Method for batch microwave detoxification of sugarcane seed stalks using a microwave processing integrated device

Abstract

The application discloses a method for processing sugarcane seed stalks in batches by microwave through an integrated microwave processing device, which comprises the following steps: setting a microwave cavity in the middle of a conveying belt, setting two high-frequency microwave feeding antennas and two low-frequency microwave feeding antennas in the microwave cavity; laying the sugarcane seed stalks on the conveying belt and conveying them into the microwave cavity at a constant speed for processing; controlling the time of the sugarcane seed stalks in the microwave cavity to be 90-180s; controlling the processing temperature of the sugarcane seed stalks to be 45-55 DEG C; mixing calcium chloride, sodium chloride and water to prepare a spraying liquid; spraying the processed sugarcane seed stalks; collecting the sprayed sugarcane seed stalks, and then air-drying the collected sugarcane seed stalks after standing for 10-20min; then, treating the sugarcane seed stalks under ultraviolet light for 10-15min; and finally, sealing and storing the sugarcane seed stalks. The application is suitable for processing sugarcane seed stalks in batches, and has the characteristics of high efficiency, rapidness and environmental protection.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of batch detoxification of agricultural products, and particularly relates to a method for batch microwave detoxification of sugarcane stalks by using a microwave processing integrated device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Sugarcane is a crop in temperate and tropical zones and can be used as a raw material for manufacturing sucrose. In China, sugarcane accounts for more than 80% of the raw materials for sugar production. In addition to sugar production, sugarcane produces by-products such as bagasse, molasses, and filter mud. The bagasse can be used as fuel and for making paper and tableware, the molasses can be used to produce high-activity dry yeast for alcohol production, and the filter mud can be made into organic fertilizer. Therefore, sugarcane has high economic value. How to improve the yield and quality of sugarcane is one of the research focuses in the development of the sugarcane industry. In the process of sugarcane cultivation, the stalks of sugarcane are usually used for planting. Due to repeated planting, the stalks used as seedlings are easily infected by pathogens (such as sugarcane mosaic virus, sugarcane yellow leaf virus, sorghum mosaic virus, sugarcane streak mosaic virus, and sugarcane ratoon stunting disease bacteria, etc.), resulting in a decrease in yield and quality, a shortening of the ratoon crop life, and an acceleration of the degeneration of the seed properties. Therefore, current researches all use detoxified sugarcane tissue culture seedlings to replace sugarcane stalks for planting. For example, a two-year-three-harvest sugarcane rotation cultivation method is disclosed in Chinese Patent Application No. CN201810799611.5, in which the axillary buds of sugarcane are selected and soaked in warm water at about 60℃ for a period of time to obtain detoxified axillary buds, and then the detoxified axillary buds are used to cultivate tissue culture seedlings for planting. Compared with directly using sugarcane stalks for planting, the method of using detoxified tissue culture seedlings for planting increases the cultivation work of the tissue culture seedlings and requires various culture solutions or substrates, which not only increases the workload but also significantly increases the planting cost. Therefore, it is still necessary to research and develop a method suitable for detoxification of sugarcane stalks. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of the above problems, the application discloses a method for batch microwave detoxification of sugarcane stalks by using a microwave processing integrated device, which is suitable for batch detoxification of sugarcane stalks and has the characteristics of high efficiency, rapidness, and environmental protection.

[0004] The application is implemented by adopting the following technical scheme:

[0005] A method for batch microwave detoxification of sugarcane stalks by using a microwave processing integrated device, comprising the following steps:

[0006] (1) the microwave cavity is arranged in the middle of the conveying belt, two high-frequency microwave feed-in antennas and two low-frequency microwave feed-in antennas are arranged in the microwave cavity; the two high-frequency microwave feed-in antennas are located in the middle of the microwave cavity, and one high-frequency microwave feed-in antenna is arranged above each side of the conveying belt; the two low-frequency microwave feed-in antennas are located directly above the conveying belt, and one low-frequency microwave feed-in antenna is arranged near the entrance and exit of the microwave cavity; the two high-frequency microwave feed-in antennas use microwaves with a frequency of 2000-3000 MHz, and the two low-frequency microwave feed-in antennas use microwaves with a frequency of 800-1000 MHz;

[0007] (2) the sugarcane seed stalks are laid on the conveying belt, and then the conveying belt is started to send the sugarcane seed stalks into the microwave cavity for treatment at a uniform speed, the time of the sugarcane seed stalks in the microwave cavity is controlled to be 90-180 s, the treatment temperature of the sugarcane seed stalks is controlled to be 45-55 DEG C, and the microwave irradiation energy density of the sugarcane is controlled to be 1200-1800 J / m 3 ;

[0008] (3) calcium chloride, sodium chloride and water are mixed to prepare a spraying liquid, then the sugarcane seed stalks treated in step (2) are sprayed, the sprayed sugarcane seed stalks are collected, air-dried after standing for 10-20 min, then treated under ultraviolet light for 10-15 min, and then sealed and stored; in the spraying liquid, the mass ratio of calcium chloride, sodium chloride and water is (0.2-0.5):(0.3-1):100.

[0009] The microwave cavity is arranged on the conveying belt, the microwave is used to perform batch microwave detoxification treatment on the sugarcane seed stalks on the conveying belt, two high-frequency microwave feed-in antennas are arranged in the middle of the microwave cavity, the viruses and bacteria carried by the sugarcane seed stalks are quickly and effectively killed by inputting high-frequency microwaves, low-frequency microwave feed-in antennas are arranged at the entrance and exit of the microwave cavity, on the one hand, the low-frequency microwave antennas at the entrance input low-frequency microwaves to preheat the sugarcane seed stalks, so as to prevent the temperature change from damaging the active substances in the sugarcane seed stalks, on the other hand, the electromagnetic fields generated by the low-frequency microwaves and the high-frequency microwaves are superimposed on each other, the sugarcane seed stalks on the conveying belt are uniformly heated, and a better virus killing effect is obtained. The sugarcane seed stalks treated by the microwave are sprayed with the adjusting liquid mixed by calcium chloride, sodium chloride and water, the spraying of the adjusting liquid can improve the situation that part of the cells of the sugarcane seed stalks are dehydrated and the electrolyte is unbalanced due to the microwave treatment, and supplementing a certain concentration of calcium ions and sodium ions can effectively promote the germination and growth of the sugarcane seed stalks.

[0010] Further, in step (1), the angle between the two high-frequency microwave feeding antennas and the transmission belt is 35°-45°. By controlling the angle between the high-frequency microwave feeding antennas and the transmission belt, i.e., the angle of microwave feeding, and in combination with the position of the feeding antennas, the microwave hot spot region is located at the center of the transmission belt and uniformly spreads outward, thereby obtaining a good heating effect.

[0011] Further, in step (1), the two high-frequency microwave feeding antennas use microwaves with a power of 1000-3000 W; and the two low-frequency microwave feeding antennas use microwaves with a power of 800-1000 W.

[0012] Further, the length of the sugarcane setts is 20-40 cm, and the sugarcane setts contain 1-3 sugarcane joints. By controlling the length of the sugarcane setts, the sugarcane setts can be uniformly heated under the action of microwaves, and a length that is too long can easily cause a large temperature difference between the two ends and the middle of the sugarcane setts, causing local overheating and deterioration.

[0013] Further, the ultraviolet treatment time in step (3) is 10-15 min.

[0014] Further, in step (3), the sugarcane setts are air-dried at 30-40℃. The air-drying temperature is controlled to remove the excess water on the surface of the sugarcane setts, so as to avoid the destruction of active substances in the sugarcane setts due to long-time heating, and affect the activity of the sugarcane setts.

[0015] Further, in step (3), the water content of the air-dried sugarcane setts is controlled to be 40-50%. The sugarcane setts are prevented from rotting and mildewing due to too high water content.

[0016] The technical solution has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0017] 1. The present application uses a microwave cavity and a transmission belt in combination to continuously and batchwise treat sugarcane setts by microwave detoxification, optimizes the selection and setting of different frequency microwaves, the treatment time and the treatment temperature and other conditions in the microwave treatment process, and rapidly and effectively kills target pathogenic organisms such as sugarcane mosaic virus, sugarcane yellow leaf virus, sorghum mosaic virus, sugarcane stripe mosaic virus and sugarcane ratoon stunting disease bacteria carried by the sugarcane setts. At the same time, the treated sugarcane setts are sprayed with suitable regulators to improve the situation of partial cell dehydration and electrolyte imbalance of the sugarcane setts caused by microwave treatment, and also to supplement certain nutrients to the sugarcane setts and improve the activity of the sugarcane setts. The present application not only uses microwave treatment to detoxify the sugarcane setts, but also uses ultraviolet light to treat the sugarcane setts, further killing pathogenic bacteria carried by the sugarcane setts.

[0018] 2、The process is simple, convenient to operate, suitable for batch detoxification treatment of sugarcane seed stems, and does not use chemical agents harmful to the environment, and has the characteristics of high efficiency, rapidness and environmental protection. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The application is further illustrated by the following examples, but not as a limitation to the application. The specific experimental conditions and methods not specified in the following examples are generally conventional means known to those skilled in the art.

[0020] Example 1: A method for batch microwave detoxification of sugarcane seed stems using a microwave processing integrated device, comprising the following steps:

[0021] (1) A microwave cavity is arranged in the middle of the conveying belt, and 2 high-frequency microwave feed-in antennas and 2 low-frequency microwave feed-in antennas are arranged in the microwave cavity; the 2 high-frequency microwave feed-in antennas are located at the middle position of the microwave cavity, and 1 high-frequency microwave feed-in antenna is arranged above each side of the conveying belt; the 2 low-frequency microwave feed-in antennas are located directly above the conveying belt, and 1 low-frequency microwave feed-in antenna is arranged near the inlet and outlet positions of the microwave cavity; the 2 high-frequency microwave feed-in antennas use microwaves with a frequency of 2450 MHz, and the 2 low-frequency microwave feed-in antennas use microwaves with a frequency of 950 MHz; the included angle between the 2 high-frequency microwave feed-in antennas and the conveying belt is 43.5°, and the 2 high-frequency microwave feed-in antennas use microwaves with a power of 2000 W; the 2 low-frequency microwave feed-in antennas use microwaves with a power of 900 W;

[0022] The length of the sugarcane seed stems is 30 cm, and the sugarcane seed stems contain 3 sugarcane joints;

[0023] (2) The sugarcane seed stems are laid flat on the conveying belt, and then the conveying belt is started to uniformly feed the sugarcane seed stems into the microwave cavity for treatment; the time of the sugarcane seed stems in the microwave cavity is controlled to be 100 s, the treatment temperature of the sugarcane seed stems is controlled to be 50°C, and the microwave irradiation energy density of the sugarcane is controlled to be 1400 J / m 3 ;

[0024] (3) Calcium chloride, sodium chloride and water are mixed to prepare a spraying liquid, and then the sugarcane seed stems treated in step (2) are sprayed, and the sprayed sugarcane seed stems are collected, left standing for 15 min, and then dried at 35°C, the water content of the dried sugarcane seed stems is controlled to be 45%, then treated under ultraviolet light for 12 min, and then sealed and stored; in the spraying liquid, the mass ratio of calcium chloride, sodium chloride and water is 0.35:0.8:100; the ultraviolet treatment time is 14 min.

[0025] Embodiment 2: A method for batch microwave detoxification of sugarcane setts using a microwave processing integrated device, comprising the following steps:

[0026] (1) A microwave cavity is arranged in the middle of the conveying belt, and two high-frequency microwave feed-in antennas and two low-frequency microwave feed-in antennas are arranged in the microwave cavity; the two high-frequency microwave feed-in antennas are located in the middle of the microwave cavity, and one high-frequency microwave feed-in antenna is arranged above each side of the conveying belt; the two low-frequency microwave feed-in antennas are located directly above the conveying belt, and one low-frequency microwave feed-in antenna is arranged near the inlet and outlet of the microwave cavity; the two high-frequency microwave feed-in antennas use microwaves with a frequency of 2000 MHz, and the two low-frequency microwave feed-in antennas use microwaves with a frequency of 800 MHz; the angle between the two high-frequency microwave feed-in antennas and the conveying belt is 35°, and the two high-frequency microwave feed-in antennas use microwaves with a power of 1000 W; the two low-frequency microwave feed-in antennas use microwaves with a power of 800 W;

[0027] The length of the sugarcane setts is 20 cm, and the sugarcane setts contain two sugarcane joints;

[0028] (2) The sugarcane setts are laid flat on the conveying belt, and then the conveying belt is started to uniformly convey the sugarcane setts into the microwave cavity for treatment; the time of the sugarcane setts in the microwave cavity is controlled to be 180 s, the treatment temperature of the sugarcane setts is controlled to be 45°C, and the microwave irradiation energy density of the sugarcane setts is controlled to be 1200 J / m 3 ;

[0029] (3) Calcium chloride, sodium chloride and water are mixed to prepare a spraying liquid, and then the sugarcane setts treated in step (2) are sprayed; the sprayed sugarcane setts are collected, left to stand for 10 min, and then air-dried at 30°C; the water content of the air-dried sugarcane setts is controlled to be 50%, and then the sugarcane setts are treated under ultraviolet light for 15 min, and then sealed and stored; in the spraying liquid, the mass ratio of calcium chloride, sodium chloride and water is 0.2:0.3:100; the ultraviolet treatment time is 15 min.

[0030] Embodiment 3: A method for batch microwave detoxification of sugarcane setts using a microwave processing integrated device, comprising the following steps:

[0031] (1) In the middle of the transmission belt, a microwave cavity is arranged, and two high-frequency microwave feed-in antennas and two low-frequency microwave feed-in antennas are arranged in the microwave cavity; the two high-frequency microwave feed-in antennas are located in the middle of the microwave cavity, and one high-frequency microwave feed-in antenna is arranged above each side of the transmission belt; the two low-frequency microwave feed-in antennas are located directly above the transmission belt, and one low-frequency microwave feed-in antenna is arranged near the entrance and exit of the microwave cavity; the two high-frequency microwave feed-in antennas use microwaves with a frequency of 2600MHz, and the two low-frequency microwave feed-in antennas use microwaves with a frequency of 850MHz; the angle between the two high-frequency microwave feed-in antennas and the transmission belt is 42°, and the two high-frequency microwave feed-in antennas use microwaves with a power of 1500W; the two low-frequency microwave feed-in antennas use microwaves with a power of 850W;

[0032] The length of the sugarcane seed cane is 25cm, and the sugarcane seed cane contains 3 sugarcane joints;

[0033] (2) Place the sugarcane seed cane flat on the transmission belt, then start the transmission belt to send the sugarcane seed cane into the microwave cavity at a uniform speed for processing, control the time of the sugarcane seed cane in the microwave cavity to be 150s, the processing temperature of the sugarcane seed cane to be controlled at 52℃, and the microwave irradiation energy density of the sugarcane to be controlled at 1600 J / m 3 ;

[0034] (3) Mix calcium chloride, sodium chloride and water to prepare a spraying liquid, then spray the sugarcane seed cane treated in step (2), collect the sprayed sugarcane seed cane, and let it stand for 15min before drying at 32℃, the moisture content of the dried sugarcane seed cane is controlled at 42%, then it is treated under ultraviolet light for 12min, and then it is sealed and stored; in the spraying liquid, the mass ratio of calcium chloride, sodium chloride and water is 0.4:0.5:100; the ultraviolet treatment time is 12min.

[0035] Example 4: A method for batch microwave detoxification of sugarcane seed cane using a microwave processing integrated device, comprising the following steps:

[0036] (1) The microwave cavity is arranged in the middle of the conveying belt, and two high-frequency microwave feed-in antennas and two low-frequency microwave feed-in antennas are arranged in the microwave cavity; the two high-frequency microwave feed-in antennas are located in the middle of the microwave cavity, and one high-frequency microwave feed-in antenna is arranged above each side of the conveying belt; the two low-frequency microwave feed-in antennas are located directly above the conveying belt, and one low-frequency microwave feed-in antenna is arranged near the inlet and outlet of the microwave cavity; the two high-frequency microwave feed-in antennas use microwaves with a frequency of 3000 MHz, and the two low-frequency microwave feed-in antennas use microwaves with a frequency of 1000 MHz; the angle between the two high-frequency microwave feed-in antennas and the conveying belt is 45°, and the two high-frequency microwave feed-in antennas use microwaves with a power of 3000 W; the two low-frequency microwave feed-in antennas use microwaves with a power of 1000 W;

[0037] The length of the sugarcane seed cane is 40 cm, and the sugarcane seed cane contains one sugarcane joint;

[0038] (2) The sugarcane seed cane is laid flat on the conveying belt, and then the conveying belt is started to uniformly convey the sugarcane seed cane into the microwave cavity for treatment. The time of the sugarcane seed cane in the microwave cavity is controlled to be 90 s, the treatment temperature of the sugarcane seed cane is controlled to be 55°C, and the microwave irradiation energy density of the sugarcane is controlled to be 1800 J / m 3 ;

[0039] (3) Calcium chloride, sodium chloride and water are mixed to prepare a spraying liquid, and then the sugarcane seed cane treated in step (2) is sprayed. The sprayed sugarcane seed cane is collected, left to stand for 20 min, and then air-dried at 40°C. The water content of the air-dried sugarcane seed cane is controlled to be 40%, and then the sugarcane seed cane is treated under ultraviolet light for 10 min, and then sealed and stored. In the spraying liquid, the mass ratio of calcium chloride, sodium chloride and water is 0.5:1:100. The ultraviolet treatment time is 10 min.

[0040] Comparative Example 1: The method for batch microwave detoxification of sugarcane seed cane using a microwave processing integrated device in the present comparative example is different from the method described in Example 1 only in that in step (1), one high-frequency microwave feed-in antenna is arranged in the microwave cavity, and no low-frequency microwave feed-in antenna is arranged. The high-frequency microwave feed-in antenna is located in the middle of the microwave cavity and directly above the conveying belt.

[0041] Comparative Example 2: The method for batch microwave detoxification of sugarcane seed cane using a microwave processing integrated device in the present comparative example is different from the method described in Example 1 only in that in step (1), one low-frequency microwave feed-in antenna is arranged in the microwave cavity, and no high-frequency microwave feed-in antenna is arranged. The low-frequency microwave feed-in antenna is located in the middle of the microwave cavity and directly above the conveying belt.

[0042] Comparative Example 3: The method for batch microwave detoxification of sugarcane seed stalks using the microwave processing integrated equipment described in this comparative example differs from the method described in Example 1 only in that step (3) is omitted.

[0043] Comparative Example 4: The method for batch microwave detoxification of sugarcane seed stalks using the microwave processing integrated equipment described in this comparative example differs from the method described in Example 1 only in that no spraying of the spraying liquid is used in step (3), and the treatment is directly under ultraviolet light.

[0044] Experimental Example 1: The same batch of sugarcane seed stalks was divided into 9 equal parts, 8 of which were treated according to the methods described in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-4, respectively, and the other part was not treated as a control. The positive rate of pathogenic bacteria (sugarcane mosaic virus, sugarcane yellow leaf virus, sorghum mosaic virus, sugarcane stripe mosaic virus, and sugarcane ratoon stunting disease bacteria) in the sugarcane seed stalks was detected using a PCR detection method, and they were planted to count the germination rate. The specific results are shown in Table 1.

[0045] Table 1 Pathogen carrying conditions of sugarcane seed stalks treated by different methods

[0046]

[0047] From the above data, it can be seen that the pathogen carrying rate of the sugarcane seed stalks obtained by the methods of Examples 1-4 is less than 5%, and has a good germination rate, while the technical effect obtained by simply using high-frequency microwave or low-frequency microwave treatment in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 is significantly poorer, and in Comparative Examples 3 and 4, the spraying liquid described in the present application is not used for treatment, although the pathogen carrying rate is not much different from the method of the present application, but the germination rate is significantly reduced.

[0048] Experimental Example 2: The sugarcane seed stalks were treated according to the method described in Example 1, wherein different combinations of microwave treatment time and microwave treatment temperature were used, as shown in Table 2. The positive rate of pathogenic bacteria (sugarcane mosaic virus, sugarcane yellow leaf virus, sorghum mosaic virus, sugarcane stripe mosaic virus, and sugarcane ratoon stunting disease bacteria) in the sugarcane seed stalks was detected using a PCR detection method, and they were planted to count the germination rate. The specific results are shown in Table 3.

[0049] Table 2 Different combinations of microwave treatment time and microwave treatment temperature

[0050]

[0051] Table 3 Growth conditions of sugarcane seed stalks obtained by different methods

[0052]

[0053] From the above data, it can be seen that only within the microwave treatment time and temperature range defined in the application, good detoxification effect and higher germination rate can be obtained.

[0054] In addition, it should be understood that, although the present specification is described in terms of embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution, and the description of the specification is only for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can be combined appropriately to form other embodiments that those skilled in the art can understand.

Claims

1. A method for batch microwave detoxification of sugarcane seed stalks using an integrated microwave processing equipment, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: (1) A microwave cavity is set in the middle of the transmission belt, and two high-frequency microwave feed antennas and two low-frequency microwave feed antennas are set in the microwave cavity; the two high-frequency microwave feed antennas are located in the middle of the microwave cavity, and one high-frequency microwave feed antenna is set above each side of the transmission belt; the two low-frequency microwave feed antennas are located directly above the transmission belt, and one low-frequency microwave feed antenna is set near the inlet and outlet of the microwave cavity; the two high-frequency microwave feed antennas use microwaves with a frequency of 2000-3000MHz, and the two low-frequency microwave feed antennas use microwaves with a frequency of 800-1000MHz; the angle between the two high-frequency microwave feed antennas and the transmission belt is 35°-45°; the two high-frequency microwave feed antennas use microwaves with a power of 1000-3000W; and the two low-frequency microwave feed antennas use microwaves with a power of 800-1000W. (2) Spread the sugarcane stalks flat on the conveyor belt, then start the conveyor belt to feed the sugarcane stalks into the microwave cavity at a uniform speed for processing. Control the time the sugarcane stalks are in the microwave cavity to be 90-180 s, control the processing temperature of the sugarcane stalks to be 45-55℃, and control the microwave irradiation energy density of the sugarcane to be 1200-1800 J / m³. 3 The sugarcane stalk is 20-40 cm long and contains 1-3 nodes. (3) Prepare a spray solution by mixing calcium chloride, sodium chloride and water, and then spray the sugarcane seed stalks treated in step (2). Collect the sprayed sugarcane seed stalks and let them stand for 10-20 minutes before air drying. Then treat them under ultraviolet light for 10-15 minutes and then seal them for storage. In the spray solution, the mass ratio of calcium chloride, sodium chloride and water is (0.2-0.5):(0.3-1):

100.

2. The method for batch microwave detoxification of sugarcane seed stalks using an integrated microwave processing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultraviolet treatment time in step (3) is 10 to 15 minutes.

3. The method for batch microwave detoxification of sugarcane seed stalks using an integrated microwave processing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the sugarcane stalks are air-dried at 30-40℃.

4. The method for batch microwave detoxification of sugarcane seed stalks using an integrated microwave processing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (3), the moisture content of the air-dried sugarcane seed stalks is controlled at 40-50%.

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