Self-heat control temperature type train axle

Abstract

The application discloses a self-heat-dissipation temperature control type train axle, and relates to the technical field of train parts, which comprises an axle and a self-heat-dissipation temperature control assembly formed by pure machinery, and can automatically perform heat-dissipation temperature control treatment on the axle. The self-heat-dissipation temperature control assembly formed by pure machinery is arranged on the axle, airflow can enter a plurality of through holes arranged on the axle through an air inlet when the train is running at a high speed, and is finally discharged from an exhaust pipe, so that the inside of the axle can be heat-dissipated; in cooperation with the airflow for heat-dissipating the outside of the axle when the train is running at a high speed, the inside and outside of the axle can be simultaneously heat-dissipated, the temperature of the axle can be greatly reduced, and the self-heat-dissipation temperature control type train axle has the advantages of simple structure, reliable performance and high safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of train component technology, and in particular to a self-heating and temperature-controlled train axle. Background Technology

[0002] A train axle is the shaft that connects the wheels; it is a crucial component of a train. Train axles are typically made of strong metal materials, such as steel or cast iron. The main function of the axle is to bear the weight and forces of the vehicle, allowing the wheels to rotate and remain on the track. Each train usually has two axles forming a bogie, with two wheels on each axle, for a total of four wheels. This design helps to balance the weight on the axles, providing stability and smooth operation for the train.

[0003] High-speed trains often experience fatigue and damage to their axle metal due to excessively high temperatures during operation, leading to axle breakage and, in severe cases, major train derailments. To address this, our company has designed a high-speed train carriage axle (patent number CN112519490B), which utilizes a temperature control component (including a cooling semiconductor refrigeration device, a heating semiconductor refrigeration device, and a temperature sensor) and an electric airbag to control the axle temperature. However, this design employs excessive electrical equipment, resulting in low reliability, complicated maintenance (due to the complex circuitry), and low safety (leakage from electrical equipment can cause electro-corrosion of the axle, significantly reducing its lifespan). Therefore, this application provides a self-heating temperature-controlled train axle to meet these requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a self-heating and temperature-controlled train axle to solve the technical problems of low reliability, troublesome maintenance, and low safety caused by the use of electrical equipment to control the temperature of the axle in existing trains.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: a self-heating and temperature-controlled train axle, comprising an axle and a self-heating and temperature-controlled component made of pure machinery, which automatically performs heat dissipation and temperature control on the axle.

[0006] Preferably, the self-heating temperature control component includes multiple evenly distributed through holes penetrating the axle, and an air inlet pipe and an exhaust pipe rotatably mounted via sealed bearings. The air inlet end of the air inlet pipe is aligned with the direction of travel of the train, and the air outlet end of the exhaust pipe faces away from the direction of travel of the train. The multiple through holes communicate with the inner cavities of the air inlet pipe and the exhaust pipe. Mounting plates are provided on both the exhaust pipe and the air inlet pipe, and the mounting plates are installed and connected to the train bogie.

[0007] Preferably, it also includes an auxiliary heat dissipation unit. When the train is running, the rotation of the axle drives the auxiliary heat dissipation unit to move, which can accelerate the airflow into the air intake pipe and move along the through hole, and finally be discharged from the exhaust pipe.

[0008] Preferably, the auxiliary heat dissipation unit includes a multi-blade impeller, a connector, and an exhaust shroud mounted on the exhaust pipe. The multi-blade impeller is located inside the exhaust shroud. An air inlet is provided at the left end of the multi-blade impeller, and the air inlet is opposite to the through hole. The right end of the axle is fixedly connected to the left end of the multi-blade impeller through the connector. When the axle rotates, the multi-blade impeller can be driven to rotate through the connector.

[0009] Preferably, it also includes a sealing unit that automatically seals the air inlet of the air intake pipe and the exhaust outlet of the exhaust pipe when the axle temperature is low.

[0010] Preferably, the sealing unit includes a hollow tube passing through a through hole on the axle and a plugging assembly installed in the inner cavities of the intake pipe and the exhaust pipe respectively. The through hole is located at the center of the axle. The outer diameter of the hollow tube is smaller than the diameter of the through hole. The right end of the hollow tube passes through the multi-blade impeller, the exhaust hood, and the exhaust pipe in sequence, and extends into the inner cavity of the exhaust pipe. The right end of the hollow tube is fixedly connected to the exhaust hood, and the left end of the hollow tube is fixed in the inner cavity of the intake pipe by a support frame.

[0011] Both of the aforementioned plugging components include a drive gear rod that is slidably disposed at one end in the inner cavity of the hollow tube. The drive gear rod is meshed with the driven gear rod through a rotatable transmission gear. The driven gear rod is fixed to the plugging head, and both plugging heads are slidably connected to the intake pipe and the exhaust pipe respectively through a slider provided on their outer wall.

[0012] The hollow tube is filled with a low-boiling-point liquid.

[0013] Preferably, it also includes a disconnection unit. When the sealing unit automatically seals the air inlet of the air inlet pipe and the exhaust outlet of the exhaust pipe, the disconnection unit causes the connection between the axle and the multi-blade impeller to be automatically disconnected, and the rotation of the axle can no longer drive the multi-blade impeller to rotate.

[0014] Preferably, the disengagement unit includes an L-shaped branch pipe located in the inner cavity of the exhaust hood and communicating with the inner cavity of the hollow tube, and a drive rod is slidably and sealed in the inner cavity of the L-shaped branch pipe;

[0015] A mounting cylinder is fixed at the right end of the multi-blade impeller. A through hole with a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the hollow tube is provided at the center of the mounting cylinder. The mounting cylinder is located in the movable cavity provided in the inner cavity of the exhaust hood. A bearing is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the mounting cylinder, and the bearing is rotatably connected to the exhaust hood through the bearing. The bearing is slidably connected to the exhaust hood through a slider two provided on its outer wall.

[0016] The outer end of the drive rod is fixedly connected to the second slider.

[0017] The connector includes a first toothed ring fixedly mounted on the right end of the axle and a second toothed ring mounted on the left end face of the multi-bladed impeller.

[0018] Preferably, both the air inlet of the air intake pipe and the air outlet of the exhaust pipe are provided with filter pipes, and the inner cavity of the filter pipe is inclined with a filter screen.

[0019] In summary, the technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows:

[0020] The present invention has a reasonable structure. The axle is equipped with a self-heating and temperature control component made of pure machinery. When the train is running at high speed, the airflow will enter the multiple through holes on the axle through the air inlet and finally be discharged from the exhaust pipe. This can dissipate heat from the inside of the axle. Combined with the airflow dissipating heat from the outside of the axle when the train is running at high speed, the axle can be cooled from both inside and outside at the same time, which can greatly reduce the temperature of the axle. Moreover, the structure is simple, the performance is reliable, and the safety is high.

[0021] In this invention, an auxiliary heat dissipation unit is provided, which uses the rotating axle of the train when it is running at high speed to provide power, thereby accelerating the airflow from the air intake pipe into the axle, increasing the flow speed of the airflow inside the axle, and improving the heat dissipation effect inside the axle.

[0022] In this invention, a sealing unit is provided to automatically seal the air inlet of the air inlet pipe and the exhaust outlet of the exhaust pipe when the axle temperature is low. The purpose is to prevent humid air from entering the through hole of the axle, avoid corrosion and rust on the inner surface of the through hole, which would reduce the structural strength of the axle and improve its service life.

[0023] In this invention, a disconnection unit is provided so that when the axle is at a low temperature, the connection between the axle and the multi-blade impeller is disconnected. The purpose is to relieve the axle from doing work on the multi-blade impeller, reduce the energy loss of the rotating axle, and allow the train to travel further. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the invention's partially disassembled and enlarged structure;

[0027] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the left side of the central exhaust hood;

[0028] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the front cross-sectional structure of the three exhaust hoods;

[0029] Figure 5 for Figure 1 A top-view cross-sectional view of the central exhaust pipe;

[0030] Figure 6 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the top cross-sectional structure of the central air intake pipe;

[0031] Figure 7 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the side cross-sectional structure of the middle filter tube;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting structure between the mounting plate and the train bogie.

[0033] In the diagram: 1. Axle; 2. Intake pipe; 3. Exhaust hood; 4. Exhaust pipe; 5. Mounting plate; 6. Sealed bearing; 7. Through hole; 8. Connector; 81. Second gear ring; 82. Second gear ring; 9. Sealing unit; 91. Hollow tube; 92. L-shaped branch pipe; 93. Slider II; 94. Drive rod; 95. Drive rack; 96. Transmission gear; 97. Plug head; 98. Driven gear column; 99. Slider I; 10. Multi-blade impeller; 11. Bearing; 12. Air inlet; 13. Support frame; 14. Mounting cylinder; 15. Movable cavity; 16. Filter screen; 17. Filter tube; 18. Circular stop; 19. Positioning rod. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Example: Reference Figure 1 The diagram shows a self-heating and temperature-controlled train axle, which includes an axle 1 and a self-heating and temperature-controlled component made of pure machinery, which automatically heats and controls the temperature of the axle 1.

[0036] As a preferred embodiment of this example, Figure 2 As shown, the self-heating temperature control component includes multiple evenly distributed through holes 7 passing through the axle 1, and an air inlet pipe 2 and an exhaust pipe 4 rotatably mounted on them via sealed bearings 6. The air inlet end of the air inlet pipe 2 is in the same direction as the train's travel, and the air outlet end of the exhaust pipe 4 is opposite to the train's travel direction. The multiple through holes 7 communicate with the inner cavities of the air inlet pipe 2 and the exhaust pipe 4. Both the exhaust pipe 4 and the air inlet pipe 2 are provided with mounting plates 5, and the mounting plates 5 are installed and connected to the train bogie.

[0037] When the train is traveling at high speed, the air intake of the air intake pipe 2 is aligned with the direction of the train's travel. This allows airflow to enter the multiple through holes 7 on the axle 1 through the air intake and eventually exit from the exhaust pipe 4. This process dissipates heat from the inside of the axle 1. Combined with the airflow dissipating heat from the outside of the axle 1 during high-speed travel, this process achieves simultaneous internal and external heat dissipation, significantly reducing the temperature of the axle 1. Furthermore, the design is simple, reliable, and highly safe, effectively preventing traffic accidents. As the train speed increases, the temperature of the axle 1 will rise, increasing the amount of gas entering the through holes 7 of the axle 1 through the air intake pipe 2 per unit time, automatically enhancing the heat dissipation effect on the inside of the axle 1.

[0038] It is important to note that: First, the air inlet of intake pipe 2 faces the direction of the train's travel, maximizing air intake during high-speed travel. Exhaust pipe 4 is parallel to intake pipe 2, but its exhaust outlet faces the opposite direction to the intake outlet of intake pipe 2, facilitating rapid exhaust. Second, axle 1 is movably connected to the train bogie. When the bogie uses its shock-absorbing springs for vibration damping, the side beams of the bogie will undergo vertical displacement relative to axle 1. Therefore, a rectangular mounting opening is provided on mounting plate 5 to accommodate the vibration damping movement of the bogie. The axle and bogie are installed as follows... Figure 8As shown, the left end of the positioning rod 19 passes through the mounting plate 5, which has a rectangular mounting opening, and is fixedly connected to the side beam of the train bogie. The right end of the positioning rod 19 is fixed with a circular stop 18, and the diameter of the circular stop 19 is larger than the width of the rectangular mounting opening, so that the mounting plate 5 can only be displaced in the vertical direction relative to the side beam of the train bogie.

[0039] As a preferred embodiment of this example, Figure 3 As shown, it also includes an auxiliary heat dissipation unit. When the train is running, the rotation of the axle 1 drives the auxiliary heat dissipation unit to move, which can accelerate the airflow into the intake pipe 2 and move along the through hole 7, and finally be discharged from the exhaust pipe 4.

[0040] As a preferred embodiment of this example, Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the auxiliary heat dissipation unit includes a multi-blade impeller 10, a connector 8, and an exhaust hood 3 mounted on the exhaust pipe 4. The multi-blade impeller 10 is located in the inner cavity of the exhaust hood 3. An air inlet 12 is provided at the left end of the multi-blade impeller 10, and the air inlet 12 is opposite to the through hole 7. The right end of the axle 1 is fixedly connected to the left end of the multi-blade impeller 10 through the connector 8. When the axle 1 rotates, the multi-blade impeller 10 can be rotated through the connector 8.

[0041] When the train is traveling at high speed (the axle 1 rotates when the train is moving), the right end of the axle 1 is connected to the multi-blade impeller 10 through the connector 8. At this time, the axle 1 will drive the multi-blade impeller 10 to rotate rapidly. Meanwhile, the exhaust hood 3 is fixedly connected to the train bogie and remains stationary. As the multi-blade impeller 10 rotates rapidly, the gas in the exhaust hood 3 is discharged from the exhaust pipe 4 through the action of centrifugal force. At this time, a negative pressure is generated in the exhaust hood 3, which accelerates the airflow from the intake pipe 2 into the axle 1, increases the flow speed of the airflow inside the axle 1, and improves the heat dissipation effect inside the axle 1.

[0042] It should be noted that the connector can be a connecting rod, a connecting ring, or other connecting structures.

[0043] As a preferred embodiment of this example, Figure 3-6As shown, it also includes a sealing unit 9, which automatically seals the air inlet of the air inlet pipe 2 and the exhaust outlet of the exhaust pipe 4 when the temperature of the axle 1 is low. The high temperature of the axle 1 generally occurs when the ambient temperature is high, such as in autumn and summer. However, when the train runs in the rainy season or winter, the ambient temperature is low, and the train speed is generally reduced for safety reasons. This results in the temperature of the axle 1 not being too high. Sealing the axle 1 when the temperature is low (which generally occurs in the rainy season or winter, since the axle 1 does not generate high temperature at this time, no heat dissipation treatment is required) is to prevent humid air (or dust) from entering the through hole 7 of the axle 1, avoiding corrosion and rust on the inner surface of the through hole 7, which would reduce the structural strength of the axle 1 (or dust accumulation would affect the heat dissipation of the axle 1), and thus improve the service life of the axle 1.

[0044] As a preferred embodiment of this example, Figure 3-6 As shown, the sealing unit 9 includes a hollow tube 91 that passes through a through hole on the axle 1 and a plugging assembly installed in the inner cavity of the intake pipe 2 and the exhaust pipe 4 respectively. The through hole is located at the center of the axle 1. The outer diameter of the hollow tube 91 is smaller than the diameter of the through hole. The right end of the hollow tube 91 passes through the multi-blade impeller 10, the exhaust hood 3 and the exhaust pipe 4 in sequence, and extends into the inner cavity of the exhaust pipe 4. The right end of the hollow tube 91 is fixedly connected to the exhaust hood 3. The left end of the hollow tube 91 is fixed in the inner cavity of the intake pipe 2 by a support frame 13.

[0045] Both plugging components include a drive rack 95 that is slidably disposed in the inner cavity of the hollow tube 91 with one end sealed. The drive rack 95 is meshed with the driven rack 98 through a rotating transmission gear 96. The driven rack 98 is fixed on the plugging head 97, and both plugging heads 97 are slidably connected to the intake pipe 2 and the exhaust pipe 4 respectively through a slider 99 provided on their outer wall.

[0046] The inner cavity of the hollow tube 91 is filled with a low-boiling-point liquid.

[0047] When the temperature of axle 1 is too high, the low-boiling-point liquid inside axle 1 will vaporize and expand, pushing out the two drive racks 95. The pushing out movement of the drive racks 95, in conjunction with the transmission gear 96, causes the driven gear 98 to drive the plug head 97 upward, thereby releasing the seal on the intake pipe 2 and exhaust pipe 4. At this time, external airflow can enter the interior of axle 1 for heat dissipation. When the temperature of axle 1 drops below the boiling point of the low-boiling-point liquid, the gas liquefies, and a negative pressure is formed inside the hollow tube 91. At this time, the atmospheric pressure will cause the drive rack 95 to move towards the inner cavity of the hollow tube 91 until the pressure inside and outside the hollow tube 91 is the same. At this time, the two plug heads will seal the inlet and outlet of the intake pipe 2 and exhaust pipe 4 respectively.

[0048] It should be noted that: First, the outer diameter of the hollow tube 91 is smaller than the diameter of the through hole. This is to prevent friction between the axle 1 and the outer wall of the hollow tube 91 when the axle 1 rotates. Second, an insulating coating is provided on the outer wall of the hollow tube 91 directly exposed to the outside to prevent heat loss and timely unblocking of the intake pipe 2 or exhaust pipe 4 by the plug 7. This also ensures the stability of the movement of the plug 7. Alternatively, the insulating coating may not be provided on the outer wall of the hollow tube 91 exposed to the outside. Since low-boiling-point liquids have a good heat absorption effect, heat can be dissipated through this exposed exterior, which is beneficial for the heat dissipation of the axle 1.

[0049] As a preferred embodiment of this example, Figure 4 As shown, it also includes a disconnection unit. When the sealing unit 9 automatically seals the air inlet of the air inlet pipe 2 and the exhaust outlet of the exhaust pipe 4, the disconnection unit causes the connection between the axle 1 and the multi-blade impeller 10 to be automatically disconnected. The rotation of the axle 1 can no longer drive the multi-blade impeller 10 to rotate. Its purpose is to eliminate the work done by the axle 1 on the multi-blade impeller 10, reduce the energy loss of the rotating axle 1, and allow the train to travel further.

[0050] As a preferred embodiment of this example, Figure 2-4 As shown, the detachment unit includes an L-shaped branch pipe 92 located in the inner cavity of the exhaust hood 3 and communicating with the inner cavity of the hollow pipe 91. A drive rod 94 is slidably and sealed in the inner cavity of the L-shaped branch pipe 92.

[0051] A mounting cylinder 14 is fixed at the right end of the multi-blade impeller 10. The mounting cylinder 14 has a through hole with a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the hollow tube 91 at its shaft. The mounting cylinder 14 is located in the movable cavity 15 provided in the inner cavity of the exhaust hood 3. A bearing 11 is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the mounting cylinder 14. The bearing 11 is rotatably connected to the exhaust hood 3 through the bearing 11. The bearing 11 is slidably connected to the exhaust hood 3 through the slider 2 93 provided on its outer wall.

[0052] The outer end of the drive rod 94 is fixedly connected to the slider 93;

[0053] The connecting member 8 includes a first toothed ring 81 fixedly mounted on the right end of the axle 1 and a second toothed ring 82 mounted on the left end face of the multi-blade impeller 10.

[0054] When the low-boiling-point liquid vaporizes inside the hollow tube 91, the internal gas expands, causing the drive rod 94 to move laterally outward. The drive rod 94 drives the slider 93 to move laterally, which in turn drives the multi-blade impeller 10 to move laterally. This causes the second toothed ring 82 on the impeller to engage with the rotating first toothed ring 81, thereby driving the multi-blade impeller 10 to rotate through the first toothed ring 81. Conversely, when the low-boiling-point gas liquefies, the multi-blade impeller 10 will return to its original position.

[0055] It should be noted that the insertion ends of the drive teeth on the first toothed ring 81 and the second toothed ring 82 are arc-shaped to facilitate guiding the insertion.

[0056] As a preferred embodiment of this example, Figure 7 As shown, both the air inlet of the air intake pipe 2 and the air outlet of the exhaust pipe 4 are equipped with filter pipes 17, and the inner cavity of the filter pipe 17 is inclined with a filter screen 16. The purpose of setting the filter screen 16 is to prevent dust from accumulating inside the axle 1, thereby affecting the heat dissipation of the axle 1. When the filter screen 16 is inclined, it increases the gas filtration area and facilitates the falling off of dust particles that collide with the filter screen 16, thus avoiding the accumulation of dust on the filter screen 16. At the same time, when the train is running, the vibration generated by its axle 1 helps to shake off the dust on the inclined filter screen 16.

[0057] It should be noted that: First, a cavity can be set inside the filter screen 16 and filled with desiccant to remove moisture from the air and delay corrosion and rust inside the axle 1. However, this will affect the air intake of the intake pipe 2, thus affecting the heat dissipation effect on the axle 1. Also, the desiccant needs to be replaced regularly, which is a large and troublesome project. It can be selected and used according to actual needs. Second, the setting of the filter screen 16 will have a certain obstruction effect on the air intake of the intake pipe 2. In order to avoid further increasing the obstruction effect, a filter screen 16 with a larger gap should be selected.

[0058] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-heating and temperature-controlled train axle, comprising an axle (1), characterized in that: It also includes a self-heating and temperature control component made of pure machinery, which automatically heats and controls the temperature of the axle (1); The self-heating temperature control component includes multiple evenly distributed through holes (7) penetrating the axle (1), and an air inlet pipe (2) and an exhaust pipe (4) rotatably mounted via sealed bearings (6). The air inlet end of the air inlet pipe (2) is aligned with the direction of travel of the train, and the air outlet end of the exhaust pipe (4) faces away from the direction of travel of the train. The multiple through holes (7) communicate with the inner cavities of the air inlet pipe (2) and the exhaust pipe (4). Mounting plates (5) are provided on both the exhaust pipe (4) and the air inlet pipe (2), and the mounting plates (5) are installed and connected to the train bogie. It also includes an auxiliary heat dissipation unit. When the train is running, the rotation of the axle (1) drives the auxiliary heat dissipation unit to move, which can accelerate the airflow from the air inlet pipe (2) into the air and move along the through hole (7), and finally be discharged from the exhaust pipe (4). It also includes a sealing unit (9) that automatically seals the air inlet of the air inlet pipe (2) and the exhaust outlet of the exhaust pipe (4) when the temperature of the axle (1) is low; The auxiliary heat dissipation unit includes a multi-blade impeller (10), a connector (8), and an exhaust hood (3) mounted on the exhaust pipe (4). The multi-blade impeller (10) is located in the inner cavity of the exhaust hood (3). An air inlet (12) is provided at the left end of the multi-blade impeller (10), and the air inlet (12) is opposite to the through hole (7). The right end of the axle (1) is fixedly connected to the left end of the multi-blade impeller (10) through the connector (8). When the axle (1) rotates, the multi-blade impeller (10) can be driven to rotate through the connector (8). The sealing unit (9) includes a hollow tube (91) passing through a through hole on the axle (1) and a plugging assembly installed in the inner cavity of the intake pipe (2) and the exhaust pipe (4) respectively. The through hole is located at the center of the axle (1). The outer diameter of the hollow tube (91) is smaller than the diameter of the through hole. The right end of the hollow tube (91) passes through the multi-blade impeller (10), the exhaust hood (3) and the exhaust pipe (4) in sequence, and extends to the inner cavity of the exhaust pipe (4). The right end of the hollow tube (91) is fixedly connected to the exhaust hood (3). The left end of the hollow tube (91) is fixed in the inner cavity of the intake pipe (2) by a support frame (13). Both of the aforementioned plugging components include a drive rack (95) that is slidably disposed at one end in the inner cavity of the hollow tube (91). The drive rack (95) is meshed with a driven gear (98) through a rotating transmission gear (96). The driven gear (98) is fixed on the plugging head (97), and both plugging heads (97) are slidably connected to the air inlet pipe (2) and the exhaust pipe (4) respectively through a slider (99) provided on their outer walls. The hollow tube (91) is filled with a low-boiling-point liquid.

2. The self-heating and temperature-controlled train axle according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a disconnection unit. When the sealing unit (9) automatically seals the air inlet of the air inlet pipe (2) and the exhaust outlet of the exhaust pipe (4), the disconnection unit causes the connection between the axle (1) and the multi-blade impeller (10) to be automatically disconnected, and the rotation of the axle (1) can no longer drive the multi-blade impeller (10) to rotate.

3. The self-heating and temperature-controlled train axle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The detachment unit includes an L-shaped branch pipe (92) located in the inner cavity of the exhaust hood (3) and communicating with the inner cavity of the hollow tube (91), and a drive rod (94) is slidably and sealed in the inner cavity of the L-shaped branch pipe (92). A mounting cylinder (14) is fixed at the right end of the multi-bladed impeller (10). A through hole with a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the hollow tube (91) is provided at the center of the mounting cylinder (14). The mounting cylinder (14) is located in the movable cavity (15) provided in the inner cavity of the exhaust hood (3). A bearing (11) is fixedly sleeved on the outer wall of the mounting cylinder (14), and the bearing (11) is rotatably connected to the exhaust hood (3) through the bearing (11). The bearing (11) is slidably connected to the exhaust hood (3) through the slider (93) provided on its outer wall. The outer end of the drive rod (94) is fixedly connected to the second slider (93); The connector (8) includes a first toothed ring (81) fixedly disposed on the right end of the axle (1) and a second toothed ring (82) mounted on the left end face of the multi-bladed impeller (10).

4. The self-heating and temperature-controlled train axle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air inlet of the air inlet pipe (2) and the air outlet of the air outlet pipe (4) are both provided with filter pipes (17), and the inner cavity of the filter pipe (17) is inclined with a filter screen (16).

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