Monitoring and control system and process for the insertion and extraction operations of the jack-up platform's spud can and legs

Abstract

The present invention discloses a monitoring and control system and process for the insertion and extraction operations of the jack-up platform's pile shoe and leg. The monitoring and control system includes a first strain gauge on the leg, a soil pressure gauge and a pore water pressure gauge on the pile shoe, and a liquid level sensor at the bottom of the platform body. The first strain gauge, the soil pressure gauge, the pore water pressure gauge and the liquid level sensor are all communicatively connected to a data acquisition unit, and the data acquisition unit is communicatively connected to a data analysis unit. The data analysis unit is used to calculate the variation of the first tip resistance of the pile shoe with the pile insertion depth and time according to the soil pressure and excess pore water pressure at the location of the pile shoe, and calculate the variation of the penetration resistance with the pile insertion depth and time according to the stress at the bottom of the leg and the first tip resistance of the pile shoe, so as to judge the classification and properties of the soil layer penetrated by the pile shoe and estimate the uplift resistance of the pile shoe. The present invention can monitor and control the insertion and extraction operations of the jack-up platform's pile shoe and leg, and can accurately estimate the uplift resistance of the pile shoe.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of offshore wind power installation platform operation and construction, and particularly relates to a monitoring and control system and process for the insertion and extraction operations of the jack-up platform's pile shoes and legs. Background Art

[0002] The jack-up platform includes a platform body, on the bottom surface of which a plurality of legs are evenly distributed. At the bottom end of each leg, there is a pile shoe, and at the bottom of the pile shoe, there are a plurality of jetting ports. The upper ends of each jetting port are connected through a jetting pipeline, and the jetting pipeline is connected to a jetting water pump.

[0003] In recent years, there have been occasional accidents in the operation of jack-up platforms at home and abroad. In addition to inaccurate estimation of the bearing capacity of the jack-up platform, resulting in puncture failure of a single leg, when pulling out the piles to move the ship, there will also be a situation where the estimated pulling force of the leg is insufficient and the piles cannot be successfully pulled out, resulting in the inability of the jack-up platform to be lifted, the failure of the watertight door to close, and finally seawater flooding, and the loss of the ship's machinery and equipment of the jack-up platform. In addition, for deep soft foundation sea areas, the increase in the penetration depth of the wind power jack-up platform will inevitably increase the construction risk.

[0004] In the wind power industry, the jack-up platform used for wind turbine installation stays at a specific location for a short time and has a high movement frequency. Whether the jack-up platform can perform the insertion and extraction operations safely and quickly is the key to construction. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the insertion and extraction operations of the pile shoes and legs of the jack-up platform. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the defects of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a monitoring and control system and process for the insertion and extraction operations of the jack-up platform's pile shoes and legs, which can monitor and control the insertion and extraction operations of the jack-up platform's pile shoes and legs, and can accurately estimate the uplift resistance of the pile shoes to achieve safe and rapid insertion and extraction operations.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is as follows:

[0007] A monitoring and control system for the insertion and extraction operations of the jack-up platform's pile shoes and legs includes a first strain gauge on the leg, an earth pressure gauge and a pore water pressure gauge on the pile shoe, and a liquid level sensor at the bottom of the platform body. The first strain gauge, the earth pressure gauge, the pore water pressure gauge and the liquid level sensor are all in communication connection with a data acquisition unit, and the data acquisition unit is in communication connection with a data analysis unit;

[0008] The liquid level sensor is used to monitor the change of the jacking-in depth or pulling-out depth of the jack-up platform over time. The first strain gauge is used to monitor the change of the stress at the bottom of the leg with the jacking-in depth and time. The earth pressure gauge is used to monitor the change of the earth pressure at the location of the pile shoe with the jacking-in depth and time. The pore water pressure gauge is used to monitor the change of the excess pore water pressure at the location of the pile shoe with the jacking-in depth and time;

[0009] The data acquisition unit is used to collect the data monitored by the liquid level sensor, the first strain gauge, the earth pressure gauge and the pore water pressure gauge and transmit it to the data analysis unit;

[0010] The data analysis unit is used to calculate the change of the first tip resistance of the pile shoe with the jacking-in depth and time according to the earth pressure and the excess pore water pressure at the location of the pile shoe, and calculate the change of the penetration resistance with the jacking-in depth and time according to the stress at the bottom of the leg and the first tip resistance of the pile shoe, so as to judge the classification and properties of the soil layer penetrated by the pile shoe and estimate the uplift resistance of the pile shoe.

[0011] Further, a second strain gauge on the pile shoe is also included. The second strain gauge is communicatively connected to the data acquisition unit and is used to monitor the change of the second tip resistance of the pile shoe with the jacking-in depth and time. The data acquisition unit is used to collect the data monitored by the second strain gauge and transmit it to the data analysis unit. The data analysis unit is used to correct the first tip resistance and the second tip resistance of the pile shoe, and obtain the change of the corrected tip resistance of the pile shoe with the jacking-in depth and time, and calculate the change of the penetration resistance with the jacking-in depth and time according to the stress at the bottom of the leg and the corrected tip resistance of the pile shoe.

[0012] Further, a flowmeter on the flushing pipeline is also included. The flowmeter is adjacent to the flushing port. The flowmeter is communicatively connected to the data acquisition unit and is used to monitor the water flow in the flushing pipeline adjacent to the flushing port. The data acquisition unit is used to collect the data monitored by the flowmeter and transmit it to the data analysis unit. The data analysis unit is used to judge whether the flushing port is blocked according to the water flow in the flushing pipeline adjacent to the flushing port and evaluate the flushing effect.

[0013] Further, the data analysis unit is also used to judge in advance whether there is a situation where the uplift force of the pile shoe is too large to be pulled out according to the estimated uplift resistance of the pile shoe. If so, the flushing water pump is turned on in advance to carry out flushing and breaking the soil, and the flushing pressure is increased and the flushing time is extended.

[0014] Further, the data analysis unit is also used to correct the theoretical value of the preloading load required for the preloading operation between the jacking-in operation and the wind turbine installation operation according to the classification and properties of the soil layer penetrated by the pile shoe, and determine the actual preloading load according to the corrected theoretical value of the preloading load, where the actual preloading load is greater than or equal to the theoretical value of the preloading load.

[0015] Further, it further includes an early warning unit communicatively connected to the data analysis unit; the data analysis unit is used to judge the completion situation of the preloading operation according to the change of the excess pore water pressure at the position where the pile shoe is located over time. If the excess pore water pressure at the position where the pile shoe is located dissipates and no longer changes over time, the excess pore water pressure reaches an equilibrium state and it is judged that the preloading operation has been completed; the data analysis unit is also used to judge whether there is a risk during the preloading operation according to the change of the earth pressure at the position where the pile shoe is located over time. If the earth pressure at the position where the pile shoe is located shows a rapid downward trend over time, it is judged that there is a risk during the preloading operation and the early warning unit is controlled to give an alarm.

[0016] Further, it further includes an inclination sensor located at the top of the platform body and communicatively connected to the data acquisition unit. The inclination sensor is used to monitor the levelness of the platform body. The data acquisition unit is used to collect the data monitored by the inclination sensor and transmit it to the data analysis unit. The data analysis unit is used to compare the levelness of the platform body with the pre-stored levelness safety limit. If the levelness of the platform body is greater than the levelness safety limit, the early warning unit is controlled to give an alarm.

[0017] Further, there are multiple earth pressure gauges and pore water pressure gauges. A part of the earth pressure gauges and a part of the pore water pressure gauges are distributed on the bottom surface of the pile shoe, and another part of the earth pressure gauges and another part of the pore water pressure gauges are distributed on the top surface of the pile shoe. There are multiple first strain gauges and second strain gauges, and multiple second strain gauges are distributed on the bottom surface of the pile shoe.

[0018] A monitoring and control process for the insertion and extraction operations of the pile shoe and pile leg of a jack-up platform uses the above-mentioned monitoring and control system for the insertion and extraction operations of the pile shoe and pile leg of a jack-up platform, and includes the following steps:

[0019] S1. Platform pile insertion operation:

[0020] The change of the pile insertion depth of the jack-up platform over time is monitored through the liquid level sensor. The stress at the bottom of the pile leg over the pile insertion depth and time is monitored through the first strain gauge. The earth pressure at the position where the pile shoe is located over the pile insertion depth and time is monitored through the earth pressure gauge. The excess pore water pressure at the position where the pile shoe is located over the pile insertion depth and time is monitored through the pore water pressure gauge;

[0021] The data monitored by the liquid level sensor, the first strain gauge, the earth pressure gauge and the pore water pressure gauge are collected through the data acquisition unit and transmitted to the data analysis unit;

[0022] The data analysis unit calculates the variation of the tip resistance of the pile shoe with the penetration depth and time based on the earth pressure and excess pore water pressure at the location of the pile shoe, and calculates the penetration resistance with the penetration depth and time based on the stress at the bottom of the pile leg and the tip resistance of the pile shoe, so as to judge the classification and properties of the soil layer penetrated by the pile shoe and estimate the uplift resistance of the pile shoe;

[0023] S2. Platform uplift operation: The data analysis unit determines in advance whether there is a situation where the uplift force of the pile shoe is too large to be pulled out according to the estimated uplift resistance of the pile shoe. If so, the flushing pump is turned on in advance to perform flushing and breaking of the soil, and the flushing pressure is increased and the flushing time is extended.

[0024] Furthermore,

[0025] Between step S1 and S2, there is also included:

[0026] Platform preloading operation: The data analysis unit corrects the theoretical value of the preloading load required for the preloading operation according to the classification and properties of the soil layer penetrated by the pile shoe, and determines the actual preloading load according to the corrected theoretical value of the preloading load, where the actual preloading load is greater than or equal to the theoretical value of the preloading load. During the platform preloading operation, the data analysis unit judges the completion of the preloading operation according to the variation of the excess pore water pressure with time at the location of the pile shoe. If the excess pore water pressure at the location of the pile shoe dissipates and no longer changes with time, the excess pore water pressure reaches the equilibrium state and it is judged that the preloading operation is completed. The data analysis unit also judges whether there is a risk during the preloading operation according to the variation of the earth pressure with time at the location of the pile shoe. If the earth pressure at the location of the pile shoe shows a rapid downward trend with time, it is judged that there is a risk during the preloading operation and the warning unit is controlled to give an alarm;

[0027] Wind turbine installation operation: The levelness of the platform body is monitored by an inclination sensor, and the data monitored by the inclination sensor is collected by the data acquisition unit and transmitted to the data analysis unit. The data analysis unit compares the levelness of the platform body with the pre-stored levelness safety limit value. If the levelness of the platform body is greater than the levelness safety limit value, the warning unit is controlled to give an alarm;

[0028] Step S2 also includes: monitoring the variation of the negative excess pore water pressure at the location of the pile shoe with the pile pulling depth and time through the pore water pressure gauge. The data analysis unit analyzes the adsorption force during the pile shoe uplift process according to the variation of the negative excess pore water pressure at the location of the pile shoe, and further analyzes the uplift resistance during the pile shoe uplift process, and adjusts the uplift force in a timely manner according to the analyzed uplift resistance of the pile shoe and the estimated uplift resistance of the pile shoe.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0030] In the present invention, during the pile insertion operation of the platform, the change of the pile insertion depth of the jack-up platform over time is monitored by a liquid level sensor, the stress at the bottom of the leg is monitored by a first strain gauge for its change with the pile insertion depth and time, the soil pressure at the position where the pile shoe is located is monitored by a soil pressure gauge for its change with the pile insertion depth and time, the excess pore water pressure at the position where the pile shoe is located is monitored by a pore water pressure gauge for its change with the pile insertion depth and time, the data monitored by the liquid level sensor, the first strain gauge, the soil pressure gauge and the pore water pressure gauge are collected by a data acquisition unit and transmitted to a data analysis unit. The data analysis unit calculates the change of the first tip resistance of the pile shoe with the pile insertion depth and time according to the soil pressure and the excess pore water pressure at the position where the pile shoe is located, and calculates the change of the penetration resistance with the pile insertion depth and time according to the stress at the bottom of the leg and the first tip resistance of the pile shoe, so as to judge the classification and properties of the soil layer penetrated by the pile shoe and estimate the uplift resistance of the pile shoe. According to the estimated uplift resistance of the pile shoe, it is judged in advance whether there is a situation where the uplift force of the pile shoe is too large to be pulled out. If so, the flushing pump is turned on in advance to carry out flushing and breaking the soil, and the flushing pressure is increased and the flushing time is extended; Therefore, the insertion and extraction operations of the pile shoe and the legs of the jack-up platform can be monitored and controlled, and the uplift resistance of the pile shoe can be accurately estimated to achieve safe and rapid insertion and extraction operations. Description of the Drawings

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the soil pressure gauge, the pore water pressure gauge and the second strain gauge on the bottom surface of the pile shoe;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the soil pressure gauge and the pore water pressure gauge on the top surface of the pile shoe;

[0033] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the flushing port on the pile shoe and the flow meter adjacent to the flushing port;

[0034] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the typical penetration resistance curve of the pile shoe in multi-layer geology;

[0035] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the curves of the pore water pressure, the uplift force and the ratio of the adsorption force to the pulling force changing with time during the uplift process of the pile shoe;

[0036] Figure 6 It is the control principle diagram of the present invention.

[0037] Explanation of the reference numerals in the drawings: 1. Pile shoe, 2. Soil pressure gauge, 3. Pore water pressure gauge, 4. Second strain gauge, 5. Leg, 6. Flushing port, 7. Flow meter. Embodiment

[0038] The following further elaborates on the specific implementation manners of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. These implementation manners are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0039] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus cannot be construed as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0040] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installation", "connection", and "coupling" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0041] In addition, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise stated, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more.

[0042] A plugging and unplugging operation monitoring and control system for a jack-up platform's pile shoe and leg includes a first strain gauge on the leg 5, an earth pressure gauge 2 and a pore water pressure gauge 3 on the pile shoe 1, as shown in Figure 1-2 , and a liquid level sensor at the bottom of the platform body. The first strain gauge, the earth pressure gauge 2, the pore water pressure gauge 3 and the liquid level sensor are all communicatively connected to a data acquisition unit, and the data acquisition unit is communicatively connected to a data analysis unit, as shown in Figure 6 ; where the data analysis unit is a computer host.

[0043] The liquid level sensor is used to monitor the change of the jack-up platform's pile driving depth or pile pulling depth over time. The first strain gauge is used to monitor the change of the stress at the bottom of the leg 5 with the pile driving depth and time. The earth pressure gauge 2 is used to monitor the change of the earth pressure at the location of the pile shoe 1 with the pile driving depth and time. The pore water pressure gauge 3 is used to monitor the change of the excess pore water pressure at the location of the pile shoe 1 with the pile driving depth and time;

[0044] The data acquisition unit is used to collect the data monitored by the liquid level sensor, the first strain gauge, the earth pressure gauge 2 and the pore water pressure gauge 3 and transmit it to the data analysis unit;

[0045] The data analysis unit is used to calculate the variation of the first tip resistance of the pile shoe 1 with the pile driving depth and time according to the earth pressure and excess pore water pressure at the location of the pile shoe 1, and calculate the penetration resistance with the pile driving depth and time according to the stress at the bottom of the leg 5 and the first tip resistance of the pile shoe 1, so as to judge the classification and properties of the soil layer penetrated by the pile shoe 1 and estimate the uplift resistance of the pile shoe 1.

[0046] In this way, through the plugging and unplugging operation monitoring and control system of the jack-up platform pile shoe and leg of the present invention, the plugging and unplugging operations of the jack-up platform pile shoe 1 and leg 5 can be monitored and controlled, and the uplift resistance of the pile shoe 1 can be estimated to achieve safe and rapid plugging and unplugging operations.

[0047] In one embodiment, the plugging and unplugging operation monitoring and control system of the jack-up platform pile shoe and leg further includes a second strain gauge 4 on the pile shoe 1. The second strain gauge 4 is communicatively connected to the data acquisition unit and is used to monitor the variation of the second tip resistance of the pile shoe 1 with the pile driving depth and time. The data acquisition unit is used to collect the data monitored by the second strain gauge 4 and transmit it to the data analysis unit. The data analysis unit is used to correct the first tip resistance and the second tip resistance of the pile shoe 1, obtain the variation of the corrected tip resistance of the pile shoe 1 with the pile driving depth and time, and calculate the penetration resistance with the pile driving depth and time according to the stress at the bottom of the leg 5 and the corrected tip resistance of the pile shoe 1. In this way, the calculation accuracy of the tip resistance of the pile shoe 1 can be improved, and then the calculation accuracy of the penetration resistance of the jack-up platform can be improved, so as to more accurately judge the classification and properties of the soil layer penetrated by the pile shoe 1 and more accurately estimate the uplift resistance of the pile shoe 1.

[0048] In one embodiment, the plugging and unplugging operation monitoring and control system of the jack-up platform pile shoe and leg further includes a flow meter 7 on the flushing pipeline. The flow meter 7 is adjacent to the flushing port 6, as shown in Figure 3 ., the flow meter 7 is communicatively connected to the data acquisition unit and is used to monitor the water flow in the flushing pipeline adjacent to the flushing port 6. The data acquisition unit is used to collect the data monitored by the flow meter 7 and transmit it to the data analysis unit. The data analysis unit is used to judge whether the flushing port 6 is blocked according to the water flow in the flushing pipeline adjacent to the flushing port 6 and effectively evaluate the flushing effect.

[0049] In one embodiment, the data analysis unit is further used to judge in advance whether there is a situation where the uplift force of the pile shoe 1 is too large to be pulled out according to the estimated uplift resistance of the pile shoe 1. If so, the flushing water pump is turned on in advance to carry out flushing and breaking the soil, and the flushing pressure is increased and the flushing time is extended to facilitate the successful pulling out of the pile shoe 1.

[0050] In one embodiment, the data analysis unit is further configured to correct the theoretical value of the preloading load required for the preloading operation between the pile insertion operation and the wind turbine installation operation according to the classification and properties of the soil layer penetrated by the pile shoe 1, and determine the actual preloading load according to the corrected theoretical value of the preloading load, where the actual preloading load is greater than or equal to the theoretical value of the preloading load, so as to prevent risks such as piercing, subsidence, and inclination of the jack-up platform when performing the wind turbine installation operation on the top surface of the platform body.

[0051] In one embodiment, the monitoring and control system for the insertion and extraction operations of the pile shoes and legs of the jack-up platform further includes an early warning unit communicatively connected to the data analysis unit; the data analysis unit is configured to judge the completion of the preloading operation according to the change of the excess pore water pressure at the location of the pile shoe 1 over time. If the excess pore water pressure at the location of the pile shoe 1 dissipates and no longer changes over time, the excess pore water pressure reaches an equilibrium state and it is judged that the preloading operation has been completed; the data analysis unit is further configured to judge whether there are risks during the preloading operation according to the change of the soil pressure at the location of the pile shoe 1 over time or the change of the stress at the bottom of the pile leg 5 over time. If the soil pressure at the location of the pile shoe 1 shows a rapid downward trend over time, or the stress at the bottom of the pile leg 5 shows a rapid downward trend over time, it is judged that there are risks during the preloading operation and the early warning unit is controlled to give an alarm. In this way, the staff can judge that scouring occurs around the pile shoe 1 or the pile leg 5 according to the alarm information, so as to timely reduce the preloading load of the pile leg 5 and prevent the risk of subsidence of the pile leg 5, ensuring construction safety.

[0052] In one embodiment, the monitoring and control system for the insertion and extraction operations of the pile shoes and legs of the jack-up platform further includes an inclination sensor located at the top of the platform body and communicatively connected to the data acquisition unit. The inclination sensor is used to monitor the levelness of the platform body. The data acquisition unit is configured to collect the data monitored by the inclination sensor and transmit it to the data analysis unit. The data analysis unit is configured to compare the levelness of the platform body with the pre-stored levelness safety limit. If the levelness of the platform body is greater than the levelness safety limit, the early warning unit is controlled to give an alarm.

[0053] In one embodiment, there are multiple earth pressure gauges 2 and multiple pore water pressure gauges 3. A part of the earth pressure gauges 2 and a part of the pore water pressure gauges 3 are distributed on the bottom surface of the pile shoe 1, and another part of the earth pressure gauges 2 and another part of the pore water pressure gauges 3 are distributed on the top surface of the pile shoe 1. There are multiple first strain gauges and multiple second strain gauges 4, and multiple second strain gauges 4 are distributed on the bottom surface of the pile shoe 1.

[0054] A monitoring and control process for the insertion and extraction operations of the pile shoes and legs of a jack-up platform, which is monitored and controlled by using the above-mentioned monitoring and control system for the insertion and extraction operations of the pile shoes and legs of the jack-up platform, includes the following steps:

[0055] S1. Platform pile insertion operation:

[0056] The change of the penetration depth of the jack-up platform with time is monitored by a liquid level sensor. The stress at the bottom of the leg 5 is monitored by a first strain gauge with respect to the penetration depth and time. The earth pressure at the location of the pile shoe 1 is monitored by an earth pressure gauge 2 with respect to the penetration depth and time. The excess pore water pressure at the location of the pile shoe 1 is monitored by a pore water pressure gauge 3 with respect to the penetration depth and time. The end bearing resistance of the second end of the pile shoe 1 is monitored by a second strain gauge 4 with respect to the penetration depth and time;

[0057] The data acquisition unit collects the data monitored by the liquid level sensor, the first strain gauge, the earth pressure gauge 2, the pore water pressure gauge 3 and the second strain gauge 4 and transmits it to the data analysis unit;

[0058] The data analysis unit calculates the change of the end bearing resistance of the first end of the pile shoe 1 with respect to the penetration depth and time according to the earth pressure and the excess pore water pressure at the location of the pile shoe 1, and corrects the end bearing resistance of the first end and the second end of the pile shoe 1 to obtain the change of the corrected end bearing resistance of the pile shoe 1 with respect to the penetration depth and time. And the penetration resistance is calculated according to the stress at the bottom of the leg 5 and the corrected end bearing resistance of the pile shoe 1 with respect to the penetration depth and time, so as to judge the classification and properties of the soil layer penetrated by the pile shoe 1 and estimate the uplift resistance of the pile shoe 1;

[0059] S2. Platform preloading operation: The data analysis unit corrects the theoretical value of the preloading load required for the preloading operation according to the classification and properties of the soil layer penetrated by the pile shoe 1, and determines the actual preloading load according to the corrected theoretical value of the preloading load, where the actual preloading load is greater than or equal to the theoretical value of the preloading load. During the platform preloading operation, the data analysis unit judges the completion of the preloading operation according to the change of the excess pore water pressure at the location of the pile shoe 1 with time. If the excess pore water pressure at the location of the pile shoe 1 dissipates and no longer changes with time, the excess pore water pressure reaches an equilibrium state and it is judged that the preloading operation is completed. The data analysis unit also judges whether there is a risk during the preloading operation according to the change of the earth pressure at the location of the pile shoe 1 with time or the change of the stress at the bottom of the leg 5 with time. If the earth pressure at the location of the pile shoe 1 shows a rapid downward trend with time, or the stress at the bottom of the leg 5 shows a rapid downward trend with time, it is judged that there is a risk during the preloading operation and the warning unit is controlled to give an alarm; In addition, during the platform preloading operation, if it is monitored by the liquid level sensor that the penetration depth of the jack-up platform is continuously increasing with time, it means that the pile shoe 1 is not stable, then the data analysis unit controls the warning unit to give an alarm to remind the staff to stop the preloading operation and pull out the pile and move the position;

[0060] S3, wind turbine installation operation: monitor the levelness of the platform body through the inclination sensor, collect the data monitored by the inclination sensor through the data acquisition unit and transmit it to the data analysis unit, the data analysis unit compares the levelness of the platform body with the pre-stored levelness safety limit, if the levelness of the platform body is greater than the levelness safety limit, the control warning unit will issue an alarm;

[0061] S4. Pulling operation on the platform: the data analysis unit determines in advance whether the pull-out force of the pile shoe 1 is too large to be pulled out according to the estimated pull-out resistance of the pile shoe 1. If so, the pile driving water pump is turned on in advance to implement pile driving and soil breaking, and the flushing pressure is increased and the flushing time is extended; and the pore water pressure gauge 3 is used to monitor the change of the excess negative pore water pressure at the location of the pile shoe 1 with the pile pulling depth and time. The data analysis unit analyzes the adsorption force of the pile shoe 1 during the pulling-out process according to the change of the excess negative pore water pressure at the location of the pile shoe 1, and then analyzes the pull-out resistance of the pile shoe 1 during the pulling-out process, and adjusts the pull-out force in time according to the analyzed pull-out resistance of the pile shoe 1 and the estimated pull-out resistance of the pile shoe 1.

[0062] When the pile shoe 1 is penetrated into multiple soil layers with different combinations of "hard-soft-hard" and "soft-hard-soft", the evolution process of soil failure mode is different, and the corresponding penetration resistance curve is also completely different, see Figure 4 , considering the influence of different soil layer failure modes, the positions of several characteristic points on the resistance curve of each soil layer during the pull-out process and the subsequent resistance development trend are estimated. Figure 4 The soil layer of curve A is a uniform soil layer, the soil layer of curve B is a "hard-soft-hard" soil layer, and the soil layer of curve C is a "soft-hard-soft" soil layer.

[0063] The curve of pore water pressure variation with time is divided into three stages: penetration, preloading and pulling out. In the penetration stage, the excess pore water pressure continues to increase. Due to the drainage of the surface of pile shoe 1, its value is slightly lower than the pressurized load. In the preloading stage, the excess pore water pressure depends on the preloading speed. When the preloading load is loaded steadily, the excess pore water pressure will not change significantly. In the pulling out stage, when the pile leg 5 is pulled out, an excess negative pore water pressure will be generated at the bottom of pile shoe 1. The excess negative pore water pressure will continue to develop until the bottom of pile shoe 1 is separated from the contact surface of the soil layer. When the excess negative pore water pressure at the bottom of pile shoe 1 reaches a peak value, the adsorption force and the pulling out force at the bottom of pile shoe 1 reach a peak value almost at the same time. The absolute value of the excess negative pore water pressure at the bottom of pile shoe 1 can be reduced by adjusting the flushing flow rate to reduce the pulling out force. The changes of pore water pressure, pulling out force and the ratio of adsorption force to pulling out force at the bottom of pile shoe 1 during the pulling out process with time are shown in Fig. Figure 5, during the up-pulling stage of the pile shoe 1, the excess pore water pressure increases with the increase of the up-pulling displacement, and the adsorption force also increases accordingly. As the absolute value of the excess pore water pressure rises to the maximum value, the adsorption force also reaches the peak value. When the bottom of the pile shoe 1 detaches from the soil layer, the excess pore water pressure at the bottom of the pile shoe 1 dissipates, and the pore water pressure returns to the hydrostatic pressure.

[0064] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, several improvements and substitutions can be made, and these improvements and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A monitoring and control system for the insertion and extraction operations of the jack-up platform's spud can and leg, characterized in that: It includes a first strain gauge at the bottom of the leg (5), an earth pressure gauge (2) and a pore water pressure gauge (3) on the jacking shoe (1), and a liquid level sensor at the bottom of the platform body. The first strain gauge, the earth pressure gauge (2), the pore water pressure gauge (3) and the liquid level sensor are all communicatively connected to a data acquisition unit, and the data acquisition unit is communicatively connected to a data analysis unit; The liquid level sensor is used to monitor the change of the jacking-in depth or jacking-out depth of the jack-up platform over time. The first strain gauge is used to monitor the change of the stress at the bottom of the leg (5) with the jacking-in depth and time. The earth pressure gauge (2) is used to monitor the change of the earth pressure at the location of the jacking shoe (1) with the jacking-in depth and time. The pore water pressure gauge (3) is used to monitor the change of the excess pore water pressure at the location of the jacking shoe (1) with the jacking-in depth and time; The data acquisition unit is used to collect the data monitored by the liquid level sensor, the first strain gauge, the earth pressure gauge (2) and the pore water pressure gauge (3) and transmit it to the data analysis unit; The data analysis unit is used to calculate the change of the first tip resistance of the jacking shoe (1) with the jacking-in depth and time according to the earth pressure and the excess pore water pressure at the location of the jacking shoe (1), and calculate the change of the penetration resistance with the jacking-in depth and time according to the stress at the bottom of the leg (5) and the first tip resistance of the jacking shoe (1), so as to judge the classification and properties of the penetration of the jacking shoe (1) into the soil layer and estimate the uplift resistance of the jacking shoe (1).

2. The plugging and unplugging operation monitoring and control system for the jack-up platform's leg and spud can according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a second strain gauge (4) on the jacking shoe (1). The second strain gauge (4) is communicatively connected to the data acquisition unit and is used to monitor the change of the second tip resistance of the jacking shoe (1) with the jacking-in depth and time. The data acquisition unit is used to collect the data monitored by the second strain gauge (4) and transmit it to the data analysis unit. The data analysis unit is used to correct the first tip resistance and the second tip resistance of the jacking shoe (1), and obtain the change of the corrected tip resistance of the jacking shoe (1) with the jacking-in depth and time, and calculate the change of the penetration resistance with the jacking-in depth and time according to the stress at the bottom of the leg (5) and the corrected tip resistance of the jacking shoe (1).

3. The plugging and unplugging operation monitoring and control system for the jack-up platform leg and spud can according to claim 1, wherein: It also includes a flowmeter (7) on the flushing pipeline. The flowmeter (7) is adjacent to the flushing port (6). The flowmeter (7) is communicatively connected to the data acquisition unit and is used to monitor the water flow in the flushing pipeline adjacent to the flushing port (6). The data acquisition unit is used to collect the data monitored by the flowmeter (7) and transmit it to the data analysis unit. The data analysis unit is used to judge whether the flushing port (6) is blocked according to the water flow in the flushing pipeline adjacent to the flushing port (6) and evaluate the flushing effect.

4. The plugging and unplugging operation monitoring and control system for the jack-up platform leg and spud can according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data analysis unit is also used to judge in advance whether there is a situation where the uplift force of the jacking shoe (1) is too large to be pulled out according to the estimated uplift resistance of the jacking shoe (1). If so, the flushing water pump is turned on in advance to carry out flushing and breaking of the soil, and the flushing pressure is increased and the flushing time is extended.

5. The plugging and unplugging operation monitoring and control system for the jack-up platform's leg and spud can according to claim 4, characterized in that: The data analysis unit is further configured to correct the theoretical value of the preloading load required for the preloading operation between the pile insertion operation and the wind turbine installation operation according to the classification and properties of the soil layer penetrated by the pile shoe (1), and determine the actual preloading load according to the corrected theoretical value of the preloading load, wherein the actual preloading load is greater than or equal to the theoretical value of the preloading load.

6. The plugging and unplugging operation monitoring and control system for the jack-up platform leg and spud can according to claim 1, characterized in that: It further includes an early warning unit communicatively connected to the data analysis unit; the data analysis unit is configured to judge the completion of the preloading operation according to the change of the excess pore water pressure at the position where the pile shoe (1) is located over time. If the excess pore water pressure at the position where the pile shoe (1) is located dissipates and no longer changes over time, the excess pore water pressure reaches an equilibrium state and it is judged that the preloading operation has been completed; the data analysis unit is further configured to judge whether there is a risk during the preloading operation according to the change of the earth pressure at the position where the pile shoe (1) is located over time. If the earth pressure at the position where the pile shoe (1) is located shows a rapid downward trend over time, it is judged that there is a risk during the preloading operation and the early warning unit is controlled to give an alarm.

7. The plugging and unplugging operation monitoring and control system for the jack-up platform's leg and spud can, according to claim 6, is characterized in that: It further includes an inclination sensor located at the top of the platform body and communicatively connected to the data acquisition unit. The inclination sensor is configured to monitor the levelness of the platform body. The data acquisition unit is configured to collect the data monitored by the inclination sensor and transmit it to the data analysis unit. The data analysis unit is configured to compare the levelness of the platform body with the pre-stored levelness safety limit. If the levelness of the platform body is greater than the levelness safety limit, the early warning unit is controlled to give an alarm.

8. The plugging and unplugging operation monitoring and control system for the jack-up platform's leg and spud can according to claim 2, wherein: A plurality of the earth pressure gauges (2) and the pore water pressure gauges (3) are provided. A part of the earth pressure gauges (2) and a part of the pore water pressure gauges (3) are distributed on the bottom surface of the pile shoe (1), and another part of the earth pressure gauges (2) and another part of the pore water pressure gauges (3) are distributed on the top surface of the pile shoe (1). A plurality of the first strain gauges and the second strain gauges (4) are provided, and a plurality of the second strain gauges (4) are distributed on the bottom surface of the pile shoe (1).

9. A monitoring and control process for the insertion and extraction operations of the jack-up platform's spud can and leg uses the monitoring and control system for the insertion and extraction operations of the jack-up platform's spud can and leg as described in any one of claims 1-8 for monitoring and control, characterized in that It includes the following steps: S1. Platform pile insertion operation: Monitoring the change of the pile insertion depth of the jack-up platform over time through the liquid level sensor, monitoring the change of the stress at the bottom of the pile leg (5) over the pile insertion depth and time through the first strain gauge, monitoring the change of the earth pressure at the position where the pile shoe (1) is located over the pile insertion depth and time through the earth pressure gauge (2), and monitoring the change of the excess pore water pressure at the position where the pile shoe (1) is located over the pile insertion depth and time through the pore water pressure gauge (3); Collecting the data monitored by the liquid level sensor, the first strain gauge, the earth pressure gauge (2) and the pore water pressure gauge (3) through the data acquisition unit and transmitting it to the data analysis unit; The data analysis unit calculates the change of the tip resistance of the pile shoe (1) over the pile insertion depth and time according to the earth pressure and the excess pore water pressure at the position where the pile shoe (1) is located, and calculates the change of the penetration resistance over the pile insertion depth and time according to the stress at the bottom of the pile leg (5) and the tip resistance of the pile shoe (1), so as to judge the classification and properties of the soil layer penetrated by the pile shoe (1) and estimate the uplift resistance of the pile shoe (1). S2. Jacking-up operation on the platform: According to the estimated jacking resistance of the pile shoe (1), the data analysis unit determines in advance whether there is a situation where the jacking force of the pile shoe (1) is too large to be pulled out. If so, the flushing pump is turned on in advance to carry out flushing and breaking of the soil, and the flushing pressure is increased and the flushing time is extended.

10. The plugging and unplugging operation monitoring and control process for a self-elevating platform pile shoe and pile leg according to claim 9, characterized in that Between step S1 and S2, it further includes: Platform preloading operation: The data analysis unit corrects the theoretical value of the preloading load required for the preloading operation according to the classification and properties of the soil layer penetrated by the pile shoe (1), and determines the actual preloading load according to the corrected theoretical value of the preloading load, where the actual preloading load is greater than or equal to the theoretical value of the preloading load. During the platform preloading operation, the data analysis unit determines the completion status of the preloading operation according to the change of the excess pore water pressure at the location of the pile shoe (1) over time. If the excess pore water pressure at the location of the pile shoe (1) dissipates and no longer changes over time, the excess pore water pressure reaches an equilibrium state and it is determined that the preloading operation is completed. The data analysis unit also determines whether there is a risk during the preloading operation according to the change of the earth pressure at the location of the pile shoe (1) over time. If the earth pressure at the location of the pile shoe (1) shows a rapid downward trend over time, it is determined that there is a risk during the preloading operation and the warning unit is controlled to give an alarm; Wind turbine installation operation: The levelness of the platform body is monitored by an inclination sensor, and the data collected by the inclination sensor is collected by the data acquisition unit and transmitted to the data analysis unit. The data analysis unit compares the levelness of the platform body with the pre-stored levelness safety limit value. If the levelness of the platform body is greater than the levelness safety limit value, the warning unit is controlled to give an alarm; Step S2 further includes: Monitoring the change of the excess negative pore water pressure at the location of the pile shoe (1) with the pile pulling depth and time through the pore water pressure gauge (3). The data analysis unit analyzes the adsorption force during the jacking process of the pile shoe (1) according to the change of the excess negative pore water pressure at the location of the pile shoe (1), and then analyzes the jacking resistance during the jacking process of the pile shoe (1), and adjusts the jacking force in a timely manner according to the analyzed jacking resistance of the pile shoe (1) and the estimated jacking resistance of the pile shoe (1).

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