A tool and method for machining a narrow and deep groove with micron-level precision

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of tools and solve the narrow deep groove machining method of mu level precision.The present application includes in the special-shaped tool bar is loaded into adjustable boring tool handle;Adjust the processing diameter of boring tool, accurately control processing diameter by the position of fine adjustment sliding block in sliding groove.The tool with adjusted diameter is loaded to machine tool spindle, first carries out idle test tool, confirms that there is no abnormal vibration and deviation in the rotation process of blade;The rotational speed, feed speed and cutting depth of machine tool are set, and the parameters are adjusted according to the hardness of material and processing depth;Before starting processing, carry out simulation operation, tool starts boring outer circle, and adjust in time to prevent tool deviation;After depth reaches design requirement, execute tool directional instruction, let tool be positioned after pre-set angle, and exit, to avoid non-cutting collision of tool and workpiece.Processing efficiency is improved, vibration and wear are reduced, the adaptability and adjustability of tool are enhanced, and the quality of workpiece is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of machining, in particular to a cutter and a machining method for solving narrow and deep groove machining with micron-level precision. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, for the structure of high-precision (micron-level tolerance) aviation parts, due to the existence of deep groove structure in some parts, the rigidity of the general hard alloy milling cutter is weak, the efficiency of machining high-precision deep groove structure aviation parts is extremely low, and the high-precision requirement cannot be met, which leads to surface vibration of the parts, poor quality, and high dependence of part machining on high-precision machine tools, limiting the flexibility of machining. SUMMARY

[0003] Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the present application is to overcome the problems of low machining quality and efficiency of hard alloy milling cutter machining high-precision deep groove structure aviation parts due to weak rigidity and the problem of using ordinary milling cutter to machine such parts.

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a cutter, comprising:

[0005] a special-shaped cutter bar;

[0006] a blade connected to the lower end of the special-shaped cutter bar, the relief angle of the blade is 0.08°, and the blade is passivated;

[0007] an adjustable boring tool holder connected to the upper end of the special-shaped cutter bar.

[0008] In an embodiment of the present application, the special-shaped cutter bar is circumferentially distributed with a plurality of unevenly distributed shock absorption holes.

[0009] In an embodiment of the present application, the shock absorption holes are provided with four, and the included angle of the central axes of adjacent shock absorption holes is 97°, 85°, 93° and 85° in turn.

[0010] In an embodiment of the present application, the adjustable boring tool holder is provided with a sliding groove, a sliding block is arranged in the sliding groove, the special-shaped cutter bar comprises a connecting rod connected with the sliding block, the adjustable boring tool holder is connected with an adjusting screw, and the sliding block is slid in the sliding groove by rotating the adjusting screw to adjust the machining diameter.

[0011] In an embodiment of the present application, the blade is provided with a connecting hole, and the blade is connected with the lower end of the special-shaped cutter bar through the connecting hole and a clamping screw.

[0012] In an embodiment of the present application, the thickness of the blade is 9mm, and the depth is 105mm.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present application, the nose radius of the insert is 1 / 5 of the desired groove radius.

[0014] A tool and a method for machining a narrow and deep groove with micron-level precision, comprising the following steps:

[0015] Before the special-shaped tool bar is installed in the adjustable boring tool holder, check the insert connecting hole and screw to ensure that the insert is firmly connected with the special-shaped tool bar without looseness;

[0016] Adjust the adjusting screw and sliding block on the adjustable boring tool holder to set the machining diameter of the boring tool, and accurately control the machining diameter by fine-tuning the position of the sliding block in the sliding groove;

[0017] Load the tool with the adjusted diameter onto the spindle of the machine tool, first perform an idle test, and confirm that there is no abnormal vibration or deviation of the insert during rotation;

[0018] Set the speed, feed rate and cutting depth of the machine tool, adjust the parameters according to the hardness of the material and the machining depth, set the cooling liquid flow rate to reduce tool wear and improve the quality of the machined surface;

[0019] Load the NC program, perform a simulation run before starting the machining, and start the machining after ensuring that the program is correct;

[0020] Lower the tool to start boring the outer circle, monitor the machining process to ensure that the tool moves according to the preset trajectory, and adjust in time to prevent tool deviation;

[0021] After the depth reaches the design requirement, execute the tool orientation instruction to position the tool at the preset angle and then exit to avoid non-cutting collision between the tool and the workpiece;

[0022] After the machining is completed, use a gauge to detect the machined diameter to ensure that the machining size and precision meet the micron-level requirements.

[0023] The above technical solutions of the present application have the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0024] The tool and the method for machining a narrow and deep groove with micron-level precision according to the present application ensure machining precision, improve machining efficiency, reduce vibration and wear, enhance the adaptability and adjustability of the tool, and improve the quality of the workpiece.

[0025] The insert of the present application has excellent design, the special negative rake angle design (0.08°) allows the nose to directly contact the surface of the part for machining, while traditional negative rake angle inserts may cause extrusion and size out-of-tolerance. In addition, the passivation treatment of the insert can remove micro-notches and high points on the cutting edge, improve the smoothness of the machined surface, and achieve the machining requirements of micron-level tolerance.

[0026] The special-shaped tool shank design of the application is equipped with special damping holes, which significantly improves the vibration problem in the machining process, thereby improving the machining quality and speed. The use of internal cooling cutting fluid in the spindle of the machine tool further increases the surface finish of the part and the life of the tool, thereby improving the production efficiency.

[0027] The diameter design of the special-shaped tool shank of the application is compatible with the standard adjustable boring tool shank, which can quickly replace different specifications of tools and easily ensure high-precision machining through fine adjustment, increasing the flexibility and adaptability of machine tool work.

[0028] The special-shaped structure design of the tool shank enhances the overall rigidity, combined with four irregularly distributed damping holes, which can significantly reduce the vibration during machining, ensuring long-term stable and accurate machining.

[0029] The application can accurately adjust the machining diameter through the sliding groove, sliding block and adjusting screw on the adjustable boring tool shank, meet different machining requirements, provide a larger adjustment range and fine adjustment ability.

[0030] The tool shank design of the application has a through hole, so that the cutting fluid can directly reach the cutting area for timely cooling, which not only helps to improve the surface finish of the machining surface, but also prolongs the service life of the tool.

[0031] After using the method of the application, the outer circle runout can be within 0.003mm, and the smoothness can be within Ra0.4, which improves the surface quality of the workpiece.

[0032] The tool and method provided by the application can realize high-precision machining on ordinary machine tools, reducing the dependence on high-precision machine tools, thereby reducing manufacturing costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to make the content of the application more easily understood, the application will be further described in detail below according to specific embodiments of the application and in conjunction with the drawings.

[0034] Figure 1 is a schematic view of the tool structure of the application.

[0035] Figure 2 is Figure 1 A-A sectional view.

[0036] Figure 3 is a tool insert structure diagram of the application.

[0037] Figure 4 is a special-shaped tool shank structure sectional view of the application.

[0038] Figure 5 is a structure diagram of the adjustable boring tool shank of the application.

[0039] Figure 6 Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a deep groove structure part to be processed according to the present application.

[0040] Figure 7 Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a narrow deep groove structure with micro-level precision of a tool processing part according to the present application.

[0041] Explanation of reference signs in the drawings:

[0042] 1. Blade

[0043] 2. Tightening screw

[0044] 3. Special-shaped tool bar

[0045] 4. Adjustable boring tool holder

[0046] 5. Adjusting screw

[0047] 6. Shock absorption hole DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present application and implement it.

[0049] In the present application, if there is a description of a direction (up, down, left, right, front and back), it is only for the purpose of facilitating the description of the technical solution of the present application, and is not intended to indicate or imply that the indicated technical features must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0050] In the present application, the meaning of "several" is one or more, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, and "greater than", "less than", "exceeding" and the like are understood as not including the number; "above", "below", "within" and the like are understood as including the number. In the description of the present application, if there is a description of "first" and "second", it is only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the sequence of indicated technical features.

[0051] In the present application, unless otherwise explicitly limited, the words "set", "mount", "connect" and the like should be broadly understood, for example, they can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; can be fixedly connected, or can be detachably connected, or can be integrally formed; can be mechanically connected, or can be electrically connected or capable of communicating with each other; can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. Those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above words in the present application in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0052] ReferenceFigure 6 As shown in the drawings, since the part groove is only 9.5mm wide and 104.3 deep, a general external cylindrical boring cutter cannot process this structure. Figures 1 to 6 As shown in the drawings, the embodiment provides a cutter, which comprises:

[0053] a special-shaped cutter shank 3;

[0054] a blade 1 connected to the lower end of the special-shaped cutter shank 3, the blade 1 has a relief angle of 0.08°, and the blade 1 is passivated;

[0055] an adjustable boring cutter shank 4 connected to the upper end of the special-shaped cutter shank 3.

[0056] Since the standard turning tool blade 1 has a negative relief angle, the blade 1 will first touch the part during processing, resulting in extrusion force in the production process and causing the machining size to be out of tolerance, the blade 1 is ground to have a special relief angle of 0.08°, so that the blade 1 can process the part surface, and then the blade 1 is passivated.

[0057] The diameter of the special-shaped cutter shank is Φ16mm, which can be mounted on a standard adjustable boring cutter shank, facilitating size adjustment and ensuring high-precision size of the part.

[0058] Specifically, the special-shaped cutter shank 3 is circumferentially provided with a plurality of unevenly distributed shock absorption holes 6, which play a shockproof role.

[0059] Specifically, the four shock absorption holes 6 have central axes that are sequentially at an angle of 97°, 85°, 93° and 85°.

[0060] Specifically, the adjustable boring cutter shank 4 is provided with a sliding groove, the sliding groove is provided with a sliding block, the special-shaped cutter shank 3 comprises a connecting rod connected to the sliding block, the adjustable boring cutter shank 4 is connected with an adjusting screw 5, and the sliding block is caused to slide in the sliding groove by rotating the adjusting screw 5, so as to adjust the processing diameter.

[0061] Specifically, the blade 1 is provided with a connecting hole, and the blade 1 is connected to the lower end of the special-shaped cutter shank 3 through the connecting hole and a clamping screw 2.

[0062] Specifically, the blade 1 body part is thin, with a thickness of 9 mm and a depth of 105 mm.

[0063] The blade 1 is designed according to the size of the part root R angle, with a tolerance of 1 / 5 of the part root R angle, and is modified from a standard lathe blade 1; one M2.5 internal hexagonal flat end locking screw 2 is used to fix the blade 1 on the special-shaped tool bar 3; two M10 internal hexagonal flat end locking screws 2 are used to lock the special-shaped tool bar 3 and the adjustable boring tool holder 4 together; the standard adjustable boring tool holder 4 facilitates fine adjustment of the size and ensures high-precision size of the part.

[0064] The embodiment also provides a tool and a method for machining a narrow and deep groove with a micron-level precision, which comprises the following steps:

[0065] S1, before the special-shaped tool bar 3 is loaded into the adjustable boring tool holder 4, the blade 1 connecting hole and the screw are checked to ensure that the blade 1 is stably connected with the special-shaped tool bar 3 without loosening;

[0066] S2, the adjusting screw 5 and the sliding block on the adjustable boring tool holder 4 are adjusted to set the machining diameter of the boring tool, and the machining diameter is accurately controlled by fine adjustment of the position of the sliding block in the sliding groove;

[0067] S3, the tool with the adjusted diameter is loaded onto the main shaft of the machine tool, and the tool is first tested in an idle running mode to confirm that the blade 1 does not abnormally vibrate or deviate during rotation;

[0068] S4, the rotating speed, the feeding speed and the cutting depth of the machine tool are set, the parameters are adjusted according to the hardness of the material and the machining depth, the flow of the cooling liquid is set to reduce the wear of the tool and improve the quality of the machined surface;

[0069] S5, the NC program is loaded, and a simulation operation is performed before starting the machining, and after ensuring that the program is correct, the machining is started;

[0070] S6, the tool is lowered to start boring the outer circle, the machining process is monitored to ensure that the tool moves along the preset trajectory, and timely adjustment is made to prevent the tool from deviating;

[0071] S7, after the depth reaches the design requirement, the tool orientation instruction is executed, and the tool is positioned at the preset angle and then exits to avoid non-cutting collision between the tool and the workpiece;

[0072] S8, after the machining is completed, the machined diameter is detected using a gauge to ensure that the machining size and precision meet the micron-level requirements.

[0073] The tool is provided with a special damping structure, such tool machining efficiency is high, the machining quality is stable, uses this tool, the machining part efficiency is high, the high precision size is stable, the appearance quality is high, improves the machining quality and production efficiency. After using the above tool and method, the outer circle dispersion is less than 0.003mm, and the smoothness is less than 0.4Ra.

[0074] Finally, it should be noted that the above specific embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application and are not limiting. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to examples, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present application can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and they should be covered in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for machining narrow and deep grooves with micrometer-level precision, characterized in that, Using cutting tools, the cutting tools include: Irregularly shaped tool holder (3); The blade (1) is connected to the lower end of the irregular blade shank (3), the back angle of the blade (1) is 0.08°, and the blade (1) is passivated. An adjustable boring bar holder (4) is connected to the upper end of the irregularly shaped tool holder (3); The adjustable boring bar holder (4) is provided with a slide groove, and a slider is provided in the slide groove. The irregular tool holder (3) includes a connecting rod connected to the slider. The adjustable boring bar holder (4) is connected with an adjusting screw (5). By rotating the adjusting screw (5), the slider slides in the slide groove to adjust the machining diameter. The blade (1) is provided with a connecting hole, and the blade (1) is connected to the lower end of the irregular blade bar (3) through the connecting hole and the set screw (2); The blade (1) has a thickness of 9 mm and a depth of 105 mm; The radius of the blade tip fillet of the blade (1) is 1 / 5 of the radius of the required machining groove; The irregularly shaped tool holder has a through hole in the middle to facilitate coolant entering the surface of the part; The processing method includes the following steps: Before installing the shaped tool holder (3) into the adjustable boring tool holder (4), check the connecting hole and screw of the blade (1) to ensure that the connection between the blade (1) and the shaped tool holder (3) is secure and not loose. Adjust the adjusting screw (5) and slider on the adjustable boring bar holder (4) to set the machining diameter of the boring bar. The machining diameter can be accurately controlled by finely adjusting the position of the slider in the groove. Load the tool with the adjusted diameter onto the machine tool spindle, and first perform a no-load test to confirm that the tool (1) has no abnormal vibration or displacement during rotation; Set the machine tool's rotational speed, feed rate, and depth of cut, and adjust the parameters according to the material's hardness and machining depth; set the coolant flow rate to reduce tool wear and improve the quality of the machined surface; Load the NC program and perform a simulation run before starting machining to ensure the program is error-free before starting machining. The cutting tool begins boring the outer diameter. The machining process is monitored to ensure that the tool moves along the preset trajectory, and timely adjustments are made to prevent tool deviation. Once the depth meets the design requirements, execute the tool orientation command to allow the tool to retract after positioning at a preset angle, thus avoiding non-cutting collisions between the tool and the workpiece. After processing, the processed diameter is inspected using a gauge to ensure that the processing dimensions and accuracy meet the micrometer level requirements.

2. The method for machining narrow and deep grooves with micrometer-level precision according to claim 1, characterized in that, The irregularly shaped tool holder (3) has multiple unevenly distributed shock-absorbing holes (6) in its circumference.

3. The method for machining narrow and deep grooves with micrometer-level precision according to claim 2, characterized in that, The vibration damping hole (6) is provided in four places, and the included angles of the central axes of adjacent vibration damping holes (6) are 97°, 85°, 93° and 85° respectively.

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