Beverage dispenser head for mixing concentrate, diluent and additives

Abstract

The present invention relates to a beverage dispenser head for mixing a concentrate, a diluent, and an additive. The dispenser head includes a pump, a dilution mechanism, an additive mechanism, an outlet nozzle, and a regulation system. The pump can pump a concentrate liquid for a liquid product from a concentrate source to the dilution mechanism; the dilution mechanism can receive a diluent liquid suitable for the liquid product from a diluent source, can be operable to mix the diluent liquid and the concentrate liquid and provide a diluted concentrate liquid; and the additive mechanism can receive an additive fluid for the liquid product from an additive source to combine the diluted concentrate liquid and the additive fluid. The regulation system includes a pump regulator device to regulate an amount of the concentrate liquid pumped into the dilution mechanism over a dispensing period, a diluent quantity regulator device to regulate a flow of the diluent liquid into the dilution mechanism, and an additive quantity regulator device to regulate a flow of the additive fluid into the additive mechanism.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure generally relates to a dispenser head, and particularly, but not exclusively, to a beverage dispenser head for continuous (in-line) dispensing of beverages. The dispenser head of the present invention is suitable for dispensing effervescent liquids such as carbonated or nitrogen-filled beverages, food or soap, and non-effervescent liquids such as fruit juice. Background Technology

[0002] International patent application publication number WO2014135563 discloses a pump comprising a rotor rotatable within a housing to pump a first liquid from a first inlet to an outlet, and a second inlet for introducing a second fluid into the outlet to mix with the first fluid. For example, the first liquid may be a beverage concentrate, dairy product, alcoholic beverage, liquid medicine, or detergent from a container, and the second liquid may be non-foaming, carbonated, or nitrogen-filled water used to dilute, carbonize, or nitrogen-fill the first liquid.

[0003] GB 2 507 029 discloses a liquid delivery system including a pump mechanism having an inlet adapter for connecting the pump to a container of liquid concentrate. The pump mechanism includes a rotor within a pump housing, the rotor including a radially recessed surface region for delivering a relatively precise quantity of concentrate from the inlet to the outlet as the rotor rotates. A seal located between the inlets is pressed against the rotor surface to prevent fluid from flowing from the outlet to the inlet, and liquid is discharged through the outlet as the radially recessed surface region rotates against the seal. The system includes: a first inlet pipe downstream of the pump mechanism for introducing a diluent liquid, such as water, to dilute the pumped concentrate; and a second inlet pipe downstream of the first inlet pipe for introducing a gas, such as carbon dioxide, into the diluted concentrate to provide a carbonated liquid mixture.

[0004] An improved dispenser head and method are needed for generating and dispensing liquid products (particularly, but not exclusively, effervescent beverages, such as carbonated or nitrogen-filled beverages or foodstuffs) as needed. The dispenser head may also be arranged to mix fluids to produce the liquid to be dispensed or the desired ingredients. Suitablely, such a dispenser head will be relatively efficient, fast, and hygienic, and capable of dispensing liquids with relatively precise composition. Summary of the Invention

[0005] According to a first aspect, a dispenser head is provided, comprising a pump, a dilution mechanism, an additive mechanism, and an outlet nozzle. The pump includes an attachment mechanism including a conduit and a rotor rotatably mounted within a pump housing. The pump housing includes a pump inlet and a pump outlet, wherein the conduit is in fluid flow communication with the pump inlet and the pump outlet is in fluid flow communication with the dilution mechanism. The dilution mechanism includes a dilution housing, which includes a dilution chamber and a diluent conduit. The diluent conduit includes a diluent inlet and an orifice, and the diluent conduit is in fluid flow communication with the diluent chamber through the orifice and a pump outlet leading to the diluent chamber. The dilution mechanism is connected to the additive mechanism via a valve. The additive mechanism includes an additive housing, which includes an additive chamber and an additive inlet in fluid flow communication with the additive chamber. The additive chamber is in fluid flow communication with the outlet nozzle.

[0006] Preferably, the valve connecting the dilution mechanism to the additive mechanism is a one-way valve.

[0007] The dispenser head of the present invention can be used to generate a quantity of fluid, which may include a foaming liquid, such as a foamed food or a carbonated beverage. The pump, dilution mechanism, and additive mechanism are suitably configured such that, in use, the pump mechanism pumps a concentrate liquid for a liquid product from a concentrate source to the dilution mechanism; the dilution mechanism receives a diluent liquid suitable for the liquid product from a diluent source, is operable to mix the diluent liquid and the concentrate liquid, and provides a diluted concentrate liquid; and the additive mechanism receives an additive fluid for the liquid product from an additive source, operable to combine the diluted concentrate liquid and the additive fluid. The additive fluid may be a liquid or a gas, comprise a liquid or a gas, or consist substantially of a liquid or a gas, with the liquid being, particularly but not exclusively, a foaming liquid. The dispenser head of the present invention may also include a regulating system comprising: a pump regulator for regulating the flow rate of the concentrate liquid pumped to the dilution mechanism; a dilution dosage regulator for regulating the flow rate of the diluent liquid flowing into the dilution mechanism; and an additive dosage regulator for regulating the flow rate of the additive fluid flowing into the additive mechanism.

[0008] Suitably, the dispenser head of the present invention can be used in a continuous dispenser assembly to provide dispensed liquid as needed. A continuous dispenser assembly according to a second aspect of the invention may include the dispenser head of the present invention and a supplementary fluid supply system for supplying diluent liquid through a diluent channel and additive fluid through an additive channel; the continuous dispenser assembly is configured such that a dilution mechanism can be connected to the diluent channel so that diluent liquid flows from the diluent channel into the dilution mechanism, and an additive mechanism can be connected to the additive channel so that additive fluid flows from the additive channel into the additive mechanism.

[0009] According to a third aspect, the present invention provides a method for dispensing a foaming liquid using a dispenser head according to the invention, the method comprising: determining an amount of concentrate liquid and an amount of additive liquid, the additive liquid being a foaming liquid, to be combined and dispensed as components of a liquid product; providing a concentrate source connected to a pump such that the pump can pump the concentrate liquid from the concentrate source to a dilution unit; activating the pump to pump the amount of concentrate liquid into an additive unit, and placing the additive source in fluid communication with the additive unit to allow the amount of additive liquid to flow into the additive unit; and dispensing the amount of liquid product comprising the amount of concentrate liquid and the amount of additive liquid.

[0010] According to a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a method for dispensing a non-foaming liquid product using a dispenser head according to the invention, the method comprising: determining an amount of concentrate liquid and an amount of additive liquid to be combined and dispensed as components of the liquid product; providing a concentrate source connected to a pump such that the pump can pump the concentrate liquid from the concentrate source to a dilution unit; activating the pump to pump the amount of concentrate liquid into the dilution unit, and placing a diluent source in fluid communication with the dilution unit to allow the amount of diluent liquid to flow into the dilution unit; and dispensing the liquid product comprising the concentrate liquid and the diluent liquid.

[0011] According to a fifth aspect, a method for cleaning a dispenser head according to the invention is provided, the method comprising: placing an additive mechanism in fluid communication with a source of cleaning fluid, the source of cleaning fluid being under a pressure sufficient to allow the cleaning fluid to flow into the dispenser head, and then disengaging the additive mechanism from the source of cleaning fluid and removing the cleaning fluid from the dispenser head.

[0012] This disclosure envisions various dispenser head and continuous dispenser head arrangements, as well as methods for dispensing liquid products and cleaning dispenser systems, of which non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples are described below.

[0013] The dispenser head of the present invention can be provided as an assembled form, kit form, or partially assembled form as in use. In a preferred embodiment, the pump, dilution mechanism, additive mechanism, and outlet nozzle of the dispenser head are provided as an integral construction. Suitably, the integral construction comprises a single plastic device manufactured by any suitable method (e.g., by injection molding).

[0014] Suitablely, the concentrate source may include a vessel for containing the concentrate liquid, which may be attached to the pump via an attachment mechanism such that the concentrate liquid may flow from the vessel into the pump in response to operation of the pump mechanism.

[0015] The dispenser head can be attached to a container of concentrated liquid via a coupling mechanism that can be released and operated to detach the container from the dispenser head. Preferably, the dispenser head is fixedly attached to the container of concentrated liquid such that the dispenser system can be disposed of once the contents of the container of concentrated liquid have been emptied.

[0016] In some example arrangements, the pump may be configured to pump the concentrate liquid as a series of discrete portions of the concentrate liquid or as a continuous flow of the concentrate liquid. The average pumping rate of the concentrate liquid may be predetermined by a regulating device or controllable.

[0017] In some example arrangements, the dilution mechanism may be configured to facilitate rapid dilution of the concentrate liquid with a diluent liquid, and thus reduce the viscosity and / or Brix value of the concentrate liquid combined with the foaming additive liquid by the additive mechanism, while reducing or substantially preventing premature or excessive foaming of the foaming additive liquid.

[0018] In use, the dilution chamber receives pumped concentrate liquid from a pump, and a diluent conduit delivers diluent liquid from a diluent source into the dilution chamber. The dilution mechanism can be configured such that the concentrate liquid can be mixed with the diluent liquid within the dilution chamber to produce a diluted concentrate liquid. In some cases, it is not necessary to add diluent liquid to the concentrate liquid. In this case, undiluted concentrate is pumped through the dilution mechanism and then enters the additive mechanism undiluted. The diluted or undiluted concentrate liquid flows from the dilution chamber to the additive mechanism. The dispenser head (or more specifically, the dilution mechanism or the additive mechanism) includes a flow regulator device for allowing liquid to flow from the dilution chamber to the additive chamber. Preferably, the flow regulator device is unidirectional, thereby allowing liquid to flow from the dilution chamber to the additive chamber, but preventing fluid from flowing from the additive chamber into the dilution chamber.

[0019] The diluent liquid flows into the dilution chamber through a diluent orifice. The outlet area of ​​the diluent orifice is small enough to create a jet of diluent liquid to promote mixing with the concentrate liquid. In other words, the cross-sectional area of ​​the diluent orifice can be sufficiently small compared to the average cross-sectional area of ​​the rest of the diluent conduit, such that the velocity at which the diluent liquid is introduced into the dilution chamber is significantly greater than the average velocity at which the diluent liquid flows through the rest of the diluent conduit. Injecting the diluent liquid into the dilution chamber and thus into the concentrate liquid within the dilution chamber at a relatively high velocity can promote relatively rapid mixing of the diluent liquid and the concentrate liquid.

[0020] If the area of ​​the diluent orifice and the pressure of the diluent liquid are known (e.g., if the pressure of the diluent liquid is controlled by a pressure regulator), then the amount of diluent liquid introduced into the dilution chamber can be determined and controlled by controlling the time period during which the diluent liquid is allowed to flow into the dilution chamber. For example, the diluent shut-off valve can be controlled to allow or prevent the flow of the diluent liquid by placing the shut-off valve in the open or closed position respectively.

[0021] In some example arrangements, the diluent fluid may be water supplied from a tap water source.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, the diluent orifice is located upstream of the pump outlet.

[0023] It may be desirable to prevent the concentrate liquid from entering the tap water supply or other dilution fluid sources. Additionally, it may be desirable to prevent the concentrate liquid (whether diluted or not) from entering additive fluid sources such as carbonated water or nitrogen-filled liquids (in some examples, the concentrate liquid may have a high sugar or Brix value, and / or a high fat content, and be capable of promoting biological growth). In some cases, there may be legal requirements not to contaminate the tap water supply, and sanitary reasons not to contaminate the additive fluid supply. Furthermore, it may be undesirable for water or carbonated water from the tap water supply to enter the source container of the concentrate liquid to avoid contamination or premature partial dilution of the concentrate liquid, which could make it difficult or impossible to subsequently achieve an accurate dilution ratio in the dispensed liquid. Taking these points into consideration, the flow of the concentrate liquid may need to be cut off before the diluent supply is shut off, in order to at least flush the dilution chamber and ensure that no concentrate liquid, or diluted concentrate, or subsequently mixed liquid flows back through the diluent orifice. The combined and mixed diluted concentrate and / or additive liquid is discharged downstream (from below) and does not contact the additive liquid outlet; furthermore, the additive liquid can pass through a gasket-type check valve to prevent the mixed liquid product from re-entering the supply conduit for the additive liquid. The concentrate liquid can be introduced into an area of ​​the additive chamber at a pressure lower than the supply pressure of the diluted or undiluted concentrate liquid to ensure that the additive liquid does not force the diluted or undiluted concentrate upwards into the dilution chamber or upwards through the diluent orifice.

[0024] In some example arrangements where water is introduced from a tap water supply source into the distributor head, it may be desirable to maintain the tap water pressure within a regulated standard range. Suitably, the distributor head according to the invention is adapted to receive water at a pressure of approximately 150 kPa (1.5 bar). This is because many areas supply tap water at least at this pressure, and it is likely significantly easier to lower the pressure (i.e., reduce the pressure) than to introduce a water pump into the system to increase the pressure. For example, if the diluent water is known to be at a pressure of approximately 150 kPa, the rate at which the water passes through a diluent orifice with a known area can be determined.

[0025] If the diluent flow rate is substantially constant, then the amount of diluent mixed with the concentrate liquid (in other words, the ratio of diluent liquid to concentrate liquid) can be determined and adjusted by controlling the time period during which dilution water is allowed to flow into the dilution chamber. For example, if dilution water (or other liquid) passes through the flow-limiting orifice at a rate of approximately 20 ml / s (milliliters per second), and the required dilution ratio is 2:1, then the pump mechanism needs to deliver the concentrate liquid at a rate of approximately 6.6 ml / s (i.e., 20 ml / s divided by 3), and therefore the total combined flow rate will be approximately 26.6 ml / s. For example, if 200 ml of beverage is to be dispensed into a glass, then the required time will be approximately 7.5 s (i.e., 200 ml divided by 26.6 ml / s). In another example where the concentrate liquid needs to be diluted at a 4:1 ratio (diluent to concentrate liquid), the pump mechanism needs to deliver approximately 4.0 ml / s (i.e., 20 ml divided by 5) of concentrate liquid, and the total combined flow rate will be approximately 24 ml / s, with a filling time of 8.33 s (i.e., 200 ml divided by 24 ml / s) for a 200 ml glass. The user can consider this level of dispensing cycle convenient and sufficiently short. However, in an example where the concentrate liquid needs to be diluted at a higher ratio (e.g., a 24:1 dilution ratio), the pump mechanism needs to deliver the concentrate at a flow rate of approximately 0.8 ml / s (i.e., 20 ml / s divided by 25), resulting in a dispensing cycle of approximately 9.6 s, which can be considered relatively long for dispensing a single beverage. An example of reducing dispensing time when a relatively high dilution ratio is required is to use a dispenser system in which the diluent liquid has a large surface area through its flow-limiting orifice entering the dilution chamber.

[0026] The dispenser head according to the invention may include an RFID device or other suitable data storage and indicating device for indicating the size of the diluent orifice and / or other data about the dispenser head; such data indicating device may be able to communicate with a regulating system and / or a pump drive mechanism. Example data indicating devices may be able to convey other operating parameters for operating the dispenser head or for modifying parameters for supplying concentrated liquid and / or diluent liquid and / or additive fluid to the dispenser head.

[0027] The pump may include a sealing member capable of supporting the rotor and operable to prevent concentrated liquid from flowing from the pump outlet to the pump inlet and to discharge the concentrated liquid to the pump outlet. The sealing member may be a diaphragm seal or a membrane that is a sufficiently thin and flexible portion of the pump housing. The pump and diluent conduit may be configured such that the pressure of the diluent liquid within the diluent conduit can be transmitted to the rotor via the sealing member. For example, the diluent conduit may be configured such that the diluent liquid flows against the rear side of the sealing member (i.e., the side of the sealing member opposite the side that will contact the rotor in use), and the pressure of the diluent liquid may be sufficient to push the sealing member against the rotating rotor with sufficient force, thereby preventing the concentrated liquid from passing between the surface of the rotor and the surface of the pump housing. For example, in the case where the diluent liquid is tap water, a pressure of 150 kPa may be suitable to be applied to the diaphragm seal to force it against the rotor. Furthermore, the pressure drop across the diluent orifice means that the diluent pressure after passing through the diluent orifice is lower than the pressure before passing through the diluent orifice, so the diaphragm will always be persuaded against the rotor to form a seal, and thus prevent the diluent from reaching the source reservoir through the pump.

[0028] In some example arrangements, the dilution mechanism may include a concentrate liquid disperser device for dispersing the concentrate liquid and increasing its surface area to facilitate mixing with the diluent liquid. In some examples, the concentrate disperser device may be configured and arranged to disperse the concentrate liquid into a film to facilitate mixing with the diluent liquid; for example, the disperser device may include a flexible member shaped as an annular or circular disc (such as a gasket) configured and arranged to radially disperse the concentrate liquid (in diluted, undiluted, or partially diluted form) by deflecting the flow of the liquid, such that the radial flow of the dispersed liquid is substantially uniform azimuthally around a central axis. In some examples, the concentrate disperser device may include an atomizer device that forms the concentrate liquid into multiple droplets.

[0029] In some example arrangements, the dilution mechanism (or more specifically, the concentrate disperser device) may include a labyrinthine passage configured to deliver the concentrate liquid over an extended flow path operable to facilitate mixing with the diluent liquid. In other words, the dilution mechanism may include a coiled or mesh-like passage arrangement through which the concentrate liquid and the diluent liquid flow to extend the path and time through which the concentrate liquid and the diluent liquid can be mixed.

[0030] Preferably, the diluted or undiluted concentrate liquid may be combined with the additive fluid in the additive chamber. The diluted or undiluted concentrate liquid may be combined at least partially within a receiver into which the liquid will be dispensed. Suitably, in all aspects of the invention, at least some of the diluted or undiluted concentrate liquid and the additive liquid may be allowed to flow simultaneously into the additive mechanism to be combined at least partially in the additive mechanism; and / or to be combined at least partially in the additive mechanism, partially in the receiver, or only in the receiver, in a sequential manner.

[0031] In some example arrangements, when the additive fluid is a foaming liquid, the additive inlet may be configured to have substantially no nucleation sites for forming bubbles in the additive fluid. For example, the additive conduit may have substantially no abrupt changes in orientation or cross-sectional area, and / or no corners or surface microprotrusions.

[0032] In some example arrangements, the additive chamber may include bubble nucleation devices and / or be configured to include nucleation sites for promoting bubble formation. For example, the additive chamber may contain gauze or an open mesh or textured surface to promote abrupt changes in orientation and / or cross-sectional area. This arrangement may be suitable for use when the additive fluid is a nitrogen-filled liquid, some of which is not absorbed (in other words, dissolved) in water or other carrier liquids and remains in the form of microbubbles (i.e., bubbles with a relatively small average size). Unlike carbonated water where carbon dioxide is present in water, it may be relatively more difficult to break bubbles emerging from the solution, and if foam heads are desired to form on the dispensed liquid, surfaces configured to promote bubble nucleation may be necessary, as agitating the beverage in the beverage receiver may not be sufficient to achieve the desired amount of foam.

[0033] In some example arrangements, the additive mechanism may include an additive disperser device for dispersing additive fluid within the additive chamber; and may be configured such that the additive fluid is dispersed before being combined with a diluted (or undiluted) concentrate liquid.

[0034] The beverage dispenser according to the invention may further include a regulating system comprising a diluent flow rate regulator for regulating the flow rate of diluent liquid entering the dilution mechanism; and / or the regulating system may include an additive flow rate regulator for regulating the flow rate of additive fluid entering the additive mechanism. The flow rate regulator for the diluent liquid and / or additive fluid may include a pressure-responsive flow control device operable to counteract changes in the flow rate of the diluent liquid in response to changes in the pressure of the diluent liquid / additive fluid received from the diluent source / additive source (the fluid flow rate may be regulated according to velocity or flux, where flux is the mass of fluid passing through a unit area per unit time). An example additive flow rate regulator may be configured such that the flow rate of the additive fluid does not exceed 110% of the flow rate of the additive fluid when the pressure of the additive fluid in the additive source is 1000 kPa. In another example, the additive flow rate regulator device may be configured such that the flow rate of the additive fluid when the pressure of the additive fluid is 600 kPa does not exceed 110% of the flow rate of the additive fluid when the pressure of the additive fluid in the additive source is 100 kPa.

[0035] An example flow rate regulator device may include a flexible member having a central orifice connecting opposite ends through which flowing fluid will flow, the flexible member being configured such that the orifice will respond to an increase in fluid pressure by decreasing its cross-sectional area and to a decrease in fluid pressure by increasing its cross-sectional area.

[0036] In some example arrangements, the regulating system may include a processor device configured to receive input data indicating the amount of liquid product to be dispensed and to issue a control signal operable to control at least one corresponding operating parameter of each of the dilution dose regulator and the addition dose regulator to dispense the amount of liquid product. The processor device may be a computer processor or a microprocessor. The processor device may include a data receiver device for receiving data in the form of electromagnetic, electronic, or optical signals.

[0037] In some example arrangements, the dilution dose regulator device may include a diluent flow control device that can be placed in an open state and a closed state in response to a control signal received from a processor device. The device is configured and arranged such that when the diluent flow control device is in the open state, diluent liquid can enter the dilution mechanism, and when the diluent flow control device is in the closed state, diluent liquid cannot enter the dilution mechanism.

[0038] Alternatively or additionally, the dosage regulator device may include an additive flow control device that can be placed in an open state and a closed state in response to a control signal received from a processor device, and is configured and arranged such that when the additive flow control device is in the open state, additive fluid can enter the additive mechanism, and when the additive flow control device is in the closed state, additive fluid cannot enter the additive mechanism.

[0039] In some example arrangements, the processor device may be configured to operate to receive data indicating the average diluent liquid flow rate entering the dilution mechanism when the diluent flow control device is in the open state, and / or the amount of diluent liquid used for mixing with the concentrate liquid, and / or the pumping rate at which the concentrate is being pumped or can be pumped. The processor device may be configured to keep the diluent flow control device in the open state for a sufficient period of time to allow said amount of diluent liquid to enter the dilution chamber, and then close the diluent flow control device.

[0040] In some example arrangements, the processor device may be configured to operate to receive data indicating the average additive fluid flow rate entering the additive mechanism when the additive flow control device is in the open state, and / or the amount of additive fluid used to bind with the concentrate liquid, and / or the pumping rate at which the concentrate is pumped. The processor device may be configured to keep the additive flow control device in the open state for a sufficient period of time to allow said amount of additive fluid to enter the additive chamber, and then close the additive flow control device.

[0041] In some examples, the processor device may be configured to: receive sugar content data indicating the amount of sugar contained in the concentrate liquid; determine the amount of diluent liquid to be mixed with the concentrate liquid, the determination being based on the sugar content data; keep a diluent flow control mechanism in an open state for a sufficient duration to allow the determined amount of diluent liquid to enter the dilution chamber; and then close the diluent flow control mechanism. The sugar content data may be represented in terms of Brix values, such as Brix content.

[0042] In embodiments, the dispenser head of the present invention may include a plurality of elements that are functionally interconnected, a first element including a dilution mechanism and a second element including an additive mechanism. For example, the dispenser head may include a coupling mechanism for reversibly connecting the additive mechanism to the dilution mechanism such that when the additive mechanism is connected to the dilution mechanism via the coupling mechanism, diluted concentrate liquid can flow from the dilution mechanism into the additive mechanism.

[0043] In some example arrangements of a continuous dispenser assembly, the supplemental fluid supply system may be configured to supply at least one of a diluent liquid and an additive liquid at a temperature ranging from 1°C to 10°C. The supplemental fluid supply system may be configured to supply a foaming additive liquid at a pressure of 600 to 1000 kPa. The supplemental fluid supply system may be able to supply a carbonated or nitrogen-filled aqueous additive liquid. It may also be desirable to maintain the temperature of the concentrate liquid in the range of 2°C to 10°C, partly to preserve the usability of the concentrate liquid and partly to control the temperature of the mixed liquid (e.g., a beverage) dispensed into the receiver. For example, the concentrate may be maintained at about 6°C. If the temperature of the concentrate liquid is too low, its viscosity may become too high to flow, and if the temperature of the concentrate is too high, its shelf life may be shortened.

[0044] Some example methods for dispensing liquid products may include: connecting a dilution unit to a dilution source of diluent liquid; placing the diluent source in fluid communication with the dilution unit to allow a certain amount of diluent liquid to flow into the dilution unit and mix with the concentrate liquid to provide a certain amount of diluted concentrate liquid; and then blocking the fluid communication between the diluent source and the dilution unit to prevent additional diluent liquid from flowing into the dilution unit; and dispensing the amount of liquid product comprising the amount of diluted concentrate and the amount of additive liquid.

[0045] In another example embodiment, the method may include: activating a pump and placing a diluent source in fluid communication with a dilution mechanism to allow a certain amount of diluent liquid to flow into the dilution mechanism and mix with the concentrate liquid, thereby providing a diluted concentrate liquid; dispensing at least a portion of the amount of diluted concentrate into a receiver via the additive mechanism when the additive source is not in fluid communication with the additive mechanism; and after a period of time, placing the additive source in fluid communication with the additive mechanism and dispensing the amount of additive liquid into the receiver, such that at least a portion of the amount of additive liquid and at least a portion of the diluted concentrate are combined in the receiver.

[0046] Example methods for cleaning the dispenser head may include the following sequence: stopping the pump after a period of use, then cutting off the flow of the diluent liquid after another period of time, and then cutting off the flow of the additive fluid after yet another period of time. This may have the effect of cleaning the dilution chamber and the additive chamber to remove trace amounts of concentrate deposited from the concentrate liquid, which may have a relatively high sugar content (high Brix value); and / or the concentrate liquid may include or be composed of dairy products, which may cause fat deposits if the dilution chamber and / or the additive chamber or other parts of the dispenser head are not cleaned.

[0047] The dispenser head should be configured such that diluted or undiluted concentrate liquid cannot enter the additive conduit, and additive fluid cannot enter the source of the concentrate liquid.

[0048] The dispenser head may be disposable and / or comprise recyclable materials. The dispenser head may also be reusable. For example, the dispenser head may include a quick-release connector for use with multiple concentrate containers.

[0049] While the dispenser head of the present invention can be used to dispense a variety of liquid products, including foamed and non-foamed products such as carbonated or nitrogen-filled beverages, carbonated or nitrogen-filled foods (e.g., cream or dairy products), or foamed soaps, for simplicity, the dispenser head of the present invention will be described in more detail in connection with carbonated or nitrogen-filled beverages. The detailed disclosure relating to carbonated or nitrogen-filled beverages also applies to all carbonated or nitrogen-filled liquids. Attached Figure Description

[0050] Example embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0051] Figure 1 A schematic side view of an example continuous beverage dispenser system is shown;

[0052] Figure 2A A schematic perspective view of an example dispenser head is shown;

[0053] Figure 2B It shows Figure 2A A schematic side view of an example dispenser head shown;

[0054] Figure 2C It shows Figure 2A A schematic longitudinal sectional view of an example dispenser head is shown;

[0055] Figure 2D It shows in Figure 2B In the plane BB shown (in perpendicular to) Figure 2C A schematic longitudinal sectional view of the dispenser head partially assembled in the plane shown.

[0056] Figure 2E It shows Figure 2D A schematic longitudinal cross-section of a portion of an example dispenser head is shown;

[0057] Figure 3A A schematic side view of an example dispenser head is shown;

[0058] Figure 3B It shows in Figure 3A A schematic partial sectional view on plane CC as indicated in the middle; and

[0059] Figure 3CIt shows in Figure 3B A schematic cross-sectional view of the expansion region E indicated in the middle;

[0060] Figure 4A A schematic longitudinal cross-section is shown through an example flow rate regulator device, such as one assembled in use; and

[0061] Figure 4B It shows crossing Figure 3A A schematic longitudinal cross-section of an example valve body for an example flow rate regulator device. Detailed Implementation

[0062] As used herein, a foaming liquid is a liquid capable of foaming, for example, in response to a decrease in pressure applied to a carrier liquid or an increase in its temperature. A foaming liquid may include molecular species dissolved within the carrier liquid, wherein these molecular species may emerge from the solution in a gaseous state as bubbles. For example, foaming water (or other liquids, such as dairy liquids) may consist of or include carbon dioxide or nitrogen or nitrous oxide dissolved and / or suspended in water (or other liquids).

[0063] Carbonated beverages include carbon dioxide dissolved in the beverage, wherein carbon dioxide bubbles are released from the solution during the foaming process. Nitrogen-filled beverages may include nitrogen gas suspended in the beverage, wherein nitrogen gas bubbles are released during the foaming process. Although nitrogen gas is significantly less soluble in water than carbon dioxide, relatively very small nitrogen gas bubbles can remain suspended in water. Nitrogen-filled liquids may include nitrous oxide, nitrogen gas, or bubbles suspended in the liquid. For example, nitrogen gas can be introduced into beer or coffee, and nitrogen-filled beer can be stored in kegs. Unless otherwise stated herein, the term “carbonation” includes “carbonation” or “nitrogen-filled”; that is, nitrogen-filled liquids may contain dissolved carbon dioxide or dissolved and / or suspended nitrogen gas. Carbonated liquids may be capable of foaming, which involves the gradual formation of carbon dioxide or nitrogen gas bubbles.

[0064] Additive fluids may include carbonated liquids (suitably, carbonated water), nitrogen-filled liquids (suitably, nitrogen-filled water), dairy liquids, or other aqueous liquids, or substantially composed of them, containing as much dissolved or suspended carbon dioxide or nitrogen as possible. The saturation level of carbon dioxide or nitrogen typically increases with increasing pressure and decreasing temperature; for example, the highest concentration in water can be achieved by cooling water to just above its freezing point. When temperature rises or pressure decreases, bubbles tend to form in water or other liquids; this is known as foaming. The rate at which gaseous carbon dioxide or nitrogen dissolves from a liquid depends on the number and size distribution of bubbles introduced into the liquid, the pressure applied to the liquid, and the time allowed to reach saturation levels.

[0065] Reference Figure 1An example continuous beverage dispenser assembly 100 for dispensing beverage B may include an example dispenser head 200 and an example replenishment fluid system 400. The dispenser head 200 may include a pump 220, the inlet of which is connected to the outlet of a vessel 300 containing a concentrate liquid C for beverage B, such that the pump 220 can pump the concentrate liquid C from the vessel 300. The replenishment fluid system 400 may supply a diluent liquid D for diluting the concentrate liquid C via a diluent channel 420 and an additive fluid A via an additive channel 430. In some examples, the replenishment fluid system 400 may be able to supply a foaming additive fluid A via the additive channel 430. The pump 220 may pump the concentrate liquid C from the vessel 300 as a series of portions into a dilution chamber. Figure 1 (not shown in the image); and the diluent conduit ( Figure 1 (Not shown) Diluent liquid D can be conveyed from diluent channel 420 to dilution chamber, where concentrate liquid C can be mixed with diluent liquid D to dilute concentrate liquid C and thus reduce its viscosity. Diluted concentrate C d It can flow from the dilution chamber into the additive chamber ( Figure 1 (Not shown in the text). If the viscosity or dilution ratio of the concentrate liquid C is low enough, it may not be necessary to dilute it with diluent liquid D, and in such an example, the pumped concentrate liquid C can pass through a dilution mechanism including a dilution chamber into an additive chamber included in an additive mechanism without being mixed with the diluent. Unless otherwise stated, the liquid flowing from the dilution mechanism to the additive mechanism will be referred to herein as diluted concentrate C, regardless of whether the concentrate liquid C has been diluted with diluent liquid D. d The additive mechanism can be configured to receive additive fluid A and mix it with diluted concentrate C. d Combined, to provide beverage B to the receiver (not shown) via outlet nozzle 262.

[0066] Beverage B may generally consist of a predetermined or calculable amount of concentrated liquid C, diluent liquid D, and additive fluid A. Figure 1 The dispenser assembly shown includes a regulating system (not shown) operable to regulate at least one operating parameter of the pump (e.g., whether the pump is started or stopped), the amount of diluent liquid D flowing into the dilution mechanism, and the amount of additive fluid flowing into the additive mechanism. For example, the regulating system may include a diluent valve mechanism (not shown) for regulating whether diluent liquid D can flow into the dilution mechanism from diluent channel 420, and an additive valve mechanism (not shown) for regulating whether additive fluid A can flow into the additive mechanism from additive channel 430.

[0067] The regulating system may include an electronic processor device, such as a computer microprocessor (not shown), configured to control the operation of the diluent valve mechanism and the additive valve mechanism based on input data received and processed by the electronic processor. For example, the replenishment fluid system 400 may include a radio frequency identification (RFID) device capable of indicating the corresponding flow rates of diluent liquid D and additive fluid A. The regulating system may include a device capable of receiving data transmitted by the RFID device and converting the data into electronic form for processing by the electronic processor. In some examples, the electronic processor may be configured to determine, based on the corresponding flow rates of the diluent valve mechanism and the additive valve mechanism, the time periods during which the diluent valve mechanism and the additive valve mechanism should be placed in an open state to allow diluent liquid D and additive fluid A to flow into the diluent mechanism and the additive mechanism, respectively. The electronic processor device may place each of the diluent valve device and the additive valve device in a closed state after the corresponding time period by issuing a corresponding electronic control signal. The amounts of diluent liquid D and additive liquid A used to combine with the concentrate liquid C can thus be determined and regulated. This disclosure also contemplates devices other than RFID devices, such as QR code or barcode readers, for inputting data into the regulating system.

[0068] The foaming additive liquid can be saturated with carbon dioxide or nitrogen to a known value, thereby enabling the calculation of the amount of additive fluid to be introduced. For example, the foaming additive liquid can preferably be provided at about 2°C, at which the saturation level can be known.

[0069] In examples where the additive fluid A is a foaming liquid such as carbonated or nitrogen-filled water or other aqueous liquids, it may be desirable for the beverage to exhibit a certain degree of foaming. The degree of foaming can be characterized by the amount of bubble formation, potentially expressed as the amount of gas released from beverage B when dissolved carbon dioxide or nitrogen gas exits the solution as bubbles. Foaming can be characterized, for example, by the number and size distribution of the released bubbles and / or the rate of bubble formation. It may be desirable for foaming to be within a certain range: too much foaming results in excessive foam on beverage B, and too little foaming results in beverage B being too flat (i.e., too little gas is released in the beverage). In some examples, the dispenser head may have aspects that achieve the desired amount of foaming in beverage B.

[0070] Reference Figures 2A to 2EThe example dispenser head 200 may include an attachment mechanism 210 for attaching the dispenser head 200 to a vessel 300 containing concentrated liquid C. The example attachment mechanism 210 includes a conduit 211 for conveying concentrated liquid C from the vessel 300 to an inlet 221A of a pump 220. The vessel 300 may be provided as part of the dispenser head 200, detachably, or as an integrated unit, or it may be provided separately from the dispenser head 200. The attachment mechanism 210 may be constructed in conjunction with a corresponding mechanism included in the vessel 300.

[0071] Special reference Figure 2C Example pump 220 may include a rotor 225 within pump housing 223, wherein rotor 225 may be driven by a motor (not shown) coupled to rotor drive mechanism 222. Figure 2C In the illustration, the axis of rotation of rotor 225 is perpendicular to the page. Pump housing 223 may have a cylindrical inner surface in which rotor 225 is fitted and rotated such that a surface area of ​​rotor 225 contacts the inner surface of pump housing 223. Pump housing 223 may include a resilient material, and rotor 225 may slightly press down on the inner surface of pump housing 223 to ensure a sufficiently good seal between rotor 225 and pump housing 223, thereby preventing the pumped concentrate liquid C from passing between the rotor surface area and the inner surface of pump housing 223 when the rotor surface area and the inner surface of pump housing 223 are in contact with each other. In the specific example shown, the surface of rotor 225 includes two opposing surface areas that are radially spaced inward to form corresponding pump chambers 226 on opposite sides of rotor 225 along their diameters. Figure 2C Only one pump chamber is represented by 226. The volume of each pump chamber 226 will define the volume of each quantity of concentrated liquid C pumped into dilution chamber 232 via pump outlet 221B. Each pump chamber 226 can receive concentrated liquid C when the corresponding pump chamber 226 is in fluid communication with pump inlet 221A. As the rotor 225 is driven to rotate in use (as in... Figure 2C (In the clockwise direction shown), the concentrated liquid C in the pump chamber 226 will be conveyed around the pump housing 223 until the pump chamber 226 becomes fluidly connected to the pump outlet 221B, and the concentrated liquid C is discharged from the pump chamber 226 to the pump outlet 221B.

[0072] exist Figure 2CIn the specific example shown, pump 220 includes a sealing membrane 227, which may be formed as an integral part of pump housing 223 or joined to rotor housing 223 by welding, adhesive, or other means. The sealing membrane 227 is sufficiently flexible and resilient to maintain contact with a relatively complex-shaped rotor surface, including radially recessed areas forming pump chamber 226. A resilient compression member 213 may be located within a rear chamber 212 behind the sealing membrane 227; that is, the compression member 213 may be arranged on the side of the sealing membrane 227 opposite to the side contacting rotor 225. In this example, the resilient compression member 213 is elongated and has a generally "U"-shaped shape when viewed in cross-section, such as... Figure 2C As shown, a pair of elongated leg members are disposed against a fixed back wall 214 abutting against a rear chamber 212. Ribs protruding from opposite sides of the resilient compression member 213 may abut the rear side of the sealing membrane 227; that is, the side of the sealing membrane 227 facing the rear chamber 212. The rear chamber 212 and the resilient compression member 213 are configured such that the resilient compression member 213 will be compressed between the back wall 214 and the sealing membrane 227, such that as the rotor 225 is driven to rotate within the rotor housing 223, the ribs of the resilient member 213 may push the sealing membrane 227 against the surface of the rotor 225. Thus, the sealing membrane 227 will be pushed against the surface of the rotor 225 with sufficient force to prevent the concentrated liquid C from passing between the sealing membrane 227 and the rotor 225 and thus prevent it from flowing from the pump outlet 221B to the pump inlet 221A, and to discharge the concentrated C from the pump chamber 226 into the pump outlet 221B.

[0073] Reference Figure 2C The described example pump 220 pumps concentrated liquid C from vessel 300 as a series of portions, each portion having a known volume, and delivers it to the dilution mechanism at a known rate determined by the angular velocity and total rotational degrees of rotor 225. The volume of each portion of concentrated liquid C is defined by the volume of each pump chamber 226. The amount of concentrated liquid C delivered to produce a certain amount of beverage B can be determined as a number of portions. In other example dispenser heads, different types of pumps can be used that pump concentrated liquid C as a continuous stream at a known or selectable flow rate.

[0074] In various example arrangements, pump 220 may be substantially as disclosed in any of the international patent applications with publication numbers WO2006 / 027548, WO2010 / 122299, WO2013 / 050491, WO2014060418, WO2013 / 050488, WO2013 / 117486 or WO2014 / 135563 or in the UK patent applications with publication numbers GB 2 551 663 or GB 2 507029 (although the example pump mechanism is by no means limited to those disclosed in these publications).

[0075] In some examples, it may be desirable to reduce the viscosity of concentrate liquid C by diluting it with a suitable diluent liquid D before combining it with additive fluid A, especially when additive fluid A is a foaming liquid. This allows the foaming additive liquid A to combine with the diluted concentrate C. d Combined thoroughly and gently to reduce, minimize, or prevent premature or excessive foaming of additive liquid A or dispensed beverage B.

[0076] The illustrated dilution mechanism includes a dilution housing 230, which includes a dilution chamber 232 and a dilution conduit for conveying diluent liquid D from a diluent channel 420 of a replenishment fluid system 400 into the dilution chamber 232. The dilution chamber 232 is in fluid communication with a pump outlet and receives and mixes pumped concentrate liquid C and diluent liquid D together. The diluent conduit may include a plurality of chambers, orifices, and passages in fluid communication with each other, operable to convey diluent liquid D from the diluent channel to the dilution chamber 232; for example, the diluent conduit may be formed by a diluent inlet 234 and an orifice 235 leading into the dilution chamber 232.

[0077] exist Figure 2C and Figure 2D In the specific example shown, the diluent conduit may include a rear chamber 212 and is therefore in fluid communication with the rear side of the sealing membrane 227. The pressure of the diluent liquid D can thus be transmitted to the rear side of the sealing membrane 227, supplementing or replacing the force applied to the sealing membrane 227 by the resilient compression member 213 to press the sealing membrane 227 against the surface area of ​​the rotor 225. In some other examples, the diluent conduit may be isolated from the rear chamber 212 and the sealing membrane 227 by a barrier device. Therefore, the force applied to the sealing membrane 227 can be a combination of the force applied by the compression member 213 and the pressure differential across the flow-limiting orifice 235 (which may be referred to as a "jet orifice," especially if its area is small enough that the liquid passing through it will appear as a liquid jet).

[0078] Special reference Figure 2C and Figure 2DThe diluent conduit may include a jet orifice 235 having a sufficiently small area such that the diluent liquid D passing through it will be jetted into the dilution chamber 232 as a jet of diluent liquid D. This can have aspects that promote turbulence and rapid mixing of the pumped concentrate C with the jet of diluent liquid D. The area of ​​the jet orifice 235 may be significantly smaller than the average cross-sectional area of ​​the rest of the diluent conduit, resulting in a significant increase in the velocity and a decrease in pressure of the diluent liquid D flowing from the jet orifice 235 into the dilution chamber 232.

[0079] Further reference Figure 2C and Figure 2D An example dispenser system may include a one-way valve 250 for diluting concentrate C. d The concentrate C will be diluted through the one-way valve 250, which is configured and arranged to facilitate dilution. d The turbulent flow promotes rapid and thorough mixing of the diluent liquid D and the concentrate liquid C. The one-way valve 250 is preferably located at the dilute concentrate C. d The additive liquid A is allowed to flow upstream into the dilution chamber 232 in its path from the dilution chamber 232 to the additive mechanism, and suitablely prevents the additive liquid A from flowing upstream into the dilution chamber 232. The dilution mechanism or the additive mechanism may include a check valve 250, or the check valve may be located between the dilution mechanism and the additive mechanism.

[0080] Reference Figure 2E An example one-way valve includes a flexible member 250 in the form of an annular disc or ring, such as, for example, a polymer gasket. The flexible member 250 may extend generally radially from a central axis, and when no fluid flows from the dilution mechanism to the additive mechanism, the outer peripheral region of the flexible member 250 abuts the seat region of the housing of the dilution mechanism. When at least partially diluted concentrate C... d Contained within the dilution chamber 232 and in contact with the side of the flexible member 250, and the diluted concentrate C d When the pressure is high enough, the outer peripheral region of the flexible member 250 can deflect away from the valve seat, thus allowing the diluted concentrate C to be dilated. d It passes between the outer peripheral region and the valve seat, entering chamber 268 included in the additive mechanism. Therefore, the diluted concentrate C can be imparted... d The radially outward component of the velocity; in the diluted concentrate C d Before being combined with additive liquid A, in at least partially diluted concentrate C d The increased turbulence generated internally can rapidly improve the homogeneity of the mixture of diluent liquid D and concentrate liquid C. Furthermore, the diluted or undiluted concentrate C... d The radially outward-moving flow can impact the radial wall of the additive chamber, causing diluted or undiluted concentrate C to... d The turbulence further promotes mixing.

[0081] In some examples, the diluent liquid can be introduced into the dilution chamber 232 at a pressure of approximately 150 kPa through the diluent orifice 235. While this may result in some mixing of the diluent liquid D with the concentrate liquid D, the diluted concentrate mixture may not be homogeneous. The relatively pressurized diluted concentrate is then forced through a flexible member 250, which in some examples may include an elastomeric gasket valve that is flexible to allow the diluted concentrate C to pass through. d It passes through dilution chamber 232. The degree of deflection of the flexible gasket 250 will largely depend on the concentrated concentrate C being diluted. d The viscosity and pressure, as well as the flexibility of gasket 250. In some preferred example arrangements, the diluted concentrate C d It can be forced into a relatively thin film. This is to allow for a sufficient amount of diluted concentrate C. d Therefore, the length of the thin film needs to be sufficiently large relative to the film thickness, which can be achieved if the flexible gasket valve 150 is circular and has a sufficiently long circumference. The concentrated concentrate C is presented as a thin film. d It can proceed at high speeds and therefore relatively low pressures. The membrane enters the first volume 268 of the additive chamber, which is configured to dilute the concentrate C. d The thin film is guided into the central region of the first volume 268. The diluted concentrate C d The high speed and sudden change in its direction of travel may lead to further mixing and homogenization, and the diluted concentrate may be a substantially homogeneous diluted mixture when it leaves the first volume 268 of the additive chamber.

[0082] Special reference Figure 2DThe regulating system of the dispenser system 200 may include a diluent flow control mechanism 275 for regulating the flow of diluent liquid D through the diluent inlet passage 234. For example, the diluent flow control mechanism 275 may include a shut-off valve that can be placed in an open or closed state. In the open state, diluent liquid D can pass through the shut-off valve; in the closed state, the diluent shut-off valve 275 prevents diluent liquid D from flowing into the dilution conduit. The diluent shut-off valve 275 may be housed within a valve housing 270, which may be attached to the diluent inlet 234. The diluent shut-off valve 275 may be electrically actuated by a solenoid device (not shown), which may be controlled by an electronic processor device (not shown). When the dispenser head 200 is used and concentrate C is pumped into the dilution chamber 232, the diluent shut-off valve 275 may be placed in the open state, allowing diluent liquid D to flow into the dilution chamber 232 and mix with concentrate C. When the required amount of diluent liquid D has flowed into the dilution chamber 232, the diluent shut-off valve 275 can automatically close. The required amount of diluent liquid D can be determined as a product of the diluent flow rate (e.g., the mass of diluent liquid D flowing through a unit area per unit time) and the time period during which the diluent shut-off valve 275 has been open.

[0083] The additive mechanism may include an additive housing 260, which includes a first volume 268 and a second volume 266 of an additive chamber and an additive inlet 264, which may be substantially without bends or abrupt changes in direction to reduce or substantially prevent premature or excessive foaming of the foamable additive liquid A, such as carbonated water. In some example arrangements, the diluted concentrate liquid C... d (Or, in some examples, undiluted concentrate) can flow from dilution chamber 232 into the uppermost volume 268 of additive chamber via check valve 250. Additionally, additive fluid A can flow from additive channel 430 of replenishment fluid system 400 via additive inlet 264 into volume 266 of additive chamber, in which additive fluid A can at least partially react with the diluted concentrate C. d Combined, and entering a cup or other receiver (not shown) through outlet nozzle 262. Additive liquid A and diluted or undiluted concentrate C. d The mixture can be partially or substantially completely mixed in the additive chamber and / or receiver. The additive mechanism may include a sieve (not shown) or other suitable stirring device to promote gas nucleation and thus promote foaming of additive liquid A or beverage B, particularly for certain liquids that require stirring to foam (i.e., bubble nucleation), such as nitrogen-filled liquids. For example, the stirring sieve may be located at or near the outlet nozzle 262 and may include sieve openings of about 750 micrometers in diameter or similar multifaceted openings.

[0084] Special reference Figure 2D The regulating mechanism may include an additive flow control mechanism 285 for regulating the flow of additive fluid A through additive inlet 264. For example, additive flow control mechanism 285 may include an additive shut-off valve, which can be in an open or closed state. In the open state, additive fluid A can pass through the shut-off valve; in the closed state, additive shut-off valve 285 prevents additive fluid A from flowing into the volume 266 of the additive chamber. Additive shut-off valve 285 may be disposed adjacent to valve housing 280 within valve housing 280, which may be attached adjacent to additive inlet 264. Additive shut-off valve 285 may be electrically actuated by a solenoid device (not shown), which may be controlled by an electronic processor device (not shown). When dispenser head 200 is used, additive shut-off valve 285 may be in the open state, allowing additive liquid A to flow into the volume 266 of the additive chamber. After the required amount of additive fluid A has flowed into additive chamber 266, additive shut-off valve 285 may automatically close. The required amount of additive fluid A can be determined as a product of the additive liquid flow rate (e.g., the mass of additive liquid D flowing through a unit area per unit time) and the time period during which the additive shut-off valve 285 has been open.

[0085] The regulating system may include a pressure-responsive valve 282 located within valve housing 280. For example, pressure-responsive valve 282 may include a flow passage through which carbonated water A can flow, and is configured such that the rate at which carbonated water flows through this passage at a temperature of about 1°C to about 10°C will be substantially constant in the pressure range of about 140 kPa to about 1000 kPa (e.g., about 16 ml / s to about 24 ml / s, or about 20 ml / s) (in some arrangements, higher saturation can be achieved by using higher pressures up to about 1000 kPa). Generally, pressure-responsive valve 282 can limit the flow rate variation of cooled foaming additive liquid A to no more than ±10% or ±5% depending on the pressure of additive liquid A in the range of about 100 kPa to about 1000 kPa. The foaming additive liquid A may contain dissolved carbon dioxide or suspended nitrogen in amounts equal to or slightly less than its saturated solubility under normal conditions. The amount of additive liquid A can therefore be controlled by the timing of the operation of a shut-off valve.

[0086] In the example where additive fluid A is a foaming liquid, it may be desirable that the content of dissolved carbon dioxide or suspended nitrogen is at or near saturation solubility, and that the saturation solubility level is as high as possible. This can be achieved by supplying foaming additive fluid A at a low temperature (e.g., just above the freezing point of the liquid) and a relatively high pressure. The average diameter (or more generally, cross-sectional area) of the supply pipe (not shown) delivering additive fluid A to pressure response valve 282 can be significantly larger than the average diameter (or cross-sectional area) of the passage through pressure response valve 282, so that the pressure of additive fluid A upstream of pressure response valve 282 is sufficiently high to keep the liquid saturated with foaming gas while reducing or substantially preventing foaming at this stage. Additive inlet 264 can have a smaller diameter to reduce the magnitude of the pressure drop across pressure response valve 282, which would otherwise cause excessive gas leakage. In some example arrangements, the flow rate and amount of diluent liquid D can be controlled by a mechanism similar to that disclosed for additive fluid A.

[0087] Reference Figures 3A to 3C An example dispenser head 200 may include a pump 220, a connection adapter 210 for connecting to the inlet of the pump 220 in fluid communication with a vessel containing a concentrate liquid C for a beverage, a dilution mechanism, an additive mechanism, and a conditioning system. The example dilution mechanism may include a dilution chamber 232 within a dilution housing 230, a diluent conduit, and a one-way diluent valve 250. The diluent conduit includes a diluent inlet 234 and an orifice 235 through which diluent liquid D flows into the dilution chamber 234. The additive mechanism may include an additive housing 260 and an additive inlet 244, an additive chamber including a first additive volume 268, a second additive volume 267, a third additive volume 266, a fourth additive volume 269, and an outlet nozzle 262 for dispensing beverage B. The additive housing 260 may be releasably coupled to the dilution housing 230 via a connection mechanism 238.

[0088] Figure 3B and Figure 3C A specific example additive mechanism is shown in more detail. Diluted concentrate C d (It may consist of diluted or undiluted concentrate liquid C) can enter the first volume 268 from the dilution chamber 232 through the one-way valve 250, and subsequently flow through the second volume 266 toward the fourth volume 269 of the additive chamber. The second volume 266 comprises a generally cylindrical volume extending longitudinally between the first volume 268 and the fourth volume 269; the fourth volume 269 is positioned adjacent to the outlet nozzle 262. A third volume 267 of the additive chamber surrounds the second chamber 266 and extends coaxially with the second chamber 266. The additive fluid A can be delivered through the additive inlet 244 into the generally annular third volume 267, and azimuthally surrounds the delivery of the diluted concentrate C.d The second volume 266 is distributed, and the second volume 266 and the third volume 267 are separated by a generally annular wall. A one-way additive valve 270 may be located between the third volume 267 and the fourth volume 269, allowing additive fluid A in the third volume 267 to flow into the fourth volume 269, but preventing fluid from flowing from the fourth volume 269 to the third volume 267. The one-way additive valve may include a flexible gasket 270 and may operate similarly to the upstream one-way valve 250, diluting the concentrate C. d Through the one-way valve 250; that is, the pressure of the additive fluid A in the third volume 267 can deflect the outer peripheral portion of the flexible gasket 270 away from the valve seat and pass between the flexible gasket 270 and the valve seat. The additive fluid A can be mixed with the diluted concentrate C in the fourth volume 269 before being dispensed through the outlet nozzle 262. d Combine.

[0089] Before flowing through the flexible gasket 270 between the second volume 266 and the fourth volume 269, the foamable additive fluid A may be introduced into the second volume 266 of the additive chamber at a pressure of approximately 900 kPa. To reduce or substantially avoid premature or excessive foaming of the additive liquid A (i.e., reduce bubble nucleation), the pressure of the foamable liquid A should be reduced as gradually as possible from 900 kPa to ambient pressure. The flexible gasket valve 270 may be conical, and its seat should be conical accordingly; a preferred example cone angle may be approximately 45°. The diameter of the gasket valve 270 may be relatively large, such that the foamable additive liquid A flows out from between the gasket valve 270 and its seat in the form of a thin film with a relatively large cross-sectional area. In an exemplary arrangement, the additive liquid A may impinge on the wall of the fourth volume 269 of the additive chamber at approximately 45° and subsequently flow against the wall of that chamber. Because the diameter of the fourth volume 269 of the additive chamber is significantly larger than the diameter of the additive inlet 244 (e.g., an order of 15 times greater), the velocity of the foaming liquid A within the fourth volume 269 is significantly lower than its velocity within the additive inlet 244. In the example shown, the wall of the fourth volume 269 toward the outlet nozzle 262 is conical (or funnel-shaped) to converge the foaming additive liquid A at a relatively low velocity, forming a smooth, low-velocity flow.

[0090] The additive valve device 270 does not need to include a thermoplastic gasket, and in some examples, it may include two concentric cones with a precise gap between them for the passage of the foamable liquid A. However, flexible gaskets can exhibit advantageous self-compensation for different flow rates; furthermore, a double-cone arrangement may require manufacturing with significantly higher precision than a flexible gasket.

[0091] The diluted (and substantially homogeneous) concentrate liquid C is located in the central second volume 266 of the additive chamber. d It can be kept under relatively low pressure, allowing it to combine with the foaming additive liquid A in the fourth volume 269, which is also kept under relatively low pressure because the fourth volume 269 is open to ambient pressure. Diluted concentrate liquid C d Further mixing with the foaming additive liquid A can be carried out in a receiver, into which the liquid is dispensed via an outlet nozzle 262. The outlet nozzle 262 may be fitted with a section of tubing to guide the liquid to a receiver located at a distance from the outlet nozzle 262.

[0092] Reference Figures 4A to 4B Example pressure-response flow control valve assembly 282 may include a resilient annular valve body 284 and a valve retainer 286. The valve body 284 includes a central passage 288 coaxially connecting a proximal end 283 and a distal end 285 of the valve body 284 to a longitudinal axis L. The valve retainer 286 is configured to receive the valve body 284, including generally annular sidewalls 289 and having a valve seat 287, the distal end 285 of which abuts the valve seat 287 when assembled in use. The valve retainer 286 includes a central outlet passage 286E connecting the valve seat 287 to the distal end of the valve retainer 286. Figure 4A In the specific example shown, the outlet passage 286E is substantially coaxial with the passage 288 passing through the valve body 284 and has a larger diameter than the passage 288 passing through the valve body 284.

[0093] In use, a liquid (e.g., a foaming additive liquid A) flows from the proximal end 283 to the distal end 285 through passage 288 of valve body 284, at least its radially outer region abutting valve seat 287, and then exits pressure-response valve assembly 282 through outlet passage 286E of valve retainer 286. When additive mechanism 260 is assembled in use, valve retainer 287 is housed within valve housing 280 (e.g., Figure 2D (As shown). The valve body 284 comprises or is substantially composed of a flexible, resilient material and is configured such that it will longitudinally flex against the proximal end 283 in response to an increase in fluid pressure. In the non-flexible state, Figure 4A In the specific example shown, the distal end 285 of the valve body 282 will be spaced apart from at least the inner annular region of the valve seat 287, such that when the valve body 284 flexes in response to the pressure of the fluid passing through the passage 288, its distal end 285 may flex toward the valve seat 285.

[0094] exist Figure 4AIn the specific example shown (disclosed in US 7,225,829 B2), the valve retainer also includes an annular bypass passage 281A formed in the valve seat 287 and coaxial with the outlet passage 286, and a longitudinal bypass passage inlet 281B configured such that when the valve body 284 is not flexed as shown, fluid can flow through the bypass passage inlet 281B into the annular bypass passage 281A, and then through the space between the spaced-apart internal distal ends 285 of the valve body 284 and into the outlet passage 286E. Thus, bypass passages 281B, 281A are provided such that when the pressure of the fluid against the proximal end 283 of the valve body 284 is sufficiently low, fluid can flow through the bypass passages 281B, 281A to fluidly communicate the annular bypass passage 281A with the outlet passage 286E of the valve retainer 286. As fluid pressure increases, valve body 284 will flex, causing its distal end 285 to move closer towards the interior region of valve seat 285, and reducing the effective area of ​​bypass passages 281B, 281A. Therefore, pressure-responsive valve assembly 282 will respond to an increase in fluid pressure by reducing the effective area through which fluid can flow, thereby counteracting the tendency of fluid flux to increase with increasing pressure. Other examples of pressure-responsive valve assemblies 282 have different constructions and arrangements of valve body 284 and valve housing 286.

[0095] The valve body 284 may comprise or be substantially composed of a flexible rubber material and is configured to deform in response to an increase in the pressure of the flowing fluid, such that the effective passage diameter of the pressure-responsive valve assembly 282 decreases, thereby limiting the rate at which fluid passes through it. When the fluid pressure increases above a certain value, the orifice size decreases just enough to maintain a substantially constant flow rate. A potentially suitable example of a pressure-responsive valve could be one capable of... VL3007XXXXX obtained TM Other examples of potentially suitable pressure-response valves are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,609,014, 7,222,643, and 7,225,829.

[0096] In examples where the additive fluid is a foaming liquid, premature foaming can be triggered by a variety of factors. For example, bubble nucleation can be caused by the presence of sharp edges and micro-protrusions, agitation of the foaming liquid, an increase in the temperature of the foaming liquid, and a relatively rapid decrease in its pressure. A decrease in pressure will lead to a reduction in the saturation concentration of dissolved gases, thereby causing bubble formation. Since the pressure of the foaming additive liquid may be approximately 690 kPa when it is introduced into the additive chamber, it needs to be reduced before being dispensed into the receiver. To reduce premature foaming, the pressure reduction can be delayed until the foaming liquid is as close as possible to the outlet nozzle of the additive mechanism. Furthermore, a rapid decrease in pressure will tend to increase the agitation of the liquid. Preferably, for example, by keeping the outlet nozzle in a refrigerated environment, the outlet nozzle can be maintained at a relatively low temperature. This reduces foaming and may also be desirable for maintaining hygiene.

[0097] When the pressure of additive liquid A supplied by the supplemental fluid system may be uncertain or differ between various systems, the ability of a pressure-responsive valve to reduce changes in flow rate in response to changes in fluid pressure can have an aspect of reducing variations in foaming (i.e., bubbling or foaming) of the foamable additive liquid A. This effect may be caused by a phenomenon in which increasing the flow rate of the foamable liquid may directly or indirectly lead to foaming of the liquid, potentially due to an increased risk of turbulence in the flowing liquid.

[0098] The dispenser head 200 may be a component (which may be provided in an assembled or kit form) or a separate component. For example, one or more of the valve housings 270, 280, flow control devices 275, 285, and pressure-response valve 282 may be provided as separate components, which may be assembled and functionally interconnected. Preferably, the dispenser head 200 is provided as an integral construction. Furthermore, the additive housing 260 may be provided as a fixing device capable of reversibly engaging with the dilution housing 230. The dispenser head 200 may include an attachment mechanism 238 formed by the co-constructed end portions of the dilution housing 230 and the additive housing 260, such that the respective end portions can engage with each other. For example, the end portions may be co-threaded, allowing the additive housing 260 to be screwed onto the end portion of the dilution housing 230; or interlocked with it in some other way. In some examples, the additive mechanism may be provided as a kit comprising the additive housing 260, the additive valve housing 280, the pressure-response valve 282, and the shut-off valve 285.

[0099] By controlling the appropriate time period for pumping concentrated liquid C from vessel 300, and allowing diluent fluid D and foaming additive fluid A to flow into the dilution and additive mechanisms respectively to mix with concentrated liquid C, a desired amount of beverage B with the required concentration and carbonation or nitrogenation can be dispensed. In some examples, the pumping rate of concentrated liquid C and / or the operation of shut-off valves 275 for diluent D and 285 for additive liquid A, as well as other potential operating parameters of pump 220, can be controlled by an RFID chip or QR code or similar (not shown) containing the recipe for that particular concentrated liquid (which may be provided as part of pump 220). Dispenser head 200 may include a reading device capable of reading the recipe for beverage B and adjusting the ratio of concentrated liquid C, diluent liquid D, and additive liquid A according to the recipe.

[0100] Dispenser head 200 may include information about the user's liquid product, and potentially information such as the amount of concentrate remaining in container 300, the shelf life (or "expiration date") of the concentrate liquid C, and the compatibility of the concentrate liquid with the dispenser operator's dispenser head. This information may be displayed on a graphical interface provided with dispenser head 200. This arrangement is particularly advantageous when dispenser head 200 is fitted to concentrate container 300 for single use only.

[0101] The electronic processor may be able to receive electronic input data indicating the pumping rate and / or diluent flow rate and / or additive flow rate, as well as the amounts of concentrate C, diluent D, and additive liquid A, and beverage B. The electronic processor may be able to process this data to at least determine the time period during which diluent D and / or additive flow into dilution chamber 232 and / or additive chamber; and may independently control the operation of shut-off valves 275 and 285 by outputting corresponding electronic control signals.

[0102] In some examples, the dispenser assembly including dispenser head 200 may include a computer processor capable of reading radio frequency identification (RFID) data and automatically setting operating parameters of the dispenser head, such as the corresponding timing for opening and closing of the diluent shut-off valve and the additive shut-off valve. At least some electronic input data may be manually entered by the operator, or transmitted from sensors included in the pump assembly and / or dilution mechanism and / or additive mechanism; and / or transmitted by one or more devices such as RFID, which may be included in the replenishment fluid system 400 and / or provided with the concentrate vessel 300. In some examples, dispenser head 200 (which may include concentrate vessel 300) or specifically concentrate vessel 300 may be provided with means indicating the relative proportions of concentrate C, diluent D, and additive A that should be present in the desired beverage B. For example, the dispenser head may include an RFID device capable of providing this information.

[0103] The concentrate liquid can be a concentrated form of any of the various beverages B, such as fruit juice, beer, milk, coffee, or soft drinks like cola. In some examples, the concentrate liquid C may be relatively viscous and needs to be diluted before mixing with carbonated or nitrogen-filled water (or other aqueous liquid) A to provide the desired carbonation or nitrogen filling to beverage B while avoiding excessive foam or froth. The diluent liquid D may include or consist substantially of water (or other aqueous liquid) that is substantially free of carbon dioxide or nitrogen added in a foaming form, and / or the additive fluid A may include or consist substantially of carbonated or nitrogen-filled water that is foaming when incorporated into beverage B. In some examples, the additive fluid A may be substantially free of carbon dioxide and nitrogen. In some examples, a certain amount of foam may be desired (e.g., in a coffee latte), in which case the additive mechanism may be configured to promote controlled nucleation.

[0104] The user may expect beverage B to be dispensed into a cup or other receiver within a relatively short period of time; for example, approximately the time it takes to manually pour beverage B directly into a cup. This requires concentrate C to be diluted and carbonated as it flows from the pump through outlet nozzle 262 into the receiver. In some examples, such as when beverage B is apple juice or other fruit juice, concentrate C may have a relatively high viscosity and needs to be diluted with diluent D before it can be effectively mixed with the carbonated additive liquid A within a sufficiently short period of time. A sufficient amount of diluent fluid D (such as non-foaming water) can be mixed into the fruit juice concentrate C to adequately reduce the dilution of concentrate C. d The viscosity allows carbonated water A to mix with it quickly and thoroughly, facilitating distribution.

[0105] In some examples, the concentrate liquid C (e.g., concentrated syrup for cola or beer) may have a sufficiently low viscosity that it does not need to be diluted before being mixed with carbonated or nitrogen-filled water or other aqueous liquids. In this case, the diluent shut-off valve 275 may remain closed while the beverage B is dispensed. For example, cola syrup may be mixed with carbonated water at a ratio of approximately 5:1 (and 4:1 for some alcoholic beers); and for some non-alcoholic beers, the concentrate to carbonated water ratio may be approximately 25:1.

[0106] The supplemental fluid unit 400 can be configured to cool the water to approximately 2°C and pressurize it to approximately 700–1000 kPa before introducing it into the distributor head 200. Therefore, when carbonated water A is introduced into the additive mechanism 260, the dissolved carbon dioxide content should be close to the highest practically achievable level.

[0107] The additive channel 430 for conveying the carbonated liquid or nitrogen-filled liquid A can be configured to promote laminar flow as much as possible to reduce or prevent foaming until the carbonated fluid A is introduced into the additive mechanism 260. Laminar flow can be enhanced by configuring the additive conduit 430 so that it changes direction gradually without abrupt turns.

[0108] Since carbon dioxide (or nitrogen) bubbles can nucleate and release in response to a decrease in pressure when carbonated liquid A enters the additive mechanism, the additive mechanism can be configured to provide a certain decompression rate to control the rate of bubble formation and the size distribution of the bubbles. When carbonated liquid A flows into or through the additive mechanism, it passes through gauze to control the number and size distribution of bubbles and promote controlled foaming of the beverage.

[0109] In some examples, when the dispenser head 200 is not in use, disinfectant fluid may be introduced into a dilution or additive mechanism to clean at least a portion of the dispenser head 200 leading to the environment. It may be desirable to use a diluent liquid to flush the outlet nozzle during the mixing process.

[0110] The supplemental fluid system may be able to cool the diluent liquid D and the additive fluid A to the same or different temperatures in the range of about 1°C to about 10°C, and may be able to pressurize at least the additive fluid A to a pressure of about 600 kPa to about 1000 kPa.

[0111] In some examples, the supplemental fluid system may be configured to introduce carbon dioxide or nitrogen bubbles into a carrier liquid, such as water, which will be carbonized or nitrogen-filled, and then process the gas-containing carrier liquid such that substantially all the gas in the bubbles dissolves into or is suspended in the carrier liquid to provide a foaming (i.e., foamable) additive liquid. The supplemental fluid system can increase the saturated solubility of carbon dioxide or nitrogen in the carrier liquid by passing the gas-containing carrier liquid through a heat exchanger to lower the temperature of the carrier liquid to slightly above its freezing point. The diluent may be a liquid of the same kind as the carrier liquid (e.g., non-foaming water), and before the diluent liquid D and the additive liquid A are supplied at known flow rates in separate streams to diluent inlet 234 and additive inlet 264, the diluent may pass through the same heat exchanger to also lower its temperature; this heat exchanger may be a dual-coil heat exchanger. The pumped concentrate C may be vigorously mixed with the cooled diluent liquid D and thus rapidly diluted to produce a diluted concentrate C with a sufficiently low viscosity. d This is used for subsequent mixing with cooled foaming additive liquid A. Then, foaming additive liquid A can be mixed with diluted concentrate C in the additive chamber. d The beverage B is blended relatively gently and can be dispensed directly into the cup without excessive foaming.

[0112] When a foaming gas is introduced into a carrier liquid to provide a foaming additive liquid within a makeup fluid unit, the pressure differential between the gas (e.g., carbon dioxide or nitrogen) and the water or other carrier liquid can often be important for the efficient and rapid dissolution of the gas into the carrier liquid. For example, if the carbon dioxide gas is at a pressure of 700 kPa and the water pressure is 200 kPa, the pressure differential is 500 kPa. For instance, once the water carrier liquid has been saturated with carbon dioxide, the pressure reduction from 700 kPa should be as gradual as possible to the point where it is dispensed (at ambient pressure) to reduce the risk of over-foaming. This can be achieved by delivering the foaming liquid through a relatively long tube with a relatively small diameter, or by the tube being slightly tapered from a small diameter to a larger diameter, such that the liquid flow rate is relatively low when it is dispensed. A preferred method is to deliver the foaming liquid in a relatively short tube with a relatively large diameter and to position the flow control valve as close as possible to the outlet nozzle. Upon passing through the flow control valve, any dissolved gas is immediately mixed with the concentrate liquid or pre-diluted concentrate liquid. High-density concentrates can absorb higher levels of dissolved gases.

[0113] Generally, excessive foaming or over-foaming can occur if the effervescent liquid and the concentrate liquid are combined too vigorously; the effervescent additive liquid should generally be subjected to the least possible agitation. Some example dispenser heads have the aspect that the steps of vigorously diluting the concentrate liquid C and gently mixing it with the effervescent liquid A are separated to provide a continuous device for sufficiently rapid dispensing of the effervescent beverage B with reduced foaming. Furthermore, the replenishment fluid system 400 can be used to produce different beverages B from different corresponding concentrate liquids C, wherein beverage B can be quickly switched with a significantly reduced risk of cross-contamination. For example, the first component of the dispenser head, including the vessel connected to the container holding the first concentrate liquid, can be relatively easily and quickly disconnected from the replenishment fluid system and replaced with a vessel holding the second concentrate liquid and a second component of the dispenser head.

[0114] In some examples, it may be desirable to dispense a beverage with high effervescence (i.e., very “effervescent”), thus requiring a relatively large amount of effervescent liquid combined with the concentrate liquid. Generally, the higher the concentration of the concentrate liquid, the more effervescence can be continuously introduced; and generally, the more concentrated the concentrate liquid, the higher its viscosity, and the more it may need to be diluted. Generally, since the desired serving temperature for a chilled beverage is approximately 8°C (5-10°C), and the concentrate liquid C can be stored in a refrigerator at approximately 6°C, and since the cup may be at ambient temperature (approximately 15-30°C), the replenishment fluid unit may need to introduce the diluent liquid at temperatures close to its freezing point (e.g., approximately 2°C for water diluents). The effervescent additive liquid may include the highest possible amount of dissolved effervescent gas.

[0115] In some examples, the ratio of concentrate liquid to non-foaming water diluent may be approximately 1:1; and the ratio of foaming water to diluted concentrate may be approximately 4:1.

[0116] The viscosity of the diluted concentrate can be low enough that the final stage of mixing the foaming additive liquid and the diluted concentrate can be carried out in a cup after dispensing.

[0117] For a given pressure difference, temperature, and time between the gas and liquid, the maximum saturation level is a constant. The dispenser head can use this known constant to dispense the correct ratio of concentrate, diluent, and saturated carbonated water.

[0118] Some example dispenser heads may have aspects that prevent concentrate from being supplied by a replenishment fluid unit, which may generate, cool, and / or pressurize and deliver only diluent fluids such as non-aerated water and / or additive fluids such as carbonated water or nitrogen-filled water. Dispenser heads including or connected to concentrate containers may be connected to the replenishment fluid unit, such that diluent and / or additive fluids can be delivered from the replenishment fluid unit to the dispenser head. The type of beverage to be dispensed can be changed by detaching the dispenser head from the replenishment fluid unit and attaching different dispenser heads, which are attached to or may be attached to containers holding different concentrate liquids suitable for the desired beverage. Alternatively, the concentrate containers may be detachable from the pump, and different containers holding the desired concentrate may be connected to the pump. This avoids the need to clean the replenishment fluid unit to remove residual concentrate and avoids cross-contamination of the desired beverage by residual amounts of previous concentrate. Example dispenser heads may be configured such that a sterilizing liquid source can be connected to a diluent inlet for introducing sterilizing fluid so that it flows through all pathways downstream of the pump outlet.

[0119] The example dispenser head provided for attachment to a concentrate container may have the advantage of avoiding the risk of cross-contamination between different concentrates, a risk that could arise if the pump assembly is used to pump different concentrates. In other examples, the dispenser head may be provided separately from the concentrate container, attached to it for use, and subsequently detached for use with different containers containing the same or different types of concentrates. The pump assembly may be cleaned before being attached to the concentrate container for use.

Claims

1. A dispenser head comprising: an attachment mechanism sized to mate with an opening of a concentrate vessel; a pump comprising a rotor rotatably mounted within a pump housing, the pump housing comprising a pump inlet and a pump outlet, wherein the pump inlet is attached to the attachment mechanism by a conduit; a dilution mechanism comprising a dilution housing, the dilution housing comprising a dilution chamber and a diluent conduit, the diluent conduit comprising a diluent inlet and an orifice, the diluent conduit being in fluid flow communication with the dilution chamber through the orifice, the pump outlet opening into the dilution chamber; a valve comprising a valve inlet and a valve outlet, the valve inlet being attached to an outlet of the dilution chamber; an additive mechanism comprising an additive housing, the additive housing comprising an additive chamber, an additive inlet attached to the valve outlet and in fluid flow communication with the additive chamber, and the additive chamber being in fluid flow communication with an outlet nozzle.

2. The dispenser head of claim 1, wherein, the valve is configured to direct fluid flowing from the dilution chamber in a radially outward direction to the additive chamber.

3. The dispenser head of claim 2, wherein, the valve comprises a flexible member extending generally radially from a central axis, an outer peripheral region of the flexible member abutting the housing of the dilution mechanism when no fluid is flowing from the additive mechanism to the dilution mechanism.

4. The dispenser head of claim 1, wherein, the additive mechanism comprises a first volume and a second volume, the valve configured to direct fluid flowing from the dilution chamber in a radially outward direction to the first volume of the additive chamber, the first volume of the additive chamber configured to direct fluid flowing from the valve into a central region of the additive chamber.

5. The dispenser head of claim 4, wherein, the additive inlet is in fluid flow communication with the second volume of the additive chamber, the second volume of the additive chamber being in fluid flow communication with the outlet nozzle.

6. The dispenser head of claim 4, wherein, the first volume of the additive chamber is configured to direct a film of fluid flowing from the dilution chamber into a central region of the first volume of the additive chamber.

7. The dispenser head of claim 4, wherein, the additive mechanism comprising the additive housing comprising the first volume and the second volume of the additive chamber and the additive inlet is substantially free of corners or abrupt changes in direction.

8. The dispenser head of claim 4, wherein, the additive chamber further comprises a third volume and a fourth volume.

9. The dispenser head of claim 8, wherein, the second volume comprises a generally cylindrical volume extending longitudinally between the first volume and the fourth volume.

10. The dispenser head of claim 8, wherein, the fourth volume is positioned proximate the outlet nozzle.

11. The dispenser head of claim 8, wherein, The third volume of the additive chamber surrounds the second volume, extends coaxially with the second volume, additive fluid A is deliverable into the third volume through the additive inlet, and is distributed azimuthally around the delivery of the diluted concentrate C d the second volume and the third volume are separated by a substantially annular wall, wherein the third volume is substantially annular.

12. The dispenser head of claim 11, wherein, a one-way valve is located between the third volume and the fourth volume such that additive fluid A within the third volume can flow into the fourth volume but fluid cannot flow from the fourth volume to the third volume.

13. The dispenser head of claim 1, wherein, the additive housing is releasably coupled with the dilution housing by a connection mechanism.

14. The dispenser head of claim 1, wherein, further comprising a regulation system comprising: a pump regulator for regulating a flow rate of concentrate liquid pumped into the dilution mechanism; a diluent quantity regulator for regulating a flow rate of diluent liquid flowing into the dilution mechanism; and a diluent concentration regulator for regulating a concentration of diluent liquid flowing into the dilution mechanism. An additive dosing regulator for regulating a flow rate of an additive fluid flowing into the additive mechanism, wherein the additive dosing regulator is configured such that the flow rate of the additive fluid when the pressure of the additive fluid is 1000 kPa is no more than 110% of the flow rate of the additive fluid when the pressure of the additive fluid in an additive source is 600 kPa.

15. The dispenser head of claim 1, wherein, The rotor is configured such that the rotor can be driven to rotate within the pump housing, the rotor being operable to deliver concentrate liquid from the pump inlet in fluid communication with a concentrate source to the pump outlet in fluid communication with the dilution chamber; and wherein the pump further comprises a sealing member bearing against the rotor, operable to prevent concentrate liquid from flowing from the pump outlet to the pump inlet, and to expel concentrate liquid into the pump outlet, wherein the pump and the diluent conduit are cooperatively configured such that a pressure of diluent liquid within the diluent conduit is transmittable to the rotor via the sealing member.

16. The dispenser head of claim 15, wherein, The pump further comprises a resilient compression member within a rear chamber behind the sealing member opposite a side contacting the rotor.

17. The dispenser head of claim 1, wherein, comprising a plurality of elements that are functionally couplable to one another, wherein a first element of the plurality of elements comprises the dilution mechanism, and a second element of the plurality of elements comprises the additive mechanism.

18. The dispenser head of claim 17, wherein, comprising a coupling mechanism for reversibly connecting the additive mechanism to the dilution mechanism, such that when the additive mechanism is connected to the dilution mechanism by the coupling mechanism, diluted concentrate liquid is flowable from the dilution mechanism into the additive mechanism.

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