A kind of translucent multi-layer composite glass and smart window for building

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of building translucent multilayer composite glass and intelligent window, it is related to energy-saving equipment field, including the first transparent substrate, photoelectric layer, gas layer, photothermal layer, second transparent substrate, Low-e film layer, vacuum layer and third transparent substrate arranged in sequence.The building translucent multilayer composite glass of the present application can effectively collect and capture solar energy in ultraviolet band and part of visible and near-infrared band, and convert solar light into electric energy efficiently, and allow most of visible light to pass through;At the same time, the remaining near-infrared band sunlight is converted into heat energy for storage or use;Combining Low-e film layer and vacuum glass structure can reflect infrared band sunlight and environmental thermal radiation, effectively insulate heat exchange and improve thermal insulation performance.Therefore, the building translucent multilayer composite glass of the present application, as an intelligent window, can efficiently collect and utilize solar energy in ultraviolet-visible-infrared full band, helping to solve the problem of energy saving and emission reduction and energy supply in green building.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of energy-saving equipment, in particular to a semi-transparent multi-layer composite glass for buildings and an intelligent window. BACKGROUND

[0002] Building Integrated PV (BIPV) is a new energy-saving and energy-generating building envelope that applies solar cells to buildings, which can be applied to glass, wall panels, roofs and facades, etc. On the one hand, it can effectively regulate temperature and reduce building energy consumption, and on the other hand, it can provide renewable energy for building operation. Common solar cells include silicon solar cells, CZTSSe cells, CIGS cells, CdTe cells, perovskite cells, perovskite / crystalline silicon stacked cells, organic photovoltaic cells, and multi-junction solar cells. The most common silicon solar cells have been widely used in the field of BIPV, but due to their rigidity, appearance, efficiency, installation and other problems, their application scenarios are greatly limited, and it is difficult to integrate with overall building design, especially windows.

[0003] For transparent building envelopes such as windows, organic solar cells are the most promising technology for the next generation of semi-transparent solar cells, which work by capturing light in the invisible ultraviolet and infrared spectrum while allowing light in the visible spectrum to pass through. Compared with traditional solar cell materials such as silicon, gallium arsenide, perovskite, etc., although the efficiency of organic solar cells is slightly lower, they have the advantages of non-toxicity, light weight, low cost, high transparency, and compatibility with large-area printing. Therefore, in the field of high-transparency BIPV applications such as building transparent building envelopes, organic solar cells have great potential. However, due to the low energy conversion efficiency (photovoltaic efficiency is generally below 20%) of BIPV, indoor overheating in summer, single function, light spot pollution and other problems, and a large part of the excess solar energy is converted into heat, which limits the power generation efficiency caused by high temperature, hindering its further application.

[0004] Photo-thermal conversion is another way to utilize solar energy, and the heat collection efficiency of photo-thermal components is generally more than 60%. Currently, metal, low-dimensional carbon-based and polymer-based nanomaterials are the most competitive photo-thermal candidate materials, which have strong photo-thermal conversion capacity through thermal vibration in atomic lattice, and the photo-thermal conversion efficiency can be as high as 98% under sunlight. Therefore, the building integrated photovoltaic-thermal (BIPV / T) that combines photoelectric conversion and photo-thermal conversion can maximize the utilization of solar energy resources. BIPV / T is the integration of solar photovoltaic-thermal comprehensive utilization technology and building, forming photovoltaic-thermal roofs, walls, windows, shading facilities, etc., which can generate electricity while the cooling medium in the system removes the heat of the battery, improves the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel, and meets the user's demand for high-quality electricity and low-quality heat, which is an important way and future trend to realize efficient utilization of solar energy. The main reasons for the heating of photovoltaic components are light absorption and heating and battery internal resistance operation heating. The BIPV / T photovoltaic-thermal integrated system can reduce the temperature of the photovoltaic component by about 25℃, increase the power generation efficiency by 10%, and the comprehensive solar energy utilization rate is more than 70%. Therefore, in order to better solve the energy saving and emission reduction and energy supply problems in green buildings, it is necessary to carry out research on more efficient solar energy collection and utilization technology, especially photovoltaic-thermal comprehensive utilization technology. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a semi-transparent multi-layer composite glass for building and an intelligent window, which can efficiently collect and utilize full-band solar energy, and solve the problems of energy saving and emission reduction and energy supply in green buildings.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following solutions:

[0007] A semi-transparent multi-layer composite glass for building, comprising: a first transparent substrate, a photoelectric layer, a gas layer, a photo-thermal layer, a second transparent substrate, a Low-e film layer, a vacuum layer and a third transparent substrate arranged in sequence.

[0008] The photoelectric layer is used for converting the light in the ultraviolet band and the infrared band in the sunlight into electrical energy, and transmitting the visible band sunlight; the photo-thermal layer is used for converting the remaining band infrared light in the sunlight into heat energy; the gas layer is used for heat transfer; and the Low-e film layer and the vacuum layer are used for heat exchange insulation to improve the heat preservation performance.

[0009] Optionally, the material of the first transparent substrate, the material of the second transparent substrate and the material of the third transparent substrate are all glass with a light transmittance greater than 90%.

[0010] Optionally, the photoelectric layer is an organic thin-film solar cell.

[0011] Optionally, the thickness of the organic thin-film solar cell is 100-500nm; the donor in the organic thin-film solar cell is PM6, the acceptor is Y6, the mass ratio is 1:n, 1

[0012] Optionally, the photo-thermal layer is Cs x WO3 powder and resin mixed film, 0 x The mass percentage of WO3 powder is 1-10wt%.

[0013] Optionally, the gas layer is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet; the air in the gas layer flows directionally from the air inlet to the air outlet; the flow rate of the air is 1-3m / s.

[0014] Optionally, the width of the gas layer is 1-10mm.

[0015] Optionally, the preparation material of the Low-e film layer is one or a mixture of several of silver, nickel-chromium, silicon-aluminum, titanium oxide, zinc-tin, zinc-aluminum and chromium; the thickness of the Low-e film layer is 10-100nm.

[0016] Optionally, the air pressure of the vacuum layer is not higher than 0.1Pa; the width of the vacuum layer is 0.1-1mm; the heat transfer coefficient of the vacuum glass is ≤0.8W / m 2 K.

[0017] An intelligent window is prepared from the above-provided semi-transparent multilayer composite glass for buildings.

[0018] According to the specific embodiments provided in the present application, the following technical effects are disclosed:

[0019] The building semi-transparent multilayer composite glass provided by the application comprises a first transparent substrate, a photoelectric layer, a gas layer, a photothermal layer, a second transparent substrate, a Low-e film layer, a vacuum layer and a third transparent substrate arranged in sequence; wherein the photoelectric layer can effectively collect and capture the ultraviolet band (300-380nm) and part of the visible band (380-760nm) and near-infrared band (760-1000nm) of sunlight, and convert the captured sunlight into electric energy with high efficiency, while allowing most of the visible light and part of the infrared light to pass through; the photothermal layer with high visible light transmittance adopted converts the remaining near-infrared (1-2.5um) band of sunlight into heat energy, and removes the heat through the gas layer to realize heat storage or use; the Low-e film layer reflects the infrared (1-2.5um) band of sunlight and environmental thermal radiation (2.5-40um) on the basis of transmitting visible light, which, in combination with the vacuum layer, can effectively isolate heat exchange to improve the heat preservation performance, and improve the energy conversion efficiency of the photothermal layer. Therefore, the building semi-transparent multilayer composite glass of the application can efficiently collect and utilize the ultraviolet-visible-infrared full-band sunlight as a smart window, and help solve the energy saving and emission reduction and energy supply problems in green buildings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described in the following are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can also be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0021] Figure 1 The structural schematic diagram of the building semi-transparent multilayer composite glass provided by the present application;

[0022] Figure 2 The absorption spectrum diagram of the photoelectric layer under different donor-acceptor ratios provided by the present application;

[0023] Figure 3 The absorption spectrum of the photothermal layer of the composite glass with different CWO ratios provided by the present application and the comparison diagram of the solar radiation spectrum on the earth;

[0024] Figure 4 The transmission spectrum diagram of the photothermal layer of the composite glass with different CWO ratios provided by the present application;

[0025] Figure 5 The photothermal efficiency change diagram of the photothermal layer of the composite glass with different CWO ratios provided by the present application;

[0026] Figure 6 The schematic diagram of the smart window provided by the present application.

[0027] Symbol explanation:

[0028] 1-first transparent substrate, 2-photovoltaic layer, 3-gas layer, 4-photothermal layer, 5-second transparent substrate, 6-Low-e film layer, 7-vacuum layer, 8-third transparent substrate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a translucent multi-layer composite glass and smart window for construction, which can efficiently collect and utilize full-band solar energy to solve the problems of energy conservation, emission reduction and energy supply in green buildings.

[0031] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the translucent multi-layer composite glass for construction provided by the present invention includes: a first transparent substrate 1, a photovoltaic layer 2, a gas layer 3, a photothermal layer 4, a second transparent substrate 5, a Low-e film layer 6, a vacuum layer 7 and a third transparent substrate 8 arranged in sequence.

[0033] Among them, the photoelectric layer 2 can effectively collect and capture the ultraviolet (300-380nm) band of solar energy and part of the visible (380-760nm) and infrared (760-1000nm) bands of sunlight and efficiently convert them into electrical energy while ensuring high visible light transmittance, while allowing most visible light and part of infrared light to pass through.

[0034] The photothermal layer 4 converts part of the near-infrared (1-2.5 μm) sunlight into thermal energy on the basis of transmitting visible light, and carries out the heat through the flow of the gas layer 3 to realize the storage or use of thermal energy.

[0035] The Low-e film layer 6 not only transmits visible light but also reflects infrared sunlight (1-2.5μm) and ambient thermal radiation (2.5-40μm). Combined with the vacuum layer 7, it effectively isolates heat exchange, enhancing thermal insulation performance and increasing the energy conversion efficiency of the photothermal layer. This optimizes the thermal resistance and thermal performance of architectural translucent multi-layer composite glass, achieving excellent thermal insulation and heat preservation.

[0036] Further, in order to increase the light transmittance, the material of the first transparent substrate 1, the material of the second transparent substrate 5, and the material of the third transparent substrate 8 are all glass with a light transmittance greater than 90%.

[0037] Further, in order to improve the solar conversion efficiency, in the present application, the photoelectric layer 2 is an organic thin-film solar cell. In practical application, the thickness of the organic thin-film solar cell can be set to 100-500 nm. In the organic thin-film solar cell, the donor is PM6 and the acceptor is Y6, and the mass ratio is 1:n, 1

[0038] The electrode of the organic thin-film solar cell is a single-layer graphene-silver nanowire hybrid transparent electrode. The single-layer graphene has an optical absorption rate of 2.3%, so it has little effect on optics. Meanwhile, the disorderly arrangement of silver nanowires during coating may cause hot spots (high resistance leading to high temperature), affecting the performance of the device, such as its resistance. The single-layer graphene microsheet can be combined between silver nanowires by van der Waals force, which can play a linking conductive role and optimize the conductivity and uniformity.

[0039] Further, the photo-thermal layer 4 is Cs x The mixed film of WO3 powder (CWO) and resin, 0 x The mass percentage of WO3 powder can be set to 1-10wt%.

[0040] The proportion of Cs-doped WO3 powder can effectively improve the visible light transmittance (transmittance > 80%) and near-infrared absorption. Adjusting the mass percentage of CWO powder and resin can intelligently adjust the absorption of visible light and near-infrared light, and realize maximum light-thermal conversion utilization according to different visible light transmittance requirements.

[0041] In practical application, in order to further improve the efficiency of heat energy use, the gas layer 3 is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet. The air in the gas layer 3 flows directionally from the air inlet to the air outlet to realize heat export, thereby facilitating applications such as direct heating, heating domestic hot water, or as a heat pump heat source, etc., and is environmentally friendly and pollution-free.

[0042] The flow rate of air in the gas layer 3 (i.e. the ventilation flow rate) can be set to 1-3 m / s. The specific control of this flow rate can be realized by the specific setting of peripheral equipment or the air inlet and air outlet. Moreover, by adjusting the air flow rate, the best heat exchange effect and heat efficiency can be realized under the minimum resistance power consumption in different environments and application backgrounds.

[0043] Further, in order to guarantee the light transmission performance and heat transfer performance of the entire building semi-transparent multilayer composite glass, the width of the gas layer 3 can be set to 1mm-10mm.

[0044] Further, in order to improve the heat insulation performance, the preparation material of the Low-e film layer 6 is one or a mixture of several of silver, nickel-chromium, silicon-aluminum, titanium oxide, zinc-tin, zinc-aluminum, and chromium, and the thickness is 10-100nm. The air pressure of the vacuum layer 7 is set to not higher than 0.1Pa. The width of the vacuum layer 7 is 0.1mm-1mm. The heat transfer coefficient of the vacuum layer 7 is ≤0.8W / m 2 K.

[0045] Further, the specific performance of the building semi-transparent multilayer composite glass of different structures provided by the present application is illustrated by specific embodiments. The parameter settings of different structures in the transparent multilayer composite glass are shown in Table 1, based on which, the absorption spectrum of the photoelectric layer under different donor-acceptor ratios is shown in Figure 2 , the comparison results of the absorption spectrum of the light-heat layer of the composite glass with different CWO ratios and the solar radiation spectrum on the earth are shown in Figure 3 , the transmission spectrum of the light-heat layer of the composite glass with different CWO ratios is shown in Figure 4 , and the change of the light-heat efficiency of the light-heat layer of the composite glass with different CWO ratios is shown in Figure 5 .

[0046] Table 1 Parameter setting table of different structures in the transparent multilayer composite glass

[0047]

[0048]

[0049] By in-depth research on the photoelectric conversion and photothermal conversion process of sunlight in buildings, the evolution process and physical mechanism of energy conversion between different forms are revealed, the efficient heat and mass transfer channel between organic / inorganic material interfaces is constructed, and the full-band efficient utilization of sunlight is realized. The building semi-transparent multilayer composite glass provided by the present application can be prepared into an intelligent window, and the prepared intelligent window can efficiently collect and utilize full-band solar energy, and its working principle is shown in Figure 6 . Figure 6 In the present application, the vacuum glass refers to the second transparent substrate, the vacuum layer and the third transparent substrate. The vacuum layer is used to optimize the thermal resistance and thermal performance of the intelligent window, and the building semi-transparent multilayer intelligent window with excellent heat preservation performance for efficiently collecting and utilizing full-band solar energy is obtained, and the heat preservation energy loss through the window in the building is reduced.

[0050] Based on the above description, the advantages of the scheme provided by the present application are:

[0051] 1) The present application uses PM6, Y6 organic small molecule material system, combined with single-layer graphene-silver nanowire mixed high-transparency electrode design, to fully utilize the ultraviolet band (300-380 nm), part of the visible light band (380-760 nm) and near-infrared light band (760-1000 nm) sunlight to efficiently convert into electrical energy, while maximizing the transmission of visible light, realizing the design of high visible light transparency window.

[0052] 2) In order to further improve the solar energy conversion efficiency of the semi-transparent intelligent window for building, especially to reduce the heat loss, the present application uses high visible light transmission, low cost, and scalable production of light-heat conversion material CWO to realize high-efficiency collection of near-infrared light band (1-2.5 μm) and maximize conversion into heat energy, and through the circulation of air to export the heat for use, which can be applied to direct heating, heating domestic hot water or as a heat pump heat source and other purposes. In addition, the light-heat layer can also be a mixture of one or several of ITO, AZO, VO2 and other transparent nanomaterials.

[0053] 3) The present application maximizes the utilization of ultraviolet-visible and near-infrared three-band solar energy by optimizing the spectral adaptability of the photovoltaic layer and the light-heat layer. Among them, the photovoltaic layer converts ultraviolet, near-infrared and part of the visible light band solar energy into electrical energy, and the light-heat layer converts the remaining band near-infrared sunlight into heat energy, while the whole tries to transmit the visible light band to realize semi-transparency.

[0054] 4) The present application combines the multi-layer glass interface structure design (i.e. setting multiple transparent substrates), uses Low-e film layer and vacuum layer to optimize the thermal resistance and thermal performance of the intelligent window, and can prepare a semi-transparent multi-layer intelligent window for building with excellent heat preservation performance and efficient collection and utilization of full-band solar energy.

[0055] 5) In the present application, the intelligent window structure has simple manufacturing process, can efficiently collect and utilize full-band solar energy, and can be widely applied in building transparent enclosure structure.

[0056] 6) The present application breaks through the limitations of low building photovoltaic integrated energy conversion efficiency, summer indoor overheating, low light transmittance, and single function, and provides an intelligent window that can promote the efficient innovation of clean energy technology and accelerate the low-carbon green development of buildings.

[0057] The various embodiments in the specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be mutually referred to.

[0058] The principles and implementation manners of the present application are described by using specific examples in the present application, and the above examples are only used to help understand the method of the present application and its core idea; meanwhile, for the general technical personnel in the art, the specific implementation manners and application ranges will be changed according to the idea of the present application. In conclusion, the content of the present specification should not be understood as the limitation of the present application.

Claims

1. A translucent multi-layer composite glass for construction, characterized in that: include: A first transparent substrate, a photovoltaic layer, a gas layer, a photothermal layer, a second transparent substrate, a Low-e film layer, a vacuum layer, and a third transparent substrate are sequentially arranged; the photovoltaic layer is an organic thin-film solar cell; and the thickness of the organic thin-film solar cell is 100 nm to 500 nm; The photovoltaic layer is used to convert sunlight in the ultraviolet and infrared bands into electrical energy and transmit sunlight in the visible band; the photothermal layer is used to convert infrared light in the remaining bands of sunlight into thermal energy; the gas layer is used for heat transfer; the Low-e film layer and the vacuum layer are used to isolate heat exchange and improve thermal insulation performance; The photothermal layer is Cs x WO3 powder and resin mixed film, 0<x<1; Cs x The mass percentage of WO3 powder is 1-10wt%; The gas layer is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet; the air in the gas layer flows directionally from the air inlet to the air outlet.

2. The translucent multi-layer composite glass for construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the first transparent substrate, the material of the second transparent substrate, and the material of the third transparent substrate are all glass with a light transmittance greater than 90%.

3. The translucent multi-layer composite glass for construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The donor in the organic thin-film solar cell is PM6 and the acceptor is Y6, with a mass ratio of 1:n, 1<n<50; the electrode of the organic thin-film solar cell is a single-layer graphene-silver nanowire hybrid transparent electrode.

4. The translucent multi-layer composite glass for construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow rate of the air is 1 m / s-3 m / s.

5. The translucent multi-layer composite glass for construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the gas layer is 1mm-10mm.

6. The translucent multi-layer composite glass for construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Low-e film layer is prepared from one or a mixture of silver, nickel-chromium, silicon-aluminum, titanium oxide, zinc-tin, zinc-aluminum, and chromium; the thickness of the Low-e film layer is 10-100 nm.

7. The translucent multi-layer composite glass for construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air pressure of the vacuum layer is not higher than 0.1 Pa; the width of the vacuum layer is 0.1mm-1mm; vacuum glass refers to the second transparent substrate, vacuum layer and third transparent substrate; the heat transfer coefficient of the vacuum glass is ≤0.8W / m 2 K.

8. A smart window, characterized in that: The glass is prepared by using the translucent multi-layer composite glass for construction as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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