Tunnel slope protection device and construction and protection method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a tunnel slope protection device and a construction and protection method thereof, and relates to the technical field of tunnel construction.The device comprises a protection plate, a plurality of buffer units and a baffle unit.The protection plate comprises a first side and a second side, and when the protection plate is fixed to a slope, the first side is located at the high side of the slope and the second side is located at the low side of the slope.Each buffer unit comprises a buffer rod, which is vertically connected to the protection plate.The side surface of the buffer rod comprises a front plane facing one side of the first side, a rear plane facing one side of the second side and a parabolic groove surface connected between the front plane and the rear plane.The baffle unit is connected to the second side.Through the buffering and segmentation of the falling gravel and soil blocks by the plurality of buffer rods, the impact force of the gravel and soil blocks on the baffle unit is reduced, and the service life of the baffle unit is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and more specifically, to a tunnel slope protection device and its construction and protection methods. Background Technology

[0002] The slopes at the entrances of tunnels with high ground stress are mostly composed of loose soil or gravel, and loose rocks and soil often fall, posing a safety hazard. Therefore, specialized protective devices are needed to protect the slopes at the entrances of tunnels with high ground stress.

[0003] Due to the high slope height on both sides of the tunnel entrance under high ground stress, and the limited protection height of the protective devices, there is still a risk of falling gravel and soil blocks above the protective devices. Most existing protective devices are not effective in intercepting falling gravel and soil blocks, causing them to fall onto the road, increasing the danger to passing vehicles. At the same time, the impact of the gravel and soil blocks on the protective devices makes them prone to damage. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The problem this invention addresses is: how to improve the service life of protective devices.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a tunnel slope protection device, comprising: a protective plate, including a first side and a second side, wherein when the protective plate is fixed to the slope, the first side is located on the high side of the slope and the second side is located on the low side of the slope;

[0006] Multiple buffer units are staggered on the protective plate. Each buffer unit includes a buffer rod perpendicularly connected to the protective plate. The buffer rod has a front plane facing a first side, a rear plane facing a second side, and a parabolic groove surface connecting the front and rear planes. Two parabolic groove surfaces gradually approach each other along the direction near the first side and connect to two sides of the front plane, respectively. Two parabolic groove surfaces gradually move away from each other along the direction near the second side and connect to two sides of the rear plane, respectively.

[0007] A baffle unit is connected to the second side and is inclined relative to the protective plate.

[0008] Optionally, the buffer unit further includes a first triangular support frame, which is fixed at the connection between the buffer rod and the protective plate.

[0009] Optionally, the baffle unit includes a baffle, a receiving plate, and a hydraulic spring. The baffle is fixed to the protective plate, and a plurality of receiving plates are located on the side of the baffle facing the protective plate and arranged along the length of the baffle. The hydraulic spring connects the baffle and the receiving plates.

[0010] Optionally, the angle between the baffle and the protective plate is less than or equal to 90°.

[0011] Optionally, the baffle includes an upper baffle, an I-beam, and a lower baffle, with the upper baffle and the lower baffle arranged in parallel, and a plurality of the I-beams connected between the upper baffle and the lower baffle.

[0012] Optionally, it also includes a lower support frame and a second triangular load-bearing frame, wherein a plurality of the lower support frames are connected to the side of the baffle facing away from the receiving plate, and the second triangular load-bearing frame is connected to the connection between the lower support frame and the baffle.

[0013] Optionally, it further includes a mounting ring, a hollow rod, a limiting unit, and a mounting unit. Multiple mounting rings are provided along the first side. One end of the hollow rod is connected to the bottom surface of the mounting ring, and the other end of the hollow rod gradually narrows in diameter and extends away from the mounting ring. The mounting unit includes a locking rod, which is inserted into the hollow rod, and one end of the locking rod is located in the mounting ring. The limiting unit is used to restrict the axial movement of the locking rod, and the other end of the locking rod is a pointed cone that protrudes from the hollow rod.

[0014] Optionally, the limiting unit includes an upper cover plate and pressure-bearing rivets, with a plurality of pressure-bearing rivets ring-mounted on the upper cover plate. The mounting unit further includes a fixing ring and a limiting block. The fixing ring is connected to the end of the clamping rod, and the limiting block is ring-mounted on the outer circumferential surface of the fixing ring. The mounting ring has a central through hole in its middle, which communicates with the hollow rod. The central through hole is used for inserting the clamping rod into the hollow rod. A step is formed in the central through hole, which abuts against the fixing ring. A plurality of limiting grooves are ring-mounted at the top of the central through hole, which abut against the limiting block. Rivet holes are provided between adjacent limiting grooves, and the rivet holes are used for inserting the pressure-bearing rivets.

[0015] Optionally, the installation unit further includes a rotation drive unit and multiple side insertion rods. The rotation drive unit is located inside the clamp rod. The clamp rod has multiple upward-facing inclined holes around its periphery. The side insertion rods are inserted into the inclined holes. When the rotation drive unit rotates, the side insertion rods extend out of or retract into the inclined holes.

[0016] Optionally, the rotary drive unit includes a hollow bearing housing, an upper turntable, a rotating rod, a helical gear, and a worm gear. The hollow bearing housing is fixed in the fixed ring. The hollow bearing housing is sleeved on one end of the rotating rod. The locking rod has a through hole extending axially. The other end of the rotating rod passes through the through hole and is connected to the helical gear. The helical gear meshes with multiple worm gears. The worm gear is connected to one end of the corresponding side insert rod. The locking rod has an internal thread channel. The internal thread channel is coaxial with and communicates with the corresponding helical hole. The worm gear is threadedly connected to the internal thread channel.

[0017] Optionally, the upper turntable has a spline locking hole at the end facing away from the rotating rod, and a spline locking block is connected to the upper cover plate. When the upper cover plate is connected to the mounting ring, the spline locking block is inserted into the spline locking hole.

[0018] A construction method for a tunnel slope protection device includes the following steps:

[0019] S1: Insert the clamp into the hollow rod and insert them together into the slope soil until the entire protective board is attached to the slope.

[0020] S2: Rotate the upper turntable to insert the side rod into the soil outside the inclined hole;

[0021] S3: Place the top cover plate onto the mounting ring, insert the pressure rivet into the rivet hole, insert the limit block into the limit groove, and insert the spline block into the spline hole.

[0022] A method for protecting tunnel slopes using a protective device includes the following steps:

[0023] T1: When gravel and soil fall from above the protective plate, it will first collide with the buffer bar closest to the first side.

[0024] T2: The buffer bar slows down the falling speed of the gravel and soil blocks and breaks them up.

[0025] T3: The gravel and soil continue to fall, and after being broken up by multiple buffer bars, they land on the receiving plate;

[0026] T4: The receiving plate first uses a hydraulic spring to offset part of the impact force when the gravel and soil blocks fall, then uses an I-beam to absorb the remaining impact force, and finally uses the receiving plate to catch the gravel and soil blocks.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] By fixing the protective plate to the slope, with its first and second sides positioned on the high and low sides of the slope respectively, and the baffle unit fixed on the second side of the protective plate (the low side of the slope), it can intercept gravel and soil clods rolling down from the high side to the low side. Multiple buffer units are arranged in a staggered pattern on the protective plate, and each buffer unit includes a buffer rod vertically mounted on the protective plate. The buffer rod occupies a large space above the protective plate, increasing the probability of gravel and soil clods impacting the buffer rod. After being buffered and separated by multiple buffer rods, the falling gravel and soil clods can be caught by the baffle unit, preventing them from falling onto the road and reducing the danger to passing vehicles. Both sides of the buffer rod are... The inwardly concave parabolic trough surface, with two parabolic trough surfaces facing the first side and approaching each other to form a front plane, means that the front plane faces the high side of the slope, towards the direction in which the gravel and soil blocks fall. During the impact, the narrower front plane increases the pressure on the gravel and soil blocks, increasing the probability of fragmentation. When the fragmented gravel and soil blocks come into contact with the parabolic trough surface, their falling speed is slowed down. The two parabolic trough surfaces facing the second side and moving away from each other to form a rear plane. Because the rear plane is wider, the fragmented gravel and soil blocks can be diverted to both sides and continue to impact the subsequent buffer bars, thereby reducing the impact force of the gravel and soil blocks on the baffle unit and extending the service life of the baffle unit. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram from another perspective of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the protective plate and the buffer unit in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting ring structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a bottom view of the limiting unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the installation unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 for Figure 7 Enlarged view of the structure at point A in the image;

[0037] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection of the helical gear, worm gear, and side insert rod according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the buffer unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the baffle unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0041] 100. Protective plate; 110. Mounting ring; 111. Central through hole; 112. Step; 113. Limiting groove; 114. Rivet hole; 120. Hollow rod; 200. Limiting unit; 210. Top cover plate; 220. Pressure-bearing rivet; 230. Spline locking block; 300. Mounting unit; 310. Fixing ring; 311. Through hole; 312. Limiting block; 313. Hollow bearing seat; 320. Upper turntable; 321. Spline locking hole; 330. Locking rod; 33 1. Inclined hole; 332. Internal threaded passage; 340. Rotating rod; 350. Helical gear; 360. Worm gear; 370. Side insert rod; 400. Buffer unit; 410. Buffer rod; 420. Parabolic trough surface; 430. Rear plane; 440. First triangular load-bearing frame; 450. Front plane; 500. Baffle unit; 510. Upper baffle; 520. Receiving plate; 530. I-beam; 540. Lower baffle; 600. Lower support frame; 700. Second triangular load-bearing frame. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0043] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0044] Furthermore, in the attached diagram, the X-axis represents the horizontal direction, that is, the left and right position, and the positive direction of the X-axis (that is, the direction the arrow points to) represents the left, and the negative direction of the X-axis (that is, the direction opposite to the positive direction of the X-axis) represents the right; in the attached diagram, the Y-axis represents the vertical direction, that is, the front and back position, and the positive direction of the Y-axis (that is, the direction the arrow points to) represents the front, and the negative direction of the Y-axis (that is, the direction opposite to the positive direction of the X-axis) represents the back; in the attached diagram, the Z-axis represents the vertical direction, that is, the up and down position, and the positive direction of the Z-axis (that is, the direction the arrow points to) represents the up, and the negative direction of the Z-axis (that is, the direction opposite to the positive direction of the Z-axis) represents the down.

[0045] It should also be noted that the meanings of the aforementioned X-axis, Y-axis and Z-axis are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0046] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 10 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a tunnel slope protection device, comprising:

[0047] The protective plate 100 includes a first side and a second side. When the protective plate 100 is fixed to the slope, the first side is located on the high side of the slope and the second side is located on the low side of the slope.

[0048] Multiple buffer units 400 are arranged alternately on the protective plate 100. Each buffer unit 400 includes a buffer rod 410, which is vertically connected to the protective plate 100. The side of the buffer rod 410 includes a front plane 450 facing a first side, a rear plane 430 facing a second side, and a parabolic trough surface 420 connecting the front plane 450 and the rear plane 430. The two parabolic trough surfaces 420 gradually approach each other along the direction near the first side and are respectively connected to two sides of the front plane 450. The two parabolic trough surfaces 420 gradually move away from each other along the direction near the second side and are respectively connected to two sides of the rear plane 430.

[0049] The baffle unit 500 is connected to the second side and is inclined relative to the protective plate 100.

[0050] It should be noted that this protective device can be applied not only to slopes with gentle gradients, such as those on railways and highways, but also to slopes with steeper gradients, such as the slopes on both sides of the entrance to a high-stress tunnel. When the slope is long and wide, the length direction of the slope is the X-axis direction in the figure, and the width direction of the slope is the Y-axis direction in the figure. According to the length and width dimensions of the slope, multiple protective plates 100 and baffle units 500 can be prefabricated and spliced ​​on site, which facilitates manufacturing and transportation.

[0051] Specifically, the protective plate 100 can be a rectangular steel plate. The first side and the second side are two symmetrical and parallel sides of the protective plate 100 along the extension direction of the slope, fixing the protective plate 100 to the soil of the slope. The first side and the second side are located on the high side and the low side of the slope, respectively. Multiple buffer units 400 are arranged in a staggered manner on the protective plate 100. That is, multiple buffer units 400 can be divided into multiple rows on the protective plate 100, with the buffer units 400 on adjacent rows staggered, so that the multiple buffer units 400 are evenly distributed on the protective plate 100. The buffer unit 400 includes a buffer rod 410, which can be a steel rod, and one end of the buffer rod 410 is fixed to the surface of the protective plate 100. Perpendicular to the protective plate 100, that is, the buffer rod 410 extends in the Z-axis direction in the figure. Both sides of the buffer rod 410 are concave inward to form a parabolic trough surface 420, and the surface of the parabolic trough surface 420 is an arc-shaped structure in the top view section. The two parabolic trough surfaces 420 approach each other towards the first side, that is, towards the high side of the slope, to form a narrower front plane 450. The two parabolic trough surfaces 420 approach each other towards the second side, that is, towards the low side of the slope, to form a wider rear plane 430. It should be noted that the front plane 450 is narrower than the rear plane 430. The baffle unit 500 is fixed on the second side of the protective plate 100, that is, the baffle unit 500 is located on the low side of the slope.

[0052] In this embodiment, by fixing the protective plate 100 to the slope, the first and second sides of the protective plate 100 are positioned on the high and low sides of the slope, respectively. The baffle unit 500 is fixed on the second side of the protective plate 100, i.e., on the low side of the slope, thereby intercepting gravel and soil clods rolling down from the high side to the low side of the slope. Multiple buffer units 400 are arranged in a staggered manner on the protective plate 100, and each buffer unit 400 includes a buffer rod 410 vertically mounted on the protective plate 100. The buffer rod 410 occupies a large space above the protective plate 100, increasing the probability of gravel and soil clods impacting the buffer rod 410. After being buffered and divided by multiple buffer rods 410, the falling gravel and soil clods can be caught by the baffle unit 500 and will not fall onto the road, thereby reducing the danger to passing vehicles. The parabolic trough surfaces 420, both sides of 410, are concave inward. The two parabolic trough surfaces 420 approach each other on the side facing the first side to form a front plane 450. That is, the front plane 450 faces the high side of the slope, towards the direction in which the gravel and soil blocks fall. During the impact, the narrower front plane 450 increases the pressure on the gravel and soil blocks, increasing the probability of fragmentation. When the fragmented gravel and soil blocks come into contact with the parabolic trough surfaces 420, their falling speed is slowed down. The two parabolic trough surfaces 420 move away from each other on the side facing the second side to form a rear plane 430. The wider rear plane 430 allows the fragmented gravel and soil blocks to be diverted to both sides and continue to impact the subsequent buffer rod 410, thereby reducing the impact force of the gravel and soil blocks on the baffle unit 500 and extending the service life of the baffle unit 500.

[0053] Optionally, combined Figure 10 As shown, the buffer unit 400 also includes a first triangular support frame 440, which is fixed at the connection between the buffer rod 410 and the protective plate 100.

[0054] In this embodiment, the first triangular load-bearing frame 440 can be welded to the upper surface of the protective plate 100 and the rear plane 430 of the buffer rod 410 to improve the impact resistance of the buffer rod 410.

[0055] Optionally, combined Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 11 As shown, the baffle unit 500 includes a baffle, a receiving plate 520 and a hydraulic spring. The baffle is fixed on the protective plate 100. Multiple receiving plates 520 are located on the side of the baffle facing the protective plate 100 and are arranged along the length of the baffle. The hydraulic spring connects the baffle and the receiving plates 520.

[0056] Specifically, the baffle can be rectangular and fixed to the second side of the protective plate 100. The length direction of the baffle is along the X-axis, and the width direction of the protective plate 100 is along the Z-axis. The receiving plate 520 can be a rectangular steel plate and is equidistantly arranged on the side of the baffle facing the buffer rod 410. Each receiving plate 520 has one end of multiple hydraulic springs connected to the side facing away from the buffer rod 410, and the other end of the hydraulic springs is connected to the surface of the baffle.

[0057] In this embodiment, by setting a hydraulic spring, the receiving plate 520 can further offset the impact force of gravel and soil, which not only reduces the danger to passing vehicles, but also extends the overall service life of the slope protection device.

[0058] Optionally, combined Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 11 As shown, the angle between the baffle and the protective plate 100 is less than or equal to 90°.

[0059] In this embodiment, the included angle between the baffle and the protective plate 100 is ≤90°, which enables the baffle to more stably catch the gravel and soil blocks and prevents the gravel and soil blocks from continuing to roll down from the baffle.

[0060] Optionally, combined Figure 11 As shown, the baffle includes an upper baffle 510, an I-beam 530 and a lower baffle 540. The upper baffle 510 and the lower baffle 540 are arranged in parallel, and multiple I-beams 530 are connected between the upper baffle 510 and the lower baffle 540.

[0061] In this embodiment, multiple I-beams 530 are evenly distributed along the length direction between the upper baffle 510 and the lower baffle 540, that is, the length direction of the I-beams 530 is along the X-axis in the figure, which further improves the overall pressure resistance of the baffle unit 500 and further improves the impact resistance.

[0062] Optionally, combined Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, it also includes a lower support frame 600 and a second triangular load-bearing frame 700. Multiple lower support frames 600 are connected to one side of the baffle facing away from the receiving plate 520, and the second triangular load-bearing frame 700 is connected to the connection between the lower support frame 600 and the baffle.

[0063] In this embodiment, multiple lower support frames 600 are arranged at equal intervals along the X-axis in the figure and can be welded to one side of the baffle facing away from the receiving plate 520. A second triangular load-bearing frame 700 is welded to the connection between each lower support frame 600 and the baffle. The load-bearing capacity of the baffle unit 500 is improved by the lower support frame 600 and the second triangular load-bearing frame 700.

[0064] Optionally, combined Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, it also includes an installation ring 110, a hollow pestle 120, a limiting unit 200, and an installation unit 300. Multiple installation rings 110 are provided along the first side. One end of the hollow pestle 120 is connected to the bottom surface of the installation ring 110, and the diameter of the other end of the hollow pestle 120 gradually narrows and extends away from the installation ring 110. The installation unit 300 includes a locking rod 330, which is inserted into the hollow pestle 120, and one end of the locking rod 330 is located in the installation ring 110. The limiting unit 200 is used to limit the axial movement of the locking rod 330. The other end of the locking rod 330 is a pointed cone and protrudes from the hollow pestle 120.

[0065] Specifically, multiple mounting rings 110 can be integrally formed on the first side of the protective plate 100, and the multiple mounting rings 110 are arranged at equal intervals. Both the upper and lower ends of the hollow rod 120 are open mechanisms, and one end of the hollow rod 120 can be integrally formed on the mounting ring 110. The other end of the mounting ring 110 extends along the negative Z-axis in the figure and the diameter gradually decreases. The middle part of the locking rod 330 is inserted into the hollow rod 120. One end of the locking rod 330 is in the mounting ring 110 and is limited by the limiting unit 200. The other end of the locking rod 330 is a pointed cone and passes through the smaller diameter port of the hollow rod 120.

[0066] In this embodiment, the clamp rod 330 and the hollow rod 120 are inserted into the soil of the slope. Since the diameter of the bottom of the hollow rod 120 is smaller than the diameter of the top, the resistance of the hollow rod 120 during the insertion process is reduced. After the hollow rod 120 is completely submerged in the slope soil, the protective plate 100 can be attached to the slope soil, thereby reinforcing the slope of the high ground stress tunnel entrance and preventing gravel and soil from rolling down.

[0067] Optionally, combined Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the limiting unit 200 includes an upper cover plate 210 and pressure-bearing rivets 220. Multiple pressure-bearing rivets 220 are arranged around the upper cover plate 210. The mounting unit 300 also includes a fixing ring 310 and a limiting block 312. The fixing ring 310 is connected to the end of the clamping rod 330. The limiting block 312 is arranged around the outer circumference of the fixing ring 310. The mounting ring 110 has a central through hole 111 in the middle, which communicates with the hollow pestle rod 120. The central through hole 111 is used for the clamping rod 330 to be inserted into the hollow pestle rod 120. A step 112 is formed in the central through hole 111, which is used to abut against the fixing ring 310. Multiple limiting grooves 113 are arranged around the top of the central through hole 111, which are used to abut against the limiting block 312. Rivet holes 114 are provided between adjacent limiting grooves 113, which are used to insert the pressure-bearing rivets 220.

[0068] Specifically, the inner wall of the top of the central through hole 111 is provided with several sets of limiting grooves 113 arranged in a ring array, and the upper cover plate 210 is provided with several sets of pressure-bearing rivets 220 arranged in a ring array around its perimeter, the same number as the rivet holes 114.

[0069] In this embodiment, when installing the protective plate 100, each set of installation units 300 is first inserted through their respective set of central through holes 111 and hollow rods 120, so that the top of the installation unit 300 can be snapped onto the step 112, and each set of limiting blocks 312 is snapped into the corresponding set of limiting grooves 113, thereby establishing a fixed relationship between the fixing ring 310 and the installation ring 110, and the tip of the clamping rod 330 is inserted through to the bottom of the hollow rod 120. Then, the clamping rod 330 together with the hollow rod 120 is inserted into the soil of the slope, so that the protective plate 100 is attached to the slope of the high ground stress tunnel entrance.

[0070] Alternatively, the upper cover plate 210 can be removed as a whole, and then the upper turntable 320 can be rotated in the opposite direction so that the two sets of side insert rods 370 can retract back into the inclined hole 331. Then, the upper turntable 320, the fixing ring 310 and the clamp rod 330 can be removed as a whole. Since the hollow rod 120 is still inserted in the soil, the slope protection plate 100 can be maintained and repaired while it is still fixed on the slope of the high ground stress tunnel entrance. This meets the requirement that the protection plate 100 can not only play a protective role, but also self-correct the components. It also avoids the protection plate 100 from loosening during maintenance and reduces safety hazards.

[0071] Optionally, combined Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 9 As shown, the mounting unit 300 also includes a rotation drive unit and multiple side insertion rods 370. The rotation drive unit is located inside the locking rod 330. The locking rod 330 has multiple upward-facing inclined holes 331 around its periphery. The side insertion rods 370 are inserted into the inclined holes 331. When the rotation drive unit rotates, the side insertion rods 370 extend or retract into the inclined holes 331. Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the rotary drive unit includes a hollow bearing seat 313, an upper turntable 320, a rotating rod 340, a helical gear 350, and a worm gear 360. The hollow bearing seat 313 is fixed in the fixing ring 310. The hollow bearing seat 313 is sleeved on one end of the rotating rod 340. The locking rod 330 has an axially extending through hole 311. The other end of the rotating rod 340 passes through the through hole 311 and is connected to the helical gear 350. The helical gear 350 is meshed with multiple worm gears 360. The worm gear 360 is connected to one end of the corresponding side insert rod 370. The locking rod 330 has an internal thread channel 332. The internal thread channel 332 is coaxial with and connected to the corresponding inclined hole 331. The worm gear 360 is threadedly connected to the internal thread channel 332.

[0072] In this embodiment, the protective plate 100 is integrally attached to the slope. An external wrench is then inserted into the splined locking hole 321 and rotated uniformly in the same direction. This causes the upper turntable 320 to drive the rotating rod 340 and the helical gear 350 to rotate simultaneously. Utilizing the meshing connection between the helical gear 350 and the worm 360, the worm 360 also rotates. Since the worm 360 is threadedly connected to the internal thread 332, as the worm 360 rotates, it moves towards the inclined hole 331, ultimately causing the side insertion rod 370 to insert into the soil around the locking rod 330 during rotation. This provides the locking rod 330 with a gripping force in the opposite direction, increasing the resistance when the locking rod 330 is forcibly pulled out, thereby improving the stability of the protective plate 100.

[0073] It should be noted that, to prevent oxidation and corrosion of the side inserts 370 and the locking rods 330, regular alignment maintenance is required. First, remove the upper cover plate 210 as a whole. Then, rotate the upper turntable 320 in the opposite direction so that the two sets of side inserts 370 can retract into the inclined holes 331. Finally, remove the upper turntable 320, the fixing ring 310, and the locking rods 330 as a whole. Since the hollow rod 120 remains inserted in the soil, alignment maintenance can be completed while the protective plate 100 remains fixed to the high-stress tunnel entrance slope. This satisfies the requirement for the protective plate 100 to self-adjust its components while still providing protection, and also prevents the protective plate 100 from loosening during maintenance, reducing safety hazards.

[0074] Optionally, combined Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the upper turntable 320 has a spline locking hole 321 at one end facing away from the rotating rod 340, and a spline locking block 230 is connected to the upper cover plate 210. When the upper cover plate 210 is connected to the mounting ring 110, the spline locking block 230 is inserted into the spline locking hole 321.

[0075] In this embodiment, the installation unit 300 is adjusted to firmly grip the soil, and then the upper cover plate 210 is placed on top of the installation ring 110 and aligned so that the splined locking block 230 can be locked onto the installation unit 300. Then, the upper cover plate 210 is fixed onto the installation ring 110 by each set of pressure-bearing rivets 220, so that the protective plate 100 and the installation unit 300 are fixed together, avoiding the loosening of the locking rod 330 and the side insertion rod 370 due to external force, thereby improving the durability of the protective plate 100.

[0076] A construction method for a tunnel slope protection device includes the following steps:

[0077] S1: Insert the clamp 330 into the hollow rod 120 and insert them together into the slope soil until the protective plate 100 is completely attached to the slope.

[0078] S2: Rotate the upper turntable 320 to insert the side rod 370 into the soil outside the inclined hole 331;

[0079] S3 places the upper cover plate 210 onto the mounting ring 110, causing the pressure-bearing rivet 220 to be inserted into the rivet hole 114, the limiting block 312 to be inserted into the limiting groove 113, and the spline locking block 230 to be inserted into the spline locking hole 321.

[0080] A method for protecting tunnel slopes using a protective device includes the following steps:

[0081] T1: When gravel and soil fall from above the protective plate 100, they will first collide with the buffer bar 410 closest to the first side.

[0082] T2: Buffer bar 410 slows down the falling speed of gravel and soil blocks and breaks them up;

[0083] T3: The gravel and soil continue to fall, and after being broken up by multiple buffer bars 410, they land on the receiving plate 520.

[0084] T4: The receiving plate 520 first uses a hydraulic spring to offset part of the impact force when the gravel and soil blocks fall, then the I-beam 530 absorbs the remaining impact force, and finally the receiving plate 520 catches the gravel and soil blocks.

[0085] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel slope protection device, characterized in that, include: The protective plate includes a first side and a second side. When the protective plate is fixed to the slope, the first side is located on the high side of the slope, and the second side is located on the low side of the slope. Multiple buffer units are staggered on the protective plate. Each buffer unit includes a buffer rod perpendicularly connected to the protective plate. The buffer rod has a front plane facing a first side, a rear plane facing a second side, and a parabolic groove surface connecting the front and rear planes. Two parabolic groove surfaces gradually approach each other along the direction near the first side and connect to two sides of the front plane, respectively. Two parabolic groove surfaces gradually move away from each other along the direction near the second side and connect to two sides of the rear plane, respectively. A baffle unit is connected to the second side and is inclined relative to the protective plate; It also includes a mounting ring, a hollow rod, a limiting unit, and a mounting unit. Multiple mounting rings are arranged along the first side. One end of the hollow rod is connected to the bottom surface of the mounting ring, and the other end of the hollow rod gradually narrows in diameter and extends away from the mounting ring. The mounting unit includes a locking rod, which is inserted into the hollow rod, and one end of the locking rod is located in the mounting ring. The limiting unit is used to restrict the axial movement of the locking rod, and the other end of the locking rod is a pointed cone that protrudes from the hollow rod. The limiting unit includes an upper cover plate and pressure-bearing rivets. Multiple pressure-bearing rivets are arranged in a ring on the upper cover plate. The mounting unit also includes a fixing ring and a limiting block. The fixing ring is connected to the end of the clamping rod. The limiting block is arranged in a ring on the outer circumference of the fixing ring. The mounting ring has a central through hole in the middle, which communicates with the hollow rod. The central through hole is used for the clamping rod to be inserted into the hollow rod. A step is formed in the central through hole, which is used to abut against the fixing ring. Multiple limiting grooves are arranged in a ring at the top of the central through hole, which are used to abut against the limiting block. Rivet holes are provided between adjacent limiting grooves, which are used to insert the pressure-bearing rivets. The installation unit also includes a rotation drive unit and multiple side insertion rods. The rotation drive unit is located inside the clamp rod. The clamp rod has multiple upward-facing inclined holes around its periphery. The side insertion rods are inserted into the inclined holes. When the rotation drive unit rotates, the side insertion rods extend out of or retract into the inclined holes.

2. The tunnel slope protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The buffer unit also includes a first triangular support frame, which is fixed at the connection between the buffer rod and the protective plate.

3. The tunnel slope protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The baffle unit includes a baffle, a receiving plate, and a hydraulic spring. The baffle is fixed to the protective plate, and a plurality of receiving plates are located on the side of the baffle facing the protective plate and arranged along the length of the baffle. The hydraulic spring connects the baffle and the receiving plates.

4. The tunnel slope protection device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The angle between the baffle and the protective plate is less than or equal to 90°.

5. The tunnel slope protection device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The baffle includes an upper baffle, an I-beam, and a lower baffle. The upper baffle and the lower baffle are arranged in parallel, and a plurality of the I-beams are connected between the upper baffle and the lower baffle.

6. The tunnel slope protection device according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a lower support frame and a second triangular load-bearing frame. Multiple lower support frames are connected to the side of the baffle facing away from the receiving plate, and the second triangular load-bearing frame is connected to the connection between the lower support frame and the baffle.

7. The tunnel slope protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotary drive unit includes a hollow bearing seat, an upper turntable, a rotating rod, a helical gear, and a worm gear. The hollow bearing seat is fixed in the fixed ring and sleeved on one end of the rotating rod. The locking rod has an axially extending through hole. The other end of the rotating rod passes through the through hole and connects to the helical gear. The helical gear meshes with multiple worm gears. The worm gear is connected to one end of the corresponding side insert rod. The locking rod has an internal thread channel. The internal thread channel is coaxial with and communicates with the corresponding helical hole. The worm gear is threadedly connected to the internal thread channel.

8. The tunnel slope protection device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The upper turntable has a spline locking hole at the end facing away from the rotating rod, and a spline locking block is connected to the upper cover plate. When the upper cover plate is connected to the mounting ring, the spline locking block is inserted into the spline locking hole.

9. A construction method for a tunnel slope protection device as described in claim 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Insert the clamp into the hollow rod and insert them together into the slope soil until the entire protective board is attached to the slope. S2: Rotate the upper turntable to insert the side rod into the soil outside the inclined hole; S3: Place the top cover plate onto the mounting ring, insert the pressure rivet into the rivet hole, insert the limit block into the limit groove, and insert the spline block into the spline hole.

10. A protection method for a tunnel slope protection device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: T1: When gravel and soil fall from above the protective plate, it will first collide with the buffer bar closest to the first side. T2: The buffer bar slows down the falling speed of the gravel and soil blocks and breaks them up. T3: The gravel and soil continue to fall, and after being broken up by multiple buffer bars, they land on the receiving plate; T4: The receiving plate first uses a hydraulic spring to offset part of the impact force when the gravel and soil blocks fall, then uses an I-beam to absorb the remaining impact force, and finally uses the receiving plate to catch the gravel and soil blocks.

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