium inlet pipe is disposed on the outer casing and is fixedly connected to the outer casing;

[0028] A cooling medium outlet pipe is disposed on the outer shell and fixedly connected to the outer shell. The cooling medium inlet pipe and the cooling medium outlet pipe are connected to form a cooling channel between them, which is used to cool the bed.

[0029] In one embodiment, the cooling channel includes a first channel and a second channel, and an elastic element is provided at the connection between the first channel and the second channel. One end of the elastic element is connected to the first channel, and the other end of the elastic element is connected to the second channel.

[0030] In one embodiment, the reactor further includes a compensation structure, the compensation structure comprising:

[0031] The first fixing member is fixedly connected to the cooling channel;

[0032] A second fastener is disposed on the outer casing, and the second fastener and the first fastener are flexibly connected.

[0033] Wherein, a first flexible gap is provided between the first fixing member and the second fixing member along the second direction, and a first buffer compensation member is provided between the first fixing member and the second fixing member, and the first buffer compensation member abuts against the first fixing member and the second fixing member respectively along the second direction.

[0034] In one embodiment, the first fixing member and the outer shell are provided with a second flexible gap along a third direction, the third direction being not collinear with the second direction, and the first buffer compensation member abuts against the first fixing member and the outer shell along the third direction respectively.

[0035] In one embodiment, an expansion buffer is fixedly provided at the connection between the cooling channel and the outer shell. The expansion buffer is fixedly connected to the outer shell, and the expansion buffer is provided with an annular bend that is elastic.

[0036] The aforementioned reactor loads the catalyst into the first and second loading components through the loading openings, and then loads the catalyst into the reaction chamber through the first and second openings respectively, thereby loading the catalyst into the middle and edge of the bed. This reduces uneven loading at the center and edge of the bed, making the reaction in the reactor more stable and reliable, increasing the reactor's yield, and improving the reactor's stability and service life. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of a reactor according to an embodiment of this application.

[0038] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle.

[0039] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the middle bed in another direction.

[0040] Figure 4 for Figure 1 A partial schematic diagram of the gas flow direction at the top of the reactor.

[0041] Figure 5 for Figure 1 A partial schematic diagram of the gas flow direction at the bottom of the reactor.

[0042] Figure 6 for Figure 1 A partial structural diagram of the upper part of the reactor.

[0043] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A magnified view of a portion of point B in the middle.

[0044] Figure 8 for Figure 6 A magnified view of a portion of point C.

[0045] Figure 9 for Figure 1 A partial structural diagram of the lower half of the reactor.

[0046] Figure 10 for Figure 8 A magnified schematic diagram of the expansion buffer from another perspective.

[0047] Icon labels:

[0048] 100. Filling structure; 110. First filling component; 1110. Central sleeve; 1120. Fixing plate; 111. First opening; 112. Filling channel; 120. Second filling component; 1210. Filling pipe; 121. Second opening; 130. Third filling component; 1310. Filling plate; 131. Annular opening; 132. Filling annular gap; 200. Bed layer; 210. Center; 211. Filling boundary; 220. Edge; 201. Gas reaction channel; 300. Gas supply structure; 310. Inlet pipe; 311. Expansion buffer; 312. Annular bend; 320. Outlet pipe; 3210. Third outward protrusion; 3220. Abutment part; 3221. First gap; 3222. Second gap; 3223. Second buffer compensation component; 330. Middle 3310, First gas collecting pipe; 3320, Second gas collecting pipe; 340, Spherical end cap; 350, Pressure release block; 400, Cooling structure; 410, Cooling medium inlet pipe; 420, Cooling medium outlet pipe; 430, Cooling channel; 4310, First channel; 4320, Second channel; 431, Elastic element; 440, Spherical tube sheet; 500, Compensation structure; 510, First fixing element; 5110, First outward protrusion; 520, Second fixing element; 5210, Second outward protrusion; 530, First buffer compensation element; 5310, First surface; 501, First flexible gap; 502, Second flexible gap; 600, Outer shell; 610, Mounting base; 620, Reaction chamber; 6110, Inward recess; 601, Catalyst discharge port; 700, Catalyst frame. Detailed Implementation

[0049] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0050] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" appear, these terms indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0051] Furthermore, where the terms "first" and "second" appear, these terms are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, where the term "multiple" appears, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0052] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0053] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the use of descriptions such as "above" or "below" the second feature indicates that the first and second features are in direct contact or indirect contact via an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. Similarly, "below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0054] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. If so, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0055] A reactor is a device used to realize a reaction process and is widely used in chemical, oil refining, and metallurgical industries. Existing reactors mainly include three types: fixed-bed reactors, moving-bed reactors, and fluidized-bed reactors. The main difference between these three types lies in the form of the bed formed by solid catalyst particles packed inside the equipment. In a fixed-bed reactor, the solid catalyst particles packed in the bed are stationary, while in moving-bed and fluidized-bed reactors, the catalyst particles can move or flow within the bed.

[0056] Existing reactors require solid catalyst particles to be filled into the bed before the reaction. As gaseous or liquid materials flow through the bed, the catalytic effect of the catalyst accelerates the reaction process, thereby realizing the reaction.

[0057] Existing catalyst loading methods mainly rely on two approaches. The first is conventional loading, where solid catalyst particles are poured into a funnel, and then added to the bed surface via a tube connected to the funnel. Because the catalyst particles are solid, their flowability is poor, often resulting in an uneven bed surface due to irregular, disordered particle distribution, which affects the internal reaction rate and actual output. The second method is dense-phase loading. Conventional techniques typically use a rotating distributor, powered by an external motor, to uniformly distribute the catalyst particles radially along the reactor, thereby achieving catalytic... Although dense-phase loading improves the uniformity of catalyst loading compared to ordinary loading, uneven loading still occurs due to the centrifugal force of the particles during the rotary spreading process. This results in uneven loading, with more material on the outer side and less on the inner side. This phenomenon becomes particularly pronounced as the material level gradually increases and the distributor speed gradually increases. At the same time, the possibility of catalyst particle breakage also increases as the distributor speed gradually increases. In practice, the speed is usually reduced first to spread the material into the pit, and then the material surface is corrected and leveled by the workers wearing respirators before continuing. This affects both the loading efficiency and the uniformity of the loading density.

[0058] Based on the above considerations, the applicant proposes a reactor that, through the arrangement of a first filling component and a second mounting component, reduces the uneven filling between the center and periphery of the bed, making the reaction inside the reactor more stable and reliable, increasing the reactor's yield, and improving the reactor's stability and service life.

[0059] Please see Figures 1 to 10 , Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of a reactor according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the diagram. Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the middle bed in another direction. Figure 4 for Figure 1 A partial schematic diagram of the gas flow direction at the top of the reactor. Figure 5 for Figure 1 A partial schematic diagram of the gas flow direction in the lower part of the reactor. Figure 6 for Figure 1 A partial structural diagram of the upper part of the reactor. Figure 7 for Figure 6 A magnified view of a portion of point B in the diagram. Figure 8 for Figure 6 A magnified view of a portion of point C. Figure 9 for Figure 1 A partial structural diagram of the lower half of the reactor. Figure 10 for Figure 8 A magnified schematic diagram of the expansion buffer from another perspective.

[0060] Please refer to it again. Figures 1 to 3 This application provides a reactor, including an outer shell 600, a first filling member 110, and a second filling member 120. A reaction chamber 620 is provided inside the outer shell 600, and a bed 200 is provided inside the reaction chamber 620. The first filling member 110 is installed inside the outer shell 600 and has a first opening 111 through which the filling material can enter the reaction chamber 620 to fill the middle of the bed 200. The second filling member 120 is installed inside the outer shell 600 and has a plurality of second openings 121 through which the filling material can enter the reaction chamber 620 to fill the edge 220 of the bed 200. A filling opening is provided on the outer shell 600 for filling the filling material into the first filling member 110 and the second filling member 120.

[0061] The aforementioned reactor loads the catalyst into the first loading member 110 and the second loading member 120 through the loading openings, and then loads the catalyst into the reaction chamber 620 through the first opening 111 and the second opening 121, thereby loading the catalyst into the middle and edge 220 of the bed 200. This reduces the uneven loading of the center 210 and edge 220 of the bed 200, making the reaction in the reactor more stable and reliable, increasing the reactor's yield, and improving the reactor's stability and service life.

[0062] Optionally, the filling opening can be configured as a maintenance manhole, or it can be any opening on the reactor. The catalyst can be filled into the first filling member 110 and the second filling member 120 through a funnel and a material bag. Alternatively, a chromatography column device can be installed on the opening for filling. The specific filling method for filling the catalyst into the first filling member 110 and the second filling member 120 can be set according to the actual use situation, and this application does not limit it.

[0063] Optionally, the center 210 and the edge 220 can be defined by the filling range of the first filling component 110 and the second filling component. The center 210 can also be defined according to the actual situation on site, such as by setting physical boundaries. The specific way to define the center 210 and the edge 220 can be set according to the actual use. This application does not limit this.

[0064] Specifically, in some embodiments, the first filling element 110 can be installed at the center of the reactor first, and the range of the center 210 can be determined according to the filling boundary 211 of the first filling element 110 on the bed 200, such as... Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 The dotted line in the diagram represents the filling boundary 211 of the first filling element 110 on the bed 200. The inner side of the filling boundary 211 is the center 210, and the outer side of the filling boundary 211 is the edge 220. The filling boundary 211 can be understood as the boundary of the pattern formed on the bed by the solid catalyst particles flying out from the first opening 111 after a long period of time. Then, the second filling element 120 is installed at the defined edge 220 to ensure that the center 210 and the edge 220 can be filled with a reasonable amount of catalyst.

[0065] Please refer to it again. Figure 2 In some specific embodiments, a plurality of second openings 121 are spaced apart above the edge 220.

[0066] Optionally, in some embodiments, the intervals between the plurality of second openings 121 can be large or small. The specific interval between the plurality of openings can be set according to actual usage requirements. Specifically, in one embodiment, the interval between the plurality of annular openings 131 can be infinitely small, thereby forming an annular opening, through which the filling component can also enter the edge 220 of the bed 200.

[0067] Specifically, by arranging a number of second openings 121 at intervals above the edge 220, on the one hand, the filling material can be filled to the edge 220 of the bed layer 200 by its own weight, and on the other hand, the filling of the edge 220 of the bed layer 200 can be more uniform, and it is less likely that the filling of the edge 220 of the bed layer 200 will be uneven.

[0068] Please refer to it again. Figure 1 In some specific embodiments, the reactor further includes a third filling element 130, which is disposed inside the outer shell 600. The third filling element 130 is provided with an annular opening 131, which surrounds the first opening 111. The filling element enters the reaction chamber 620 through the annular opening 131 to fill the edge 220 of the bed 200.

[0069] Optionally, only the second packing element 120 can be provided without the third packing element 130, or only the third packing element 130 can be provided without the second packing element 120, or both the second packing element 120 and the third packing element 130 can be provided simultaneously. By providing both the second packing element 120 and the third packing element 130 simultaneously, compared to providing only the second packing element 120 or the third packing element 130, the catalyst can be diverted, reducing the unevenness of the catalyst after falling onto the surface of the bed 200, and achieving a precise control effect.

[0070] Specifically, in one embodiment, the second packing member 120 and the third packing member 130 can be respectively disposed on the inner and outer sides of the edge 220, thereby further reducing the unevenness of the catalyst after falling onto the surface of the bed 200 and increasing the uniformity of the solid catalyst particles in the bed 200.

[0071] Please refer to it again. Figure 1 In some specific embodiments, the second filling member 120 includes a filling tube 1210, with one end of the filling tube 1210 facing the reaction chamber 620, and the second opening 121 is configured as the end of the filling tube 1210 facing the reaction chamber 620, and multiple filling tubes 1210 are provided.

[0072] Optionally, the first filling component 110, the second filling component 120, and the third filling component 130 include a tube bag, a distributor, a feeding pipe, an annular tube plate with an opening, and other components that can fill the catalyst into the corresponding area. The specific configuration can be determined according to actual usage requirements.

[0073] Optionally, the first opening 111, the second opening 121, and the annular opening 131 include the end of the tubular element, the hole, the gap formed between two adjacent elements, and other openings that allow the catalyst to pass through the corresponding element and enter the corresponding area. The specific setting of the openings and filling components can be determined according to actual usage requirements.

[0074] Optionally, a filling pipe 1210 can be provided, with several branch pipes opened on the filling pipe 1210, and multiple second openings 121 respectively configured at the ends of the branch pipes; alternatively, multiple filling pipes 1210 can be provided, with multiple second openings 121 respectively configured at the ends of multiple filling pipes 1210. The specific configuration of the filling pipes 1210 and the number of filling pipes 1210 can be set according to actual usage requirements, and this application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0075] More specifically, the catalyst can directly enter the filling tube 1210 through the other end of the filling tube 1210, or a funnel or blowpipe can be set to assist the catalyst in entering the filling tube 1210 through the other end of the filling tube 1210. Alternatively, a reasonable number of catalyst particles can be pre-set at the other end of the filling tube 1210 or inside the filling tube 1210, and then gravity can be used to make the catalyst particles pass through the second opening 121 of the filling tube 1210. The specific way the catalyst enters the filling tube 1210 and how the other end of the filling tube 1210 is set can be set according to the actual use requirements, and this application does not limit this.

[0076] By setting up the filling pipe 1210, the catalyst is pre-formed into a regular flow pattern and state through the channels inside the pipe, making the catalyst filling more precise and reducing uneven catalyst filling.

[0077] Please refer to it again. Figure 1 and Figure 4 In some specific embodiments, the reactor further includes a gas supply structure 300, which includes an inlet pipe 310 and an outlet pipe 320. The inlet pipe 310 and the outlet pipe 320 are respectively disposed at both ends of the outer shell 600. The inlet pipe 310 and the outlet pipe 320 are respectively fixedly connected to the outer shell 600. A gas reaction channel 201 is provided in the bed 200, and the gas reaction channel 201 is connected to the inlet pipe 310 and the outlet pipe 320 respectively.

[0078] Specifically, the gas supply structure 300 includes an inlet pipe 310 and an outlet pipe 320, which are respectively located at both ends of the outer shell 600. The inlet pipe 310 and the outlet pipe 320 are fixedly connected to the outer shell 600. A gas reaction channel 201 is provided inside the bed layer 200. One part of the gas reaction channel 201 is located in the center 210, and the other part is located in the edge 220. The gas reaction channel 201 is connected to the inlet pipe 310 and the outlet pipe 320, so that the gas can enter from the inlet pipe 310, participate in the reaction in the gas reaction channel 201, and then be discharged from the outlet pipe 320, which enhances the reaction effect and the ease of gas collection.

[0079] Please refer to it again. Figure 1 and Figure 5 In some specific embodiments, the gas supply structure 300 further includes a central gas collecting pipe 330, which is disposed between the gas reaction channel 201 and the gas outlet pipe 320, and is connected to the gas reaction channel 201 and the gas outlet pipe 320 respectively.

[0080] Specifically, by setting up a central gas collecting pipe 330, the gas after the reaction can enter the central gas collecting pipe 330 for collection and temporary storage, reducing the situation of excessive or insufficient gas reaction. In some embodiments, the central gas collecting pipe 330 is set in a vertical direction, which can utilize the heat of the gas generated after the reaction to make the generated gas rise in the central gas collecting pipe 330, further reducing the possibility of the generated gas participating in the reaction again.

[0081] Please refer to it again. Figure 4 and Figure 5 In some specific embodiments, the central gas collecting pipe 330 is arranged vertically. The central gas collecting pipe 330 includes a first gas collecting pipe 3310 and a second gas collecting pipe 3320. The first gas collecting pipe 3310 is located above the second gas collecting pipe 3320. The gas outlet pipe 320, the first gas collecting pipe 3310, the second gas collecting pipe 3320, and the gas reaction channel 201 are connected in sequence. The inner diameter of the first gas collecting pipe 3310 is larger than the inner diameter of the second gas collecting pipe 3320. Specifically, by limiting the inner diameters of the first gas collecting pipe 3310 and the second gas collecting pipe 3320, the vertical velocity gradient of the gas is reduced when the gas enters the first gas collecting pipe 3310 from the second gas collecting pipe 3320, which is more conducive to the uniform distribution of the gas in the horizontal direction.

[0082] Please refer to it again. Figure 4 and Figure 5In some specific embodiments, the inner diameter of the first gas collecting pipe 3310 is larger than the inner diameter of the gas outlet pipe 320. Specifically, by setting the first gas collecting pipe 3310, the second gas collecting pipe 3320 and the gas outlet pipe 320 with multi-segmented diameter changes, the gas flow velocities inside the first gas collecting pipe 3310, the second gas collecting pipe 3320 and the gas outlet pipe 320 are made closer together. This reduces the possibility of a gradual velocity field generated at the interface when the gas enters the central gas collecting pipe 330 or flows out of the central gas collecting pipe 330 due to uneven flow velocity, thereby reducing the uniformity of gas flow.

[0083] Please refer to it again. Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some specific embodiments, the first loading member 110 includes a fixing plate 1120, which is fixedly sleeved on the air outlet pipe 320, and the first opening 111 is provided on the fixing plate 1120.

[0084] Specifically, by setting a first opening 111 on the fixed plate 1120 and then modifying the fixed plate 1120, it can be directly applied to the existing reactor, which increases the versatility and applicability of the reactor. When the filling structure needs to be replaced, it is only necessary to disassemble the fixed plate 1120 and replace it with a new fixed plate 1120, which reduces the cost of replacing the reactor filling structure.

[0085] Please refer to it again. Figure 1 and Figure 2 In some specific embodiments, the first filling component 110 further includes a central sleeve 1110, which is sleeved on the air outlet pipe 320 and fixedly connected to the fixing plate 1120. A filling channel 112 is provided between the central sleeve 1110 and the air outlet pipe 320, and one end of the filling channel 112 facing the center 210 is connected to the first opening 111.

[0086] Specifically, by setting up the filling channel 112, compared to directly filling the catalyst to the center 210 through the fixing plate 1120 and the first opening 111, the catalyst can be filled to the center 210 after passing through the filling channel 112 and the first opening 111. The filling channel 112's capacity to accommodate the catalyst increases the orderliness of the filling process and reduces the possibility of disordered stacking of the catalyst during the filling process.

[0087] Please refer to it again. Figure 1 and Figure 4 In some specific embodiments, the third filling component 130 includes a filling plate 1310, which is fixedly sleeved on the air inlet pipe 310. The filling plate 1310 and the reactor are provided with a filling annular gap 132 along the first direction, and the annular opening 131 is configured as the filling annular gap 132.

[0088] Optionally, the first direction can be set to any direction, as long as it does not coincide with the vertical direction. Specifically, in one embodiment, the first direction is configured as a horizontal direction. By fixing the filling plate 1310 on the inlet pipe 310 and setting a gap between the filling plate 1310 and the reactor along the first direction, and setting the gap as a filling annular gap 132, the uniformity of catalyst loading is further increased. More specifically, in some embodiments, the second and third mounting members can be configured as annular tube sheets. The annular tube sheet is fixedly fitted on the outlet pipe 320. The first opening 111 is configured as a small hole opened on the annular tube sheet. The assembly gap is configured as the gap between the annular tube sheet and the reactor. By configuring the second filling member 120 and the third filling member 130 as annular tube sheets, the reactor only needs one annular tube sheet to achieve uniform loading of the center 210 and the edge 220, which further increases the versatility and applicability of the reactor.

[0089] Please refer to it again. Figure 1 and Figure 4 In some specific embodiments, the reactor further includes a cooling structure 400, which includes a cooling medium inlet pipe 410 and a cooling medium outlet pipe 420. The cooling medium inlet pipe 410 is disposed on the outer shell 600 and fixedly connected to the outer shell 600. The cooling medium outlet pipe 420 is disposed on the outer shell 600 and fixedly connected to the outer shell 600. The cooling medium inlet pipe 410 and the cooling medium outlet pipe 420 are connected to form a cooling channel 430 between them, which is used to cool the bed 200. Specifically, by setting up the cooling structure 400, the bed 200 is cooled to ensure that the bed 200 is at a suitable temperature, thereby ensuring that the catalyst is at a suitable temperature. This not only improves the catalyst activity but also helps to ensure stable and reliable reaction inside the reactor.

[0090] Please refer to it again. Figure 4 In some specific embodiments, the cooling channel 430 includes a first channel and a second channel. An elastic member 431 is provided at the connection between the first channel and the second channel. One end of the elastic member 431 is connected to the first channel, and the other end of the elastic member 431 is connected to the second channel.

[0091] Optionally, the elastic element 431 includes an expansion joint, a flexible connecting pipe, and other elastic elements 431 capable of generating elastic deformation to compensate for the thermal deformation of the first channel and the second channel. Specifically, by providing the elastic element 431, the possibility of leakage in the first channel and the second channel due to thermal deformation is reduced.

[0092] Please refer to it again. Figure 6 and Figure 7 In some specific embodiments, the reactor further includes a compensation structure 500, which includes a first fixing member 510 and a second fixing member 520. The first fixing member 510 is fixedly connected to the cooling medium outlet pipe 420 and / or the cooling medium inlet pipe 410. The second fixing member 520 is fixedly connected to the outer shell 600, and the second fixing member 520 and the first fixing member 510 are flexibly connected.

[0093] Optionally, the first fixing member 510 can be provided only on the cooling medium outlet pipe 420, or only on the cooling medium inlet pipe 410, or both the cooling medium inlet pipe 410 and the outlet pipe can be provided with the first fixing member 510 to provide a buffer for the cooling structure 400. The specific setting can be designed according to the actual usage requirements.

[0094] By flexibly connecting the first fixing member 510 and the second fixing member 520, the cooling medium outlet pipe 420 and / or the cooling medium inlet pipe 410 can transfer their thermal expansion to the outer casing 600. In conventional technology, external expansion joints are usually used to transfer the thermal expansion difference to the piping system, making piping more difficult. By setting the compensation structure 500 accordingly, the thermal expansion is transferred to the outer casing 600 through flexible connection, which not only reduces the leakage problem caused by the expansion deformation of the piping system, but also solves the problem of difficult piping.

[0095] Please refer to it again. Figure 6 and Figure 7 In some specific embodiments, a first flexible gap 501 is provided between the first fixing member 510 and the second fixing member 520 along the second direction, and a first buffer compensation member 530 is provided between the first fixing member 510 and the second fixing member 520. The first buffer compensation member 530 abuts against the first fixing member 510 and the second fixing member 520 along the second direction respectively.

[0096] Specifically, a first flexible gap 501 is provided between the first fixing member 510 and the second fixing member 520 along the second direction. The first fixing member 510 is provided with a first outward protrusion 5110, and the second fixing member 520 is provided with a second outward protrusion 5210. The first outward protrusion 5110 and the second outward protrusion 5210 are provided along the second direction. A first buffer compensation member 530 is provided between the first outward protrusion 5110 and the second outward protrusion 5210. One end of the first buffer compensation member 530 abuts against the first outward protrusion 5110, and the other end of the first buffer compensation member 530 abuts against the second outward protrusion 5210.

[0097] Optionally, the first buffer compensation member 530 includes a stuffing box, an elastic element, and other elements that can provide a buffering effect when the first fixing member 510 and the second fixing member 520 move relative to each other. The specific element with a buffering effect selected as the first buffer compensation member 530 can be set according to actual usage requirements. Optionally, the second direction can be configured to any direction, and this application does not limit it.

[0098] Specifically, the first buffer compensation member 530 is configured as a stuffing box. Taking the intake pipe 310 as an example, it can be understood that the connection of the exhaust pipe 320 is the same as the principle of this application, and this application will not elaborate on it. When thermal expansion occurs, by fixing the intake pipe 310 and the first fixing member 510 together, the first fixing member 510 can move along the second direction when thermal expansion occurs. At this time, the second direction can be configured as a horizontal direction or as a direction with an angle of <90° with the horizontal direction. When the intake pipe 310 generates thermal expansion in the axial direction, the second direction can be configured as a vertical direction or as a direction with an angle of <90° with the vertical direction. Then, the first flexible gap 501 and the first buffer compensation member 530 buffer the movement of the first fixing member 510 along the second direction, reducing the damage caused by the thermal expansion difference between the piping system and the outer casing 600.

[0099] Please refer to it again. Figure 6 and Figure 7 In some specific embodiments, the first fixing member and the outer shell are provided with a second flexible gap along a third direction, the third direction and the second direction are not collinear, and the first buffer compensation member abuts against the first fixing member and the outer shell respectively along the third direction.

[0100] Specifically, the first fixing member 510 and the second fixing member 520 are provided with a second flexible gap 502 along the third direction of the outer shell 600. The third direction is not collinear with the second direction. The first buffer compensation member 530 is provided with a first surface 5310 along the second direction, and the first surface 5310 abuts against the outer shell 600.

[0101] More specifically, by abutting the first surface 5310 against the outer casing 600, when thermal expansion occurs, the thermal expansion of the intake pipe 310 along both the axial and radial directions can be absorbed by the first fixing member 510 and the second fixing member 520. By absorbing thermal expansion in two directions and transferring it to the first buffer compensation member 530, the first buffer compensation member 530 can simultaneously buffer the displacement of the first fixing member 510 along the second and third directions, thereby absorbing the deformation of the intake pipe 310 caused by thermal expansion.

[0102] Please refer to it again. Figure 6 and Figure 8In some specific embodiments, the outer casing 600 is provided with a mounting base 610, which is flexibly connected to the end of the air outlet pipe 320.

[0103] Alternatively, a mounting base 610 can be installed at the end of the intake pipe 310, and the end of the intake pipe 320 can be flexibly connected to the mounting base 610 in the same way. The specific configuration of the end of the intake pipe 320 can be determined according to actual usage requirements.

[0104] Specifically, by flexibly connecting the mounting base 610 and the end, the thermal expansion difference between the intake pipe 310 and the outer casing 600 can be transferred to the second buffer compensation member 3223, thereby reducing the problems of cracking and leakage of the intake pipe 310 and the exhaust pipe 320 due to thermal expansion deformation.

[0105] Please refer to it again. Figure 6 and Figure 8 In some specific embodiments, a first gap 3221 is provided at the end of the mounting base 610 and the air outlet pipe 320 along the fourth direction, and a second buffer compensation member 3223 is provided at the end of the air outlet pipe 320. The second buffer compensation member 3223 abuts against the end of the mounting base 610 and the end of the air outlet pipe 320 along the fourth direction. A second gap 3222 is provided at the end of the mounting base 610 and the end of the air outlet pipe 320 along the fifth direction. The fourth direction and the fifth direction are not collinear. The second buffer compensation member 3223 abuts against the end of the mounting base 610 and the end of the air outlet pipe 320 along the fifth direction.

[0106] Specifically, the mounting base 610 is provided with a mounting recess 6110, and the end of the air outlet pipe 320 and / or the end of the air inlet pipe 310 includes a mounting protrusion 3210 and an abutment portion 3220. The mounting protrusion 3210 and the abutment portion 3220 are connected. The mounting recess 6110 and the mounting protrusion 3210 are respectively provided with a first gap 3221 and a second gap 3222 along the fourth direction and the fifth direction, respectively. The fourth direction and the fifth direction are not collinear. The abutment portion 3220 is provided with a second buffer compensation member 3223. One end of the second buffer compensation member 3223 abuts against the abutment portion 3220, and the other end of the second buffer compensation member 3223 abuts against the mounting base 610.

[0107] More specifically, taking the connection between the mounting base 610 and the end of the exhaust pipe 320 as an example, it can be understood that the connection principle with the end of the intake pipe 310 is similar to that of the intake pipe 310, which will not be elaborated here. By setting the first gap 3221 and the second gap 3222, the exhaust pipe 320 can move along the third and fourth directions when thermal expansion occurs. The third and fourth directions can be configured according to the second and third directions mentioned above, which will not be elaborated here. The second buffer compensation member 3223 compensates for the movement of the exhaust pipe 320 along the third and fourth directions, thereby reducing the rupture and leakage problems caused by thermal expansion deformation of the exhaust pipe 320.

[0108] Please refer to it again. Figure 9 and Figure 10 In some embodiments, an expansion buffer 311 is fixedly provided at the connection between the air outlet pipe 320 and the outer shell 600. The expansion buffer 311 and the outer shell 600 are fixedly connected. The expansion buffer 311 is provided with an annular bend 312, which is elastic.

[0109] Specifically, in some embodiments, for the sake of lightweighting and miniaturization, the reactor typically integrates its internal components to a high degree. In this case, it is difficult to set up a compensation structure 500. Instead, an elastic expansion buffer 311 can be provided. When thermal expansion occurs, the annular bend 312 will be subjected to a force directed towards the center of the ring transmitted by the inlet pipe 310 or the outlet pipe 320. Since the annular bend 312 is elastic, it will provide a spring force away from the center of the ring. On the one hand, the spring force can provide a buffer for the inlet pipe 310 or the outlet pipe 320. On the other hand, the spring force can also provide support for the inlet pipe 310 or the outlet pipe 320, which helps to arrange it in a highly integrated reactor.

[0110] The aforementioned thermal reactor employs a centripetal radial gas distribution pattern. The reaction gas enters the gas channel between the outer shell 600 and the catalyst frame 700 through the bottom inlet of the outer shell 600. It is then radially distributed to the bed 200 via the catalyst frame 700, undergoing catalytic reaction along the radial path through the bed 200. The gas then enters the central gas collecting cylinder (which has several gas collecting holes) for collection, and finally flows out of the reactor through the outlet pipe 320. The cooling channel 430 includes a heat exchange tube bundle inserted into the bed 200 for cooling the bed 200 and the solids within it. The catalyst particles are cooled, and the temperature is controlled to achieve the optimal catalyst activity. Considering fixation, the heat exchange tube bundle can be welded at one end to the spherical head 340 and at the other end to the spherical tube sheet 440 to ensure that the heat exchange tube bundle does not deform during the reaction process due to the gas flow. The upper part of the reactor consists of an annular tube sheet, a spherical head, a cooling medium outlet pipe 420, several packing pipes 1210, and a central sleeve 1110. The annular tube sheet can be configured as a flat tube sheet or a curved tube sheet according to actual usage requirements. An annular gap (packing channel 112) is provided between the central sleeve 1110 and the central gas collecting pipe 330 for loading the catalyst. The lower part of the reactor consists of a spherical tube sheet 440, a central gas collecting cylinder, a cooling medium inlet pipe 410, and a catalyst discharge port. The cooling medium inlet pipe 410 and the cooling medium outlet pipe 420 can also serve as maintenance manholes. The interior of the central gas collecting cylinder and the outlet pipe 320 are variable diameter components to make the gas flow more uniform. The outer diameter of the annular tube sheet is smaller than the inner diameter of the catalyst frame 700 and forms an annular opening 131 (filling annular gap 132). The annular gap between the central sleeve 1110 and the outlet pipe 320 (filling channel 112) and several catalyst filling pipes 1210 arranged on the periphery form three catalyst filling channels in the radial direction, making the catalyst filling more uniform.

[0111] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0112] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A reactor, characterized in that, The reactor includes: An outer shell (600) is provided, and a reaction chamber (620) is provided inside the outer shell (600), and a bed (200) is provided inside the reaction chamber (620); The first filling component (110) is installed inside the outer shell (600). The first filling component (110) is provided with a first opening (111) through which the filling component can enter the reaction chamber (620) to be filled into the middle of the bed (200). A second filling member (120) is installed inside the outer casing (600). The second filling member (120) is provided with a plurality of second openings (121). The filling material to be filled enters the reaction chamber (620) through the second openings (121) to fill the edge of the bed (200). The second filling member (120) includes a plurality of second filling members (120), which are spaced apart above the edge of the bed (200). The second filling member (120) includes a filling tube (1210), with any end of the filling tube (1210) facing the reaction chamber (620). The second opening (121) is configured such that one end of the filling tube (1210) faces the reaction chamber (620). A third filling component (130) is disposed inside the outer shell (600); the outer shell (600) is provided with a filling opening for filling the component to be filled into the first filling component (110) and the second filling component (120); the third filling component (130) is provided with an annular opening (131), the annular opening (131) and the filling opening are connected, the annular opening (131) is disposed around the first opening (111), and the component to be filled enters the reaction chamber (620) through the annular opening (131) to be filled to the edge of the bed (200); A gas supply structure (300) includes an inlet pipe (310) and an outlet pipe (320), which are respectively located at both ends of the outer shell (600) and are fixedly connected to the outer shell (600); a gas reaction channel (201) is provided in the bed (200), which is connected to the inlet pipe (310) and the outlet pipe (320) respectively; The third filling component (130) includes a filling plate (1310), which is fixedly sleeved on the air inlet pipe (310). The filling plate (1310) and the reactor are provided with a filling annular gap (132) along a first direction. The first direction is provided with an angle with the vertical direction. The annular opening (131) is configured as the filling annular gap (132).

2. The reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas supply structure (300) further includes a central gas collecting pipe (330), which is disposed between the gas reaction channel (201) and the gas outlet pipe (320). The central gas collecting pipe (330) is connected to the gas reaction channel (201) and the gas outlet pipe (320) respectively. The central gas collecting pipe (330) includes a first gas collecting pipe (3310) and a second gas collecting pipe (3320). The first gas collecting pipe (3310) is disposed above the second gas collecting pipe (3320). The gas outlet pipe (320), the first gas collecting pipe (3310), the second gas collecting pipe (3320) and the gas reaction channel (201) are connected in sequence. The inner diameter of the first gas collecting pipe (3310) is larger than the inner diameter of the second gas collecting pipe (3320). The inner diameter of the first gas collecting pipe (3310) is larger than the inner diameter of the gas outlet pipe (320).

3. The reactor according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first loading component (110) includes a fixing plate (1120), which is fixedly sleeved on the air outlet pipe (320), and the first opening (111) is provided on the fixing plate (1120).

4. The reactor according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first filling component (110) further includes a central sleeve (1110), which is sleeved on the air outlet pipe (320) and fixedly connected to the fixing plate (1120); A filling channel (112) is provided between the central sleeve (1110) and the air outlet pipe (320), and one end of the filling channel (112) facing the center (210) is connected to the first opening (111).

5. The reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer casing (600) is provided with a mounting base (610), which is flexibly connected to the end of the air outlet pipe (320); A first gap (3221) is provided at the end of the mounting base (610) and the air outlet pipe (320) along the fourth direction. A second buffer compensation member (3223) is provided at the end of the air outlet pipe (320). The second buffer compensation member (3223) abuts against the end of the mounting base (610) and the end of the air outlet pipe (320) along the fourth direction.

6. The reactor according to claim 5, characterized in that, A second gap (3222) is provided at the end of the mounting base (610) and the air outlet pipe (320) along the fifth direction. The fourth direction is not collinear with the fifth direction. The second buffer compensation member (3223) abuts against the end of the mounting base (610) and the air outlet pipe (320) along the fifth direction.

7. The reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reactor further includes a cooling structure (400), the cooling structure (400) comprising: A cooling medium inlet pipe (410) is provided on the outer casing (600) and is fixedly connected to the outer casing (600); A cooling medium outlet pipe (420) is disposed on the outer shell (600) and fixedly connected to the outer shell (600). The cooling medium inlet pipe (410) and the cooling medium outlet pipe (420) are connected to form a cooling channel (430) between them. The cooling channel (430) is used to cool the bed (200).

8. The reactor according to claim 7, characterized in that, The cooling channel (430) includes a first channel (4310) and a second channel (4320). An elastic element (431) is provided at the connection between the first channel (4310) and the second channel (4320). One end of the elastic element (431) is connected to the first channel (4310), and the other end of the elastic element (431) is connected to the second channel (4320).

9. The reactor according to claim 7, characterized in that, The reactor further includes a compensation structure (500), the compensation structure (500) comprising: The first fixing member (510) is fixedly connected to the cooling channel (430); The second fastener (520) is disposed on the outer casing (600), and the second fastener (520) and the first fastener (510) are flexibly connected. A first flexible gap (501) is provided between the first fixing member (510) and the second fixing member (520) along the second direction, and a first buffer compensation member (530) is provided between the first fixing member (510) and the second fixing member (520). The first buffer compensation member (530) abuts against the first fixing member (510) and the second fixing member (520) respectively along the second direction.

10. The reactor according to claim 9, characterized in that, The first fixing member (510) and the outer shell (600) are provided with a second flexible gap (502) along a third direction. The third direction is not collinear with the second direction. The first buffer compensation member (530) abuts against the first fixing member (510) and the outer shell (600) along the third direction.

11. The reactor according to claim 7, characterized in that, An expansion buffer (311) is fixedly provided at the connection between the cooling channel (430) and the outer shell (600). The expansion buffer (311) and the outer shell (600) are fixedly connected. The expansion buffer (311) is provided with an annular bending portion (312), which is elastic.

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