A downhole large-diameter drilling device and a construction method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a downhole large-diameter drilling equipment, which comprises a large-diameter pipe-following drilling machine, a large-diameter pipe-following directional drilling system, a collapsed body metal detection and breaking system and a self-moving multifunctional rescue operation cabin; wherein the large-diameter pipe-following drilling machine is used for efficiently constructing a large-diameter horizontal hole as a rescue passage; the large-diameter pipe-following directional drilling system adopts a first-level, second-level or third-level hole protection mode according to the length of a collapsed body and a stratum; the system can realize efficient drilling and accurate guidance in a complex collapsed stratum, and guarantee that the drilling quality and the drilling track meet the requirements; the collapsed body metal detection and breaking system can finely detect metal components in the collapsed body, determine the accurate position and scale of the metal components, and realize rapid cutting of the metal components; and the self-moving multifunctional rescue operation cabin can be used as an auxiliary obstacle removing at the bottom of a rescue hole to improve the rescue drilling construction efficiency while guaranteeing the safety of personnel in the cabin.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of mining or tunnel construction technology, and relates to the research and development of emergency rescue equipment, especially to a large-diameter drilling equipment and construction method for underground drilling. Background Technology

[0002] Collapse accidents occur frequently during mining or tunnel construction. When a tunnel collapses, it is common for personnel exit routes to be blocked by the collapsed material. Because tunnel collapses are generally characterized by large volumes of debris, loose and unstable material, and complex structures such as anchor bolts, anchor cables, and steel arches, rescue efforts are difficult, dangerous, and prone to secondary disasters.

[0003] When a collapse occurs, small pilot tunnels are typically dug manually to rescue trapped personnel. However, due to the loose nature of the collapsed material and limitations in the space and time available for the pilot tunnel, only simple support can be provided using sleepers. This limited support capacity makes the rescue process highly dangerous, prone to secondary accidents, and extremely difficult. Furthermore, the manual excavation method is limited by the workspace and can only utilize simple tools, resulting in high labor intensity and requiring a large number of rescue personnel to work in shifts, further increasing the rescue risks.

[0004] By constructing large-diameter rescue tunnels within the collapsed structure, communication and rescue channels for trapped personnel can be quickly established. During the drilling process, the casing can protect the borehole and prevent the rescue tunnel from collapsing, making it a safe and efficient rescue method.

[0005] Currently, large-diameter rescue drilling rigs are generally used in tunnel rescue operations. However, due to limitations in drilling technology and drilling tools, these rigs are large in size, have high requirements for the drilling site, poor adaptability to geological formations, and low drilling efficiency. When there are metal components and hard rocks in the collapsed body, a lot of time is required for drilling. Moreover, due to the limitations of the drilling tool structure and the structure of the collapsed body, the drilling trajectory is prone to deviation, which can lead to problems such as stuck drill and limited drilling depth.

[0006] The cross-sectional dimensions of mine tunnels are much smaller than those of highway tunnels, which greatly limits the use of existing rescue drilling rigs. The geological conditions of mine tunnels are also more complex, and collapse accidents are prone to occur. Currently, there are no effective rescue equipment and methods. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to solve the technical problems of low efficiency in existing roadway collapse rescue, high labor intensity of rescue personnel, high risk and poor safety in the rescue process, the purpose of this invention is to provide a large-diameter drilling equipment and construction method for underground wells.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] A large-diameter downhole drilling equipment, characterized in that it comprises a large-diameter downhole casing drilling rig, a large-diameter casing directional drilling system, a collapsed body metal detection and demolition system, and a self-propelled multi-functional rescue work cabin, wherein:

[0010] The large-diameter casing drilling rig is used to construct large-diameter horizontal holes as rescue channels;

[0011] The large-diameter casing-guided drilling system includes a gyroscope-based measurement-while-drilling system and a borehole trajectory correction system, used to adopt primary, secondary, or tertiary borehole protection modes based on the length of the collapsed body and the formation.

[0012] The gyroscope-based measurement-while-drilling system is used to monitor in real time whether the borehole trajectory deviates, ensuring efficient and rapid drilling of the first and second stage casing and casing.

[0013] The drilling trajectory correction system is used to correct the borehole trajectory in real time when deviation occurs. A guide mechanism is set at the third-stage casing head. The guide angle in the guide mechanism can be arbitrarily adjusted within a certain angle range by the offset cylinder set at the third-stage casing head, thereby realizing the switching between straightening and correction operations.

[0014] The guiding mechanism includes a large-diameter universal joint disposed between the connecting cutter head drill bit and the large-diameter spiral drill rod, which can transmit large torque and deflect at any angle with the guide sleeve head.

[0015] The collapsed body metal detection and collapse body demolition system mainly includes a metal detection system and a collapsed body metal demolition system; wherein:

[0016] The metal detection system includes an electromagnetic antenna, a data acquisition system, and three-dimensional inversion software, used for precise detection of metal components in the collapsed body to determine their accurate location and size; wherein:

[0017] The electromagnetic antenna detects metal signals, and the data acquisition system uses focused electrical method to analyze and process the metal signals to determine the accurate location and size of the metal components. The three-dimensional inversion software system images and displays the distribution of the metal components in the collapsed body based on the focused electrical method and electromagnetic antenna detection data, providing a basis for the demolition of the metal components.

[0018] The collapsed metal demolition system is used to achieve rapid cutting of metal components, and mainly includes a hydraulic cutting head, a hydraulic cutting pipeline system, a high-pressure water source system, a sand mixing system, and a control system, wherein:

[0019] The hydraulic cutting head is arranged at the front end of the drill bit. The rotation of the drill bit drives the hydraulic cutting head to rotate. When the drill bit encounters a metal component, the hydraulic cutting head cuts the metal component.

[0020] The hydraulic cutting pipeline system consists of multiple quick-connect pipes that provide high-pressure sand-mixing water to the hydraulic cutting head.

[0021] The high-pressure water source system provides a high-pressure water source for the hydraulic cutting system;

[0022] The sand mixing system can mix cutting sand into high-pressure water. The sand mixing system is equipped with cutting sand of different specifications and materials, which can be switched according to the material and specifications of the metal components.

[0023] The control system can control the flow rate and pressure of the high-pressure water source, as well as the amount and type of sand mixed in the sand mixing system, based on parameters such as metal detection results and pipeline connection status.

[0024] The self-moving multi-functional rescue operation cabin is used to ensure the safe lifting of personnel from the manned cabin, and also serves as an auxiliary obstacle clearing tool at the bottom of the rescue hole.

[0025] According to the present invention, the downhole large-diameter casing drilling rig includes a dual-rotation high-torque power head, a combined feed device, a rapid hoisting system, a clamping and straightening system, a support system, an electro-hydraulic dual-control remote control system, a tracked vehicle body, and a power vehicle; wherein:

[0026] The dual-rotation high-torque power head is used to achieve large output torque in a small volume, improve drilling length and the ability to handle accidents in the hole. The dual-rotation high-torque power head and the clamping and straightening system are located on the upper guide rail surface of the combined feeding device. The lower part of the rapid hoisting system is hinged to the chassis of the tracked vehicle body, and the support system is located on the lower end surface of the combined feeding device.

[0027] The dual-rotation high-torque power head has an inner tube power head and an outer tube power head. The spindle of the inner tube power head is connected to the hexagonal inner spiral drill rod and the front cutter head via a quick-connect method. The outer tube power head is connected to the spindle of the outer tube via a quick-connect method. The inner tube power head drives the spiral drill rod and the front cutter head, while the outer tube power head drives the outer tube. The inner and outer tube power heads rotate independently in both directions, enabling the inner tube power head to quickly cut the collapsed body, the outer tube power head to reduce drag and follow up, and the inner and outer tube power heads to cooperate for rapid slag removal.

[0028] The combined feeding device employs two sets of feeding cylinders to drive the inner tube power head and the outer tube power head respectively. The cylinder rod end of the inner tube feeding cylinder is mounted on the clamping and centralizing device, and the cylinder barrel end is mounted on the inner tube power head. The cylinder rod end of the outer tube feeding cylinder is mounted on the clamping and centralizing device, and the cylinder barrel end is mounted on the outer tube power head. The cylinder barrel of the inner tube feeding cylinder passes through the housing of the outer tube power head. The extension and retraction of the inner tube feeding cylinder and the outer tube feeding cylinder realize the independent feeding and lifting of the two power heads, which facilitates the addition and removal of the auger drill rod and the front cutter head, and adjusts the inner tube overrun.

[0029] The rapid hoisting system is a folding gantry structure used to achieve low transport height of the drilling rig. The upper outriggers can support the tunnel roof and stabilize the rapid hoisting system. In the working state, the protective anchor net is installed on the upper part of the folding arm. After the folding arm is raised, it is pushed onto the tunnel or roadway roof by the internal hydraulic cylinder, and at the same time, the protective anchor net is stabilized to achieve equipment and personnel protection within a certain range.

[0030] The clamping and straightening system includes a clamp and a straightener. The clamp is used to assist in clamping the drill string so as to quickly connect the outer casing. The straightener, as shown, straightens the auger drill rod and the front cutterhead during drilling to prevent them from tilting. Both the clamp and the straightener are variable diameter to meet the needs of multi-stage outer casing and to facilitate multi-stage casing drilling.

[0031] The support system comprises four parts: chassis support, front and rear supports, top plate support, and side supports. It provides reaction force for the feeding and pulling force of the inner and outer tubes, wherein:

[0032] The chassis support consists of four hydraulic outriggers, which enable attitude monitoring and adjustment. The front and rear supports maintain the stability of the drilling rig during drilling. The top plate support is provided by the upper outriggers of the rapid hoisting system. The side supports ensure the stability of the narrow-bodied rescue drilling rig.

[0033] The electro-hydraulic dual-control remote control system includes a near-end control system and a far-end control system for a large-diameter downhole casing drilling rig. The near-end control system uses hydraulic control, while the far-end control system uses electric remote control, realizing integrated centralized control of the drilling site. The driller can have a comprehensive understanding of the drilling site situation.

[0034] The power vehicle is located at the rear or side of the downhole large-diameter casing drilling rig, providing power to the downhole large-diameter casing drilling rig.

[0035] Specifically, the power vehicle provides a high-pressure oil source for the large-diameter casing drilling rig to drive the actuator. The power vehicle can move independently. During operation, the power vehicle is connected to the large-diameter casing drilling rig in the well via a high-pressure hose and is equipped with a high-pressure quick connector. Hydraulic filters are installed on all the high-pressure hose connection lines.

[0036] Specifically, the outer tube power head adopts a four-motor push-mill structure with a drive wheel and a large gear to achieve high torque rotation;

[0037] The inner tube power head is driven independently by an internal curve motor. The motor spindle has a hollow structure, providing the necessary power and signal transmission channel to the bottom of the hole.

[0038] Specifically, the outer tube power head adopts a large spindle through-hole design, with the through-hole diameter being larger than the diameter of the maximum diameter spiral drill rod, which is used to cooperate with multi-stage casing to realize multi-stage casing following drilling process.

[0039] The combined feeding device of the casing drilling rig adopts a combined segmented structure. Each segment of the feeding body is connected by bolts or crimping and its position is determined by locating pins.

[0040] When the downhole large-diameter casing drilling rig experiences bottom hole jamming, a power head connector is installed on the spindle of the inner casing power head. The large-diameter end of the power head connector is a spline or flange structure, which connects to the inner hole of the outer casing power head spindle. This concentrates the torque and feed / pull-out force of the two power heads onto the spindle of the outer casing power head or the spindle of the inner casing power head, changing the rotation of the inner and outer casing power heads from individual rotation to synchronous rotation, and changing the feed / pull-out force from individual feed / pull-out force to synchronous feed / pull-out force.

[0041] The lifting arm of the rapid lifting system has a hollow structure. The lifting winch is installed at the end of the lifting arm. The variable pulley, large pulley, and small pulley are all installed inside the lifting arm. The lifting wire rope is wound as follows: the rope comes out from the lifting winch, passes through the large pulley and the small pulley, and is split into two wire ropes at the lower part of the small pulley. The two wire ropes pass around the variable pulley and are connected to hooks at both ends. The lifting wire rope is driven to extend and retract by the lifting winch to realize the synchronous lowering and retraction of the hooks.

[0042] The clamping system has multiple rotatable rollers arranged radially, with the roller rotation axis parallel to the main shaft of the power head. The rollers support and straighten the outer tube, and the roller main shaft can float radially to achieve an adjustable diameter for the outer tube. The clamp has multiple slips arranged radially, which clamp the outer tube. The slips can float radially to achieve an adjustable clamping diameter for the outer tube.

[0043] Specifically, the self-propelled multi-functional rescue operation cabin includes a manned cabin, a front-facing camera, an audio device, an air monitoring device, a wheeled power unit, an electro-hydraulic drive device, a stabilization device, a bundled high-strength cable, a cable traction device, a remote monitoring console, a forced ventilation device, and a hole-bottom breaking device, wherein:

[0044] The front-facing camera, audio device, and remote monitoring station form a remote communication system for the manned cabin, which monitors the status of personnel inside the cabin in real time; the air monitoring device and forced ventilation device form a personnel protection system for the cabin, so that the manned cabin can implement forced ventilation and air monitoring and early warning when entering the bottom of the hole.

[0045] The rear part of the manned cabin is connected in series with the wheeled power unit and the electro-hydraulic drive device, respectively. The stabilizing device is set on the top of the manned cabin. The remote monitoring station drives the wheeled power unit to move the manned cabin autonomously through the electro-hydraulic drive device. At the same time, it can control the friction block of the stabilizing device to extend and press against the sleeve wall to achieve safe parking of the manned cabin.

[0046] A bundled high-strength cable and cable traction device are connected to the rear of the manned cabin to form a manned cabin anti-collision system. The cable traction device drags the manned cabin through the high-strength cable. The depth and running speed of the manned cabin in the hole are monitored and controlled by the cable extension length. The manned cabin decelerates when it approaches the bottom of the hole and brakes when it reaches the bottom of the hole to prevent accidental operation that could cause the manned cabin to collide with the bottom of the hole or rush out of the casing, resulting in casualties.

[0047] The bundled high-strength cable is made of power cable, steel wire rope, signal line, ventilation duct and wear-resistant, flame-retardant and antistatic shell. The ventilation duct is centrally located, and the power cable and signal line are symmetrically arranged around the ventilation duct at intervals, forming a support on the outside of the ventilation duct to prevent the ventilation duct from being compressed and deformed. The wear-resistant, flame-retardant and antistatic shell is located on the outside of the bundled high-strength cable.

[0048] Specifically, the hole-bottom breaking device includes a hydraulic shearing device, a hydraulic core drill, a rock splitting device, and a front-mounted assisting air leg. The electro-hydraulic drive device drives the hydraulic shearing device to cut the metal at the bottom of the hole. The hydraulic core drill is equipped with a quick-release shoulder support at the rear. One end of the front-mounted assisting air leg is installed at the rear end of the hydraulic drill, and the other end is installed on the mounting base inside the manned cabin. During the rock drilling process, it provides auxiliary propulsion for the hydraulic core drill. Through drilling with the hydraulic core drill, the rock splitting device performs static pressure splitting to break the isolated rock at the bottom of the hole.

[0049] The construction method for the aforementioned large-diameter downhole drilling equipment is characterized by the following specific steps:

[0050] Based on the type and scale of the collapsed body, large-diameter horizontal rescue boreholes are constructed using downhole large-diameter drilling equipment. For metal components in the collapsed body, metal advance detection is used to determine the approximate location and scale of the metal components. Then, the metal components are cut into smaller sizes using hydraulic cutting.

[0051] When encountering difficult-to-handle objects at the bottom of the hole, a self-moving multi-functional rescue work cabin is used to carry out auxiliary obstacle clearing operations at the bottom of the rescue hole, opening up a rescue passage for trapped personnel.

[0052] Once the rescue channel is formed, a self-propelled multi-functional rescue work cabin will be used to carry out rescue drilling and escape operations, lifting the trapped personnel out of the hole;

[0053] The auxiliary obstacle clearing operation at the bottom of the rescue hole includes the following steps:

[0054] Step 1: When the rescue hole construction is obstructed, pull back the auger drill bit inside the casing and clean the rock cuttings inside the casing.

[0055] Step 2: Hoist the manned cabin into the escape tunnel, connect the drive vehicle, high-strength cables, and cable traction device, and then run it unloaded, slowly moving it to the bottom of the hole. The front-mounted camera inside the self-moving multi-functional rescue operation cabin observes the situation inside the escape tunnel throughout the process and monitors and warns of the air quality inside the escape tunnel.

[0056] Step 3: After the manned cabin reaches the bottom of the hole, the fault situation at the bottom of the hole is investigated through a remote video system, and a manual obstacle removal plan is formulated.

[0057] Step 4: Open the air ducts laid with the manned cabin, use the ventilation system to force ventilation at the bottom of the hole, and monitor and warn of the air conditions at the bottom of the hole. After the air at the bottom of the hole is normal, force the ventilation system to shut down for a period of time and continue to monitor the air conditions.

[0058] Step 5: After confirming that the manned cabin is operating safely and that the air conditions at the bottom of the borehole are normal, the manned cabin is pulled back to the borehole opening by the traction device through a high-strength cable. According to the borehole bottom clearance plan, rescue personnel carry hydraulic shears into the manned cabin to reach the bottom of the borehole, activate the stabilization device to complete the parking brake, and activate the forced ventilation.

[0059] Step 6: Use hydraulic shears to cut the anchor bolts and cables, combine with hydraulic core drills and hydraulic rock splitters to statically break the rock, complete the removal of the isolated boulder, and return to the ground in the passenger cabin after the obstacle removal operation is completed;

[0060] The rescue drilling escape operation includes the following steps:

[0061] Step 1: After the rescue hole is completed, pull back the auger drill bit inside the casing, sweep the hole to clear rock debris from the pipe, and form an escape passage;

[0062] Step 2: Hoist the manned cabin into the escape tunnel, connect the drive vehicle, high-strength cables, and cable traction device, and then run it unloaded, slowly moving it to the bottom of the hole. The situation inside the tunnel is observed throughout the process through the front-mounted camera inside the cabin, and the air inside the tunnel is monitored and warned.

[0063] Step 3: After confirming that the manned cabin is operating safely, the manned cabin is pulled back to the opening by the traction device through a high-strength cable. Rescue personnel enter the manned cabin and reach the bottom of the opening. They then activate the stabilizing device to complete the parking brake of the manned cabin and enter the trapped area to assist the trapped personnel in entering the manned cabin.

[0064] Step 4: Deactivate the stabilization device, and use the traction device to slowly return the manned cabin while monitoring the status of the personnel inside the cabin throughout the process;

[0065] Step 5: The manned cabin moves to the opening, the stabilizing device is activated, the manned cabin parking brake is applied, and rescue personnel assist the trapped personnel to exit the manned cabin, thus completing the personnel escape.

[0066] The downhole large-diameter drilling equipment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0067] Large-diameter casing drilling rigs are used to construct large-diameter horizontal boreholes. The large-diameter casing directional drilling system enables efficient drilling and precise guidance in complex collapsed strata, ensuring that the drilling quality and trajectory meet the requirements. When drilling in a collapsed body and encountering obstacles such as anchor bolts and anchor cables, demolition tools are used for rapid demolition, improving drilling efficiency and buying time for rescue. The self-moving multi-functional rescue work cabin can ensure the safe and efficient lifting of rescued personnel. Attached Figure Description

[0068] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a large-diameter casing drilling rig.

[0069] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a dual-rotation high-torque power head structure;

[0070] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the combined feeding device.

[0071] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation location of the hoisting system;

[0072] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the hoisting system structure;

[0073] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the drilling tool assembly for first-stage drilling operations;

[0074] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a two-stage casing drilling system;

[0075] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of three-stage casing-guided drilling;

[0076] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of three-stage casing trajectory control drilling;

[0077] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the focusing electrode / antenna on the cutting head;

[0078] Figure 11 It is the result of digital simulation;

[0079] Figure 12 It is a logic diagram of the 3D inversion software;

[0080] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of a metal demolition system;

[0081] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a self-moving multi-functional rescue operation cabin;

[0082] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of a bundled high-strength cable structure;

[0083] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the hole bottom breaking device.

[0084] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0085] This embodiment provides a large-diameter downhole drilling equipment, including a large-diameter casing drilling rig, a large-diameter casing directional drilling system, a collapsed body metal detection and demolition system, and a self-propelled multi-functional rescue work cabin, wherein:

[0086] The downhole large-diameter casing drilling rig includes: a dual-rotation high-torque power head, a combined feed device, a rapid hoisting system, a clamping and straightening system, a support system, an electro-hydraulic dual-control remote control system, a tracked chassis, and a power vehicle; among which:

[0087] The dual-rotation high-torque power head has an inner tube power head and an outer tube power head. The inner tube power head drives the spiral drill rod and the front cutter head, while the outer tube power head drives the outer sleeve. The inner tube power head and the outer tube power head adopt independent bidirectional rotation, which enables the inner tube power head to quickly cut the collapsed body, the outer tube power head to reduce drag and follow up, and the inner tube power head and the outer tube power head to cooperate to quickly discharge slag.

[0088] The combined feeding device uses two sets of feeding cylinders to drive the inner tube power head and the outer tube power head respectively. The cylinder barrel end of the feeding cylinder is installed on both sides of the power head with a flange structure, and the cylinder rod end is installed on both sides of the clamp with a hinge shaft connection, so as to realize independent feeding and pulling of the two power heads, which facilitates the addition and removal of the spiral drill rod and the front cutter head, and adjusts the inner tube overrun.

[0089] The rapid hoisting system adopts a folding gantry structure to achieve low transport height of the drilling rig, and the upper outriggers can support the tunnel roof to securely install the hoisting system.

[0090] The clamping and straightening system consists of a clamp and a straightener, wherein:

[0091] The clamp can assist in clamping the auger drill rod and the front cutter head, so as to quickly connect the outer tube;

[0092] The stabilizer can straighten the auger drill rod and front cutterhead during drilling. Because the auger drill rod and front cutterhead are heavy and have long cantilever arms, they are prone to borehole trajectory deviation. The stabilizer effectively prevents this deviation. In this embodiment, both the clamp and the stabilizer are variable diameter, meeting the requirements for multi-stage outer casing passage and enabling multi-stage casing drilling.

[0093] The support system is used to provide reaction force for the inner and outer tubes during the lifting and lowering process. Its structure includes four parts: chassis support, front and rear supports, top plate support, and side supports.

[0094] The chassis support consists of four hydraulic outriggers, which enable attitude monitoring and adjustment. The front and rear supports maintain the stability of the drilling rig during drilling. The top plate support is provided by the upper outriggers of the rapid hoisting system. The side supports ensure the stability of the narrow-bodied rescue drilling rig.

[0095] The large-diameter casing drilling rig is equipped with an electro-hydraulic dual-control remote control system, which includes a near-end control system and a far-end control system for the large-diameter casing drilling rig; wherein:

[0096] The large-diameter casing drilling rig's proximal control system is hydraulically controlled to ensure the reliability of operation during rescue operations.

[0097] The remote control system of the large-diameter casing drilling rig is electrically controlled, realizing integrated centralized control of the drilling site, allowing the driller to have a comprehensive understanding of the drilling site situation.

[0098] All components and functional systems of the aforementioned large-diameter casing drilling rig are integrated onto a tracked chassis. This facilitates relocation and transportation, as each component employs a modular design and can be quickly disassembled from the tracked chassis to adapt to different tunnel conditions.

[0099] The accompanying power vehicle provides a high-pressure oil source for large-diameter casing drilling rigs to drive the actuators; the power vehicle is self-propelled, facilitating flexible on-site deployment and relocation.

[0100] The power vehicle is connected to the large-diameter downhole casing drilling rig via a high-pressure hose and is equipped with a high-pressure quick connector, enabling rapid connection and disconnection between the power vehicle and the downhole casing drilling rig. Each connecting pipeline is equipped with a hydraulic filter to prevent oil contamination during pipeline connection and improve equipment reliability.

[0101] In this embodiment, the outer tube power head adopts a four-motor push-mill structure with a drive wheel driving a large gear to achieve high torque rotation.

[0102] The inner tube power head is independently driven by an internal curved motor with a hollow motor spindle, providing the necessary power and signal transmission channels to the bottom of the hole. Thanks to the dual-rotation, high-torque power head, it achieves high output torque in a small size, improving drilling length and the ability to handle in-hole accidents. The outer tube power head features a large spindle through-hole design, with a diameter larger than the diameter of the largest diameter auger drill pipe, enabling multi-stage casing drilling in conjunction with multi-stage casing.

[0103] The modular feeding device adopts a modular segmented structure. Each segment of the feeding device is connected by a quick-connect structure and its position is determined by a positioning pin, achieving a short transport dimension and a long working stroke, and ensuring that the power head runs smoothly on the feed device guide rail.

[0104] The inner tube power head and the outer tube power head can be quickly connected through tooling, which can fix the main shafts of the two power heads relatively, and concentrate the torque and feed and pulling force of the two power heads to the main shaft of the outer tube power head or the main shaft of the inner tube power head. The inner tube power head and the outer tube power head are changed from rotating independently to rotating synchronously, and from feeding and pulling independently to feeding and pulling synchronously, which increases the bottom hole power and improves the ability to pass through complex strata and the ability to handle accidents.

[0105] The rapid hoisting system adopts intermediate hoisting to reduce the dead rope length of the wire rope, lower the overall height of the hoisting system, facilitate the drilling rig to adjust the opening height, and, in conjunction with the on-site hoisting system, enable the rapid installation of large-diameter drilling tools and improve rod replacement efficiency.

[0106] The stabilizer has multiple rollers arranged radially. The rollers are rotatable, and their rotation axis is parallel to the main shaft of the power head. The rollers support and stabilize the outer tube. The roller main shaft can float radially, allowing the outer tube to pass through with an adjustable diameter.

[0107] The clamp has multiple slips arranged radially, which clamp the outer tube. The slips can float radially, so the clamping diameter of the outer tube can be adjusted.

[0108] The large-diameter casing-guided drilling system includes: a casing-guided drilling system, a measurement-while-drilling (MWD) system, and a borehole trajectory correction system, wherein:

[0109] The casing-guided drilling system can adopt a first-level, second-level, or third-level hole protection mode according to the length of the collapsed body and the strata. The first-level and second-level casings adopt conventional drilling and casing-guided drilling technology.

[0110] Both the large-diameter casing and the large-diameter auger drill pipe adopt quick-connect fitting. The large-diameter casing uses a threaded pin quick-connect fitting, while the large-diameter auger drill pipe uses a quick-connect fitting, ensuring the rapid loading and unloading of large-diameter drilling tools.

[0111] A gyroscope-based measurement-while-drilling (MWD) system is employed to monitor borehole trajectory deviation in real time, ensuring efficient and rapid drilling of the first and second stage casing. A guiding mechanism is located at the third stage casing head; the guiding angle can be adjusted arbitrarily within a certain angle range using an offset cylinder positioned at the third stage casing head, enabling rapid switching between straight-line maintenance and deviation correction. The guiding mechanism includes a large-diameter universal joint located between the cutterhead drill bit and the large-diameter auger drill rod, transmitting high torque while allowing for arbitrary angle deviation with the casing head.

[0112] The collapse body metal detection and demolition system includes a collapse body metal component detection system and a metal component demolition system.

[0113] The metal detection system includes an electromagnetic antenna, a data acquisition system, and 3D inversion software, among which:

[0114] Electromagnetic antennas can detect weak signals from metals. The data acquisition system uses focused electrical methods to analyze and process the metal signals and uses three-dimensional inversion software to image and display the distribution of metal components.

[0115] The focused electrical resistivity method is used to conduct preliminary detection of the distribution range of metal components in the collapsed body, and to detect the approximate distribution location and size of the metal components.

[0116] Electromagnetic antenna detection can perform precise detection of metal components in a collapsed structure, and combined with focusing electrical methods, can further determine the accurate location and size of the metal components;

[0117] The 3D inversion software can perform 3D inversion of the distribution and specifications of the metal components of the collapsed body based on the detection data of focused electrical resistivity and electromagnetic antenna, providing a basis for the dismantling of the metal components.

[0118] The metal demolition system includes a hydraulic cutting head, a hydraulic cutting pipeline system, a high-pressure water source system, a sand mixing system, and a control system, among which:

[0119] The water-jet cutting head is located at the front end of the drill bit. The rotation of the drill bit drives the cutting head to rotate. When the drill bit encounters a metal component, the water-jet cutting head can cut the metal component.

[0120] The hydraulic cutting pipeline system is a multi-section quick-connect pipeline integrated into the drill bit. It can quickly complete the pipeline connection during the drill bit connection process and provide high-pressure sand-mixing water to the hydraulic cutting head integrated into the drill bit.

[0121] The high-pressure water supply system provides a high-pressure water source for the hydraulic cutting head;

[0122] The sand mixing system can mix cutting sand into high-pressure water. The sand mixing system is equipped with cutting sand of different specifications and materials, which can be switched according to the material and specifications of the metal components to improve cutting efficiency.

[0123] The control system can control the flow rate and pressure of the high-pressure water source, as well as the amount and type of sand mixed in the sand mixing system, based on parameters such as metal detection results and pipeline connection status, thereby improving the efficiency of demolition.

[0124] The self-propelled multi-functional rescue operation cabin includes a manned cabin, a front-facing camera, an audio device, an air monitoring device, a wheeled power unit, an electro-hydraulic drive device, a stabilization device, a bundled high-strength cable, a cable traction device, a remote monitoring station, a forced ventilation device, and a hole-bottom breaking device, wherein:

[0125] The front-facing camera, audio device, and remote monitoring station form a remote communication system for the manned cabin, which monitors the status of personnel inside the cabin in real time; the air monitoring device and forced ventilation device form a personnel protection system for the cabin, so that the manned cabin can implement forced ventilation and air monitoring and early warning when entering the bottom of the hole.

[0126] The rear part of the manned cabin is connected in series with the wheeled power unit and the electro-hydraulic drive device, respectively. The stabilizing device is set on the top of the manned cabin. The remote monitoring station drives the wheeled power unit to move the manned cabin autonomously through the electro-hydraulic drive device. At the same time, it can control the friction block of the stabilizing device to extend and press against the sleeve wall to achieve safe parking of the manned cabin.

[0127] A bundled high-strength cable and cable traction device are connected to the rear of the manned cabin to form a manned cabin anti-collision system. The cable traction device drags the manned cabin through the high-strength cable. The depth and running speed of the manned cabin in the hole are monitored and controlled by the cable extension length. The manned cabin decelerates when it approaches the bottom of the hole and brakes when it reaches the bottom of the hole to prevent accidental operation that could cause the manned cabin to collide with the bottom of the hole or rush out of the casing, resulting in casualties.

[0128] The rear of the manned cabin is connected to a high-strength cable and a cable traction device, forming a manned cabin anti-collision system. The cable traction device drags the manned cabin through the high-strength cable. The depth and running speed of the manned cabin in the hole are monitored and controlled by the cable extension length. This enables the manned cabin to decelerate when approaching the bottom of the hole and to stop braking when it reaches the bottom of the hole, preventing accidental operation that could cause the manned cabin to collide with the bottom of the hole or rush out of the casing, resulting in casualties.

[0129] The hole-bottom breaking device includes a hydraulic shearing device, a hydraulic core drill, a rock splitting device, and a front-mounted assisting air leg. The electro-hydraulic drive device drives the hydraulic shearing device to cut the metal at the bottom of the hole. The hydraulic core drill is equipped with a quick-release shoulder support at the rear. One end of the front-mounted assisting air leg is installed at the rear end of the hydraulic drill, and the other end is installed on the mounting base inside the manned cabin. During the rock drilling process, it provides auxiliary propulsion for the hydraulic core drill. The hydraulic core drill drills holes, and the rock splitting device performs static pressure splitting to break the isolated rock at the bottom of the hole.

[0130] The large-diameter borehole hoisting and rescue equipment described in this embodiment also includes a roadway surrounding rock hazard identification model. This model is constructed using surrounding rock data from both safe and hazardous roadways, along with data normalization and membership function methods. Furthermore, a judgment criterion is established using fuzzy membership rules. Based on this hazard identification model, the hazards within the roadway can be identified, allowing for support work without manual intervention. This ensures high safety and timely protection of personnel and equipment within the roadway.

[0131] The construction method for the aforementioned large-diameter downhole drilling equipment shall be carried out in the following manner:

[0132] When a roadway collapse occurs, depending on the type and scale of the collapsed body, a large-diameter casing drilling rig combined with a large-diameter casing directional drilling system is used to construct a large-diameter horizontal rescue borehole. For metal components in the collapsed body, metal advance detection can be used to determine the approximate location and scale of the metal components. Then, hydraulic cutting is used to cut the metal components into smaller sizes so that the auger can carry the metal components out of the hole.

[0133] When encountering difficult-to-handle bottom material during drilling, a self-propelled multi-functional rescue work cabin can be used to send rescue personnel to the bottom of the borehole. A bottom-breaking device can then be used to further manually break down the bottom of the well. By combining the above methods, an efficient and rapid rescue channel can be constructed to open a rescue passage for the trapped personnel. After the rescue channel is formed, the self-propelled multi-functional rescue work cabin can be used to lift the trapped personnel out of the borehole. During the lifting process, the personnel life support system will monitor the personnel's status and the cabin's energy environment in real time, and provide oxygen and other support to the rescued personnel when necessary.

[0134] The modular assembly of the large-diameter casing drilling rig allows it to adapt to different roadway conditions while meeting the requirements of rescue drilling operations, thus improving its adaptability to rescue environments. The large-diameter casing drilling rig, directional drilling system, and metal detection and demolition system enable efficient and rapid rescue drilling. The directional drilling system selects the drilling technique based on geological conditions and controls the drilling trajectory through measurement-while-drilling and trajectory correction systems to ensure drilling quality.

[0135] The metal detection and demolition system can detect metal components in the collapsed body and demolish them by using a hydraulic cutting head equipped with a blade. For materials at the bottom of the hole that are difficult to demolish, a self-moving multi-functional rescue work cabin can be lowered into the bottom of the hole and the tools inside the cabin can be used for manual demolition assistance.

[0136] A self-moving, multi-functional rescue operation cabin equipped with a life support system was used to rescue the trapped personnel.

[0137] This includes methods for escaping through rescue boreholes and methods for clearing obstacles from the bottom of rescue boreholes. Among these:

[0138] The auxiliary obstacle clearing operation at the bottom of the rescue hole includes the following steps:

[0139] Step 1: When the rescue hole construction is obstructed, pull back the auger drill bit inside the casing and clean the rock cuttings inside the casing.

[0140] Step 2: Hoist the manned cabin into the escape tunnel, connect the drive vehicle, high-strength cables, and cable traction device, and then run it unloaded, slowly moving it to the bottom of the hole. The front-mounted camera inside the self-moving multi-functional rescue operation cabin observes the situation inside the escape tunnel throughout the process and monitors and warns of the air quality inside the escape tunnel.

[0141] Step 3: After the manned cabin reaches the bottom of the hole, the fault situation at the bottom of the hole is investigated through a remote video system, and a manual obstacle removal plan is formulated.

[0142] Step 4: Open the air ducts laid with the manned cabin, use the ventilation system to force ventilation at the bottom of the hole, and monitor and warn of the air conditions at the bottom of the hole. After the air at the bottom of the hole is normal, force the ventilation system to shut down for a period of time and continue to monitor the air conditions.

[0143] Step 5: After confirming that the manned cabin is operating safely and that the air conditions at the bottom of the borehole are normal, the manned cabin is pulled back to the borehole opening by the traction device through a high-strength cable. According to the borehole bottom clearance plan, rescue personnel carry hydraulic shears into the manned cabin to reach the bottom of the borehole, activate the stabilization device to complete the parking brake, and activate the forced ventilation.

[0144] Step 6: Use hydraulic shears to cut the anchor bolts and cables, combine with hydraulic core drills and hydraulic rock splitters to statically break the rock, complete the removal of the isolated boulder, and return to the ground in the passenger cabin after the obstacle removal operation is completed;

[0145] The rescue drilling escape operation includes the following steps:

[0146] Step 1: After the rescue hole is completed, pull back the auger drill bit inside the casing, sweep the hole to clear rock debris from the pipe, and form an escape passage;

[0147] Step 2: Hoist the manned cabin into the escape tunnel, connect the drive vehicle, high-strength cables, and cable traction device, and then run it unloaded, slowly moving it to the bottom of the hole. The situation inside the tunnel is observed throughout the process through the front-mounted camera inside the cabin, and the air inside the tunnel is monitored and warned.

[0148] Step 3: After confirming that the manned cabin is operating safely, the manned cabin is pulled back to the opening by the traction device through a high-strength cable. Rescue personnel enter the manned cabin and reach the bottom of the opening. They then activate the stabilizing device to complete the parking brake of the manned cabin and enter the trapped area to assist the trapped personnel in entering the manned cabin.

[0149] Step 4: Deactivate the stabilization device, and use the traction device to slowly return the manned cabin while monitoring the status of the personnel inside the cabin throughout the process.

[0150] Step 5: The manned cabin moves to the opening, the stabilizing device is activated, the manned cabin parking brake is applied, and rescue personnel assist the trapped personnel to exit the manned cabin, thus completing the personnel escape.

[0151] The following is the specific implementation process provided by the inventor:

[0152] Figure 1The structural diagram of a large-diameter casing drilling rig is provided, including a dual-rotation high-torque power head 1, a combined feed device 2, a rapid hoisting system 3, a clamping and straightening system 4, a support system 5, a tracked vehicle body 6, and a power vehicle 7. During installation, the dual-rotation high-torque power head 1, the combined feed device 2, the rapid hoisting system 3, the clamping and straightening system 4, and the support system 5 are all installed on the tracked vehicle body 6, while the power vehicle 7 is placed at the rear end or one side of the large-diameter casing drilling rig to provide power to it.

[0153] The dual-rotation high-torque power head 1 is located in the combined feed device 2. The dual-rotation high-torque power head 1 drives the drill bit to rotate. The combined feed device 2 can provide feed force to the two rotating heads of the dual-rotation high-torque power head 1. Under the combined action of rotation cutting and feed force, the rock at the bottom of the hole is broken and the slag is discharged, thus realizing the drilling construction.

[0154] The rapid hoisting system 3 is hinged to the tracked vehicle body 6 via hydraulic cylinders. The height of the rapid hoisting system 3 is adjustable to adapt to different tunnel conditions. The rapid hoisting system 3 can also assist in hoisting drilling tools.

[0155] The support system 5 is installed on the lower end face of the combined feeding device 2 to provide support.

[0156] See Figure 2 In the dual-rotation high-torque power head 1, the outer tube power head 11 is driven by four drive motors 15, which are mounted on the end face of the housing. The inner tube power head is driven by one hollow motor 16, which is mounted on the end face of the housing. The inner spiral drill rod 13 is connected to the spindle of the inner tube power head 12 via a plug-in connection, and the outer tube 14 is connected to the spindle of the outer tube via a plug-in connection. When situations such as bottom hole jamming occur, a power head connector 17 is installed on the spindle of the inner tube power head. The large-diameter end of the power head connector 17 has a spline or flange structure and connects to the inner hole of the spindle of the outer tube power head 11 to transmit torque.

[0157] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the combined feeding device 2. The first feeding body 21 and the second feeding body 22 are connected by bolts or crimping. Different numbers of feeding bodies can be connected as needed to achieve different feeding strokes and adapt to roadway conditions of different sizes.

[0158] The inner tube feed cylinder has its rod end mounted on the clamping and straightening system 4, and its cylinder barrel end mounted on the inner tube power head 12. Similarly, the outer tube feed cylinder has its rod end mounted on the clamping and straightening system 4, and its cylinder barrel end mounted on the outer tube power head 11. The cylinder barrel of the inner tube feed cylinder passes through the housing of the outer tube power head 11. The extension and retraction of the inner and outer tube feed cylinders enables the separate feeding and lifting of the two power heads.

[0159] Figure 4 and Figure 5 The installation position and structure of the hoisting system are given. The folding arm 31 is hinged to the tracked chassis. One end of the folding cylinder 32 is hinged to the tracked chassis and the other end is hinged to the folding arm 31. The extension and retraction of the cylinder can realize the retraction and erection of the folding arm 31 to meet the transportation needs of low-ceilinged alleyways.

[0160] The lifting boom 39 has a hollow structure. The lifting winch 33 is installed at the end of the lifting boom 39. The large pulley 35 and the small pulley 38 are both installed inside the lifting boom 39. The first phase pulley 310 and the second phase pulley 311 are installed inside the lifting boom. There are two small pulleys 38 installed symmetrically.

[0161] The hoisting wire rope is wound as follows: the rope comes out from the hoisting winch 33, passes through the large pulley 35 and the small pulley 38, and is split into two wire ropes at the lower part of the small pulley 38. The two wire ropes pass through the first phase pulley 310 and the second phase pulley 311 respectively, and are then connected to the first hook 36 and the second hook 37 at both ends.

[0162] The hoisting wire rope is extended and retracted via the hoisting winch 33, enabling the synchronous lowering and retrieval of the first hook 36 and the second hook 37. The first hook 36 and the second hook 37 respectively suspend the two ends of the drill string, ensuring stable hoisting. Theoretically, the minimum lowering distance of the first hook 36 and the second hook 37 is zero, significantly reducing the dead rope length, lowering the overall height of the hoisting system, facilitating adjustments to the drilling rig's opening height, and, in conjunction with the on-site hoisting system, enabling rapid installation of large-diameter drill strings and improving rod replacement efficiency.

[0163] The protective anchor net 34 is installed on the upper part of the folding arm 31. After the folding arm 31 is raised, it is pushed against the roof of the tunnel or roadway by the internal hydraulic cylinder, which at the same time stabilizes the protective anchor net 34, so as to achieve protection of equipment and personnel within a certain protection range.

[0164] See Figures 6-9 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-stage casing drilling installation, including a primary casing 202, a secondary casing 206, a tertiary casing 209, a primary auger drill rod 201, a secondary auger drill rod 205, a tertiary auger drill rod 208, a gyroscope measurement-while-drilling system 203, a primary cutterhead 204, a secondary cutterhead 207, a tertiary cutterhead 210, an adjustable guide head 213, and a large-diameter universal joint 212.

[0165] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the drilling tool assembly for primary drilling operations, which includes primary casing 201, primary auger drill rod 202, gyroscope measurement-while-drilling system 203, and primary cutterhead 204, forming a primary casing drilling system.

[0166] The inner tube power head of the casing drilling rig drives the first-stage spiral drill rod 203 to rotate, and the outer tube power head of the casing drilling rig drives the first-stage casing 201. The rotation of the first-stage spiral drill rod 202 drives the first-stage cutterhead 204 to rotate and cut the rock fragments. Under the relative movement of the first-stage casing 201 and the first-stage spiral drill rod 202, the first-stage spiral drill rod 202 carries the rock cuttings out of the borehole.

[0167] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a two-stage casing drilling system, which includes a two-stage casing 206, a two-stage auger drill rod 205, a gyroscope-based measurement-while-drilling system 203, and a two-stage cutterhead 207.

[0168] When encountering situations such as borehole collapse or excessive load on the outer casing during primary drilling, secondary casing drilling can be adopted. The primary casing 202 is used for borehole protection. The secondary casing 206, secondary auger drill rod 205, gyroscope-while-drilling measurement system 203, and secondary cutterhead 207 are then lowered into the primary casing 202. The power head inside the casing drilling rig drives the secondary auger drill rod 205 to rotate, while the power head outside the casing drilling rig drives the secondary casing 206. The rotation of the secondary auger drill rod 205 drives the secondary cutterhead 207 to rotate and cut rock fragments. Under the relative motion between the secondary casing 206 and the secondary auger drill rod 205, the secondary auger drill rod 205 carries rock cuttings out of the borehole.

[0169] Figure 8 and Figure 9 It is a three-stage casing-guided drilling system, including a three-stage casing 209, an adjustable guide head 213, a three-stage auger drill rod 208, a large-diameter universal joint 212, a gyroscope-based measurement-while-drilling system 203, and a three-stage cutterhead 210.

[0170] Depending on the length of the collapsed body during downhole construction, the aforementioned primary, secondary, and tertiary casing drilling systems can be selected individually or simultaneously. Specifically, when the collapsed body length is ≤20m, the primary casing drilling system is preferred; when the collapsed body length is 20m < ≤40m, both primary and secondary casing drilling systems are selected simultaneously; and when the collapsed body length is >40m, all three systems are selected simultaneously.

[0171] The diameter of the third-stage cutter head is smaller than the inner diameter of the second-stage casing, but larger than the outer diameter of the third-stage casing. The diameter of the second-stage cutter head is smaller than the inner diameter of the first-stage casing, but larger than the outer diameter of the second-stage casing. The diameter of the first-stage cutter head is larger than the outer diameter of the first-stage casing.

[0172] The gyroscope measurement-while-drilling probe is installed inside the large-diameter auger drill pipe, near the cutterhead.

[0173] The primary and secondary cutterheads are connected to the large-diameter auger drill rod via threads, while the tertiary cutterhead is connected to the large-diameter auger drill rod via a large-diameter universal joint.

[0174] The adjustable guide head has the same outer diameter as the third-stage casing. It is installed between the third-stage cutterhead and the third-stage casing, connected via a hinge and a retractable guide cylinder. When the cylinder is fully retracted, the adjustable guide head is coaxial with the third-stage casing, and the large-diameter casing-guided drilling system is in a horizontal, straight-maintaining drilling mode. When the cylinder is fully extended, the adjustable guide head forms the maximum bending angle β with the third-stage casing, and the large-diameter casing-guided drilling system is in a full-power directional drilling mode. During actual directional drilling, the bending angle between the adjustable guide head and the third-stage casing can be arbitrarily adjusted between (0, β) according to the magnitude of the guide cylinder's extension and retraction force.

[0175] The primary, secondary, and tertiary sleeves all employ a quick-connect threaded pin connection. A spline is located on the outer wall of the male sleeve end, which mates with a keyway on the female sleeve end for rapid insertion. After insertion, the threaded holes on the male and female sleeve ends correspond one-to-one, allowing for quick fixation using the threaded pin.

[0176] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the focusing electrode / antenna on the cutter head. The electrode / antenna is placed inside the rescue hole to observe the response data of the metallic anomaly under full-space conditions. The observed data are then used for three-dimensional inversion under both uniform model constraints and high-resistivity coal seam constraints under full-space conditions (see...). Figure 11 , Figure 12 The shielding effect of high-resistivity coal seams on anomaly detection responses was analyzed.

[0177] Figure 13 This is a structural diagram of a metal demolition system, including a hydraulic cutting head 301, a hydraulic cutting pipeline system 302, a high-pressure water source system 303, a sand mixing system 304, and a control system 305.

[0178] The water jet cutting head 301 is arranged at the front end of the drill bit. The rotation of the drill bit drives the water jet cutting head to rotate. Preferably, two heads are arranged on the outer edge and center of the drill bit respectively. When the drill bit encounters a metal component, the water jet cutting head can cut the metal component. The cutting size is suitable for spiral removal.

[0179] The hydraulic cutting pipeline system 302 consists of multiple quick-connect pipelines integrated into the drill bit. It can quickly complete the pipeline connection during the drill bit connection process and provide high-pressure sand-mixing water to the hydraulic cutting head integrated into the drill bit.

[0180] The quick-connect pipeline system 302 is equipped with connecting lines that can power the bottom-of-hole metal detection equipment and serve as a signal transmission line.

[0181] The high-pressure water source system 303 provides a high-pressure water source for the hydraulic cutting head 301. The sand mixing system 304 can mix cutting sand into the high-pressure water. The sand mixing system is equipped with cutting sand of different specifications and materials, which can be switched according to the material and specifications of the metal components to improve cutting efficiency.

[0182] Figure 14 This is a diagram of a self-propelled multi-functional rescue operation cabin system, which includes an air monitoring device 401, a front-facing camera 402, a stabilization device 403, an electro-hydraulic drive device 404, a remote monitoring console 405, an audio device 406, a hole-bottom breaking device 407, a manned cabin 408, a wheeled power unit 409, a bundled high-strength cable 410, a cable traction device 411, and a forced ventilation device 412.

[0183] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a bundled high-strength cable, which includes a power cable 4101, a steel wire rope 4102, a signal line 4103, a ventilation duct 4104, and a wear-resistant, flame-retardant, and antistatic outer shell 4105.

[0184] Figure 16 It is a component of the hole bottom breaking device, including hydraulic core drill 4071, quick-release shoulder support 4072, and front-mounted power-assisted air leg 4073.

[0185] It should be noted that the above embodiments are merely preferred examples, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Any additions or simple substitutions made by those skilled in the art to the technical features of the technical solution of this application without creative effort shall fall within the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A construction method for a large-diameter downhole drilling rig, characterized in that, The downhole large-diameter drilling equipment includes a large-diameter casing drilling rig, a large-diameter casing directional drilling system, a collapsed body metal detection and demolition system, and a self-propelled multi-functional rescue work cabin, wherein: The large-diameter casing drilling rig is used to construct large-diameter horizontal holes as rescue channels; The large-diameter casing drilling rig includes a dual-rotation high-torque power head, a combined feed device, a rapid hoisting system, a clamping and straightening system, a support system, an electro-hydraulic dual-control remote control system, a tracked chassis, and a power vehicle; wherein: The dual-rotation high-torque power head is used to achieve large output torque in a small volume, improve drilling length and the ability to handle accidents in the hole. The dual-rotation high-torque power head and the clamping and straightening system are located on the upper guide rail surface of the combined feeding device. The lower part of the rapid hoisting system is hinged to the chassis of the tracked vehicle body, and the support system is located on the lower end surface of the combined feeding device. The dual-rotation high-torque power head consists of an inner tube power head and an outer tube power head. The outer tube power head is driven by four drive motors, all of which are mounted on the end face of the housing. The inner tube power head is driven by one hollow motor, which is also mounted on the end face of the housing. The spindle of the inner tube power head is connected to the hexagonal inner spiral drill rod and the front cutter head via a quick-connect coupling. The outer tube power head is connected to the spindle of the outer tube via a quick-connect coupling. The inner tube power head drives the spiral drill rod and the front cutter head, while the outer tube power head drives the outer tube. The inner and outer tube power heads rotate independently in both directions, enabling the inner tube power head to quickly cut the collapsed body, while the outer tube power head reduces drag and follows up. The inner and outer tube power heads work together to quickly discharge slag. The outer tube power head adopts a four-motor push-mill structure with a drive wheel and a large gear to achieve high torque rotation; the inner tube power head adopts an independent drive of an inner curve motor, and the motor spindle has a hollow structure to provide a power and signal transmission channel to the bottom of the hole. The outer tube power head adopts a large spindle through-hole design, with the through-hole diameter being larger than the diameter of the maximum diameter spiral drill rod, which is used to cooperate with multi-stage casing to realize multi-stage casing following drilling process; The combined feeding device consists of two sets of feeding cylinders that drive the inner and outer tube power heads respectively. The rod end of the inner tube feeding cylinder is mounted on the clamping and centralizing device, and the cylinder end is mounted on the inner tube power head. The rod end of the outer tube feeding cylinder is mounted on the clamping and centralizing device, and the cylinder end is mounted on the outer tube power head. The cylinder of the inner tube feeding cylinder passes through the housing of the outer tube power head. The extension and retraction of the inner and outer tube feeding cylinders enable independent feeding and lifting of the two power heads, facilitating the addition and removal of the auger drill rod and the front cutter head, and adjusting the inner tube overrun. The combined feeding device adopts a combined segmented structure, with each segment of the feeding body connected by bolts or crimping and positioned using locating pins. When the large-diameter casing drilling rig experiences bottom hole jamming, a power head connector is installed on the spindle of the inner casing power head. The large-diameter end of the power head connector is a spline or flange structure, which connects to the inner hole of the spindle of the outer casing power head. This concentrates the torque and feed / pull-out force of the two power heads onto the spindle of the outer casing power head or the spindle of the inner casing power head, changing the rotation of the inner and outer casing power heads from individual rotation to synchronous rotation, and changing the feed / pull-out force from individual feed / pull-out force to synchronous feed / pull-out force. The rapid hoisting system is a folding gantry structure used to achieve low transport height for the drilling rig. The upper outriggers can support the tunnel roof, stabilizing the rapid hoisting system. In the working state, the protective anchor net is installed on the upper part of the folding arm. After the folding arm is raised, it is pushed against the tunnel or roadway roof by internal hydraulic cylinders, simultaneously stabilizing the protective anchor net. The hoisting arm of the rapid hoisting system has a hollow structure. The hoisting winch is installed at the end of the hoisting arm. The variable-phase pulley, large pulley, and small pulley are all installed inside the hoisting arm. The hoisting wire rope is wound as follows: the rope comes out from the hoisting winch, passes through the large pulley and the small pulley, and is split into two wire ropes at the lower part of the small pulley. The two wire ropes are respectively wrapped around the variable-phase pulley and connected to hooks at both ends. The hoisting wire rope is driven by the hoisting winch to extend and retract, realizing the synchronous lowering and retrieval of the hooks. The clamping and straightening system includes a clamp and a straightener. The clamp assists in clamping the drill string for quick connection to the outer casing. During drilling, the straightener straightens the auger and the front cutterhead, preventing them from tilting. Both the clamp and the straightener are variable-diameter, enabling multi-stage casing drilling. The clamping and straightening system has multiple rotatable rollers arranged radially, with their rotation axes parallel to the power head spindle. The rollers support and straighten the outer casing, and their spindles can float radially, allowing for adjustable outer casing diameter. The clamp has multiple slips arranged radially, which clamp the outer casing. These slips can also float radially, allowing for adjustable outer casing clamping diameter. The support system comprises four parts: chassis support, front and rear supports, top plate support, and side supports. It provides reaction force for the feeding and pulling force of the inner and outer tubes, wherein: The chassis support consists of four hydraulic outriggers to monitor and adjust the attitude; the front and rear supports maintain the stability of the drilling rig during drilling; the top plate support is provided by the upper outriggers of the rapid hoisting system; and the side supports ensure the stability of the narrow-bodied rescue drilling rig. The electro-hydraulic dual-control remote control system includes a near-end control system and a far-end control system for a large-diameter downhole casing drilling rig. The near-end control system uses hydraulic control, while the far-end control system uses electric remote control, realizing integrated centralized control of the drilling site. The driller can have a comprehensive understanding of the drilling site situation. The power vehicle is located at the rear or side of the downhole large-diameter casing drilling rig and provides power to the downhole large-diameter casing drilling rig. The power vehicle provides a high-pressure oil source for the large-diameter casing drilling rig to drive the actuator. The power vehicle can move independently. When working, the power vehicle is connected to the large-diameter casing drilling rig in the well via a high-pressure hose and is equipped with a high-pressure quick connector. The high-pressure hose connection is equipped with a hydraulic filter. The large-diameter casing-guided drilling system includes a gyroscope-based measurement-while-drilling system and a borehole trajectory correction system, used to adopt primary, secondary, or tertiary borehole protection modes based on the length of the collapsed body and the formation. The gyroscope-based measurement-while-drilling system is used to monitor in real time whether the borehole trajectory deviates, so as to ensure efficient and rapid drilling of the first and second stage casing and casing. The drilling trajectory correction system is used to correct the borehole trajectory in real time when deviation occurs. A guide mechanism is set at the third-stage casing head. The guide angle in the guide mechanism can be arbitrarily adjusted within a certain angle range by the offset cylinder set at the third-stage casing head, thereby realizing the switching between straightening and correction operations. The guiding mechanism includes a large-diameter universal joint disposed between the connecting cutter head drill bit and the large-diameter spiral drill rod, which can transmit large torque while being able to deflect at any angle with the guide sleeve head; Specifically, depending on the length of the collapsed body, a primary, secondary, or tertiary casing drilling system may be selected, either individually or simultaneously. Specifically: when the collapsed body length is ≤20m, a primary casing drilling system is selected; when the collapsed body length is 20m < ≤40m, both primary and secondary casing drilling systems are selected; when the collapsed body length is >40m, all three systems are selected simultaneously. The primary casing drilling system includes a primary casing, a primary spiral drill rod, a gyroscope-based measurement-while-drilling system, and a primary cutterhead, forming the primary casing drilling system. The power head inside the casing drilling rig drives the primary spiral drill rod to rotate, and the power head outside the casing drilling rig drives the primary casing. The rotation of the primary spiral drill rod drives the primary cutterhead to rotate and cut the rock fragments. Under the relative motion between the primary casing and the primary spiral drill rod, the primary spiral drill rod carries the rock cuttings out of the borehole. The secondary casing drilling system includes a secondary casing, a secondary auger drill rod, a gyroscope-based measurement-while-drilling system, and a secondary cutterhead. When encountering borehole collapse or excessive external casing load during primary drilling, secondary casing drilling is employed. The primary casing is used for borehole protection, and the secondary casing, auger drill rod, gyroscope-based measurement-while-drilling system, and secondary cutterhead are installed inside the primary casing. The power head inside the casing drill rig drives the secondary auger drill rod to rotate, while the power head outside the casing drill rig drives the secondary casing. The rotation of the secondary auger drill rod drives the secondary cutterhead to rotate and cut rock fragments. Under the relative motion between the secondary casing and the secondary auger drill rod, the secondary auger drill rod carries the rock cuttings out of the borehole. The three-stage casing steerable drilling system includes a three-stage casing, an adjustable steerable head, a three-stage auger drill pipe, a large-diameter universal joint, a gyroscope-based measurement-while-drilling (MWD) system, and a three-stage cutterhead. The diameter of the three-stage cutterhead is smaller than the inner diameter of the two-stage casing but larger than its outer diameter. The diameter of the two-stage cutterhead is smaller than the inner diameter of the one-stage casing but larger than its outer diameter. The diameter of the one-stage cutterhead is larger than its outer diameter. The gyroscope-based MWD probe is installed within the inner diameter of the large-diameter auger drill pipe, near the cutterhead. The one-stage and two-stage cutterheads are threaded to the large-diameter auger drill pipe, and the three-stage cutterhead is threaded to the large-diameter auger drill pipe via the large-diameter universal joint. The adjustable steerable head has the same outer diameter as the three-stage casing and is installed between the three-stage cutterhead and the three-stage casing, connected by a hinge and a... The telescopic guide cylinder is connected to the three-stage casing. When the guide cylinder is fully retracted, the adjustable guide head is coaxial with the three-stage casing, and the large-diameter casing guide drilling system is in horizontal and straight drilling mode. When the guide cylinder is fully extended, the adjustable guide head and the three-stage casing form the maximum bending angle β, and the large-diameter casing guide drilling system is in full-force directional drilling mode. During actual directional drilling, the bending angle between the adjustable guide head and the three-stage casing can be arbitrarily adjusted between (0, β) according to the magnitude of the telescopic force of the guide cylinder. The first, second, and third-stage casings all adopt a threaded pin quick-connect connection method. A spline is provided on the outer wall of the casing male, which matches the keyway provided on the end of the casing female to achieve quick insertion. After insertion, the threaded holes on the casing male and casing female are quickly fixed by threaded pins. The collapsed body metal detection and demolition system mainly includes a metal detection system and a collapsed body metal demolition system; wherein: The metal detection system includes an electromagnetic antenna, a data acquisition system, and three-dimensional inversion software, which is used to perform detailed detection of metal components in the collapsed body and determine the accurate location and size of the metal components. The electromagnetic antenna detects metal signals, and the data acquisition system uses focused electrical method to analyze and process the metal signals to determine the accurate location and size of the metal components. The three-dimensional inversion software displays the distribution location of the collapsed metal components based on the focused electrical method and electromagnetic antenna detection data, providing a basis for the demolition of the metal components. The collapsed metal demolition system is used to achieve rapid cutting of metal components, and mainly includes a hydraulic cutting head, a hydraulic cutting pipeline system, a high-pressure water source system, a sand mixing system, and a control system, wherein: The hydraulic cutting head is arranged at the front end of the drill bit. The rotation of the drill bit drives the hydraulic cutting head to rotate. When the drill bit encounters a metal component, the hydraulic cutting head cuts the metal component. The hydraulic cutting pipeline system consists of multiple quick-connect pipes that provide high-pressure sand-mixing water to the hydraulic cutting head. The high-pressure water source system provides a high-pressure water source for the hydraulic cutting system; The sand mixing system mixes cutting sand into high-pressure water. The sand mixing system is equipped with cutting sand of different specifications and materials, which can be switched according to the material and specifications of the metal components. The control system controls the flow rate and pressure of the high-pressure water source, as well as the amount and type of sand mixed in the sand mixing system, based on the metal detection results and pipeline connection parameters. The self-propelled multi-functional rescue work cabin is used to ensure the safe lifting of personnel from the manned cabin and to assist in clearing obstacles at the bottom of the rescue hole. It includes a hole bottom breaking device, which consists of a hydraulic shearing device, a hydraulic core drill, a rock splitting device, and a front-mounted assisting air leg. An electro-hydraulic drive device drives the hydraulic shearing device to cut the metal at the bottom of the hole. The hydraulic core drill is equipped with a quick-release shoulder support at the rear. One end of the front-mounted assisting air leg is installed at the rear end of the hydraulic drill, and the other end is installed on the mounting base inside the manned cabin. During rock drilling, it provides auxiliary propulsion for the hydraulic core drill. The hydraulic core drill drills holes, and the rock splitting device performs static pressure splitting to break the isolated rock at the bottom of the hole. The self-propelled multi-functional rescue operation cabin also includes a manned cabin, a front-facing camera, an audio device, an air monitoring device, a wheeled power unit, an electro-hydraulic drive unit, a stabilization device, a bundled high-strength cable, a cable traction device, a remote monitoring station, and a forced ventilation device, wherein: The front-facing camera, audio device, and remote monitoring station form a remote communication system for the manned cabin, which monitors the status of personnel inside the cabin in real time; the air monitoring device and forced ventilation device form a personnel protection system for the cabin, so that the manned cabin can implement forced ventilation and air monitoring and early warning when entering the bottom of the hole. The rear part of the manned cabin is connected in series with the wheeled power unit and the electro-hydraulic drive device, respectively. The stabilizing device is set on the top of the manned cabin. The remote monitoring station drives the wheeled power unit to move the manned cabin autonomously through the electro-hydraulic drive device. At the same time, it can control the friction block of the stabilizing device to extend and press against the sleeve wall to achieve safe parking of the manned cabin. A bundled high-strength cable and cable traction device are connected to the rear of the manned cabin to form a manned cabin anti-collision system. The cable traction device drags the manned cabin through the high-strength cable. The depth and running speed of the manned cabin in the hole are monitored and controlled by the cable extension length. The manned cabin decelerates when it approaches the bottom of the hole and brakes when it reaches the bottom of the hole to prevent the manned cabin from hitting the bottom of the hole or rushing out of the sleeve due to misoperation, causing casualties. The bundled high-strength cable is made of power cable, steel wire rope, signal line, ventilation duct and wear-resistant, flame-retardant and antistatic shell; wherein, the ventilation duct is arranged in the center, and the power cable and signal line are arranged symmetrically around the ventilation duct at intervals, forming a support on the outside of the ventilation duct to prevent the ventilation duct from being compressed and deformed, and the wear-resistant, flame-retardant and antistatic shell is located on the outside of the bundled high-strength cable. The construction method shall be carried out in the following manner: Based on the type and scale of the collapsed body, large-diameter horizontal rescue boreholes are constructed using downhole large-diameter drilling equipment. For metal components in the collapsed body, the location and scale of the metal components are determined by metal advance detection, and then the metal components are cut into smaller sizes using hydraulic cutting. When encountering difficult-to-handle objects at the bottom of the hole, a self-moving multi-functional rescue work cabin is used to carry out auxiliary obstacle clearing operations at the bottom of the rescue hole, opening up a rescue passage for trapped personnel. Once the rescue channel is formed, a self-propelled multi-functional rescue work cabin will be used to carry out rescue drilling and escape operations, lifting the trapped personnel out of the hole; The auxiliary obstacle clearing operation at the bottom of the rescue hole includes the following steps: Step 1: When the rescue hole construction is obstructed, pull back the auger drill bit inside the casing and clean the rock cuttings inside the casing. Step 2: Hoist the manned cabin into the escape tunnel, connect the drive vehicle, high-strength cables, and cable traction device, and then run it unloaded, slowly moving it to the bottom of the hole. The front-mounted camera inside the self-moving multi-functional rescue operation cabin observes the situation inside the escape tunnel throughout the process and monitors and warns of the air quality inside the escape tunnel. Step 3: After the manned cabin reaches the bottom of the hole, the fault situation at the bottom of the hole is investigated through a remote video system, and a manual obstacle removal plan is formulated. Step 4: Open the air ducts laid with the manned cabin, use the ventilation system to force ventilation at the bottom of the hole, and monitor and warn of the air conditions at the bottom of the hole. After the air at the bottom of the hole is normal, force the ventilation system to shut down for a period of time and continue to monitor the air conditions. Step 5: After confirming that the manned cabin is operating safely and that the air conditions at the bottom of the hole are normal, the manned cabin is pulled back to the hole opening by a cable traction device through a high-strength cable. According to the hole bottom clearing plan, rescue personnel carry hydraulic shears into the manned cabin to reach the bottom of the hole, activate the stabilization device to complete the parking brake, and activate the forced ventilation. Step 6: Use hydraulic shears to cut the anchor bolts and cables, combine with hydraulic core drills and hydraulic rock splitters to statically break the rock, complete the removal of the isolated boulder, and return to the ground in the passenger cabin after the obstacle removal operation is completed; The rescue drilling escape operation includes the following steps: Step 1: After the rescue hole is completed, pull back the auger drill bit inside the casing, sweep the hole to clear rock debris from the pipe, and form an escape passage; Step 2: Hoist the manned cabin into the escape tunnel, connect the drive vehicle, high-strength cables, and cable traction device, and then run it unloaded, slowly moving it to the bottom of the hole. The situation inside the tunnel is observed throughout the process through the front-facing camera inside the manned cabin, and the air inside the tunnel is monitored and warned. Step 3: After confirming that the manned cabin is operating safely, the manned cabin is pulled back to the opening by the cable traction device through a high-strength cable. Rescue personnel enter the manned cabin and reach the bottom of the opening. They then activate the stabilizing device to complete the parking brake of the manned cabin and enter the trapped area to assist the trapped personnel in entering the manned cabin. Step 4: Close the stabilization device, and use the cable traction device to slowly return the manned cabin while monitoring the status of the personnel inside the cabin throughout the process; Step 5: The manned cabin moves to the opening, the stabilizing device is activated, the manned cabin parking brake is applied, and rescue personnel assist the trapped personnel to exit the manned cabin, thus completing the personnel escape.

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