A multi-stage multi-pollutant diversion and distribution system

Abstract

The present invention discloses a multi-stage, multi-pollutant diversion and distribution device system, comprising a plurality of overflow boxes with openings on the upper end faces, a plurality of water collection tanks with openings on the upper end faces, a plurality of water tanks, and a plurality of peristaltic pumps. The box body is provided with a baffle and a flow divider that divide its internal space into a turbulent chamber, a static flow chamber, and an outflow chamber. The baffle is densely covered with flow holes, and the flow divider is height-adjustable. The box body of the static flow chamber is provided with a plurality of outflow openings that meet different flow requirements. The water collection tank is divided into compartments with the same number of outflow openings as the overflow box body, and each compartment is provided with an outlet pipe interface connected to an external water pipe at the bottom. The peristaltic pump pumps water from the water tank into the overflow box body through a water flow capillary, and the peristaltic pump is protected by a storage box. The system of the present invention can automatically adjust and distribute a large incoming water flow according to the combined requirements of different flow levels and different concentration levels of different pollutants designed by the test, introduce an external high-concentration pollutant reserve liquid, and realize automatic grading of the outflow flow and outflow concentration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of water conservancy and water environment facility technology and equipment, and relates to a technical equipment system for automatically and accurately diverting large incoming water flows and liquids with higher water quality indicators according to requirements such as the water flow rate level, different water quality index concentration levels, and pipeline configuration, and then collecting and transporting them to different destinations. Specifically, it relates to a multi-stage, multi-pollutant diversion and distribution system. Background Art

[0002] Field water quality and hydrodynamic testing often requires combining different influent flow rates and pollutant concentrations to investigate diverse and complex test scenarios. To meet these requirements, multiple low-flow pumps or peristaltic pumps are typically deployed. However, unlike laboratory research facilities, where advanced equipment allows for the use of different pump types to extract solutions with varying flow rates and concentrations, field water quality and hydrodynamic testing sites are limited in space and lack adequate maintenance facilities. This often makes it difficult to effectively arrange and maintain the multiple sets of equipment required for simultaneous testing (>10 scenarios), posing a significant risk of damage. Furthermore, existing pump models manufactured on assembly lines that meet national standards are generally standardized in terms of flow rate and head combinations. The flow rates required for field testing are sometimes impossible to achieve with a combination of different pump models. Even multi-stage adjustable pumps have limited flow ranges and intervals, making them incapable of arbitrarily adjusting to the desired flow levels. This situation becomes even more complex when varying pollutant concentration gradients are required in the influent, significantly increasing the required facilities and equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a multi-stage multi-pollutant diversion and distribution system. According to the variation range of the test flow and the gradient setting of the concentrations of multiple pollutants in the test inlet water, a submersible pump that meets the maximum combined flow requirement is configured, or two to three submersible pumps with slightly smaller flow rates are configured in consideration of economy and flexibility to meet the flow size requirements of the sum of the flow combinations of all test scenarios in the test design. The diversion and water distribution device of the present invention is used to distribute the incoming water from fewer water supply units to more water demand units, and then combined with high-concentration reserve liquids of different pollutants and micro-flow peristaltic pumps, finally, the device system of the present invention is used to realize the precise and automatic distribution of the diversion flow and diversion pollutant concentration required for different test scenarios when multiple test scenarios are carried out simultaneously. The system has the characteristics of low construction and operation cost, simple management and maintenance, good weather resistance, and strong promotion.

[0004] The present invention belongs to a device system that combines the constant head orifice outflow theory and the mass conservation theory. In most hydraulic tests, there are many constant head outflow devices based on overflow weirs to ensure the stability of the test flow during the test. The difference is that the present invention combines the design flow gradient, the design concentration gradient, the background water flow concentration and the law of conservation of mass. Through the combination of different high-concentration pollutant storage liquid tanks, peristaltic pumps with different speeds and different overflow box outlet orifices on the device system, the device system can meet the needs of conducting multiple tests with different flow rates and different pollutant concentration combinations at the same time.

[0005] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A multi-stage multi-pollutant diversion and distribution system comprises a plurality of overflow boxes with openings on the upper end faces, a plurality of water collection tanks for collecting outflows from the plurality of overflow boxes, a plurality of water tanks for storing high-concentration pollutant reserve liquids and a plurality of peristaltic pumps for extracting water from the water tanks, the number of the water tanks and the peristaltic pumps being the same, the number of the overflow boxes being one more than the number of the water collection tanks, one of the plurality of overflow boxes being a mainstream overflow box for diverting natural water with background concentration pollutants input from the outside, and the rest being pollutant overflow boxes for diverting mixed water with high-concentration pollutants flowing out of the outside natural water and the water tanks, each water collection tank being located in the middle of the two overflow boxes, the mainstream overflow box being matched with a water collection tank, and each or two adjacent pollutant overflow boxes being matched with a water collection tank; a device is provided in the overflow box. A flow divider is provided to divide the overflow chamber and the outflow chamber into two parts; the overflow chamber is provided with a baffle which divides the overflow chamber into two parts; the flow divider and the baffle are both placed vertically along the width direction of the overflow box; the baffle is provided with densely distributed flow holes; the total height of the flow divider is lower than the height of the overflow box to leave overflow space; the quiet chamber is located between the outflow chamber and the turbulent chamber; a water inlet pipe interface connected to the water inlet pipe is provided on the side wall of the overflow box in the width direction close to the turbulent chamber; a tailwater pipe interface connected to the tailwater pipe is provided on the side wall of the overflow box in the width direction close to the outflow chamber; a plurality of outflow orifices with different head heights and diameters are staggeredly distributed on one side wall of the overflow box in the length direction within the range of the quiet chamber, and the outflow orifices are located on the side wall close to the water collecting tank matching the overflow box;

[0007] The water collection tank is a box with a completely open upper end face. The inner cavity of the water collection tank is divided into the same number of compartments as the outflow openings on the overflow box body by partitions along its length. Each outflow opening is arranged opposite to a compartment. Each compartment has a water outlet pipe interface connected to an external pipe on the lower side wall, and is connected to the external water outlet pipe by direct insertion. The height of the outflow opening on the overflow box body is higher than the height of the upper port of the water collection tank.

[0008] Each water tank is connected to a water inlet interface of a pollutant overflow box through a water flow capillary tube, and the middle part of each water flow capillary tube is connected to a peristaltic pump.

[0009] Furthermore, there are two baffles, and the two baffles are arranged at intervals. Along the direction of water flow in the overflow box, the diameter of the flow hole on the first baffle is larger than the diameter of the flow hole on the second baffle, the number of orifices on the first baffle is less than the number of orifices on the second baffle, and the diameters of the flow holes on the two baffles are smaller than the inner diameter of the water inlet pipe interface.

[0010] Furthermore, the flow partition includes a lower fixed flow partition and an upper movable flow partition. The lower fixed flow partition is fixed to the bottom surface and side wall of the overflow box. Magnetic strips are fixed on both sides and the bottom edge of the upper movable flow partition. The upper movable flow partition is integrated with the lower fixed flow partition through its magnetic strips. By moving the position of the upper movable flow partition, the height of the entire flow partition can be adjusted, thereby changing the water depth in the overflow box.

[0011] Furthermore, the number of outflow orifices on the multiple overflow boxes is the same, which is 8-16. The distance between the outflow orifice and the inner bottom surface of the overflow box is greater than 3 cm. The diameter of the outflow orifice is calculated based on the small hole outflow theory. The diameter of the outflow orifice is less than 1 / 10 of the outflow orifice head height, that is, the water depth above the center point of the outflow orifice. The total orifice flow on each overflow box is equal to the corresponding design flow, and the total orifice flow on each overflow box is calculated based on the continuity equation according to the experimental design flow level and the concentration level of different pollutants.

[0012] Furthermore, the width of the compartment is the same as the distance between two adjacent outflow orifices, and the center line of the compartment is aligned with the center line of the corresponding outflow orifice from which the outflow is collected.

[0013] Furthermore, the width of the water collection trough is determined by the maximum distance between the landing points of the outflow from the outflow orifice on the upper end surface of the water collection trough along the outflow direction; the height of the flow partition is lower than the height of the baffle and the height of the overflow box, and the height of the flow partition is determined according to the maximum orifice head of the outflow orifice on the overflow box and the distance between the outflow orifice and the bottom of the box; the height of the upper edge of the flow partition below the upper end surface of the overflow box is the constant head overflow notch height, and the constant head overflow notch height is 2 cm; the height of the overflow box is determined according to the maximum orifice head of the outflow orifice, the constant head overflow notch height and the height of the orifice from the bottom surface of the box, and the heights of multiple overflow boxes are the same.

[0014] Furthermore, the overflow box is placed on the first three-dimensional support frame, and the water collecting box is placed on the second three-dimensional support frame. The width of the water collecting trough is restricted by the height of the upper end surface of the water collecting trough, and the width of the water collecting trough needs to be determined in combination with the small hole outflow and free fall theory; the height of the upper end surface of the water collecting trough is lower than the height of the bottom surface of the overflow box, and the ratio of the height of the second three-dimensional support frame to the height of the water collecting trough is generally 1:1-2:1.

[0015] Furthermore, the system also includes a storage box for outdoor protection of the peristaltic pump, and holes for perforating external water tubes are provided on both side walls of the storage box, and a hole for perforating external power cords is provided on the rear side wall of the storage box; the upper part of the water tank is provided with a hole for perforating external water tubes, and the lower part of the water tank is provided with a drain valve pipe for draining the water in the tank, one end of the water tube is directly perforated through the hole in the upper part of the water tank and extends into the bottom of the water tank and is tied with a heavy object for stability, and the outflow end of the water tube is fixed to the lower part of the baffle near the water inlet pipe structure in the turbulent chamber by a snap.

[0016] Furthermore, the four sides of the upper end face of the overflow box are added with right-angled edges and welded firmly, the water inlet pipe interface and the tail water pipe interface are connected to the external water pipe through threaded ports; the top of the water tank contains a screw-on box cover; the water flow tube is a silicone tube.

[0017] Furthermore, the overflow box, flow divider, baffle, water inlet pipe interface, tailwater pipe interface, water collecting tank and compartment are all made of stainless steel or galvanized iron sheet materials, and all the above components are firmly connected by electric welding.

[0018] The beneficial result of the present invention is that, based on the field test flow rate and the required graded combination of different pollutant concentrations, the appropriate high-concentration stock solutions of different pollutants are configured in the water tank, the peristaltic pump speed is set appropriately, and the opening size and water head height in the overflow box are determined appropriately, thereby achieving refined control of the outflow flow rate and outflow concentration. Furthermore, by collecting tailwater in the outflow chamber, water waste can be effectively avoided, conserving water resources. The present invention has a simple structure, is easy to operate, and is convenient to operate and maintain. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is a southwest axis view of the multi-stage multi-pollutant diversion and distribution system of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a northeast axis view of the multi-stage multi-pollutant diversion and distribution system described in the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 It is a top view of the multi-stage multi-pollutant diversion and distribution system described in the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4It is a front view of the multi-stage multi-pollutant diversion and distribution system described in the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 It is a rear view of the multi-stage multi-pollutant diversion and distribution system described in the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 It is a front view of the combination of the lower fixed flow cutoff plate 2 and the upper movable flow cutoff plate 3 according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 It is a side view of the combination of the lower fixed flow cutoff plate 2 and the upper movable flow cutoff plate 3 according to the present invention.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a rear view of the upper movable flow cutoff plate 3 of the present invention

[0027] Figure 9 It is a front view of the spoiler 4 described in the present invention.

[0028] Figure 10 It is a front view of the spoiler 5 described in the present invention.

[0029] In the figure, 1-overflow box, 2-lower fixed flow partition, 3-upper movable flow partition, 4-first baffle, 5-second baffle, 6-water inlet pipe interface, 7-outflow orifice, 8-tailwater pipe interface, 9-collecting tank, 10-compartment, 11-outlet pipe interface, 12-1-first three-dimensional support frame, 12-2-second three-dimensional support frame, 13-water flow tube, 14-water tank, 15-drain valve pipe, 16-peristaltic pump, 17-storage box. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The device system of the present invention is further described below with reference to specific implementation cases and accompanying drawings.

[0031] like Figures 1-10As shown, a multi-stage multi-pollutant diversion and distribution device system includes three overflow boxes 1 with open upper end faces, the overflow box 1 is provided with a flow partition that divides it into two spaces, an overflow chamber and an outflow chamber, the overflow chamber is provided with a baffle that divides it into two spaces, a turbulent chamber and a static chamber, the number of the baffles is two, the two baffles are arranged at intervals, along the flow direction of water in the overflow box, the first baffle 4 and the second baffle 5 are provided with densely distributed flow holes, the diameter of the flow holes on the first baffle 4 is larger than that on the second baffle 5 The diameter of the flow hole is 2, the number of holes on the first baffle 4 is less than the number of holes on the second baffle 5, and the diameters of the flow holes on the two baffles are smaller than the inner diameter of the water inlet pipe interface; the lower fixed baffle 2 and the upper movable baffle 3 and the first baffle 4 and the second baffle 5 are all placed vertically, and the box body of the turbulent chamber is provided with a water inlet pipe interface 6 connected to the water inlet pipe. The flow holes on the first baffle 4 are slightly larger and sparsely arranged to initially reduce the inflow impact and ensure the flow capacity. The flow holes on the second baffle 5 are slightly smaller and arranged The lower fixed flow partition 2 is fixed to the bottom area of ​​the overflow box 1, and the upper movable flow partition 3 is adhered to the lower fixed flow partition 2 by the magnetic strip thereon. The overall height of the lower fixed flow partition 2 and the upper movable flow partition 3 can be adjusted by moving the upper movable flow partition 3. The total height of the lower fixed flow partition 2 and the upper movable flow partition 3 is lower than the height of the overflow box 1. A plurality of outflow orifices 7 with different water head heights are staggered along the length direction on the side wall of the static flow chamber. The outflow orifices 7 are staggered along the length direction. The diameter of the opening 7 should be less than 1 / 10 of the orifice head height. The box body of the outflow chamber is provided with a tailwater pipe interface 8 connected to the tailwater pipe. The flow barrier includes a lower fixed flow barrier 2 and an upper movable flow barrier 3. The lower fixed flow barrier 2 is fixed to the bottom surface and side walls of the overflow box body 1. Magnetic strips are fixed on both sides and the bottom edge of the upper movable flow barrier 2. The upper movable flow barrier 2 forms an integral whole with the lower fixed flow barrier 3 through its magnetic strips. By moving the position of the upper movable flow barrier 2, the height of the entire flow barrier can be adjusted, thereby changing the water depth in the overflow box body.

[0032] It includes two sumps 9 for collecting the outflow of the three overflow boxes 1. The mainstream overflow box 1 is matched with one sump 9, and the two pollutant overflow boxes 1 are matched with one sump 9. The sump 9 is provided with the same number of compartments 10 as the outflow openings 7 of the overflow box 1. The width of the compartment 10 is the same as the spacing between the outflow openings 7 of the overflow box 1. The lower part of the compartment 10 is respectively provided with a water outlet pipe interface 11 connected to the external pipe;

[0033] It includes three first three-dimensional support frames 12-1 for supporting the three overflow boxes 1 and two second three-dimensional support frames 12-2 for supporting the two water collection tanks 9. The first three-dimensional support frames 12-1 and the second three-dimensional support frames 12-2 are both provided with different numbers of reinforced beams according to the height and cross-section;

[0034] The apparatus comprises two water tanks 14 for storing a high-concentration reserve solution of pollutants. The top of each water tank 14 has a screw-tight lid. The upper portion of each water tank 14 is provided with an opening for the water flow tube 13 to penetrate. The lower portion of each water tank 14 is provided with a drain valve pipe 15 with a valve for draining the water in the tank.

[0035] It includes two peristaltic pumps 16 for extracting the pollutant reserve liquid in the water tank 14;

[0036] It includes a storage box 17 for field protection of a peristaltic pump 16. The two sides of the storage box 17 are respectively provided with holes for the water flow tube 13 to pass through. The rear side of the storage box 17 is provided with a hole for the power cord to pass through.

[0037] It includes two water flow tubes 13 connecting a water tank 14 filled with pollutant reserve liquid and an overflow box body 1. One end of the water flow tube 13 is directly pierced through the upper hole of the water tank 14 and extends into the bottom of the water tank 14 and is tied with a heavy object for stability. The middle part of the water flow tube 13 is connected to the peristaltic pump 16. The other end of the water flow tube 13 is fixed in the turbulent flow chamber of the overflow box body 1. The aperture of the water flow tube 13 meets the working requirements of the peristaltic pump 16 and the flow capacity requirements of the test design.

[0038] The three overflow boxes 1 are respectively a mainstream overflow box for diverting natural water bodies with background concentration pollutants input from the outside, a first pollutant overflow box for providing high-concentration sewage outflow of pollutant 1, and a second pollutant overflow box for providing high-concentration sewage outflow of pollutant 2. Ultimately, the three streams of water flowing out of the corresponding outflow orifices 7 on the three overflow boxes 1 meet the flow gradation and concentration gradation of different pollutants required by the experimental design when they enter the experimental area and mix.

[0039] The height of the overflow box 1 is determined according to the maximum orifice head of the outflow orifice 7, the height of the constant head overflow gap and the height of the orifice from the bottom of the box. The heights of the three overflow boxes 1 are kept the same for ease of manufacturing.

[0040] The length of the overflow box 1 is mainly determined according to the spacing between the first baffle 4 and the second baffle 5 and the horizontal spacing of the outlet openings 7, so as to ensure that 8-16 outlet openings can be evenly and staggered on the side of the overflow box 1 along the length direction; the spacing between the first baffle 4 and the water inlet side wall of the overflow box 1 is 3 cm, the spacing between the first baffle 4 and the second baffle 5 is 3 cm, and the distance between the outlet openings 7 is 6 cm.

[0041] The width of the overflow box 1 is minimized to save manufacturing costs and floor space while ensuring ease of manufacture, structural stability, and ease of operation.

[0042] The total height of the lower fixed flow partition 2 and the upper movable flow partition 3 is determined according to the maximum orifice head of the outflow orifice 7 on the overflow box 1 and the distance between the orifice and the bottom of the box. The height of the upper edge of the upper movable flow partition 3 below the upper end surface of the overflow box 1 is the height of the constant head overflow gap, so that excess water entering the overflow box from the outside will automatically overflow through the gap, so that the water depth in the overflow chamber is always maintained at a constant level. In this embodiment, the height of the gap is 2 cm.

[0043] The first spoiler 4 and the second spoiler 5 effectively reduce the impact force of the incoming water body through the different hole sizes and hole spacing thereon, ensure that the water flow in the static flow chamber moves smoothly and slowly, and effectively reduce the impact of water surface fluctuations on the outflow flow rate of the outflow hole 7.

[0044] There are 8 to 16 outflow orifices 7, and there are 12 outflow orifices 7 in this embodiment, with a horizontal spacing of 6 cm. The outflow rate of each outflow orifice 7 is determined based on the mass conservation law according to the mixed outflow rate, mixed outflow pollutant concentration and pollutant concentration in each overflow box 1 designed in the experiment.

[0045] Under the condition of known flow rate, the diameter and orifice head of the outflow orifice 7 are calculated according to the orifice outflow formula. By adjusting the aperture and orifice head, each outflow orifice 7 can reduce the orifice head as much as possible to reduce the height of the overflow box 1 while satisfying the small hole constant free outflow scenario (orifice diameter <1 / 10 orifice head), thereby saving manufacturing costs, reducing equipment weight and size, and facilitating transportation, installation and maintenance.

[0046] The lower edges of the outlet opening 7, the water inlet pipe interface 6, and the tailwater pipe interface 8 are all more than 3 cm away from the bottom of the overflow box 1 to prevent the external water flow from entering the box and causing suspended matter to settle due to the reduction in flow rate, thereby causing siltation and blockage affecting the inlet and outlet flows.

[0047] All components on the overflow box 1 are made of stainless steel by pressing or welding. The thickness of the stainless steel material needs to meet certain requirements (304 material, wall thickness 1.5 mm). All openings on the overflow box 1 are obtained by automatic laser cutting according to the design size to ensure production accuracy. Except that the first spoiler 4 and the second spoiler 5 can be spot-welded to the overflow box 1, and the upper movable flow partition 3 is adhered to the lower fixed flow partition 2 by a magnetic strip, the connections between other components are all full-welded to avoid leakage.

[0048] The water inlet pipe interface 6 and the tailwater pipe interface 8 on the overflow box 1 are both connected to the external pipeline through the external threads thereon, which facilitates installation and removal with the external pipeline.

[0049] The horizontal cross-sectional dimension of the support frame 12-1 supporting the overflow box 1 is the same as or slightly larger than the horizontal cross-sectional dimension of the overflow box 1 to ensure that the overflow box 1 is placed stably. At the same time, fine-tuning is performed through a spirit level to ensure that the overflow box 1 is placed horizontally, ensuring that each outflow orifice 7 has the same head height.

[0050] The material used to make the support frame 12, namely the galvanized angle iron, needs to have sufficient rigidity. When the size is too high, too long, or too wide, a crossbeam needs to be added to enhance the structural stability. The size of the galvanized angle iron in this embodiment is 40mm (width) * 4mm (thickness).

[0051] The length of each compartment 10 in the water collecting trough 9 is the same as the horizontal spacing of the flow openings 7 on the overflow box 1, and the center line of the compartment is aligned with the center line of the opening to ensure that each compartment 10 can effectively collect the outgoing water flow of the corresponding flow opening 7. The sum of the lengths of all compartments 10 on each water collecting trough 9 is the overall length of the water collecting trough 9.

[0052] The width of the sump 9 should be slightly larger than the maximum distance along the width of the sump 9 between the points where the outflow from the outflow openings 7 lands on the upper end surface of the sump, to ensure that each compartment 10 of the sump 9 can simultaneously and independently collect the outflow from all corresponding outflow openings 7 on the overflow tank 1. The distance between the points where the outflow from the outflow openings 7 lands on the upper end surface of the sump can be calculated by combining the theory of free fall and Newton's first law.

[0053] The height of the upper end surface of the water collection trough 9 affects both the width of the water collection trough 9 and the distance between the water collection trough 9 and the corresponding overflow box 1. The height of the upper end surface of the water collection trough 9 is composed of the height of the water collection trough 9 itself and the height of its supporting frame 12-2. Determining a suitable plane height of the upper end surface of the water collection trough 9 can not only reduce the width of the water collection trough 9 and shorten the distance between the water collection trough 9 and the overflow box 1, but also reserve sufficient pressure head for the outlet pipe interface 11 on the water collection trough 9 to ensure that the outflow of each compartment 10 can smoothly reach each end point, taking into account the hydraulic loss of the outflow of the compartment 10 during the transmission process.

[0054] The outlet pipe interface 11 can be quickly installed and disassembled from the water collection tank 9, and is conveniently connected to an external water pipe to transmit the flow collected in each compartment 10 to a designated location in real time. The outlet pipe interface 11 is 2-3 cm away from the bottom of the water collection tank 9 to prevent siltation in the compartment 10 from clogging the interface and affecting the outflow.

[0055] The sump 9 can be made of PVC board, assembled from the inside out using triangular plastic welding rods, a welding gun, and structural adhesive, to meet diverse dimensional requirements. Alternatively, it can be made of stainless steel, galvanized iron, etc. In short, when selecting the material, it is necessary to consider the characteristics of the field test and the size of the structure, with particular attention to its lightness, sealing, corrosion resistance, and aging resistance.

[0056] The peristaltic pump 16 is a single-channel peristaltic pump to ensure accuracy. A suitable model of peristaltic pump is selected based on indicators such as the inflow pollutant concentration and background pollutant concentration of the wetland area designed for the experiment. The peristaltic pump of this embodiment is designed to operate in the range of 0-570ml / min and the speed range is 0.1-150rpm. The water flow tube 13 passing through it is a 17# tube made of silicone with an inner diameter of 6.4mm and a wall thickness of 1.6mm, which has good flexibility, tensile strength and corrosion resistance.

[0057] The two peristaltic pumps 16 are placed in a storage box 17 for easy transportation and to prevent external influences such as rain, dust, and animals and plants. The external power cord socket and the water flow tube 13 both enter and exit the box through the upper opening on the side of the storage box 17. The size of the opening is the same as the diameter of the through-hole pipeline.

[0058] The volume of the water tank 14 is determined based on indicators such as the flow rate of the peristaltic pump 16, the concentration of the pollutant reserve solution in the water tank 14, the flow rate of external water entering the overflow tank 1, the background concentration of pollutants in the external water, and the target concentration of the reserve solution after entering the overflow tank 1. The volume of the water tank 14 should be sufficient to meet the requirement of still having a surplus after the peristaltic pump 16 continuously pumps for 15 hours, ensuring sufficient time to prepare the pollutant reserve solution in the morning and evening every day. In this embodiment, the operating flow rate of the peristaltic pump 16 is 170 ml / min, and the total volume of the water tank 14 is 200 L.

[0059] The drain valve pipe 15 at the bottom of the water tank 14 is used to drain the remaining pollutant reserve liquid in the tank after the test is completed, and can also be used to drain the water flow for cleaning the tank.

[0060] The water flow tube 13 enters the water tank through a hole drilled on the water tank 14 by a rechargeable drill, and is fixedly tied to a heavy object so that the water inlet end of the water flow tube 13 sinks to the bottom of the water tank 14. At the same time, a thin rope is attached to make the rope float on the water so that the heavy object at the bottom can be lifted at any time to check the water inlet of the water flow tube 13; the outlet end of the water flow tube 13 is fixed to the lower part of the first baffle 4 of the overflow box 1 by a snap, so that the pollutant reserve liquid can be turbulently mixed with the inflow of the overflow box 1 and then enter the static flow chamber to meet the corresponding pollutant concentration requirements in the mixed water body.

[0061] The two water tanks 14 are respectively filled with a high-concentration stock solution of pollutant 1 and a high-concentration stock solution of pollutant 2, which can be referred to as the pollutant 1 stock solution and the pollutant 2 stock solution, respectively. The pollutant 1 stock solution in the first water tank 14 is pumped through the water flow capillary 13 by the peristaltic pump 16 into the first pollutant overflow tank 1 and is evenly mixed with the external water in the overflow tank 1 to obtain the pollutant 1 standard solution in the first pollutant overflow tank 1 that meets the design concentration requirements. Similarly, the pollutant 2 stock solution in the second water tank 14 is pumped through the water flow capillary 13 by the peristaltic pump 16 into the second pollutant overflow tank and is evenly mixed with the external water in the overflow tank 1 to obtain the pollutant 2 standard solution in the second pollutant overflow tank that meets the design concentration requirements.

[0062] The technical principles of the invented device system are the law of conservation of mass and small hole outflow theory in hydraulics and theories of free fall motion and Newton's first law of motion in physics.

[0063] The so-called law of conservation of mass means that the mass of the substance flowing into a certain control body is equal to the mass of the substance flowing out of the certain control body, which is expressed by the continuity equation in hydraulics. In the present invention, all water flow motions are in a state of constant pressure and steady flow. It is known that the flow rate Q1 of the external water body entering the first overflow box 1, i.e., the mainstream overflow box 1, the flow rate Q2 entering the second overflow box 1, i.e., the pollutant 1 overflow box 1, the flow rate Q3 entering the third overflow box 1, i.e., the pollutant 2 overflow box 1, the background concentration a0 of pollutant 1 in the external water body, the background concentration b0 of pollutant 2 in the external water body, the concentration a1 of the pollutant 1 standard solution in the pollutant 1 overflow box 1, the concentration b1 of the pollutant 2 standard solution in the pollutant 2 overflow box 1, and the design value Q ([q1, q2, ..., q 12 ]), the design value of the concentration of the mixed pollutant 1 A2 ([a 2，1 , a 2，2 ,...,a 2,12 ]), the design value of the concentration of the mixed pollutant 2 B2 ([b 2,1 ,b 2,2 ,…,b 2,12]), the unknown variables are the outflow rate X1 ([x 1，1 , x 1，2 ,...,x 1，12 ]), the outflow rate of pollutants 1 overflowing the box 1 at each outflow orifice 7 X2 ([x 2，1 , x 2，2 ,...,x 2,12 ]), the outflow rate of pollutants 2 overflowing the box 1 at each outflow orifice 7 is X3 ([x 3，1 , x 3，2 ,...,x 3,12 ]), according to the continuity equation of material flow, the following equation group (1) is obtained:

[0064]

[0065] The working flow rates of the two peristaltic pumps 16 used to extract the pollutant 1 and pollutant 2 reserve solutions in the water tank 14 are set to the same value Q4. The unknown quantities to be calculated are the concentrations a3 and b3 of the reserve solutions of pollutants 1 and 2 in the two water tanks 14, respectively. The mass conservation equations (2) and (3) of pollutants 1 and 2 in the overflow tank 1 are obtained:

[0066] a0•Q2+a3•Q4=a1•(Q2+Q4) (2)

[0067] b0•Q3+b3•Q4=b1•(Q3+Q4) (3)

[0068] According to the concentration of the reserve solution of different pollutants in the water tank 14, the mass of the medicine or fertilizer that needs to be added each time the reserve solution is prepared can be calculated.

[0069] Based on the outflow rates X1, X2, and X3 of the different outflow orifices 7 on the overflow box 1, the aperture and water head of the different outflow orifices 7 on the overflow box 1 can be calculated based on the theory of small hole constant free outflow. The so-called small hole constant free outflow refers to the hydraulic phenomenon in which a hole is opened in the thin wall of a container, the water depth above the orifice remains constant, the orifice diameter is less than 1 / 10 of the orifice water head, and water flows freely out of the orifice. The flow calculation formula (4) for small hole constant free outflow is:

[0070]

[0071] Then the orifice velocity formula (5) is:

[0072]

[0073] Where Q is the flow rate of the constant free flow of the small hole, m 3 / s; ε is the section shrinkage coefficient; is the velocity coefficient; μ is the flow coefficient; g is the acceleration of gravity, 9.8m / s 2 ; A is the area of ​​the small hole, m 2 H0 is the orifice head, m. Based on the empirical parameter range, the discharge coefficient μ is selected as 0.60.

[0074] The orifice head H0 is composed of the water depth H above the orifice center and the traveling flow velocity head, as shown in formula (6):

[0075]

[0076] The point where the outflow from the outflow orifice 7 on the overflow box 1 lands on the upper end surface of the sump 9 can be estimated by free fall motion and uniform motion, as shown in formula (7):

[0077]

[0078] Wherein, ΔH is the vertical distance from the center point of the outflow orifice 7 to the upper end surface of the water collecting tank 9, m; t is the time required for the water to flow out of the outflow orifice 7 and fall to the upper end surface of the water collecting tank 9, s; L is the horizontal distance along the outflow direction from the outflow orifice 7 to the point where the outflow falls on the upper end surface of the water collecting tank 9, m.

[0079] The overflow box 1 in the device system of the present invention is a square cavity structure. A water inlet pipe interface 6 for connecting to an external water pipe is installed near the bottom center of its rear side. A tailwater pipe interface 8 for connecting to an external water pipe is installed near the bottom center of its front side. Outflow orifices 7 with a horizontal spacing of 6 cm are opened along the length direction of its left or right side. The diameter and orifice head of the outflow orifice 7 are obtained by reverse calculation and debugging according to formula (4) after calculating the flow rate of each orifice according to formula (1). The ratio of the orifice diameter to the orifice head is avoided to be too small or too large, and the orifice heads on the three overflow boxes 1 are kept relatively close as much as possible. The interior of the overflow box 1 is divided into an overflow chamber and an outflow chamber by a lower fixed baffle 2 and an upper movable baffle 3. The first baffle 4 and the second baffle 5 are continuously installed inside the overflow chamber near the water inlet pipe interface 6. The arrangement of the first baffle 4 and the second baffle 5 further divides the overflow chamber into a turbulent chamber and a static chamber.

[0080] The left, right and bottom sides of the overflow box 1 along the long side are made of 304 stainless steel and are integrally pressed according to the design dimensions. The front and back sides of the overflow box 1 are fully welded to form the outer contour of the entire box. The right-angled folded edges are fully welded around the outer edge of the upper end face of the overflow box 1 to enhance the overall rigidity and stability of the overflow box 1 and facilitate manual handling.

[0081] The lower fixed flow divider 2 and upper movable flow divider 3 are the controlling structures of the overflow tank 1. Their height determines the outflow size and adjustment range of the overflow tank 1. The lower fixed flow divider 2 is fixed to the bottom area of ​​the overflow tank 1 by full welding. The upper movable flow divider 3 is attached to the surface of the lower fixed flow divider 2 via magnetic strips on its sides and bottom, forming an integrated variable-height flow divider. The maximum height of the lower fixed flow divider 2 and upper movable flow divider 3 is 2 cm lower than the height of the overflow tank 1 to leave an overflow gap and ensure a constant head in the overflow chamber. The lower fixed flow divider 2 and upper movable flow divider 3 are 4 cm from the front side of the tank.

[0082] The first spoiler 4 and the second spoiler 5 are respectively provided with densely distributed circular holes with diameters of 2 cm and 1.5 cm to reduce the kinetic energy of the external inflow. The spoiler is firmly connected to the left, right and bottom sides of the box by spot welding to resist the impact of water flow. The height of the spoiler is consistent with the height of the box, and the distance between the rear side of the box, the first spoiler 4 and the second spoiler 5 is set to 3 cm.

[0083] The tailwater pipe interface 8 is externally connected to a tailwater pipe with sufficient flow capacity, which guides the excess overflow water in the overflow box 1 to a specific location, thereby effectively reducing water waste, saving water resources, and protecting the water environment.

[0084] The water collecting trough 9 of the device system of the present invention is made of corrosion-resistant and anti-aging materials that are easy to weld or glue. The length of the water collecting trough 9 depends on the total length of the arrangement of the flow orifices 7. The width of the water collecting trough 9 and the height of the upper end face affect each other. The specific width is determined by the maximum spacing along the jet direction of the outflow from the flow orifices 7 at the upper end face of the water collecting trough 9. The upper end face of the water collecting trough 9 is as close as possible to the bottom plane of the overflow box 1 to ensure that all outflows from the orifices are collected while reducing the width of the trough body and leaving enough head height so that the water collected in each compartment 10 can smoothly flow to the destination through the outlet pipe connected to the outlet pipe interface 11. The height of the upper end face of the water collecting trough 9 is determined by the height of the water collecting trough 9 itself and the height of its supporting frame 12-2. The height ratio of the two can be adjusted according to the actual conditions on site.

[0085] The support frame 12 of the device system of the present invention is a three-dimensional support structure made of galvanized angle iron, which requires sufficient strength to support the overflow box 1 or water collection tank 9 filled with water. According to the actual size of the support frame 12, cross beams or inclined beams are added to enhance its structural stability.

[0086] The water tank 14 of the present invention's system is made of plastic, making it lightweight, easy to transport, and resistant to corrosion from water and fertilizers, as well as sunlight, wind, and rain, which can age. High-concentration pollutants stored in the water tank 14 are pumped through the peristaltic pump 16 via the capillary tube 13 into the overflow tank 1 to meet the design concentration requirement. The water storage capacity of the water tank 14 allows the peristaltic pump 16 to operate continuously for 15 hours without drying out. The peristaltic pump 16 is protected by a storage box 17 and placed outdoors for continuous operation. Both the pump body and pump head exhibit excellent corrosion and aging resistance. The capillary tube 13 is a silicone tube, offering excellent flexibility, corrosion resistance, and aging resistance. The top of the water tank 14 is covered but not tightened. This effectively protects against external pollutants such as rainwater and fallen leaves, while also ensuring air flow inside and outside the tank, preventing negative pressure generated by the peristaltic pump 16 from affecting the flow of the capillary tube 13. A drain valve pipe 15 connected to a ball valve is installed at the bottom of the water tank 14 to drain the water.

[0087] The workflow of the present invention is as follows:

[0088] 1. First connect the external water inlet pipe to the PVC internal thread pipe cap and fix it with accessories such as hoops, and then tighten it to the external thread on the water inlet pipe interface 6 in the overflow box 1.

[0089] 2. First connect the external tailwater pipe to the PVC internal threaded pipe cap and fix it with a hoop or other accessories, and then tighten it to the external thread on the tailwater pipe interface 8 in the overflow box 1.

[0090] 3. Connect the outlet pipe interface 11 of each compartment 10 in the water collection tank 9 to a water outlet pipe through a PVC water supply pipe to reach the destination, and fix the pipe interface with accessories such as hoops.

[0091] 4. A pollutant stock solution of a certain volume and specific concentration is placed in the water tank 14. A certain volume of external natural water with a background concentration can be added to the water tank first. Then, the mass of pollutant fertilizer or agent to be added is calculated based on the concentration requirement of the pollutant stock solution, and added to the water tank to make the required stock solutions of different concentrations of different pollutants.

[0092] 5. Turn on the power switch of the water pump at the water source of the external water inlet pipe. The external water is sucked by the water pump and flows into the turbulent flow chamber of the overflow box 1 through the water inlet pipe. After energy dissipation through the first baffle 4 and the second baffle 5, it smoothly enters the static flow chamber of the overflow box 1.

[0093] 6. Turn on the power switch of the peristaltic pump 16, and the two pollutant reserve liquids in the two water tanks 14 are respectively injected into the lower part of the first baffle 4 of the pollutant 1 overflow box 1 and the pollutant 2 overflow box 1 through the water flow tube 13, and enter the static flow chamber of the overflow box 1 together after being fully turbulently mixed with the external inflow.

[0094] 7. As the water level in the still flow chamber continues to rise, outflow orifice 7 begins to flow, and the outflow rate from outflow orifice 7 increases as the water head at the orifice continues to rise. When the water depth in the still flow chamber rises to the level of the upper edge of the upper movable flow cutoff plate 3, the excess water automatically overflows the upper movable flow cutoff plate 3 into the outflow chamber and is discharged to the outside through the tailwater pipe interface 8 and a tailwater pipe with sufficient flow capacity, thus ensuring a constant water depth in the still flow chamber at all times.

[0095] 8. After the water depth in the static flow chamber remains constant, the outflow orifice 7 will also maintain a constant outflow, and the outflow from the orifice will stably fall into the corresponding compartments 10 of the water collecting tank 9.

[0096] 9. The outflow from the outflow orifice 7 received by each compartment 10 of the sump 9 is transported to the destination in real time and constantly through the outlet pipe interface 11 and the outlet pipe. The outflows from the corresponding compartments 10 of the two sumps 9 are evenly mixed when entering the destination to meet the flow and concentration requirements of the experimental design.

[0097] 10. During the continuous test, the volume of the pollutant reserve solution in the water tank 14 is replenished every 12 hours to ensure that the peristaltic pump 16 can continuously pump the pollutant reserve solution.

[0098] 11. After the test is completed, turn off all power supplies, disconnect the external water inlet pipe and tailwater pipe from the interface connection with the overflow box 1, empty all remaining water in the overflow box 1 and the water tank 14 and clean them before the next test.

[0099] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage, multi-pollutant diversion and distribution system, characterized by: The invention comprises a plurality of overflow boxes with upper end openings, a plurality of water collecting tanks for collecting outflows of the plurality of overflow boxes, a plurality of water tanks for storing high-concentration pollutant reserve liquids and a plurality of peristaltic pumps for extracting water from the water tanks. The number of the water tanks and the peristaltic pumps is the same, the number of the overflow boxes is one more than the number of the water collecting tanks, one of the plurality of overflow boxes is a mainstream overflow box for diverting natural water with background concentration pollutants input from the outside, and the rest are sewage diversion boxes for diverting mixed water with high concentration pollutants from the external natural water and the outflow of the water tanks. Pollutant overflow box, each water collection tank is located between the two overflow boxes, the mainstream overflow box is matched with a water collection tank, each or two adjacent pollutant overflow boxes are matched with a water collection tank; the overflow box is provided with a partition plate that divides it into two parts of space, an overflow chamber and an outflow chamber, and the overflow chamber is provided with a baffle that divides it into two parts of space, a turbulent chamber and a static chamber. The partition plate and the baffle are both placed vertically along the width direction of the overflow box, and the baffle is provided with dense flow holes. The total height of the partition plate is lower than the overflow chamber. The height of the box body is to leave overflow space, the static flow chamber is located between the outflow chamber and the turbulent flow chamber, and a water inlet pipe interface connected to the water inlet pipe is provided on the side wall of the overflow box body in the width direction close to the turbulent flow chamber, and a tailwater pipe interface connected to the tailwater pipe is provided on the side wall of the overflow box body in the width direction close to the outflow chamber. A plurality of outflow orifices with different head heights and diameters are staggered on one side wall of the overflow box body in the length direction within the range of the static flow chamber, and the outflow orifices are located on the side wall of the water collecting tank on the side close to the overflow box body; the water collecting tank is at the upper end The box is completely open on the surface, and the inner cavity of the water collection tank is divided into compartments with the same number of outflow holes on the overflow box by partitions along its length. Each outflow hole is arranged opposite to a compartment, and each compartment has a water outlet pipe interface connected to the external pipeline on the lower side wall, and is connected to the external water outlet pipe by direct insertion; the height of the outflow hole on the overflow box is higher than the height of the upper port of the water collection tank; each water tank is connected to the water inlet interface of a pollutant overflow box through a water flow tube, and the middle part of each water flow tube is connected to a peristaltic pump.

2. The multi-stage multi-pollutant diversion and distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are two baffles, and the two baffles are arranged at intervals. Along the flow direction of water in the overflow box, the diameter of the flow hole on the first baffle is larger than the diameter of the flow hole on the second baffle, the number of orifices on the first baffle is less than the number of orifices on the second baffle, and the diameters of the flow holes on the two baffles are smaller than the inner diameter of the water inlet pipe interface.

3. The multi-stage multi-pollutant diversion and distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow divider includes a lower fixed flow divider and an upper movable flow divider. The lower fixed flow divider is fixed to the bottom surface and side wall of the overflow box. Magnetic strips are fixed on both sides and the bottom edge of the upper movable flow divider. The upper movable flow divider forms a whole with the lower fixed flow divider through its magnetic strips. By moving the position of the upper movable flow divider, the height of the entire flow divider can be adjusted, thereby changing the water depth in the overflow box.

4. The multi-stage multi-pollutant diversion and distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of outflow orifices on the multiple overflow boxes is the same, which is 8-16. The distance between the outflow orifice and the inner bottom surface of the overflow box is greater than 3 cm. The diameter of the outflow orifice is calculated according to the small hole outflow theory. The diameter of the outflow orifice is less than 1 / 10 of the outflow orifice head height, that is, the water depth above the center point of the outflow orifice; the total orifice flow on each overflow box is equal to the corresponding design flow, and the total orifice flow on each overflow box is calculated based on the continuity equation according to the experimental design flow level and the concentration level of different pollutants.

5. The multi-stage multi-pollutant diversion and distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the compartment is the same as the distance between two adjacent outflow orifices, and the center line of the compartment is aligned with the center line of the corresponding outflow orifice from which the outflow is collected.

6. The multi-stage multi-pollutant diversion and distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the water collection trough is determined by the maximum distance between the landing points of the outflow from the outflow orifice on the upper end surface of the water collection trough along the outflow direction; the height of the flow partition is lower than the height of the baffle and the height of the overflow box, and the height of the flow partition is determined according to the maximum orifice head of the outflow orifice on the overflow box and the distance between the outflow orifice and the bottom of the box; the height of the upper edge of the flow partition below the upper end surface of the overflow box is the constant head overflow notch height, and the constant head overflow notch height is 2 cm; the height of the overflow box is determined according to the maximum orifice head of the outflow orifice, the constant head overflow notch height and the height of the orifice from the bottom surface of the box, and multiple overflow boxes have the same height.

7. The multi-stage multi-pollutant diversion and distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The overflow box is placed on the first three-dimensional support frame, and the water collecting box is placed on the second three-dimensional support frame. The width of the water collecting trough is restricted by the height of the upper end surface of the water collecting trough. The width of the water collecting trough needs to be determined in combination with the small hole outflow and free fall theory; the height of the upper end surface of the water collecting trough is lower than the height of the bottom surface of the overflow box, and the ratio of the height of the second three-dimensional support frame to the height of the water collecting trough is generally 1:1-2:

1.

8. The multi-stage multi-pollutant diversion and distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system also includes a storage box for outdoor protection of the peristaltic pump, with holes for perforating external water tubes on both side walls of the storage box, and a hole for perforating external power cords on the rear side wall of the storage box; the upper part of the water tank is provided with a hole for perforating external water tubes, and the lower part of the water tank is provided with a drain valve pipe for draining the water in the tank, one end of the water tube is directly perforated through the hole in the upper part of the water tank and extends into the bottom of the water tank and is tied with a heavy object for stability, and the outflow end of the water tube is fixed to the lower part of the baffle near the water inlet pipe structure in the turbulent chamber by a snap.

9. The multi-stage multi-pollutant diversion and distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The four sides of the upper end face of the overflow box are added with right-angled edges and welded firmly. The water inlet pipe interface and the tail water pipe interface are connected to the external water pipe through threaded ports; the top of the water tank contains a screw-on box cover; the water flow tube is a silicone tube.

10. A multi-stage multi-pollutant diversion and distribution system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The overflow box, flow divider, baffle, water inlet pipe interface, tailwater pipe interface, water collecting tank and compartment are all made of stainless steel or galvanized iron sheet materials, and all the above components are firmly connected by electric welding.

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