A bedding slope tunnel portal anti-seismic protection structure and construction method

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and particularly discloses a bedding slope tunnel portal anti-seismic protection structure and a construction method, an anti-seismic protection structure, which comprises a retaining protection structure arranged outside a tunnel portal, a slope protection assembly arranged along a slope direction and located on a slope, a sleeve arch system arranged at the tunnel portal, and a first elastic shock absorption structure hingedly connected with the sleeve arch system and the retaining protection structure at two ends; the sleeve arch system comprises a sleeve arch structure arranged at the tunnel portal and connected with the retaining protection structure through the first elastic shock absorption structure, and an energy dissipation assembly mounted outside the sleeve arch structure and arranged along a tunnel axial direction. The construction method of the anti-seismic protection structure is also disclosed; the anti-seismic performance of the protection structure can be improved; and the influence of the earthquake action on the tunnel structure can be effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and more specifically, to a seismic protection structure and construction method for a tunnel portal with staggered slopes and small clearance. Background Technology

[0002] Shallow-buried tunnels in high mountain and canyon areas are susceptible to the effects of eccentric pressure. The tunnel entrance will be subjected to severe unbalanced forces. As the weakest point of the tunnel, the tunnel entrance is prone to instability and failure under the action of unbalanced forces.

[0003] In bedding slopes, the rock strata dip in the same direction as the slope's inclination. Under seismic loading, these bedding strata are highly susceptible to sliding along their bedding planes. When tunnels are constructed on such slopes, rock slippage can damage the tunnel structure.

[0004] Due to the complex terrain, the tunnel entrances of the twin tunnels with small clearance are arranged in a staggered manner, and the entrance structure is complex. Under the influence of three adverse factors—bedding rock strata, shallow buried bias pressure, and high-intensity earthquakes—the tunnel entrances are extremely prone to instability and failure. Therefore, seismic protection is required for these tunnel entrances. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a seismic protection structure for tunnel entrances on bedding slopes and a construction method thereof;

[0006] The solution adopted by this invention to solve the technical problem is:

[0007] A seismic protection structure for tunnel entrance on a bedding slope includes a retaining protection structure set outside the tunnel entrance, a slope protection component set along the slope direction and located on the slope, a sleeve arch system set at the tunnel entrance, and a first elastic seismic isolation structure hinged at both ends to the sleeve arch system and the retaining protection structure respectively.

[0008] The arch system includes an arch structure located at the tunnel entrance and connected to the retaining and protective structure via a first elastic shock-absorbing structure, and an energy dissipation component installed on the outside of the arch structure and arranged along the tunnel axis.

[0009] The retaining and protective structure set outside the tunnel entrance is used to block the rolling rocks sliding down the slope and absorb the impact force of the rolling rocks, playing a significant role in energy dissipation. The retaining and protective structure is connected to the arch system through the first elastic seismic isolation structure, which improves the load-bearing capacity of the tunnel arch. When no earthquake occurs, the arch system and the retaining structure form a whole under stress, which improves the load-bearing capacity of the tunnel entrance. When an earthquake occurs, the first elastic seismic isolation structure transforms into a seismic isolation device to reduce the impact of seismic waves on the tunnel structure.

[0010] The slope protection component can protect and block falling rocks to prevent them from impacting the tunnel structure, detect relative sliding between rock strata, increase the pressure between rock strata, prevent sliding of rock strata along the bedding plane, and monitor rock strata sliding information in real time.

[0011] The energy dissipation components in the arch system serve as energy dissipation facilities, effectively reducing the impact of seismic waves on the tunnel structure. When the bedding slope becomes unstable and slides down, the rock strata impact the retaining and protective structure, causing the surrounding rock and soil to be squeezed and displaced into the tunnel. The energy dissipation components resist part of the displacement and impact force at the cost of their own deformation.

[0012] The present invention can improve seismic performance and prevent instability and damage at the tunnel entrance through the above-mentioned design.

[0013] In some possible implementations,

[0014] The retaining and protective structure includes a deep-buried anti-slide pile structure located on the deep-buried side of the tunnel, a retaining wall structure located on the shallow-buried side of the tunnel, a connecting beam assembly located above the tunnel entrance and used for the retaining wall structure and the deep-buried anti-slide pile structure, and a replacement layer structure located below the tunnel entrance and used to support the retaining wall structure.

[0015] Multiple sets of the deep-buried anti-slide pile structures are sequentially arranged along the tunnel axis.

[0016] In some possible implementations,

[0017] The deep-buried anti-slide pile structure includes a deep-buried anti-slide pile that is vertically arranged and extends out of the slope surface, a retaining wall that is installed on the deep-buried anti-slide pile and located on the side away from the connecting beam assembly, and a reinforcing rib that is located on the side of the deep-buried anti-slide pile away from the retaining wall and installed on the connecting beam assembly.

[0018] In some possible implementations,

[0019] The retaining wall structure includes a retaining wall body set on the replacement layer structure, and anti-sliding and anti-pull-out components installed on the replacement layer structure.

[0020] The anti-sliding and anti-pull-out components include anti-pull-out pile units installed in the replacement layer structure and extending into the retaining wall body, as well as multiple sets of shallow-buried anti-sliding piles set on the side of the retaining wall body away from the tunnel entrance and in contact with the retaining wall body; the multiple sets of shallow-buried anti-sliding piles are set along the tunnel axis.

[0021] The anti-uplift pile unit includes at least two rows of anti-uplift pile groups;

[0022] Each group of anti-tension piles includes multiple groups of anti-tension piles arranged along the tunnel axis; the anti-tension piles in the two rows of anti-tension pile units are staggered along the tunnel axis.

[0023] The two adjacent sets of anti-uplift piles are connected by a second elastic shock-absorbing structure.

[0024] In some possible implementations,

[0025] The first elastic shock absorption structure is the same as the second elastic shock absorption structure;

[0026] It includes a sealing sleeve, a piston rod located inside the sealing sleeve, and a spring fitted on the outside of the piston rod.

[0027] In some possible implementations,

[0028] The arch structure includes an arch steel frame hinged to one end of the first elastic shock-absorbing structure and installed on the replacement layer structure, and a grouting steel pipe installed on the arch steel frame and arranged along the tunnel axis.

[0029] In some possible implementations,

[0030] The energy dissipation component includes multiple sets of steel pipes evenly arranged along the circumference of the tunnel, with each set of steel pipes arranged along the axial direction of the tunnel, and energy dissipation material filled inside the steel pipes.

[0031] In some possible implementations,

[0032] The slope protection component includes multiple sets of prestressed anchor cables installed along the slope direction within the slope, displacement sensors installed on the prestressed anchor cables and located at the intersection of the prestressed anchor cables and the slope rock strata, and a protective net installed on the slope.

[0033] In some possible implementations,

[0034] The replacement layer structure includes a replacement layer and a reinforcing support steel pipe with one end located inside the replacement layer and the other end passing through and extending into the base layer.

[0035] on the other hand:

[0036] A construction method for a seismic protection structure for tunnel portals with bedding slopes as described above specifically includes the following steps:

[0037] Tunnel excavation and replacement layer structure construction;

[0038] Construction of slope protection components;

[0039] Construction of retaining and protective structures;

[0040] Construction of the arch system.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0042] This invention improves the load-bearing capacity of the tunnel entrance by connecting the first elastic shock-absorbing structure and the retaining and protective structure through the arch system to form a whole bearing structure, and at the same time can effectively reduce the impact of seismic waves on the tunnel structure during earthquakes.

[0043] This invention protects and blocks rolling stones by combining a protective net with a barrier cavity, thus consuming the impact potential energy of the rolling stones on the tunnel structure; it also uses displacement sensors to capture the relative sliding between rock strata and monitors the rock strata sliding information in real time; and it uses prestressed anchor cables to increase the pressure between rock strata and prevent the sliding of rock strata along the bedding plane.

[0044] This invention effectively avoids damage to the tunnel structure during earthquakes through the combination of protective netting, retaining walls, a first elastic shock-absorbing structure, a second elastic shock-absorbing structure, and energy dissipation components; it has a simple structure and strong practicality. Attached Figure Description

[0045] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the support and protection structure in this invention;

[0047] Figure 3 This is a structural view of the present invention when there are two sets of tunnel entrances;

[0048] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Top view sectional view;

[0049] Among them: 1-retaining and protective structure, 11-deeply buried anti-slide pile structure, 111-deeply buried anti-slide pile, 112-retaining wall, 113-reinforcing rib, 12-retaining wall structure, 121-retaining wall body, 122-shallowly buried anti-slide pile, 123-anti-tension pile, 124-second elastic shock-absorbing structure, 13-connecting beam assembly, 131-connecting crossbeam, 132-connecting longitudinal beam, 14-replacement layer structure, 141-replacement layer, 142-reinforced support steel pipe, 2-slope protection assembly, 3-arch system, 31-arch structure, 32-energy dissipation assembly, 4-first elastic shock-absorbing structure, 5-deeply buried anti-slide pile II, 6-tethering anchor. Detailed Implementation

[0050] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this application do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Similarly, "a" or "one," etc., do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the existence of at least one. In the implementation of this application, "and / or" describes the association relationship of related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more. For example, multiple positioning posts refer to two or more positioning posts. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0051] The present invention will now be described in detail.

[0052] In this invention, the deeply buried side refers to the side of the tunnel that is closer to the slope along its axial direction, and the shallowly buried side refers to the side of the tunnel that is farther away from the slope along its axial direction.

[0053] like Figures 1-4 As shown:

[0054] A seismic protection structure for tunnel entrance on a bedding slope includes a retaining protection structure 1 set outside the tunnel entrance, a slope protection component 2 set along the slope direction and located on the slope, a sleeve arch system 3 set at the tunnel entrance, and a first elastic shock-absorbing structure 4 hinged at both ends to the sleeve arch system 3 and the retaining protection structure respectively.

[0055] The arch system 3 includes an arch structure 31 installed at the tunnel entrance and connected to the retaining and protective structure 1 via a first elastic shock-absorbing structure 4, and an energy dissipation component 32 installed on the outside of the arch structure 31 and arranged along the tunnel axis.

[0056] The retaining and protective structure 1 set outside the tunnel entrance is used to block the rolling rocks sliding down the slope and absorb the impact force of the rolling rocks, which plays a significant role in energy dissipation. The retaining and protective structure 1 is connected to the arch system 3 through the first elastic shock absorption structure 4, which improves the load-bearing capacity of the tunnel arch.

[0057] When no earthquake occurs, the arch system 3 and the support structure form a whole under stress, which improves the bearing capacity of the tunnel entrance. When an earthquake occurs, the first elastic shock-absorbing structure 4 transforms into a shock-absorbing device to reduce the impact of seismic waves on the tunnel structure.

[0058] The slope protection component 2 can protect and block falling rocks to prevent them from impacting the tunnel structure, capture the relative sliding between rock strata, increase the pressure between rock strata, prevent the sliding of rock strata along the bedding plane, and monitor rock strata sliding information in real time.

[0059] The energy dissipation component 32 in the arch system 3 serves as an energy dissipation facility, which can effectively reduce the impact of seismic waves on the tunnel structure. When the bedding slope becomes unstable and slides down, the rock strata impact the retaining and protective structure 1, causing the surrounding rock and soil to be squeezed and displaced into the tunnel. The energy dissipation component 32 resists part of the displacement and impact force at the cost of its own deformation.

[0060] The present invention can improve seismic performance and prevent instability and damage at the tunnel entrance through the above-mentioned design.

[0061] In some possible implementations,

[0062] The retaining and protective structure 1 includes a deep-buried anti-slide pile structure 11 located on the deep-buried side of the tunnel, a retaining wall structure 12 located on the shallow-buried side of the tunnel, a connecting beam assembly 13 located above the tunnel entrance and used for the retaining wall structure 12 and the deep-buried anti-slide pile structure 11, and a replacement layer structure 14 located below the tunnel entrance and used for supporting the retaining wall structure 12.

[0063] Multiple sets of the deep-buried anti-slide pile structure 11 are sequentially arranged along the tunnel axis.

[0064] The retaining wall structure 12, the connecting beam assembly 13, and the deep anti-slip structure are connected on one side to form a portal-shaped structure located on the outside of the tunnel entrance and connected to the arch structure 31 through the first elastic shock-absorbing structure 4; the first elastic shock-absorbing structure 4 consists of multiple sets and is set along the circumference of the tunnel entrance.

[0065] The two ends of each group of first elastic shock-absorbing structures 4 are respectively hinged to arch structure 31, deep-buried anti-slide pile structure 11, retaining wall structure 12, or connecting beam assembly 13.

[0066] In some possible implementations,

[0067] The deep-buried anti-slide pile structure 11 includes a deep-buried anti-slide pile 111 arranged vertically and extending out of the slope surface at its top, a retaining wall 112 installed on the deep-buried anti-slide pile 111 and located on the side away from the connecting beam assembly 13, and a reinforcing rib 113 located on the side of the deep-buried anti-slide pile 111 away from the retaining wall 112 and installed on the connecting beam assembly 13.

[0068] The top of the deeply buried anti-slide pile 111 will extend 3-5m beyond the slope surface as a support structure for the retaining wall 112. The retaining wall 112 will be installed at the position where the deeply buried anti-slide pile 111 extends beyond the slope surface to intercept boulders that slide down the slope surface and are blocked by the slope protection component 2, thereby resisting and dissipating energy from the boulders. The deep-buried anti-slide pile 111 is buried 1-2 meters deep in the base layer, and its axial spacing is 1-1.5 meters. The cross-sectional dimensions of the deeply buried anti-slide pile 111 are 2.0×3.0m.

[0069] The retaining wall 112 is made of reinforced gabions. The crushed stone filled in the reinforced gabions is loose in texture and can effectively absorb the impact of rolling stones, thus playing a significant role in energy dissipation.

[0070] The reinforcing rib 113 is used to support and reinforce the top of the deep-buried anti-slide pile 111, which will extend 3-5m beyond the slope surface. The internal steel bars of the reinforcing rib 113 are connected to the anti-slide pile and the connecting beam assembly 13 and are cast together, so that the reinforcing rib 113, the connecting beam assembly 13, and the deep-buried anti-slide pile 111 form a solid whole.

[0071] The connecting beam assembly 13 includes multiple sets of connecting crossbeams 131 arranged along the tunnel axis, and connecting longitudinal beams 132 for connecting two adjacent sets of connecting crossbeams 131; the steel bars inside the two are connected to each other at the connection point to form a stable whole.

[0072] The reinforcing rib 113 has a right-angled triangular structure.

[0073] In some possible implementations,

[0074] The retaining wall structure 12 includes a retaining wall body 121 disposed on the replacement layer structure 14, and anti-sliding and anti-pull-out components installed on the replacement layer structure 14.

[0075] The top of the retaining wall body 121 is connected to the connecting beam 131 to form a stable whole;

[0076] The anti-sliding and anti-pull-out components installed in the replacement layer structure 14 increase the stability of the foot of the retaining wall body 121 and improve the horizontal thrust resistance and pull-out resistance of the retaining wall body 121.

[0077] The anti-sliding and anti-pull-out components include anti-pull-out pile 123 units installed in the replacement layer structure 14 and extending into the retaining wall body 121, and multiple sets of shallow-buried anti-sliding piles 122 set on the side of the retaining wall body 121 away from the tunnel entrance and abutting against the retaining wall body 121; the multiple sets of shallow-buried anti-sliding piles 122 are set along the tunnel axis.

[0078] The anti-tension pile 123 unit includes at least two rows of anti-tension pile 123 groups;

[0079] Each set of tension piles 123 includes multiple sets of tension piles 123 arranged along the tunnel axis; the tension piles 123 in the two rows of tension pile units are staggered along the tunnel axis.

[0080] The two adjacent sets of anti-uplift piles 123 are connected by a second elastic shock-absorbing structure 124.

[0081] The tension piles 123 are installed inside the replacement layer structure 14, with one end extending through the replacement layer structure 14 into the retaining wall body 121. In the entire tension pile 123 unit, two adjacent sets of tension piles 123 are connected by a second elastic seismic isolation structure 124. The two ends of each set of second elastic seismic isolation structures 124 are respectively hinged to the two sets of tension piles 123. The setting of the second elastic seismic isolation structure 124 can effectively reduce the influence of horizontal seismic waves, and the setting of tension piles 123 can reduce the influence of vertical seismic waves and improve the overturning resistance of the retaining wall.

[0082] In some possible implementations, in order to effectively reduce the impact of seismic waves on the tunnel, the first elastic shock-absorbing structure 4 and the second elastic shock-absorbing structure 124 are designed to be used.

[0083] The first elastic shock absorption structure 4 is the same as the second elastic shock absorption structure 124;

[0084] Includes a sealing sleeve, a piston rod located inside the sealing sleeve, and a spring fitted on the outside of the piston rod;

[0085] The piston rod includes a fixed rod and a telescopic rod, one end of which is fitted inside the fixed rod and moves axially along the fixed rod;

[0086] The sealing sleeve is set along the axial direction of the spring to provide an installation space for the spring and piston, preventing them from being buried by the concrete poured later; thus preventing the elastic shock absorption structure from being used normally.

[0087] When the second elastic shock absorption structure 124 is installed between two sets of adjacent anti-tension piles 123, the bottom of the fixed rod will be hinged to the outer side of one set of anti-tension piles 123 through a hinge seat, the end of the spring near the fixed rod is fixedly connected to the fixed rod, and the end of the spring near the telescopic rod is fixedly connected to the telescopic rod; the end of the telescopic rod away from the fixed rod is hinged to the other set of anti-tension piles 123 through a hinge seat.

[0088] In some possible implementations,

[0089] The arch structure 31 includes an arch steel frame that is hinged to one end of the first elastic shock-absorbing structure 4 and installed on the replacement layer structure 14, and a grouting steel pipe installed on the arch steel frame and arranged along the tunnel axis.

[0090] The grouting steel pipes are in multiple sets and are fixedly installed on the arch steel frame. The multiple sets of grouting steel pipes are set along the circumference of the tunnel entrance.

[0091] The arched steel frame is an I-shaped steel frame. The I-shaped steel frame is connected to the deep-buried anti-slide pile 111, the retaining wall body 121 and the connecting beam 131 by a first seismic isolation connection structure.

[0092] In some possible implementations,

[0093] The energy dissipation component 32 includes multiple sets of steel pipes evenly arranged along the circumference of the tunnel, each set of steel pipes being arranged along the axial direction of the tunnel, and the steel pipes being filled with energy dissipation material; the steel pipes are low-strength, high-ductility steel pipes, and the energy dissipation material is aluminum foam;

[0094] When an earthquake occurs, the steel pipes and aluminum foam act as energy dissipation facilities, effectively reducing the impact of seismic waves on the tunnel structure. When the slope along the bedding becomes unstable and slides down, the rock strata impact the deeply buried anti-slide piles 111, causing the soil and rock near the deeply buried anti-slide piles 111 to be squeezed and displaced into the tunnel entrance. The steel pipes resist part of the displacement and impact force at the cost of being deformed by the pressure.

[0095] In some possible implementations,

[0096] The slope protection component 2 includes multiple sets of prestressed anchor cables installed along the slope direction within the slope, displacement sensors installed on the prestressed anchor cables and located at the intersection of the prestressed anchor cables and the slope rock strata, and a protective net installed on the slope.

[0097] The spacing between two adjacent sets of prestressed anchor cables is 3-5m;

[0098] Displacement sensors are installed at the intersection of the prestressed anchor cable and the slope rock strata to capture the relative sliding between the rock strata; the prestressed anchor cable can also increase the pressure between the rock strata to prevent the slope rock strata from sliding, and the displacement sensors can monitor the rock strata sliding information in real time.

[0099] The protective netting can be laid in several layers according to the length of the slope; the spacing between two adjacent layers of protective netting along the slope is 15-20m; the protective netting mainly serves as the first layer of protection against falling rocks. When the falling rocks penetrate all the passive protective netting, they will hit the retaining wall 112. After multiple energy dissipation, the retaining wall 112 can effectively intercept the falling rocks behind it, so as to prevent the falling rocks from impacting the tunnel structure.

[0100] In some possible implementations,

[0101] The replacement layer structure 14 includes a replacement layer 141 and a reinforcing support steel pipe 142 with one end located inside the replacement layer 141 and the other end passing through and extending into the base layer.

[0102] By setting up reinforcing support steel pipes 142, the bearing capacity and strength of the stratum can be increased, and the stratum settlement can be reduced. The replacement layer 141 is filled with C15 concrete to harden the road surface.

[0103] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, when there are two sets of tunnels, the retaining and protective structure 1 will be set on the outside of the two sets of tunnels; another set of deep-buried anti-slide piles will be set between the two sets of tunnels, and the deep-buried anti-slide piles 5 will be connected to the connecting beam assembly 13; the two sets of tunnels will be connected by tie anchors 6 set in the transverse direction, and the setting of tie anchors 6 will reduce the pressure of the rock and soil between the tunnels on the tunnel structure; the retaining wall is set on the deep-buried anti-slide piles near the slope side, and the retaining wall assembly is set on the side of the other set of tunnels away from the slope.

[0104] on the other hand:

[0105] A construction method for a seismic protection structure for tunnel portals with bedding slopes as described above specifically includes the following steps:

[0106] Tunnel excavation and construction of the replacement layer structure 14;

[0107] Construction of slope protection components;

[0108] Construction of retaining and protective structure 1;

[0109] Construction of the arch system 3.

[0110] This invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The invention extends to any new feature or combination disclosed in this specification, as well as any new method or process step or combination disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A structure for protecting a tunnel portal from earthquakes, wherein the structure is a bedding plane slope tunnel portal earthquake protection structure, characterized in that, It includes a retaining and protective structure set outside the tunnel entrance, a slope protection component set along the slope direction and located on the slope, a sleeve arch system set at the tunnel entrance, and a first elastic shock-absorbing structure hinged at both ends to the sleeve arch system and the retaining and protective structure respectively. The arch system includes an arch structure located at the tunnel entrance and connected to the retaining and protective structure via a first elastic shock-absorbing structure, and an energy dissipation component installed on the outside of the arch structure and along the tunnel axis; the retaining and protective structure includes a deep-buried anti-slide pile structure located on the deep-buried side of the tunnel, a retaining wall structure located on the shallow-buried side of the tunnel, a connecting beam assembly located above the tunnel entrance and used for the retaining wall structure and the deep-buried anti-slide pile structure, and a replacement layer structure located below the tunnel entrance and used to support the retaining wall structure; Multiple sets of the aforementioned deep-buried anti-slide pile structures are sequentially arranged along the tunnel axis; The first elastic shock-absorbing structure includes a sealing sleeve, a piston rod located inside the sealing sleeve, and a spring fitted on the outside of the piston rod; The arch structure includes an arch steel frame hinged to one end of the first elastic shock-absorbing structure and installed on the replacement layer structure, and grouting steel pipes installed on the arch steel frame and arranged along the tunnel axis; the energy dissipation component includes multiple sets of steel pipes evenly arranged along the tunnel circumference, each set of steel pipes being arranged along the tunnel axis, and energy dissipation material being filled inside the steel pipes.

2. The anti-seismic protection structure for the order-layered slope tunnel portal according to claim 1, characterized in that, The deep-buried anti-slide pile structure includes a deep-buried anti-slide pile that is vertically arranged and extends out of the slope surface, a retaining wall that is installed on the deep-buried anti-slide pile and located on the side away from the connecting beam assembly, and a reinforcing rib that is located on the side of the deep-buried anti-slide pile away from the retaining wall and installed on the connecting beam assembly.

3. The seismic protection structure for tunnel entrances on bedding slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The retaining wall structure includes a retaining wall body set on the replacement layer structure, and anti-sliding and anti-pull-out components installed on the replacement layer structure. The anti-slide and anti-uplift components include anti-uplift pile units installed within the backfill structure and extending into the retaining wall body, as well as multiple sets of shallow-buried anti-slide piles located on the side of the retaining wall body away from the tunnel entrance and abutting against the retaining wall body; the multiple sets of shallow-buried anti-slide piles are arranged along the tunnel axis; The anti-uplift pile unit includes at least two rows of anti-uplift pile groups; Each group of anti-tension piles includes multiple groups of anti-tension piles arranged along the tunnel axis; the anti-tension piles in the two rows of anti-tension pile units are staggered along the tunnel axis. The two adjacent sets of anti-uplift piles are connected by a second elastic seismic isolation structure.

4. The seismic protection structure for tunnel entrances on bedding slopes according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first elastic shock absorption structure is the same as the second elastic shock absorption structure.

5. The seismic protection structure for tunnel entrances on bedding slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slope protection component includes multiple sets of prestressed anchor cables installed along the slope direction within the slope, displacement sensors installed on the prestressed anchor cables and located at the intersection of the prestressed anchor cables and the slope rock strata, and a protective net installed on the slope.

6. A seismic protection structure for tunnel entrances on bedding slopes according to any one of claims 2-5, characterized in that, The replacement layer structure includes a replacement layer and a reinforcing support steel pipe with one end located inside the replacement layer and the other end passing through and extending into the base layer.

7. A construction method for a seismic protection structure for tunnel entrances on bedding slopes according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Specifically, the following steps are included: Tunnel excavation and replacement layer structure construction; Construction of slope protection components; Construction of retaining and protective structures; Construction of the arch system.

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